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1
Kumar, Santosh, Gaffar Memon, Bagwan Das, and Pushpa Mohan. "VIT D DEFICIENCY." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 09 (September 10, 2016): 1064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.09.1697.
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Objectives: To determine the outcome of vitamin deficiency in local populationof (Hyderabad), come with complaints of vague symptoms of body ache, bony pain with noco morbidity. Study design: cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: OutpatientDepartment of Liquat University Medical Science, Hyderabad. Period: 6-2-2013 to 6-2-2015.Methodology: This is observational cross sectional study conducted at out patient’s department(LUMHS) city Hyderabad from 6-2-13 to 6-2-2015. Preliminary data was collected with the helpof self-administered questionnaires which include patient’s history and examination and bloodsample is taken for assessing level of dehydrocholecalciferol with serum calcium and routinetest. Data entered in spss 20 version, analytical software were applied for results in this study.Result: This study is conducted in 300 pts, among these 60% female and 36.7% male and 3.3%missing. Patients selected through (OPD) with consent and preformed proforma. Vitamin ddeficiency found nearly 96%in all the patient from young age to old age 4% were missing, lessthan 10 level found in 24.7%(severe deficiency), 10-20 level seen 54.7%(moderate deficiency)and 20-30 found in 14.7% (mild deficiency). Conclusion: my results shows that ( vitaminD-deficiency) is big dilemma in our community, give rise mild, moderate and severe decreasedlevel which leads complication which causing rickets in children and osteomalcia in adults,increase mortality and morbidity in local population.
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Mizuno, Hatsuhiko. "Vit D derivatives, Bisphosphonates." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 67 (1995): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)46133-7.
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Mandell, Erica, Gregory Seedorf, Jason Gien, and Steven H. Abman. "Vitamin D treatment improves survival and infant lung structure after intra-amniotic endotoxin exposure in rats: potential role for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 306, no. 5 (March 1, 2014): L420—L428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00344.2013.
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Vitamin D (vit D) has anti-inflammatory properties and modulates lung growth, but whether vit D can prevent lung injury after exposure to antenatal inflammation is unknown. We hypothesized that early and sustained vit D treatment could improve survival and preserve lung growth in an experimental model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia induced by antenatal exposure to endotoxin (ETX). Fetal rats (E20) were exposed to ETX (10 μg), ETX + Vit D (1 ng/ml), or saline (control) via intra-amniotic (IA) injections and delivered 2 days later. Newborn pups exposed to IA ETX received daily intraperitoneal injections of vit D (1 ng/g) or saline for 14 days. Vit D treatment improved oxygen saturations (78 vs. 87%; P < 0.001) and postnatal survival (84% vs. 57%; P < 0.001) after exposure to IA ETX compared with IA ETX alone. Postnatal vit D treatment improved alveolar and vascular growth at 14 days by 45% and 25%, respectively ( P < 0.05). Vit D increased fetal sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) growth and tube formation by 64% and 44%, respectively ( P < 0.001), and prevented ETX-induced reductions of PAEC growth and tube formation. Vit D directly increased fetal alveolar type II cell (ATIIC) growth by 26% ( P < 0.001) and enhanced ATIIC growth in the presence of ETX-induced growth suppression by 73% ( P < 0.001). We conclude that antenatal vit D therapy improved oxygenation and survival in newborn rat pups and enhanced late lung structure after exposure to IA ETX in vivo, which may partly be due to direct effects on vascular and alveolar growth.
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Wang, Haiying, and Chuantao Li. "The General (α,3)-Path Connectivity Indices of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (September 5, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5702346.
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The general (α,t)-path connectivity index of a molecular graph originates from many practical problems such as three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity (3D QSAR) and molecular chirality. It is defined as Rtα(G)=∑Pt=vi1vi2⋯vit+1⊆G[d(vi1)d(vi2)⋯d(vit+1)]α, where the summation is taken over all possible paths of length t of G and we do not distinguish between the paths vi1vi2⋯vit+1 and vit+1⋯vi2vi1. In this paper, we focus on the structures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHn), which play a role in organic materials and medical sciences. We try to compute the exact general (α,3)-path connectivity indices of this family of hydrocarbon structures. Furthermore, we exactly derive the monotonicity and the extremal values of R3α(PAHn) for any real number α. These valuable results could produce strong guiding significance to these applied sciences.
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Abdulkader, Hiba, and Atheer Al-Saffar. "Assessment of Vitamin D Level in a Sample of Iraqi Obese Women." Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22578/ijms.19.2.6.
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Background: High prevalence of both vitamin D (vit. D) deficiency and obesity in world population as reported by many studies drown attention to establish the association and its direction between these two modifiable risk factors and their impact on health status which are still uncertain. Objective: To measure vit. D levels among a sample of obese women, describing some factors that may contribute for vit. D values in this sample and assess the correlation between vit. D levels and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 obese women. Their age ranged between (20-50) years, during the period from 1st February to 1st August 2019. The sample was gathered from laboratory of private medical center at Palestine Street in Baghdad. vit. D was measured by (Ichroma vit D), which is a fluorescence immunoassay. Results: The mean±SD of vit. D values of the participants were found to be (16.05±6.9) ng/ml. Only two women from the sample had sufficient vit. D level of more than 30 ng/ml, (72%) of the participants found to have insufficient vit. D level 10-29.9 ng/ml and the remaining had deficiency in vit. D level <10 ng/ml. A significant association was found between vit. D levels and the age participants and beverages drinking (P≤0.01). Indirect correlation was found between vit. D values of the participants, their BMI values, and waist/ hip ratios and was significant with the last P≤0.012. Conclusion: No association was found between vit. D and BMI, but there is indirect correlation between vit. D and waist/hip ratio. Highest deficiency of vit. D among age group (30-39) years old and among those who were drinking carbonated beverage. Keywords: Obese, women, vitamin D, body mass index Citation: Abdulkader HD, Al-Saffar AJ. Assessment of vitamin D level in a sample of Iraqi obese women. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(2): 172-181. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.2.6
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Taş, Sibel, Emre Sarandöl, and Melahat Dirican. "Vitamin B6 Supplementation Improves Oxidative Stress and Enhances Serum Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/351598.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 (Vit B6) on oxidant and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control + Vit B6 group (C + Vit B6), diabetes (D), and diabetes + Vit B6 group (D + Vit B6). Vit B6 (4 mg/kg body weight) was administered in drinking water for 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Vitamin B6 reduced serum total cholesterol level in the C + Vit B6 (P< 0.01) and D + Vit B6 (P< 0.05) groups. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde levels were reduced in the C + Vit B6 and D + Vit B6 groups. Whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher in the D group (P< 0.05). GSH-Px and SOD activities were increased in C + Vit B6 group while these parameters decreased in the D + Vit B6 group. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were decreased in the D group while they were increased in C + Vit B6 and D + Vit B6 groups. The results of present study suggest that vitamin B6 supplementation might be a promising adjunctive agent for improving oxidative stress and metabolic disturbances and for preventing diabetic complications including atherogenesis.
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Holick, Michael F., Luciana Mazzei, Sebastián García Menéndez, Virna Margarita Martín Giménez, Fatme Al Anouti, and Walter Manucha. "Genomic or Non-Genomic? A Question about the Pleiotropic Roles of Vitamin D in Inflammatory-Based Diseases." Nutrients 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15030767.
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Vitamin D (vit D) is widely known for its role in calcium metabolism and its importance for the bone system. However, various studies have revealed a myriad of extra-skeletal functions, including cell differentiation and proliferation, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties in various cells and tissues. Vit D mediates its function via regulation of gene expression by binding to its receptor (VDR) which is expressed in almost all cells within the body. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of vit D, emphasizing its anti-inflammatory effect on different organ systems. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and epigenetic effects of vit D and VDR on the expression of genes pertaining to immunity and anti-inflammation. We speculate that in the context of inflammation, vit D and its receptor VDR might fulfill their roles as gene regulators through not only direct gene regulation but also through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Frank, Alexandra, Mikel Stiffler-Joachim, Jennifer Sanfilippo, Cory Call, Matthew Dooley, Scott Hetzel, Margaret Brooks, and Andrea Spiker. "Poster 127: Vitamin D levels and Musculoskeletal Injuries in Collegiate Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 7_suppl5 (July 1, 2022): 2325967121S0068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00688.
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Objectives: Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has been identified as a global epidemic, sparking numerous studies into its more detailed effects on the body. In orthopedics, Vit D deficiency has been found to correlate with an increase in a variety of musculoskeletal injuries. Although current evidence suggests a connection between the number of musculoskeletal injuries sustained and an athlete’s vitamin D level, this correlation has not yet been thoroughly investigated in the collegiate athlete population. We hypothesized that lower levels of serum vitamin D would be associated with an increased number of musculoskeletal injuries and increased recovery time. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 285 student athletes at the authors’ institution, a Division I university (Table 1). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels obtained on each athlete via chart review in conjunction with the athletic department and categorized into normal (≥32 ng/mL), insufficient (20 to 31 ng/mL) and deficient (≤19 ng/mL). Additional data collected included demographics, athletic performance, injury history and bone density. Results: 139/285 (48.8%) of athletes were Vit D insufficient, with an additional 50/285 (17.5%) being deficient (Table 2). For football players specifically (our largest cohort of athletes), 71/91 (78%) had a Vit D level below normal, with the average value falling at 24.5 ng/mL. For injury susceptibility, there was a 7% increase in injuries for those with a below normal Vit D. (40% vs 33%). For recovery length, athletes with a below normal Vit D took twice as long to recover (23.7 days vs 10.2 days). Conclusions: A large percentage collegiate athletes have insufficient or deficient levels of Vit D. Our results also suggest that a lower Vit. D level correlates to an increase in the number of musculoskeletal injuries sustained and an increase in recovery length. [Table: see text][Table: see text]
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Clements, Ronald H., Kishore Yellumahanthi, Mary Wesley, Naveen Ballem, and Kirby I. Bland. "Hyperparathyroidism and Vitamin D Deficiency after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass." American Surgeon 74, no. 6 (June 2008): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480807400603.
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Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) can occur after gastric bypass because of the alteration in vitamin D and calcium absorption. Adequate serum vitamin D concentrations have not been clearly defined in this patient population. Vitamin D (Vit D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed 1 year after laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB). The prevalence of HPT and Vit D deficiency were determined and their association was evaluated using Fisher's exact test. Ninety-three patients (aged 44 ± 1.1 years, 49.6 ± 0.67 kg/m2 body mass index, 79.6% female, 69.6% white) were evaluated. The prevalence of Vit D deficiency (less than 20 ng/mL) and HPT (greater than 65 pg/mL) was 23.6 per cent (n = 22) and 25.7 per cent (n = 28), respectively. Among patients with HPT, only eight of 28 (28.6%) had Vit D deficiency, and of those with Vit D deficiency, only eight of 22 (36.4%) had HPT. There was a weak inverse correlation (r = –0.37) between PTH and Vit D. Blacks are at higher risk for Vit D deficiency. There was no significant association between Vit D deficiency and HPT, Vit D deficiency and Roux limb length, or HPT and Roux limb length. After LGB, Vit D deficiency and hyperparathyroidism occur commonly. Body mass index and Roux limb length are not associated with these two conditions, but racial differences do exist. There is a weak inverse correlation between Vit D and PTH. Further research is needed to elucidate the causes, treatments, and significance of HPT after LGB.
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Elsamany, Shereef, Omaima Elemam, Ahmed Zeeneldin, Soha Elmorsy, Ahmed Khatry, Faisal Alhuthali, and Suha Alsayed. "Prognostic value of vitamin-D level in non-metastatic breast cancer patients in Saudi Arabia." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 1, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2020.1.1.9-14.
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Background
Deficiency of vitamin-D (Vit-D) was associated with poor survival outcome in several studies across different tumour types. The present study aims to assess the prevalence and prognostic value of Vit-D deficiency among breast cancer patients in a single institution in Saudi Arabia.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we screened patients who presented with non-metastatic breast cancer to King Abdullah Medical City, Saudi Arabia from June 2011 to December 2015. We checked baseline Vit-D level before starting systemic therapy in addition to other clinicopathological factors. Low Vit-D was defined as Vit-D level less than 30 ng /ml. The relations of Vit-D level (taking the median as the cutoff) with clinicopathological factors were assessed using Chi-Square test. Differences in survival outcome were compared using log rank test.
Results
We screened 340 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Baseline Vit-D levels were available for 189 patients. The median age was 50 years (range: 26- 86 years). Noteworthy, 169 (89.4%) of patients had Vit-D level <30 ng/ml with a median of 14.9 ng/ml (range: 4.0 - 45.0). Low Vit-D level (below the median) was significantly more common in premenopausal (p=0.011) and ER-negative patients (p=0.011). However, lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), clinically (p=0.023) and pathologically positive axillary LNs (p=0.041) were linked with higher Vit- D level.
After a median follow up period of 58.2 months, 14 patients died and 40 relapsed. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates was 74.8%. The 5-year DFS rate in patients with higher Vit-D level above the median was 78.8% compared to 71.1% in patients with lower Vit-D level with no statistically significance difference (p= 0.22). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 90.2%. Meanwhile, no difference in 5-year OS rate in patients with higher and lower Vit-D levels (90.3% and 89.7% respectively, p=0.6).
Conclusion
Low Vit-D level was prevalent among the studied breast cancer patients. Low Vit-D level was associated with ER-negative phenotype and premenopausal patients. Baseline Vit-D level was not significantly linked with survival outcome.
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Elsamany, Shereef, Omaima Elemam, Ahmed Zeeneldin, Soha Elmorsy, Ahmed Khatry, Faisal Alhuthali, and Suha Alsayed. "Prognostic value of vitamin-D level in non-metastatic breast cancer patients in Saudi Arabia." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2020.5.1.9-14.
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Background
Deficiency of vitamin-D (Vit-D) was associated with poor survival outcome in several studies across different tumour types. The present study aims to assess the prevalence and prognostic value of Vit-D deficiency among breast cancer patients in a single institution in Saudi Arabia.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we screened patients who presented with non-metastatic breast cancer to King Abdullah Medical City, Saudi Arabia from June 2011 to December 2015. We checked baseline Vit-D level before starting systemic therapy in addition to other clinicopathological factors. Low Vit-D was defined as Vit-D level less than 30 ng /ml. The relations of Vit-D level (taking the median as the cutoff) with clinicopathological factors were assessed using Chi-Square test. Differences in survival outcome were compared using log rank test.
Results
We screened 340 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Baseline Vit-D levels were available for 189 patients. The median age was 50 years (range: 26- 86 years). Noteworthy, 169 (89.4%) of patients had Vit-D level <30 ng/ml with a median of 14.9 ng/ml (range: 4.0 - 45.0). Low Vit-D level (below the median) was significantly more common in premenopausal (p=0.011) and ER-negative patients (p=0.011). However, lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), clinically (p=0.023) and pathologically positive axillary LNs (p=0.041) were linked with higher Vit- D level.
After a median follow up period of 58.2 months, 14 patients died and 40 relapsed. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates was 74.8%. The 5-year DFS rate in patients with higher Vit-D level above the median was 78.8% compared to 71.1% in patients with lower Vit-D level with no statistically significance difference (p= 0.22). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 90.2%. Meanwhile, no difference in 5-year OS rate in patients with higher and lower Vit-D levels (90.3% and 89.7% respectively, p=0.6).
Conclusion
Low Vit-D level was prevalent among the studied breast cancer patients. Low Vit-D level was associated with ER-negative phenotype and premenopausal patients. Baseline Vit-D level was not significantly linked with survival outcome.
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Batsi, Christina, Evangelia Gkika, Loukas Astrakas, Athanassios Papadopoulos, Ioannis Iakovou, Alexandros Dogoritis, Andreas Fotopoulos, and Chrissa Sioka. "Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Ischemia." Medicina 57, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080774.
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Background and Objectives: Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has been implicated in various conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the incidence of patients with myocardial ischemia in relation to their serum levels of vitamin D. Materials and Methods: A 64-month search (January 2016 to April 2021) in our database of the Nuclear Medicine Laboratory revealed 113 patients who had both myocardial perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (MPI SPECT) and Vit D measurements. MPI SPECT obtained myocardial images during both stress (summed stress score, SSS) and rest (summed rest score, SRS). Abnormal MPI SPECT was when the SSS was ≥4. Vit D was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Patients with Vit D values <10 ng/mL, 10–29 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL were defined as having a deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency, respectively. Results: Among patients, 46/113 (40.7%) were male and 67/113 (59.3%) were female. Abnormal MPI was found in 58/113 (51.3%) patients. Vit D deficiency was noted in 20/113 (17.7%) patients, insufficiency in 86/113 (76.1%) patients, and normal Vit D was noted in only 7/113 (6.2%) patients. Sixteen of the 20 patients (80%) with Vit D deficiency, and 38/86 (44.2%) with insufficiency had an abnormal MPI SPECT. In contrast, only 1/7 (14.3%) patients with sufficient Vit D levels had an abnormal MPI SPECT. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that ischemia reduced the values of Vit D. Correlation analysis showed a negative association of Vit D levels with SSS (rho = −0.232, p = 0.014) and SRS (rho = −0.250, p = 0.008). Further evaluation with a Vit D cut off 20 ng/mL retrieved no statistical significance. Finally, Vit D and gender were independently associated with myocardial ischemia. Conclusions: Low Vit D levels may represent a risk factor for myocardial ischemia.
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Mohammad, Nabila Sher, Nighat Yasmeen, Zahhara Qazi, and Kalsoom Tariq. "Placental Vitamin D Metabolism as Well as its Relations to Circulating Vitamin D Metabolites in Pregnancies." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169623.
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Background: Uncertainty exists about the impact of placental vit D metabolism on mother's blood levels of vit D in people. Objective: Awareness of placental vit D metabolism and how it affects the amount of vit D metabolites in mother's blood was one of the goals of this investigation. Methods: To take part in a 14-week controlled feeding experiment, 27 third-trimester singleton pregnant women in good health from Hayatabad Medical Complex during Jan 2022 to April 2022. Female trophoblasts in vitro were further treated using Vitamin D3-13C to investigate the synthesis of vit D intermediates. Results: In maternal tissue, there was a substantial connection between 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. These placental metabolites were also closely connected to the corresponding compounds found in maternal circulation. 3-epi-25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and low density lipoprotein-related protein 2 with 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CYP2R1 with 3-epi-25-Hydroxyvitamin D3; Cubilin (CUBN) with 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CYP27B1 with 3-epi-25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and CYP24A1 with 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol all showed positive relationships. Conclusion: Strong relationships between the levels of circulating vit D metabolites in pregnancy and a number of placental markers of vit D metabolism suggest the hypothesis that the profile of vit D metabolites in mother's blood is altered by the placenta. Keywords: 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3), 3-epi-25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (epi-25(OH)D3), CYP2R1, CYP24A1
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Bhargava, Ranjana S., Yue Zhu, Chana Weinstock, Nader Hanna, Katherine Hanna Tkaczuk, Ting Bao, and Saranya Chumsri. "Association between vitamin D deficiency and breast cancer histology: A retrospective database review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.1039.
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1039 Background: Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Inverse association has also been shown between vit D level and tumor size. However, the association between vit D deficiency and breast cancer histology remains unclear. Preclinical data has suggested that vit D plays an essential role in the terminal differentiation of breast cells. Thus, we hypothesize that vit D deficiency would be associated with estrogen receptor-negative tumors, particularly triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) which are associated with aggressive clinical course. Methods: We conducted a retrospective database review to obtain information including age, race, tumor histology, size, stage, and vit D levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center. Results: 150 patients presented between July 2008 and August 2011 were included in this analysis. Average age at diagnosis was 57 (range 30-87), and 56% of patients were African American. Overall, 80% of the patients were vit D deficient at diagnosis, with levels < 30 ng/ml. African-American patients were more likely to be severely vit D deficient with levels < 10 ng/ml compared to Caucasians (33% vs. 7.5%, p= 0.0002). Patients with TNBC were more likely to be vit D deficient at diagnosis compared to hormone receptor-positive patients (93% vs. 76%, p =0.015). These patients also had the lowest mean (18) and median (16) of vit D levels compared to all other patients. This difference is also statistically significant in multivariate analysis when adjusted for age, race, and stage (OR 3.96; p=0.04). Regardless of the ER/PR status, Her 2 negative patients were more vit D deficient compared to Her 2 positive patients (86% vs. 61%, p=0.001). Unlike previous studies, no correlation was seen between tumor size and vit D levels. Furthermore, there is also no association between stage, nodal involvement, or Ki67 and vit D level. Conclusions: Vit D deficiency is common among patients with newly-diagnosed breast cancer, particularly African American patients. Patients with TNBC have a significantly higher likelihood of being vit D deficient than patients with other histological subtypes.
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Christodoulou, S., T. Goula, A. Ververidis, and G. Drosos. "Vitamin D and Bone Disease." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/396541.
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Vitamin D is important for normal development and maintenance of the skeleton. Hypovitaminosis D adversely affects calcium metabolism, osteoblastic activity, matrix ossification, bone remodeling and bone density. It is well known that Vit. D deficiency in the developing skeleton is related to rickets, while in adults is related to osteomalacia. The causes of rickets include conditions that lead to hypocalcemia and/or hypophosphatemia, either isolated or secondary to vitamin D deficiency. In osteomalacia, Vit. D deficiency leads to impairment of the mineralisation phase of bone remodeling and thus an increasing amount of the skeleton being replaced by unmineralized osteoid. The relationship between Vit. D and bone mineral density and osteoporosis are still controversial while new evidence suggests that Vit. D may play a role in other bone conditions such as osteoarthritis and stress fractures. In order to maintain a “good bone health” guidelines concerning the recommended dietary intakes should be followed and screening for Vit. D deficiency in individuals at risk for deficiency is required, followed by the appropriate action.
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Gonzales Chaves, Macarena M. S., Clarisa Marote, Gretel G. Pellegrini, Andrés Pighin, Maria C. de Landeta, Fima Lifshitz, Silvia M. Friedman, Patricia Mandalunis, and Susana N. Zeni. "BONE MASS RECOVERY OF OSTEOPENIC VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENT RATS FROM STRONTIUM RANELATE TREATMENT: DOES THE RESPONSE DEPEND ON VITAMIN D NUTRITIONAL STATUS OR ON SOURCE OF VITAMIN D (D2 VERSUS D3)?" Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 13, no. 03 (September 2010): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957710002582.
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It was investigated if Vitamin D (Vit D) status or source (Vitamin D2 vs. Vitamin D3) interferes with bone mass recovery from strontium ranelate (SrRa) treatment of rats with Vit D insufficiency and established osteopenia. Osteopenic and Vit D insufficient rats were divided in groups to complete a 105-day period. First experiment: The rats were fed with diets that only varied in Vit D (100 vs. 0 IU%) and/or SrRa (0 vs. 900 mg/kg/day) content. A SHAM group received Vit D throughout the experience. Second experiment: Rats were divided into groups and received Vit D2 or Vit D3 through diet and SrRa by gavages in a fasting state. Two SHAM groups received Vit D2 or Vit D3 throughout the study. Results: Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin 25OHD were reduced in groups lacking dietary Vit D (p < 0.001). Independently of Vit D status or source, SrRa did not affect body weight gain or bone alkaline phosphatase levels; osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels were reduced (p < 0.05) and bone Sr content was increased (p < 0.0001). Although no improvement in biomechanical parameters was observed, total skeletal bone mineral content and proximal tibial bone mineral density were increased (p < 0.05). There was a reduction in the trabecular number and an increase in the trabecular surface and bone volume without reaching SHAM levels. Conclusion: This is the first study that examined SrRa effects in an osteopenic vitamin D–insufficient experimental model. Under our experimental conditions, SrRa increased bone Sr content independently of Vit D status or source; however, no evidence of an anabolic or antifracture effect was found, and only a slight decrease in some bone resorption parameters was observed.
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Savolainen, Lauri, Saima Timpmann, Martin Mooses, Luule Medijainen, Lisette Tõnutare, Frederik Ross, Märt Lellsaar, et al. "Vitamin D Supplementation Has No Impact on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but Improves Inflammatory Status in Vitamin D Deficient Young Men Engaged in Resistance Training." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 5302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245302.
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Data on the effect of vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) are conflicting. A possible source of discrepancies in the literature is the heterogeneity in baseline Vit-D status among participants in previous studies. The main objectives of the present study were to assess the impact of Vit-D supplementation on VO2max and inflammatory status in Vit-D deficient young healthy men. Participants (n = 39, baseline serum Vit-D level < 50 nmol/L) were quasi-randomly assigned to one of the two groups, which, in a double-blind manner, supplemented their diet daily with either Vit-D (8000 IU; VD) or placebo (PLC) and concomitantly performed a 12-week supervised resistance training program. During the 12-week intervention, serum Vit-D concentrations increased 3.9-fold (p < 0.001) in the VD group while no changes occurred in the PLC group. Baseline VO2max did not differ in the two groups and remained unchanged during the intervention. Serum interleukin-10/tumour necrosis factor alpha ratio increased significantly (30%, p = 0.007; effect size 0.399) in VD but not in PLC group. In conclusion, 12-week Vit-D supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D levels and improves inflammatory status, but has no impact on VO2max in Vit-D deficient young men engaged in resistance training.
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Boretti, Alberto. "Vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2021.ajomc-p313.
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The review about the influence of vitamin D (Vit D) on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is presented in this article. It has then been suggested that according to its potential impact on immune response and more particularly on the ACE2 pathway Vit D works as a prevention of severe cases, or in combination with other treatments as necessary supplement to improve recovery. While no benefit has been evidenced in having excess Vit D levels, still Vit D levels very likely affect the severity of SARSCoV- 2 infection and it is, therefore recommended to secure Vit D levels up to suggested values.
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Werneke, Ursula, Fiona Gaughran, and David M. Taylor. "Vitamin D in the time of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic – a clinical review from a public health and public mental health perspective." Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 11 (January 2021): 204512532110276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20451253211027699.
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Individuals with serious mental disorders (SMD) may have a higher risk of vitamin D (VIT-D) deficiency. They also experience higher mortality because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Therefore, we have conducted a comprehensive review to examine the significance of VIT-D for public health and public mental health during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This review had three specific aims, from a global perspective to (a) create a profile of VIT-D and review the epidemiology of VIT-D deficiency, (b) explore VIT-D deficiency as risk factor for SMD and COVID-19 infections and (c) examine the effectiveness of VIT-D supplementation for both conditions. We found that, in terms of SMD, the evidence from laboratory and observational studies points towards some association between VIT-D deficiency and depression or schizophrenia. Mendelian randomisation studies, however, suggest no, or reverse, causality. The evidence from intervention studies is conflicting. Concerning COVID-19 infection, on proof of principle, VIT-D could provide a plausible defence against the infection itself and against an adverse clinical course. But data from observational studies and the first preliminary intervention studies remain conflicting, with stronger evidence that VIT-D may mitigate the clinical course of COVID-19 infection rather than the risk of infection in the first place. From a public health and public mental health point of view, based on the currently limited knowledge, for individuals with SMD, the benefits of VIT-D optimisation through supplementation seem to outweigh the risks. VIT-D supplementation, however, should not substitute for vaccination or medical care for COVID-19 infection.
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Mosallanejad, N. S., A. V. Taghavi, M. Saadat, M. Rajaii, and F. Bazarganipour. "Comparison of the Effect of Two Doses of Vitamin D (Vit D-Ca and Vit D-Ca+Vit D) from the 16th Week on Preterm Labor in Pregnant Women." Journal of Clinical Care and Skills 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jccs.1.1.43.
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Das, Sambhunath, Rohit Malhotra, Minati Choudhury, Neeti Makhija, Sandeep Chauhan, and R. Lakhsmy. "Impact of pre-operative vitamin D deficiency on post-operative outcomes in adult cardiac surgery." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 9, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2022.062.
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Pleiotropic effects of Vitamin D (Vit D) on various cell types and causative association in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases is known for ages. Observational studies have successfully linked Vit D deficient states to critical illness and increased ICU morbidity and mortality. The role of preoperative Vit D deficiency on postoperative outcome in cardiac surgery patients is a new horizon for research. A prospective observational cohort study was planned to assess impact of pre-operative Vit D deficiency on post-operative cardiac outcomes in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, Vit D level was assessed in the preoperative period and divided into group I Vit D deficient (<20ng/ml) and group II Vit D sufficient (>20ng/ml). Primary outcome was to study the occurrence of myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) and inotropic requirement. Secondary outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, hospital stay and mortality. Vit D deficiency was associated with increased incidence of arrhythmia (p=0.019), LCOS (0.003) and high inotropic requirements (p=0.001) with no relation to occurrence of MI (p=0.422) and mechanical support (p= 0.114) as compared to the sufficient group. Vit D deficiency was also associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation (p=0.008), ICU (p=0.001) and hospital stay (p=0.00) as compared to other group. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased occurrence of arrhythmia, LCOS and high inotropic requirements. ICU morbidity in the form of increased duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stay was increased in patients with Vit D deficiency.
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Bahrami, Afsane, and Amirhossein Sahebkar. "Vitamin D as a Potential Therapeutic Option in Cancer Treatment: Is There a Role for Chemoprevention?" Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 18 (November 23, 2020): 2138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520620999200729192728.
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Background: Vitamin D (Vit D) serves as a precursor to the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, which regulates numerous genes that control homeostasis, epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Low level of Vit D is implicated in the development and progression of several diseases including bone fractures, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancers. The present review highlights the role of vitamin D in cancer with a particular emphasis on genetic variants related to Vit D metabolism as well as clinical trials of Vit D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected following an electronic search in the Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases by using some keywords such as “cancer”, “tumor”, “malignancy”, “vitamin D”, “cholecalciferol” and “calcitriol”. Results: The collected evidence from the studies revealed a consistent and strong association between Vit D status and cancer risk and survival. The associations between Vit D-related genetic variants and cancer survival support the hypothesis that Vit D may affect cancer outcomes. The mechanisms whereby Vit D reduces cancer risk and increases survival are regulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis as well as decreased angiogenesis in tumor microenvironment and inhibition of metastasis. Conclusion: There is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations for the optimal 25(OH)D levels in patients with cancer and the role of Vit D supplementation for primary or secondary prevention of cancer. Well-designed and sufficiently powered randomized clinical trials are necessary to assess the clinical application of Vit D in enhancing the clinical efficacy of standard and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.
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Yahia, Ramadan, Shereen M. Mohammed, Manal M. Hassanien, Shabaan H. Ahmed, and Helal F. Hetta. "Vitamin D as a Key Player in Modulating Rheumatoid Arthritis-derived Immune Response." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 2453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.4.23.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease with chronic nature of joints related to autoimmunity. Vitamin D was found to modulate cell growth, function of immune cells and anti-inflammatory action. The aims of that study were to investigate serum level of vitamin D and some cytokines and to identify the correlation between vitamin D and these cytokines in RA. Totally 40 RA patients without vitamin D supplement were involved in this study. Serum level of vitamin D, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-35, C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), all of them were measure in all patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients were classified according to Vitamin D levels into two groups; RA patients with Vit. D deficiency (n=25) and RA patients with Vit. D sufficiency (n=15). IL-6 was lower significantly (P = 0.03) in RA patients with Vit. D sufficiency than RA patients with Vit. D deficiency. IL-10 and IL-35 were higher significantly (P = 0.0234, P = 0.0356 respectively) in RA patients with Vit. D sufficiency than RA patients with Vit. D deficiency. Vit. D was significantly positively correlated with both IL-10 (r = 0.4516, P = 0.0034) and IL-35 (r = 0.3424, P = 0.0329) and negatively correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.3188, P = 0.0479). Sufficient serum level of Vit. D is correlated with higher level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-35) and lower level of IL-6. This support the immunomodulatory effect of Vit. D in RA.
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Ebarb, Sara, Kari Saddoris-Clemons, Kathryn Price, James Jolliff, and Sabrina Williams. "188 Effects of an antioxidant support technology and vitamin E on growth performance of naturally health-challenged nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.193.
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Abstract The effects of an antioxidant support technology (AOX, Promote® AOX™; Provimi, Brookville, OH) in diets with different levels of vitamin E (VIT-E) were evaluated. A total of 1,848 naturally health-challenged (determined by ~2% higher than the yearly average barn mortality) pigs (~19 d of age; 5.9 ± 0.4 kg), 14 pens/treatment, and 22 pigs/pen were housed in two barns which were blocked separately by pen location and randomly allocated to treatments. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with three levels of AOX (0, 0.02, 0.13%) and two levels of VIT-E (35 or 100 IU/kg). Pen weights were obtained on d 0, 7, 21, and 40 post-weaning. Growth performance and mortalities and removals were evaluated. Constructed contrasts were: 0 vs additional AOX (aggregate effect of 0.02 and 0.13 AOX), 0.02 vs 0.13 AOX, 35 vs 100 VIT-E, and all possible interactions. Overall (d 0 to 40), interactions were observed (P < 0.05) between additional AOX and VIT-E level for d 40 BW (35 VIT-E: 22.0, 22.3, 22.8 kg; 100 VIT-E: 23.0, 22.8, 22.3 kg), ADG (35 VIT-E: 0.39, 0.40, 0.42 kg/d; 100 VIT-E: 0.42, 0.41, 0.40 kg/d), ADFI (35 VIT-E: 0.52, 0.52, 0.54 kg/d; 100 VIT-E: 0.55, 0.54, 0.52 kg/d, and return over feed cost (ROFC; 35 VIT-E: $27.16, 27.62, 28.29; 100 VIT-E: $28.83, 28.31, 27.50). Additionally, interactions were observed (P < 0.05) between AOX level, when increased from 0.02 to 0.13%, and VIT-E level for ADG, ADFI, ROFC, and probability for mortality and removals (35 VIT-E: 10.4, 13.6, 6.5%; 100 VIT-E: 8.4, 10.0, 9.7%). Level of AOX or VIT-E did not impact cost/kg of gain or feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Including AOX in 35 IU/kg VIT-E diets improved growth performance parameters and reduced probability for mortality and removals, but not in diets containing 100 IU/kg VIT-E.
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Aung, K. T. Z. M. "AB0180 VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION ON DISEASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1390.1–1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.239.
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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with unknown etiology that primarily affects the peripheral joints and, over time, leads to loss of mobility if untreated.1 The prevalence of RA in Myanmar was 1.3% in 2004.2 According to Rheumatology outpatient clinic records of Mandalay General Hospital, there were 402 old patients and 104 new RA patients in 2017 and 453 old patients and 102 new RA patients attending in 2018. In addition to the main effects of vitamin D (vit D) on bone and calcium metabolism, it has other roles in the body, including modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and reduction of inflammation .3 Due to difference in ethnic origins and geographical distribution, the results may be varied when it is done in sunshine rich area such as Myanmar. In the present study, vitamin D supplementation on the disease activity of RA by DAS28 was determined.Objectives:1.To compare DAS28 score before and 12 weeks after vitamin D loading dose supplementation in RA patients with vitamin D deficiency2.To compare DAS28 score before and 12 weeks after vitamin D 1000 IU per day supplementation in RA patients with normal serum vitamin D levelMethods:58 patients with RA attending to medical unit I, II, III and Rheumatology outpatient clinic of Mandalay General Hospital were recruited. Disease activity was assessed according to DAS28. Patients with DAS28 ≥ 2.6 were assessed for serum vitamin D status. Those with vitamin D level < 20 ng/ml were defined as vitamin D deficient and vitamin D35, 000 IU per day for 8 weeks, then 1, 000 IU per day for 4 weeks were given orally for a total of 12 weeks duration. Patients with normal Vit D level (≥ 20 ng/ml) were provided with Vit D 1000 IU per day for 12 weeks.Results:Before 12 weeks of Vit D supplementation, 53.45% of patients with RA (2 male and 29 female) were Vit D deficient and 46.55% of patients (1 male and 26 female) had normal serum Vit D level. The largest age group was between 46-55 years in both groups which comprised 41.38% of patients. In patients with Vit D deficiency, mean serum Vitamin D level was 10.32 ± 4.26 ng/ml and, in patients with normal Vit D level, mean serum Vitamin D level was 36.51 ± 17.76 ng/ml.After 12 weeks of Vit D supplementation, out of 31 patients with Vit D deficiency, serum Vit D level of 23 patients became ≥ 20 ng/ml although only 3 patients were still Vit D deficient. Both groups showed improvement in clinical and biochemical parameters such as VAS, ESR, tender and swollen joint counts.Before 12 weeks, more than 40% of patients had high or moderate disease activity in each group. After 12 weeks of Vit D supplementation, in Vit D deficient group, most patients (54.84%) had disease remission and 22.58% of patients were found to have moderate disease activity. Disease activity of 19.35% of patients became low. Only one patient had high disease activity.After 12 weeks of Vit D supplementation, in Vit D normal group, disease activity of most patients (48.15%) became low and 33.33% had remission. 18.52% of patients with RA were found to have moderate disease activity. No patient had high disease activity.Although there was no correlation between serum Vit D level and DAS28, DAS28 score was significantly decreased from 5.27 to 2.79 (P0.0000) after 12 weeks of Vit D loading dose supplementation in RA patients with Vit D deficiency. Similarly, DAS28 score of RA patients with normal Vit D level was significantly decreased from 5.04 to 2.71 (P0.0000) after 12 weeks of Vit D 1000 IU supplementation.Conclusion:The present study revealed that Vitamin D supplementation was effective in reducing disease activity in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. These findings may be helpful in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.References:[1]oung, A. & Koduri, G. (2007) Extra-articular manifestations and complications of Rheumatoid arthritis,Best Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology. 21, 907–927.[2]Chit-Soe, Tracy-Sein, San-San-Myint-Aung, Pye-Phyo & Ei-Ei-Khin. (2006b) The burden of common musculoskeletal conditions in Myanmar,Proceedings of 52ndMyanmar Medical Conference. 42–43.[3]Bikle, D.(2009) Nonclassic actions of vitamin D.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism. 94, 26–34.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Dashputra, Amruta V., Rupesh T. Badwaik, Archana S. Borker, Amit P. Date, and Priyanka Survase. "Vitamin D: prescription audit in tertiary health care centre." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 9 (August 22, 2017): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20173737.
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Background: Vitamin-D is critically important for development, growth and maintenance of health of human being. Many evidences show association between vit-D deficiency and several serious health conditions. Data collection on use of drugs is being obtained with the aim of optimizing drug therapy. So far till date only few studies about prescription pattern of vit-D have been found. Hence it is very important to do audit of prescriptions of vit-D. The aim of the study is to provide concise and updated information about the use of vit-D in tertiary care hospital and to record demographic details of patients.Methods: After ethical approval, this cross sectional study was conducted at tertiary health centre. Patient and drug data (name of drug, dose, dosage form and route of administration) was collected from the patient’s prescriptions in OPD.Results: Highest prescriptions of vit-D were found in orthopedic department (22% of total prescriptions of that department). Prescribing percentage of vit-D in medicine department was 4.6%, dermatology 1.5% and in psychiatry 0.8% of total prescriptions. Prescriptions of vit-D in combination with calcium were found in orthopedics (52%), medicine (7%) and obstetrics and gynecology (10%) departments.Conclusions: Highest prescriptions of vit-D alone and with calcium found in orthopedic department. Periodic therapeutic audit is necessary to rationalise the use of vit D.
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Gao, Yanyu, Dan Luo, Qiong Wang, and Juan Lin. "Calcium and vitamin D supplementation in pre-eclampsia: Analysis of effectiveness and safety." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 20, no. 5 (January 26, 2022): 1055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v20i5.24.
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Purpose: To evaluate the impact of calcium and vitamin D (vit D) supplementation initiated at early pregnancy in high-risk women on reduction of preeclampsia risk.
Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 492 pregnant women who had experienced pre-eclampsia or eclampsia in their current pregnancy (high risk) and were either on calcium (1000 mg/day) as well as vit D (400 IU/day) supplementation at early pregnancy or none. All the included pregnant women received standard doses of calcium (1500 mg/day) and vit D (600 IU/day) supplementation post 20 gestation weeks till childbirth. The primary outcome was pre-eclampsia characterized by hypertension as well as proteinuria.
Results: From March 10, 2015 to February 24, 2018, each of the 246 pregnant women were assigned to the calcium/vit D group versus control group with no calcium/vit D. In the calcium/vit D group, 26.45 % developed preeclampsia compared to 32.11 % in control group with a Risk ratio [RR] of 0.82 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.08; p 0.167). No serious adverse events were related to calcium or vit D.
Conclusion: Calcium/vit D supplementation during early pregnancy did not demonstrate any significant reduction in pre-eclampsia. Large, high-quality studies with higher patient numbers are needed for adequate testing of impact of calcium/vit D on pre-eclampsia.
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Zavala, Kathryn, Sima Amin, Rene Chun, Robert Modlin, Martin Hewison, John Adams, and Philip Liu. "Mycobacterium leprae infection disrupts the vitamin D-mediated antibacterial response (INM3P.362)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2015): 127.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.127.3.
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Abstract Leprosy is a debilitating disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae (mLEP). Patients diagnosed with leprosy present on a spectrum of disease characterized by disseminated lepromatous leprosy (L-lep) at one end and self-limiting tuberculoid leprosy (T-lep) at the other end. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of the vitamin D (vit D) system in mediating the antibacterial response to mycobacterial infection; however, it is not understood how dysregulation of the vit D system contributes to disease outcomes. The present study investigates the factors that regulate vit D metabolism and activation in leprosy. Monocytes were infected with mLEP and analyzed for vit D system gene expression and metabolism. In contrast to stimulation with synthetic toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand, mLEP infection did not induce production of the biologically active form of vit D. Furthermore, gene expression of activating enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and vit D receptor (VDR) were not induced by infection. Conversely, treatment with irradiated mLEP induced expression of CYP27B1 and VDR. This suggests that infection does not stimulate the vit D intracrine system in the same manner described for TLR2-sensing of mycobacterial peptides. Instead, infection triggers mechanisms that repress vit D metabolism. Moreover, mLEP-infected T-lep-associated macrophages are resistant to this repression. This study highlights the role of the vit D system in the host response to mLEP infection.
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BECK, DEBRA L. "Consider Vit. D Supplementation in Teens." Pediatric News 44, no. 8 (August 2010): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(10)70381-7.
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Tacyildiz, Nurdan, Gulsah oktay Tanyildiz, Deniz Tekin, Can Ates, Handan Dincaslan, Gulsan Yavuz, Emel Unal, et al. "Vitamin D levels in patients with childhood cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e20000-e20000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e20000.
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e20000 Background: There is increasing interest in the possible association between cancer incidence and vitamin D through its role as a regulator of cell growth and differentiation. Although there are several studies related cancer risk and prognosis of cancer, related vit D levels in adult patients there are only few recent studies in pediatric patients. Methods: Between 2010 and 2011, D Vit levels of 45 patients (25 boys, 20 girls; age range: 6 months-17 years, median: 11 years) have been compared to D Vit levels of 22 healthy children with similar age group. Patient groups were leukemias, lymphomas, bone tumors, retinoblastoma (RB), and other tumors. Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman nonparametric correlations test of SPSS has been used for statistics. Results: Although there was no statistically significant difference for vit D levels between control group (range: 7.2-22.8; median: 14.75 ng/ml) and patients (range: 5.5-40.2; median: 16.0 ng/ml),difference between patients groups were significant (Table). Patients with RB have statistically lower level of Vit D than leukemia (p:0.016) and lymphoma groups ( p: 0.047). “Other tumors group” has lower vit D levels than leukemia group (p: 0.024). Since RB and other tumors group have younger age than other patients, Spearsman’s nonparametric correlation has been performed to exclude age effect on the results and no statistically significant correlation between D vit levels and age (p: 0.779) was found, although there was an inverse correlation between age and vit D levels in patient group (p: 0.03). Conclusions: According to our preliminary results, most of the patients and healthy children have low level of Vit D. Especially patients with RB have statistically significant lower level of Vit D than other malignancies which can be subject to future studies for confirmation of our results. In addition, etiologic studies related RB may have a new area. [Table: see text]
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Fabrazzo, Michele, Salvatore Agnese, Salvatore Cipolla, Matteo Di Vincenzo, Emiliana Mancuso, Antonio Volpicelli, Francesco Perris, et al. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk Factors Related to Acute Psychiatric Relapses in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders: A Preliminary Study." Brain Sciences 12, no. 8 (July 24, 2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12080973.
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Previous studies have indicated that vitamin (Vit) D deficiency is frequent in psychiatric patients, regardless of diagnostic category. We aimed to assess whether acute psychiatric relapses in inpatients was associated with Vit D deficiency compared to stabilized outpatients. The cohort (152 total patients, 75 males and 77 females) had a mean age of 47.3 ± 14.4 years at admission and was grouped according to psychiatric diagnosis. Psychopathological symptom severity was assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), a multidimensional symptom inventory. Total calcium serum levels were measured using standard laboratory methods, while plasma levels of 25-OH-Vit D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured by automated chemiluminescence immunoassays. The psychiatric inpatient subgroup showed a significant difference in serum levels of 25-OH-Vit D and PTH (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis between serum levels of 25-OH-Vit D and BPRS total and subitem scores indicated a significantly negative relationship. In addition, linear regression analysis evidenced that the inpatient condition might predict low PTH and 25-OH-Vit D serum levels. Hospitalized psychiatric patients are at increased risk for Vit D deficiency regardless of their diagnostic categories. The mechanism underlying the association between acute psychiatric relapses and Vit D deficiency remains unclear. Therefore, screening for Vit D deficiency should pertain to the health assessment of patients with major psychiatric disorders.
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Dickerson, Roland N., Stephen C. Turner, Whitney L. Holmes, Edward T. Van Matre, Joseph M. Swanson, Saskya Byerly, Dina M. Filiberto, and Peter E. Fischer. "Reduction in Hypercalcemia Following Readjustment of Target Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Concentration during Cholecalciferol Therapy in Vitamin D-Deficient Critically Ill Patients." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081650.
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The intent of this study was an evaluation of our effort to reduce the incidence of hypercalcemia in critically ill vitamin D-deficient patients with multiple traumatic injuries given cholecalciferol. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration (25-OH vit D) of <20 ng/mL. Adult patients (>17 years of age) were given 10,000 IU of cholecalciferol daily with an intended target 25-OH vit D of >19.9 ng/mL. These patients were compared to a historical control group that underwent therapy with a higher target of >29.9 ng/mL. Patients received cholecalciferol via the feeding tube along with enteral nutrition (EN) until the target 25-OH vit D was achieved, EN discontinued, the nutrition support service signed off the patient, or the patient was discharged from the TICU. Patients were included if two consecutive weekly 25-OH vit D were measured. One hundred and three critically ill trauma patients were retrospectively studied. Fifty were given cholecalciferol therapy with the new lower target 25-OH vit D, and 53 were from a historical cohort aiming for the higher target. Hypercalcemia (serum ionized calcium concentration > 1.32 mmol/L) was reduced from 40% (21 out of 53 patients) to 4% (2 out of 50 patients; p < 0.001). None of the hypercalcemic patients were symptomatic. Readjustment of target 25-OH vit D concentration resulted in a ten-fold decrease in the rate of hypercalcemia and improved the safety of cholecalciferol therapy for critically ill patients with traumatic injuries.
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Gupta, Amit, and Sachin Kumar. "Correlation of vitamin D level with its related biochemical parameters and impact of different treatment regimens on their correction." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20205511.
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Background: Vit D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is produced when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vit D synthesis. Aims and Objectives of the study were to find out the correlation of vit D level with its related biochemical parameters and impact of two different treatment regimens on their correction. Methods: A total of 107 patients were followed up out of which 89 were vit D deficient and rest were vit D insufficient. Results: Mean age of the patients was 6.11±4.49 and males comprised 66%. Mean BMI of children included in group A, B and C was 19.40±2.69, 19.60±3.18 and 20.95±3.72 kg/m2 respectively. Vit D levels at baseline had a significant inverse correlation with ALP (r=-0.27, p value=0.008). Before and after comparison of mean serum calcium levels revealed significant improvement in both the treatment groups. Severity of vit D deficiency, at baseline, 9.10, 77.30 and 13.60% of patients had vit D levels of less than 5, 5 to 15 and more than 15 for group A respectively. In group B at baseline, 6.70, 71.10 and 22.20% of patients had vit D levels of less than 5, 5 to 15 and more than 15 respectively.Conclusions: Present study found that 60,000 IU/week and dose of 2000 IU/day for infants or 5000 IU/day for 1 to 18 years of age, along with 500 to 800 mg oral calcium for 6 to 8 weeks can result in correction of vit D deficiency.
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Muresan, Giorgiana Corina, Mihaela Hedesiu, Ondine Lucaciu, Sanda Boca, and Nausica Petrescu. "Effect of Vitamin D on Bone Regeneration: A Review." Medicina 58, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101337.
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Background and Objectives: Vitamin D (Vit. D) is known for its role in the skeletal system. Vit. D deficiency is also widely researched for its effects on the healing of fractures, bone defects, and osseointegration of implants. In the literature, there are studies that investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Vit. D to reduce Vit. D deficiency, but increasing the serum level of this vitamin takes time. Therefore, an attempt has been made to combat the effect of Vit. D deficiency through topical applications. The aim of this article was to conduct a review of the existing bibliographic data that investigate the effect of Vit. D on bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out this review, an electronic search was made in several databases and the articles found were selected and analyzed. Results: The in vitro studies’ results demonstrated that Vit. D has a high therapeutic potential by enhancing the differentiation of stem cells in osteoblasts. Human and animal studies were conducting using various methods, but most of them revealed that Vit. D has a positive influence on the process of bone regeneration. Conclusions: The overall results of the research showed that, indeed, Vit. D is beneficial for bone regeneration; however, most of the studies imply that a thorough research is still needed for finding the most effective mode of administration and the dose needed in order to achieve the desired effect.
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Maayah, Zaid, Ti Zhang, Marcus Forrest, Samaa Alrushaid, Michael Doschak, Neal Davies, and Ayman El-Kadi. "DOX-Vit D, a Novel Doxorubicin Delivery Approach, Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation by Inducing Apoptosis While Inhibiting Akt and mTOR Signaling Pathways." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10030144.
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Doxorubicin (DOX) is a very potent and effective anticancer agent. However, the effectiveness of DOX in osteosarcoma is usually limited by the acquired drug resistance. Recently, Vitamin D (Vit-D) was shown to suppress the growth of many human cancer cells. Taken together, we synthesized DOX-Vit D by conjugating Vit-D to DOX in order to increase the delivery of DOX into cancer cells and mitigate the chemoresistance associated with DOX. For this purpose, MG63 cells were treated with 10 µM DOX or DOX-Vit D for 24 h. Thereafter, MTT, real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to determine cell proliferation, genes and proteins expression, respectively. Our results showed that DOX-Vit D, but not DOX, significantly elicited an apoptotic signal in MG63 cells as evidenced by induction of death receptor, Caspase-3 and BCLxs genes. Mechanistically, the DOX-Vit D-induced apoptogens were credited to the activation of p-JNK and p-p38 signaling pathway and the inhibition of proliferative proteins, p-Akt and p-mTOR. Our findings propose that DOX-Vit D suppressed the growth of MG63 cells by inducing apoptosis while inhibiting cell survival and proliferative signaling pathways. DOX-Vit D may serve as a novel drug delivery approach to potentiate the delivery of DOX into cancer cells.
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Khoury, John, Sruthi Jinna, Ali Sahlieh, Rebecca Chacko, David Macari, Ishmael A. Jaiyesimi, and Marianne T. Huben. "Vitamin D status and survival in patients with triple negative breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18210-e18210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18210.
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e18210 Background: Although many studies have investigated the association of blood 25OH-vitamin D (vit-D) levels with breast cancer prognosis, the results have been mixed. It has been suggested that low vit-D concentrations were associated with advanced tumor stage and triple-negative (TNBC) subtype. We retrospectively investigated associations of serum vit-D levels with triple negative breast cancer outcome. Methods: Out of 797 cases of TNBC diagnosed at William Beaumont Hospital between 2006-2017, 163 patients had vit-D level available within 1 year prior to diagnosis. Analyses of vit-D levels was classified by 3 cut points (deficient, < 20.0 ng/mL; insufficient, 20.0-29.9 ng/mL; sufficient, ≥30.0 ng/mL). Primary outcomes are disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). SPSS statistics 25 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Median age of diagnosis of TNBC was 60. Of these patients 43.6% were diagnosed with stage I, 37.4% at stage II, 4.9% at stage III and 4.9% at stage IV. 47.2% of the patients had sufficient vit-D level prior to diagnosis, 28.2% with insufficient vit-D level and 24.5% with deficient vit-D. Vit-D deficiency was more prevalent in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women (33.3%, 41% and 25.6% in premenopausal women for deficient, insufficient and sufficient levels respectively vs 21.8%, 24.2% and 54% in postmenopausal women). Rates of Vit-D deficiency were not different between early disease and advanced disease (24.3% of patient with stage I-II vs 25% in patients with stage III-IV). Median OS and disease-free survival were not statistically different among the 3 different categories. 5-year OS was 91%, 91% and 85% for deficient, insufficient and sufficient levels respectively. 5-year DFS was 93%, 95% and 95% for deficient, insufficient and sufficient levels respectively. Multivariate COX regression analysis demonstrated that age and stage were associated with mortality, whereas vit-D level was not. Conclusions: The results from this study show that adequate vit-D level do not have an impact on OS and DFS in patients with triple negative breast cancer. Premenopausal women are more likely to have inadequate vit-D level. Identification and treatment of vitamin D deficiency is still important for musculoskeletal health and possibly extraskeletal health in general population and breast cancer survivors specifically.
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Roy Choudhury, Jayati, Debasmita Bandyopadhyay, Kheya Mukherjee, and Debojyoti Bhattacharjee. "A clinical registry of multisystemic presentation of hypovitaminosis D in hospital attendees in Kolkata." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i1.39826.
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Background: Vitamin D (Vit D) is a steroid hormone essential for maintaining functional homeostasis in the body. Hypovitaminosis D has been a recognized worldwide problem affecting all age groups and sex. Its prevalence is very high in South Asia. Aims and Objectives: Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the spectrum of presentation of biochemical levels of hypovitaminosis D in Indian population in terms of age, sex, and multisystemic disorders. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out on selective study population attending a tertiary care hospital from July 2019 to December 2020 with clinical presentations suspected to arise due to Vit D deficiency. Serum 25OH Vit D level was estimated by chemiluminescence method. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8. Results: Of the study population (n = 685), average serum 25(OH)D level in females and males was 24.13 ng/ml and 28.59 ng/ml, respectively. Significant difference in mean value of Vit D existed in males and females in the 21–40 years age group (p = 0.0048). Females in the Vit D deficient group (Vit D level<20) mostly presented with mastalgia (20.45%), low back pain (17.61%), and joint pain (11.36%). Common clinical presentation in males with Vit D levels less than 20 ng/ml was diabetes mellitus without CKD (18.34%), non-diabetic CKD (19.27%), and low back pain (16.51%). Conclusion: Low Vit D levels manifest itself as signs and symptoms involving various multisystemic disorders involving different age groups in both sexes. Early recognition and replacement can prevent the progress of complications which Vit D deficiency makes us prone to develop.
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Mahan, Susan, Kathryn Ackerman, Rachel DiFazio, Patricia Miller, Lanna Feldman, Nicholas Sullivan, Michael Glotzbecker, and Ingrid A. Holm. "Retrospective study of patterns of vitamin D testing and status at a single institution paediatric orthopaedics and sports clinics." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e047546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047546.
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Objective(s)There has been a recent increase in awareness of the importance of bone health in children treated by paediatric orthopaedic and sports medicine providers. The purpose of this study was to assess our utilisation of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)Vit D) testing in the past 10 years, and to evaluate the level of 25(OH)Vit D sufficiency in various populations of patients seen.DesignThis is a single site, retrospective medical record review study.SettingThe study took place at a single large, private, paediatric level 1 trauma teaching hospital in the Northeast USA.ParticipantsOur internal medical records query system identified all patients who have had 25(OH)Vit D testing in the past 10 years, from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018. All patients included were seen on an outpatient basis at our Orthopaedic clinics.InterventionsNo interventions for strict research, however, eligible patients have had 25(OH)Vit D testing during their standard of care treatment.Main outcome measure(s)The varying number of 25(OH)Vit D testing that occurred over the study time period within Orthopaedic groups, and by Vit D levels as sufficient, insufficient and deficient. 25(OH)Vit D sufficiency was ≥30 ng/mL, insufficiency <30 ng/mL and deficiency were <20 ng/mL. Patients were stratified and analysed.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2018, there were 4426 patients who had 25(OH)Vit D testing. Vitamin D testing increased significantly (p<0.001) in the past 10 years. 43% of patients had sufficient 25(OH)Vit D levels, 41% had insufficient levels and 15% had deficient levels.ConclusionMore frequent testing has led to an increased identification of patients with insufficient and deficient 25(OH)Vit D levels. We found over 50% of patients tested were found to have 25(OH)Vit D levels under 30 ng/mL. There should be an increased awareness of patients with orthopaedic problems who may present with 25(OH) insufficiency.
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Gilmore, C., J. James, B. Zubal, D. Thomas, and B. Tan. "Vitamin D deficiency, incidence, and response to oral supplementation among various gastrointestinal malignancies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 9586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9586.
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9586 Background: Vitamin (vit) D dficiency is prevalent amongst patients (pts) with colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Data for other GI malignancies are limited and the impact of short-course vit D supplementation is unclear. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective review of 202 pts with GI cancers from 12/2007 to 9/2008 was done to evaluate the incidence of vitamin D deficiency defined as serum 25-OH vit D levels of ≤ 30 ng/ml (severe=<10 ng/ml; moderate=10–20 ng/ml; mild=21–30 ng/ml) and incidence of ‘low-normal' (31–50 ng/ml) and normal (>50 ng/ml) vit D levels. Oral supplementation with vit D at 50,000 ‘u' weekly x 8–12 weeks were done and serum levels were redrawn at 2–3 months for pts with low normal and deficient vit D, respectively. Results: 87.6% of all 202 pts is vit D deficient (61% severe to moderate). (see Table ). 92 pts were re-evaluated after 2–3 months of oral vit D supplementation. Among this cohort, the incidence of pts with vitamin deficiency decreased from 91.3% to 57.6% after first re- evaluation. Severe/moderate deficiency rates also decreased from 71.7% to 13%. There were no significant difference in response between males/females, age < or ≥ 65, caucasian or non-caucasian or tumor type. Conclusions: Vitamin D levels should routinely be evaluated for patients with GI maligancies. Oral supplementation decreases the rate 'any' vit D deficiency from 91% to 57%, and of 'severe to moderate' deficiency from 72% to 13%. Prospective studies on the impact of vit D deficiency and supplementation on various clinical outcomes among patients with GI cancers would improve supportive care management of these patients. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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van Vliet, Stephan, Alan Fappi, Dominic N. Reeds, and Bettina Mittendorfer. "No independent or combined effects of vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids on muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 5 (August 29, 2020): 1382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa240.
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ABSTRACT Background Aging is associated with skeletal muscle anabolic resistance (i.e., reduced muscle protein synthesis during anabolic conditions such as hyperaminoacidemia). The results from studies conducted in cell culture systems and animals suggest that both vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Objectives To conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the independent and combined effects of dietary vitamin D and CLA supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in sedentary older adults. Methods Thirty-two sedentary, older adults were randomized to receive either: 1) 2000 IU vitamin D-3 (Vit D) per day; 2) 4000 mg CLA per day; 3) both Vit D (2000 IU/d) and CLA (4000 mg/d); or 4) placebo for 8 wk. Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were evaluated by using intravenous [ring-2H5]phenylalanine infusion in conjunction with muscle biopsies during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during combined amino acid and insulin infusion before and after the supplementation period. Results Before the intervention, basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were not different among groups (Placebo: 0.033 ± 0.003; Vit D: 0.034 ± 0.002; CLA: 0.029 ± 0.005; Vit D + CLA: 0.038 ± 0.005 %·h-1), and hyperinsulinemia–hyperaminoacidemia increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates by ∼35%. Compared with placebo, neither Vit D nor CLA nor combined Vit D + CLA supplementation affected the basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (placebo: 0.040 ± 0.004%/h; Vit D: 0.044 ± 0.006%/h; CLA: 0.039 ± 0.006%/h; Vit D + CLA: 0.040 ± 0.007%/h) or the hyperinsulinemia–hyperaminoacidemia–induced increase in myofibrillar protein synthesis (percentage increase from basal before and after the interventions: placebo, 30 ± 11 and 36 ± 11; Vit D, 38 ± 8 and 34 ± 10; CLA, 50 ± 14 and 51 ± 16; Vit D + CLA, 29 ± 15 and 35 ± 8). Conclusions Vitamin D and/or CLA supplementation, at the doses provided in our study, does not have muscle anabolic effects in sedentary older adults. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03115775).
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Felehgari, Hamed, Nejat Khiripour, Fereshteh Mehri, Sara Soleimani Asl, Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam, and Akram Ranjbar. "Investigating Preventive Effect of Vitamin D and N-acetylcysteine Against Kidney Injury in Rats Versus the Promotive Effect of Paraquat." Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry 10, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajmb.2022.2375.
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Background: Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most important herbicides used in agriculture. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the preventive effect of vitamin D (Vit D) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against kidney injury in rats versus the promotive effect of PQ. Methods: In this study, rats were divided into six groups. The control group (group 1) received normal saline, Vit D group (group 2) received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of+Vit D (2 μg/kg), NAC group (group 3) received NAC (6.25 mg/kg, IP), PQ group (group 4) received PQ (5 mg/kg/d, IP), PQ+Vit D group (group 5) received PQ+Vit D (5 mg/kg/d+2 μg/kg/d, IP) and PQ+NAC group (group 6) received PQ+NAC (5 mg/kg/d+6.25 mg/kg/d, IP). The animals were treated for 7 consecutive days as a sub-chronic exposure. After the collection of urea and serum creatinine, biomarkers of oxidative stress and kidney histopathology were investigated. Results: PQ increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), urea, and serum creatinine, but it significantly decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiol groups. In the groups treated with Vit D and NAC, it was observed that LPO, urea, and creatinine significantly decrease compared with the PQ group, and TAC, thiol groups, and Vit D levels increased in kidney tissue. Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that both Vit D and NAC used as preventive compound were able to reduce oxidative stress and tissue damage caused by PQ toxicity in the kidney.
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Reinehr, Thomas, Gideon de Sousa, Ute Alexy, M. Kersting, and Werner Andler. "Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in obese children before and after weight loss." European Journal of Endocrinology 157, no. 2 (August 2007): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-07-0188.
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Objective: The roles of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are discussed controversially in obesity, and studies of these hormones in obese children are limited. Therefore, we studied the relationships between PTH, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25-OH Vit D), 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH Vit D), weight status, and insulin sensitivity before and after weight loss in obese children. Methods: Fasting serum PTH, 1,25-OH Vit D, 25-OH Vit D, inorganic phosphate, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), insulin, glucose, and weight status (SDS–BMI and percentage body fat) were determined in 133 obese children (median age 12.1 years) and compared with 23 non-obese children. Furthermore, these parameters were analyzed in 67 obese children before and after participating in a 1-year obesity intervention program. Results: Obese children had significantly (P < 0.001) higher PTH and lower 25-OH Vit D concentrations compared with non-obese children, while calcium, phosphate, AP, and 1,25-OH Vit D did not differ significantly. Changes of PTH (r = 0.23, P = 0.031) and 25-OH Vit D (r = −0.27, P = 0.013) correlated significantly with changes of SDS–BMI, but not with changes of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment; HOMA-B%). Reduction of overweight in 35 children led to a significant (P < 0.01) decrease of PTH concentrations and an increase in 25-OH Vit D levels. Conclusions: PTH levels were positively and 25-OH Vit D concentrations were negatively related to weight status. Since these alterations normalized after weight loss, these changes are consequences rather than causes of overweight. A relationship between PTH, vitamin D, and insulin sensitivity based on the HOMA index was not found in obese children. Further longitudinal clamp studies are neccessary to study the relationship between vitamin D and insulin sensitivity.
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Szychlinska, Marta Anna, Rosa Imbesi, Paola Castrogiovanni, Claudia Guglielmino, Silvia Ravalli, Michelino Di Rosa, and Giuseppe Musumeci. "Assessment of Vitamin D Supplementation on Articular Cartilage Morphology in a Young Healthy Sedentary Rat Model." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061260.
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Deficiency in vitamin D (Vit D) has been widely associated with several musculoskeletal diseases. However, the effects of the exogenous Vit D supplementation are still unclear in the prevention of the latter, especially in the cartilage developmental period. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Vit D supplementation and restriction on the articular cartilage development in healthy young sedentary rats. To this aim, twelve nine-week-old healthy Sprague–Dawley male rats were subjected to Vit D-based experimental diets: R, with a content in Vit D of 1400 IU/kg; R-DS, with a Vit D supplementation (4000 IU/kg); R-DR, with a Vit D restriction (0 IU/kg) for 10 weeks. The morphology, thickness and expression of cartilage-associated molecules such as collagen type II/X, lubricin and Vit D receptor (VDR), were assessed. Histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluations were made on rat tibial cartilage samples. In the present experimental model, restriction of Vit D intake induced: The lower thickness of cartilage compared both to R (p = < 0.0001) and R-DS (p = < 0.0001); reduction of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix (ECM) compared both to R (p = 0.0359) and R-DS (p = < 0.0001); decreased collagen II (Col II) with respect both to R (p = 0.0076) and R-DS (p = 0.0016); increased collagen X (Col X) immunoexpression when compared both to R (p = < 0.0001) and R-DS (p = < 0.0001), confirming data from the literature. Instead, supplementation of Vit D intake induced: Higher cartilage thickness with respect both to R (p = 0.0071) and R-DR (p = < 0.0001); increase of ECM proteoglycan deposition compared both to R (p = 0.0175) and R-DR (p = < 0.0001); higher immunoexpression of lubricin with respect both to R (p = 0.001) and R-DR (p = 0.0008). These results suggest that Vit D supplementation with diet, already after 10 weeks, has a favorable impact on the articular cartilage thickness development, joint lubrication and ECM fibers deposition in a young healthy rat model.
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El-Menyar, Ayman, Ali Rahil, Khalid Dousa, Walid Ibrahim, Talal Ibrahim, Rasha Khalifa, and Mohamed Osman Abdel Rahman. "Low Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males and Females from a Sunny, Rich Country." Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2012): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874192401206010076.
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Background:Low serum vitamin (vit) D levels are common even in sunny countries. We assessed the prevalence and relationship of low vit D with cardiovascular risk factors in Qatar. Methods:Data were collected retrospectively from January 2008 and November 2009. In patients who had low vi t D (< 30 ng/ml ) , demographic and clinical profiles were analyzed and compared in males and females. Results:The overall mean level of vit D among 547 patients was 14.4±11 ng/mL. Among the low vitamin D group, 56% were females (mean age 48±12) and 44% males (mean age 49.6±13). Severely low vit D levels (<10 ng/mL) were found in 231 (46%) patients with mean age of 46±12 years. Compared with females, males with low vitamin D were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (38 vs 22%, p=0.001), dyslipidemia (41 vs 29%, p=0.007), myocardial infarction (5.5 vs 1.5%, p=0.001) and angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) (53 vs 17%, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the presence of low vit D, age and hypertension were independent predictors of CAD (OR 1.07;95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and OR 8.0; 95% CI: 1.67-39.82), respectively. Conclusions:Our study supports the widespread prevalence of low vit D in sunny regions. Low vit D is associated with 3 times increase in the rate of MI among males. Hypertension increases the risk of CAD 8 times in the presence of low vit D regardless of gender.
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Stephenson, Andrea, John C. L. Mamo, Ryusuke Takechi, Mark J. Hackett, and Virginie Lam. "Genetic, environmental and biomarker considerations delineating the regulatory effects of vitamin D on central nervous system function." British Journal of Nutrition 123, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451900268x.
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AbstractStudies show that vitamin D (vit-D) (25(OH)D), the bioactive metabolite (1,25(OH)2D3) and vit-D receptors (vit-D receptor; protein disulphide isomerase, family A member 3) are expressed throughout the brain, particularly in regions pivotal to learning and memory. This has led to the paradigm that avoiding vit-D deficiency is important to preserve cognitive function. However, presently, it is not clear if the common clinical measure of serum 25(OH)D serves as a robust surrogate marker for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis or function. Indeed, recent studies report CNS biosynthesis of endogenous 25(OH)D, the CNS expression of the CYP group of enzymes which catalyse conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3 and thereafter, deactivation. Moreover, in the periphery, there is significant ethnic/genetic heterogeneity in vit-D conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3 and there is a paucity of studies which have actually investigated vit-D kinetics across the cerebrovasculature. Compared with peripheral organs, the CNS also has differential expression of receptors that trigger cellular response to 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolites. To holistically consider the putative association of peripheral (blood) abundance of 25(OH)D on cognitive function, herein, we have reviewed population and genetic studies, pre-clinical and clinical intervention studies and moreover have considered potential confounders of vit-D analysis.
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Sahu, Monali Rajendrakumar. "THE IMPACT OF VIT-D ON SURVIVAL IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 3359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i4.1198.
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Vit-D deficiency (20 ng / mL) and deficiency (20-29 ng / mL) are common side effects in people with chronic disease V or End stage Renal Disease on dialysis. In addition to the lack of exposure to nutrients and sun, reduced Vit-D and body composition, obesity, and racial differences also play a role. In addition, due to a deficiency of 25 (OH) D, serum levels of 1, 25 (OH) 2D decreased over time in CKD patients, as well as non-invasive detection of 25 (OH) D by associated renal cells, increased fibroblast factor -23, and a decrease in functional tissue. Vit-D deficiency causes secondary hyperparathyroidism and associated side effects, such as high hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia, requiring surgical parathyroidectomy or the use of calcimimetics. This document examines the available evidence and underscores the importance of Vit-D supplementation in hemodialysis patients. To assess the strength and critically review the available evidence on impact of Vit-D in survival of hemodialysis patients. Vit-D has a survival advantage in patients with CKD-MBD, however we need randomized controlled trial in hemodialysis patients with matched controls given placebo, to prove benefits of Vit-D in terms of all cause and cause specific mortality.
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Martin, Trombetti, and Stoermann. "Substitutionsbehandlung mit Vitamin D – für welche Patienten und welche Analoga?" Therapeutische Umschau 64, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.64.5.237.
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Die chronische Niereninsuffizienz ist mit einer verminderten Produktion des aktiven Metaboliten des Vit D, 1 alpha, 25 Dihydroxy-Vitamin D assoziiert. Dies hat mehrere Konsequenzen, die nicht nur auf das Skelettsystem beschränkt sind. In der Tat besitzt Vit D verschiedene Wirkungen, die in diesem Review diskutiert werden. Die Substitution des Vit D wird sehr früh bei der Behandlung der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz in Betracht gezogen, dennoch herrscht noch Unsicherheit über die Art der Substitution. Die Rolle der Vit D-Analoga wird in diesem Review betont, wobei Calcitriol und Paricalcitol verglichen werden.
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Sinha, Satyesh K., Ling Sun, Michelle Didero, David Martins, Keith C. Norris, Jae Eun Lee, Yuan-Xiang Meng, et al. "Vitamin D3 Repletion Improves Vascular Function, as Measured by Cardiorenal Biomarkers in a High-Risk African American Cohort." Nutrients 14, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 3331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14163331.
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Background: 25-hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D)-deficiency is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD). African Americans (AAs) suffer disproportionately from CKD and CVD, and 80% of AAs are Vit D-deficient. The impact of Vit D repletion on cardio-renal biomarkers in AAs is unknown. We examined Vit D repletion on full-length osteopontin (flOPN), c-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which are implicated in vascular and kidney pathology. Methods: We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study of high-risk AAs with Vit D deficiency, treated with 100,000 IU Vit D3 (cholecalciferol; n = 65) or placebo (n = 65) every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. We measured kidney function (CKD-EPI eGFR), protein-to-creatinine ratio, vascular function (pulse wave velocity; PWV), augmentation index, waist circumference, sitting, and 24-h-ambulatory blood pressure (BP), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and serum calcium at baseline and study end, and compared Vit D levels with laboratory variables. We quantified plasma FGF-23, PAI-1, and flOPN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple regression analyzed the relationship between log flOPN, FGF-23, and PAI-1 with vascular and renal risk factors. Results: Compared to placebo, Vit D3 repletion increased Vit D3 2-fold (p < 0.0001), decreased iPTH by 12% (p < 0.01) and was significantly correlated with PWV (p < 0.009). Log flOPN decreased (p = 0.03), log FGF-23 increased (p = 0.04), but log PAI-1 did not change. Multiple regression indicated association between log flOPN and PWV (p = 0.04) and diastolic BP (p = 0.02), while log FGF-23 was associated with diastolic BP (p = 0.05), and a trend with eGFR (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Vit D3 repletion may reduce flOPN and improve vascular function in high risk AAs with Vit D deficiency.
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Kim, Da-Seul, Jun Hyuk Kim, Seung-Woon Baek, Jun-Kyu Lee, So-Yeon Park, Bogyu Choi, Tae-Hyung Kim, Kyunghoon Min, and Dong Keun Han. "Controlled vitamin D delivery with injectable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for restoration of tendinopathy." Journal of Tissue Engineering 13 (January 2022): 204173142211220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20417314221122089.
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Tendinopathy is a term used to describe tendon disorders that are marked by pain and a loss of function. Recent studies demonstrated that inflammation plays an important role throughout the broad spectrum of tendinopathy. Conventional treatments such as steroid injections, analgesics, and physical modalities simply give pain relief and do not alter the disease progression without the tendon regeneration effect. Tenocytes are responsible for maintaining the tendon matrix and understanding how they function is essential to studying new treatments for tendinopathy. Our previous study showed the protective effects of vitamin D (Vit D) on damaged tenocytes. Besides its well-known effects on bone metabolism, the non-classical action of Vit D is the pleiotropic effects on modulating immune function. In the present study, we developed a Vit D delivery system with hyaluronic acid (HA), which is one of the major components of the extracellular matrix that has anti-inflammation and wound-healing properties. A novel Vit D delivery system with cross-linked HA hydrogel (Gel) and Tween 80 (T80), Vit D@Gel/T80, could be a new regeneration technique for the treatment of tendinopathy. Vit D@Gel/T80 reduced TNF-α induced damage to human tenocytes in vitro. In an animal study, the Vit D@Gel/T80 injected group demonstrated tendon restoration features. As a result, this Vit D@Gel/T80 system might be a local injection material in the treatment for tendinopathy.
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R Ebrahim, Amal, Mohamed El-Mesery, Amro El-Karef, and Laila A. Eissa. "Vitamin D potentiates anti-tumor activity of 5-fluorouracil via modulating caspase-3 and TGF-β1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma-induced in rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 96, no. 12 (December 2018): 1218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2018-0445.
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We investigated the role of vitamin D (Vit D) alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Fifty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into a control group and 4 groups that received TAA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice per week for 16 weeks. These 4 groups were further divided as follows: HCC group; 5-FU group (75 mg/kg, i.p., once weekly for 3 weeks starting from the 12th week); Vit D group (200 IU/kg daily by oral tube for 16 weeks); and 5-FU + Vit D group (received the previously mentioned dosage regimens of 5-FU and Vit D). HCC was detected by histopathological changes in liver sections and the elevation of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP). Treatment with 5-FU + Vit D significantly decreased gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NrF2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) at both the gene and protein level and serum AFP concentrations in comparison with their corresponding monotherapy. Moreover, 5-FU + Vit D treatment enhanced apoptosis by increasing caspase-3 gene and protein expression. Conclusively, Vit D enhances antitumor activity of 5-FU in an HCC-induced model and improves liver function of treated animals. Combination therapy in a TAA-induced HCC rat model was more effective than 5-FU or Vit D through the modulation of TGF-β1, caspase-3, and NrF2 expressions.