Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Visy Industries'

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are vital components of the earth�s atmosphere, trapping heat around the earth, maintaining temperatures necessary for human existence. Until the Industrial Revolution, these gases existed in a natural equilibrium with the environment. Since that time, anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and land clearing have increased the quantity of GHGs, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), in the earth�s atmosphere. Evidence indicates that global warming is occurring as a result of the additional accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere. International response to climate change resulted in the 1997 development of the Kyoto Protocol. If the Protocol is ratified, developed countries will be legally bound to reduce their GHG emissions in accordance with negotiated emission reduction targets. At the beginning of the year 2001, the Protocol was still to be ratified. With the possibility of future GHG emission restrictions, some Australian companies have started quantifying their GHG emission levels. One such company is Visy Industries, the largest privately owned paper packaging manufacturing company in the world. Visy�s core business is the manufacture of cardboard boxes from recycled paper. As part of its future operations, a kraft pulp and paper mill is presently being built in New South Wales, Australia. The environmental decision support tool, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), was used to quantify Visy�s CO2 and CH4 emissions across the entire life cycle of the Visy paper recycling and virgin papermaking processes. Commercially defined LCA models were developed for both papermaking processes. GHG emissions estimated by each model were compared and the effect of different energy sources, technologies and manufacturing processes on CO2 and CH4 emissions were assessed. The majority of emissions in the two Visy papermaking models were due to fossil fuel derived energy sources and the decomposition of wood fibre in Solid Waste Disposal Sites (SWDSs). Results were used to propose appropriate GHG reduction strategies and business opportunities. GHG reduction strategies included increasing the use of renewable energy, reducing the volume of solid waste rejects sent to SWDS, incinerating solid waste rejects with energy recovery and sourcing steam from third party providers. Proposed GHG business opportunities included increasing the production of Greenpower from the pulp and paper mill for sale to the grid. This thesis is an example of the practical application of current GHG knowledge and LCA methodology that was undertaken in an environment where technical, political and commercial guidelines at both a national and international level were still evolving. Nevertheless, the thesis is not a critical review of LCA methodology. The LCA support tool was able to quantify CO2 and CH4 emissions across the life cycle of the Visy recycling and virgin papermaking processes. The chosen functional unit, the assumptions and exemptions made, and the placement of the system boundaries, were found to be critical to the Visy LCA results.

Gotlands kommun ville skapa ett mer sammanhållet och ordnart intryck av Visbys torghandel, i första hand för Stora torget. Uppdraget gick ut på att formge nya torgstånd som skulle ge ett lugnt och enhetligt intryck. I uppdraget ingick även att se över planlösningen och komma med förslag på lämplig möblering inom det torghandeln. Den sista delen av uppdraget var att se över tillverkningsmöjligheter och hitta lämpliga producenter, gärna med förankring till Gotland. Jag har samarbetat tillsammans med en intressegrupp för att på ett enkelt sätt kunna få feedback under processens gång. Det har varit ett omfattande projekt med många olika intressenter med varierande åsikter, men jag tror mig ha skapat ett torgstånd som uppfyller de flesta önskemål och krav som projektet innefattar.

Gotland Municipality wanted to create a more cohesive and arranged impression of Visby´s market trading, primarily in the town square. The assignment was to design new market stalls which would provide a calm and uniform appearance. The commission also included to review the layout and make suggestions for suitable layouts in the area for the market trading on Market Square. The last part of the mission was to look at manufacturing opportunities and find appropriate producers. I have worked together with an reference group in order to get feedback during the process.This project with many different stakeholders with different opinions, but I believe I have created market stalls that meet most needs and requirements that the project involves.

L'objectif principal de ce travail est de proposer des outils pour une nouvelle gouvernance du risque industriel majeur et du territoire péri-industriel concerné. Pour ce, il est proposé une méthodologie d'aide à la réflexion à destination des décideurs publics locaux. Celle-ci repose sur une étude de la vulnérabilité du territoire péri-industriel. Cette vulnérabilité se compose de 3 dimensions : les deux premières sont liées à l'occurrence d'un accident et à ses conséquences potentielles, la troisième est liée à la pérennité de ce territoire spécifique et aux conséquences que pourraient induire les mesures d'atténuation envisageables des deux premières dimensions de la vulnérabilité. Cette méthodologie a été testée sur un territoire péri-industriel à proximité de Saint-Etienne. Nous proposons ensuite l'utilisation de l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité dans le cadre d'une démarche de concertation comme le propose la loi du 30 juillet 2003. Cette démarche participative doit permettre l'émergence des intérêts de tous les acteurs (forts, faibles ou absents) concernés. Et amener le décideur local à prendre des décisions respectueuses du développement durable du territoire dont il a la responsabilité.

La connaissance du pouvoir épurateur des sols, mis en jeu dans les différentes filières d'assainissement des eaux usées, est primordiale afin d'éviter tous risques de contamination de l'environnement. Sur six matériaux naturels de l'île de la Réunion (scories, sables basaltiques, pouzzolane, sable corallien), a été déterminée la capacité d'épuration vis-à-vis de la charge organique globale, des matières en suspension, de l'azote, du phosphore et des germes pour une charge d'application d'assainissement autonome de 50 litres par m2 et par jour d'effluents domestiques. Une analyse de la microfaune épuratrice a été effectuée. Un deuxième essai à charge élevée (100 litres par m2 et par jour) a ensuite été réalisé sur quatre des matériaux précédents (les sables basaltique et corallien et les deux scories. ) Pour l'ensemble des matériaux, d'excellents rendements d'épuration ont été obtenus. Cependant, à charge de percolation importante, un colmatage des sables a été mis en évidence. Un troisième essai portant sur le pouvoir de rétention des quatre matériaux vis-à-vis de quatre métaux lourds (Cu, Cd, Zn cationiques) et Cr (anionique)), montre que ce processus est important. La fixation des éléments métalliques se situe principalement dans la couche superficielle. Toutefois, la présence de ces métaux modifie considérablement les mécanismes usuels d'épuration des eaux usées domestiques. (Doc Thèses)

L'activite in vitro, des agents chimiotherapeutiques (amoxicilline, doxycycline, josamycine et metronidazole) administrables per os et d'usage courant en odontostomatologie, a ete evaluee en micro methode par determination des cmi et des cmb, sur des bacteries a potentiel parodontopathique. Ces antimicrobiens ont ete egalement testes sur les streptocoques (y compris pneumocoques) hemolytiques les plus abondants de l'ecosysteme buccal. L'amoxicilline montre une activite inhibitrice sur la totalite des germes etudies, la doxycyline, agit sur les bacteries associees aux parodontites, mais s'avere inactive sur 50% de la flore streptococcique. La josamycine se revele plus active sur cette derniere et apparait sans action sur e. Corrodens et les actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (espece dominante dans les sites actifs de parodontite juvenile et d'autres formes de parodontites). Le metronidazole inactif sur les streptocoques se revele surtout efficace vis-a-vis des anaerobies stricts. Des associations souvent synergiques entre la doxycycline et la josamycine, et entre l'amoxicilline et la doxycycline, ont ete observees vis-a-vis de la plupart des micro-organismes testes. L'association de l'amoxicilline et de la josamycine montre frequemment une simple additivite. Des associations du metronidazole a l'amoxicilline, a la josamycine, ou a la doxycyline revelent souvent des spectres complementaires et une activite synergique. De telles interactions pourraient se reveler valables pour le traitement des parodontites, des infections mixtes, et d'autres infections selectives telles que les endocardites. Parmi les associations testees, l'interaction entre le metronidazole semble d'un grand interet. Elle montre une activite complementaire et synergique sur les bacteries a potentiel parodontopathique et semble proteger l'ecosysteme buccal du fait de l'inactivite du metronidazole sur les streptocoques, dont seul 50% se revelent sensibles a le doxycycline

This research examines direct and indirect mode of export in sub-Saharan Africa through a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis. We use firm-level data from 38 sub-Saharan Africa countries to test the theoretical findings. The first chapter analyzes a manufacturing firm that chose to export but faced with the discrete decision of choosing a mode of export. The firm weighs between exporting directly and indirectly. We investigate the factors that affect a firm's decision and compare the payoff in each scenarios viz., direct and indirect exports. We formulate a theoretical model for a single firm that can successfully choose from either export channels under various circumstances. Further, we compare the profits under either modes of export. We find that the profit of using direct export mode improves as a firm becomes more efficient, in which case the difference between the profits from using direct and indirect mode gets larger. Our empirical findings show similar relationships. The results also indicate that factors such as size of the firm, being a subsidiary of a multi-plant firm and access to information technology affect the choice to become direct exporter positively. On the other hand, a firm's increased perceptions of obstacles to current operation in the forms of lack of access to finance and corruption are associated with decreased probability of becoming direct-exporter. The second chapter's primary goal is to investigate the oligopolistic interdependence between direct and indirect exporters in the presence of government subsidy. It makes one main assumption that is government subsidy provision targets only direct exporters. In our analysis, we present the effects of pre-determined subsidy and subsidy as a function of levels of inefficiency of both mode exporters and competition between direct exporters. We find that the socially optimal subsidy is negative implying that the chosen policy instrument is a tax on the direct exporters. For both pre-determined and endogenous subsidy, we find that the level of efficiency of the firm affects export decision positively in either direct or indirect-mode exporters' cases. While, the efficiency level of one type mode exporter negatively affects the output of the other mode exporter. We also find that the indirect exporter's level of inefficiency positively affects optimal subsidy provision to the direct exporters, if the indirect exporter has a large market share. We find empirical evidence that support our theoretical findings. In the last chapter, we investigate the interdependence between the direct and indirect export modes of exporters by including domestic sales. Both our theoretical and empirical results indicate that level of exports and domestic sales are directly related to level of efficiency (or inversely related to inefficiency of the firm). However, level of cross-efficiency affects export and domestic sales negatively for both direct and indirect exporters. The empirical test also reveals that domestic sales and either forms of export sales are substitutes; change in domestic sales has a negative effect on both direct export and indirect export sales.

La gestion actuelle des eaux usées industrielles présente des problématiques diverses, malgré les précautions prises par l’Europe à travers de nombreux textes règlementaires. L’atteinte des objectifs de qualité des masses d’eau fixés à l’horizon 2015 devra passer par une réelle appropriation des enjeux par l’ensemble des acteurs afin de mettre en place des filières de traitement adaptées à chaque cas. Dans le cadre conceptuel actuel d’écologie industrielle où les déchets deviennent produits, nous nous sommes donc penchés sur les possibilités d’utilisation des principes de gestion de la qualité prescrits par l’ISO 9000 à la gestion des effluents industriels, avec comme clients potentiels des industries (réutilisation), des stations d’épurations communales, mais également les écosystèmes récepteurs. La prise en compte d’écosystèmes comme clients pose néanmoins des questions délicates telles que l’évaluation de leurs besoins. La complexité de cette évaluation nous a poussé à considérer le territoire du point de vue des services écosystémiques (c’est-à-dire les services rendus par les écosystèmes qui contribuent au bien être de l’Homme) afin d’identifier des cibles humaines aptes à exprimer leurs besoins afin d’en tirer des exigences vis-à-vis du milieu. Ces exigences sont ensuite converties, en fonction de données locales et règlementaires, en exigences qualitatives vis-à-vis des rejets. Cette démarche a été matérialisée sous la forme d’un outil destiné aux industriels ou tout autre acteur sans compétence particulière dans le domaine de l’eau. L’apport de ce travail de thèse est donc l’analyse des enjeux environnementaux locaux pour contribuer au cahier des charges des filières de traitement d’effluents aqueux industriels par l’élaboration de seuils de rejet
Despite the precautions taken by Europe through numerous regulatory texts, the current management of industrial wastewater shows various problems. The achievement of water bodies quality targets set for 2015 will go through a real ownership of the issues by every actor in order to implement customized treatment processes. In the current framework of industrial ecology, waste becomes product; we therefore explored the possibilities of using quality management principles prescribed by the ISO 9000 for industrial wastewater management, with potential customers such as industries (reuse), communal wastewater treatment plants, but also ecosystem receptors. The consideration of ecosystems as customers nevertheless raises sensitive issues such as the assessment of their needs. The complexity of this evaluation led us to consider the territory in terms of ecosystem services (that is to say, services provided ecosystems that contribute to human well-being) to identify human targets able to express their needs concerning their environment. These needs are then converted, according to local and regulatory data, in qualitative requirements for liquid emissions. This approach was materialized as a tool for industrials or other actors with no particular competence in the field of water management. The contribution of this thesis is the analysis of local environmental issues to contribute to the specification of the treatment processes of industrial aqueous effluents by setting release thresholds

Denna rapport är författad av studenterna Jimmy Hardingz och Johan Törngren, på programmet Ekonomi och ledarskap för hållbar utveckling vid Högskolan på Gotland. Rapporten är produkten av det examensarbete som genomförts som ett förbättringsarbete vid Destination Gotland AB, ett företag som bedriver färjetrafik till och från Gotland. Examensarbetet har föregåtts av en förstudie där författarna undersökte vilka förbättringsmöjligheter som finns i företaget. Från förstudien framkom att det finns förbättringspotential i hur samverkan sker med företagets största leverantör, Gotlands stuveri AB, som levererar tjänsterna lossning och lastning av fartygen. Syftet med detta förbättringsarbete har varit att överlämna ett underlag till företaget om hur de kan förbättra sin samverkan med leverantörer. I företagets samverkan med leverantörer är det fördelaktigt att kunna identifiera viktiga leverantörer för att kunna skapa långsiktiga, ömsesidiga och nära relationer med dessa. Destination Gotland bör därför klassificera sina leverantörer efter A, B och C leverantörer för att kunna identifiera vilka leverantörer som är viktiga leverantörer. A leverantörer såsom Gotlands stuveri menar författarna är leverantörer som är integrerad i den egna verksamhetens processer med vilka Destination Gotland bör bedriva gemensamma förbättringsprojekt.

För att undersöka hur samarbetet med Gotlands stuveri ser ut idag har det genomförts intervjuer med ansvariga vid de båda företagen. Destination Gotlands verksamhetssystem har studerats och medarbetarenkäter har genomförts. När författarna analyserat medarbetarenkäterna upptäcker författarna att det finns en stark vilja till att kunna samarbeta och att de både företagens anställda uppfattar varandra som trevliga och hjälpsamma. Men när siffrorna sammanställs märker författarna att det ändå finns ett utrymme för förbättringar och de slutsatser författarna drar av detta är att brister i samarbetet inte beror på någon motvilja hos de anställda eller någon större rivalitet mellan företagen, i det fall det finns rivalitet är det snarare fråga om personkemi. Författarna anser att bristerna i samarbetet beror på arbetssätten i de processer företagen samarbetar i. Som ett led i detta har författarna arbetat med processen incheckning och uppställning av fordon som är en av de processer där Destination Gotland och Gotlands stuveri har ett nära samarbete. För att angripa detta förbättringsområde har författarna använt sig av förbättringsprogrammet Sex sigma för att ge arbetet en tydlig struktur. Arbetet med att finna problemområden och lösningar har skett tillsammans med anställda hos de båda företagen, dels genom organiserade brainstormingar men också genom samtal med anställda när författarna varit ute och studerat verksamheten. Författarna har funnit att det finns möjligheter till förbättringar i processen inom områdena:

• Förändringar på kajen: i form av skyltning och nya markeringar i asfalten. Färgkodning i de olika färjelägena för att underlätta för passagerare hitta rätt och för medarbetarna att ge tydliga instruktioner.
• Nya uppställningslistor: som är uppdaterade och anpassade för de förändringar på kajen som författarna föreslår. En lathund för sortering av fordon har skapats, den bidrar till att skapa en gemensambild och undvika dubbla budskap till passagerarna.
• Rekommendationer till arbetsbeskrivningar: med vad som förväntas för de olika befattningarna som hanterar fordon på kajen. Utse en ansvarig från Destination Gotland i bil-incheck vid samtliga avgångar.

This report is written by the students Jimmy Hardingz and Johan Törngren at the program for Economic and Leadership for Sustainable Development at the University of Gotland. This report is the product of the degree project carried out as an improvement in Destination Gotland AB, a company operating ferries to and from Gotland. The examination paper has proceeded of a pre-study in which the authors examined the improvement opportunities available in the company. From this study it was found that there is an improvement in how the interaction takes place with the company's largest supplier, Gotlands stuveri AB, which supplies services unloading and loading of vessels. The purpose has been to submit a paper to the company about how they can improve their interaction with suppliers. The company's collaboration with suppliers is beneficial to be able to identify key suppliers in order to create long-term, mutual and close relationships with them. Destination Gotland should classify their suppliers for A, B and C suppliers to identify which suppliers are key suppliers. A suppliers such as Gotlands stuveri AB, are suppliers who are integrated into Destination Gotland AB business processes with they should conduct joint improvement projects.

To investigate how cooperation with Gotlands stuveri AB looks today, interviews has been carried out with managers at both companies, Destination Gotland AB business systems have been studied and employee surveys have been conducted at both companies. When we analyzed the employee satisfaction survey we discover that there is a strong desire to be able to cooperate and that both companies' employees perceive each other as friendly and helpful. But when the figures are compiled, we notice that there still exists a potential for improvement and the conclusions we draw from this is that non-cooperation is not due to any dislike of the employee or any great rivalry between the companies, where there is rivalry, it is rather the personal chemistry. We believe that the shortcoming in the cooperation depends on the working methods of the business processes they work together in. As part of this, the authors have worked on the process of checking in and lining-up vehicles, that is one of the processes Destination Gotland AB and Gotlands stuveri AB work closely together. To tackle this improvement area, the authors used the Six Sigma improvement program to create a clear structure. Efforts to identify problem areas and solutions have been investigated together with employees of both companies, by organized brainstorming, but also through conversations with employees when the authors have been out and studied the process. The authors have found that there are opportunities for improvements in process in the areas of:

• Changes at the pier: in the form of signage and new markers in the asphalt. Color coding of the different positions of the ferry to help passengers find their way and for employees to give clear instructions.
• New layout of lists: that is updated and adapted to the changes on the pier as the authors suggest. A simple reminder how to sort vehicles was created; it will help to create a single image and to avoid mixed messages to the passengers.
• Recommendations to the work descriptions: with what is expected for the various positions that handle vehicles on the pier. Designate a responsible person from Destination Gotland AB in the car check in at all departures.

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The theme Corporate Social Responsibility is relatively recent both in the academic field and in the business practice. Because of the lack of socialization of experiences and precision of concepts, there are gaps regarding the understanding of the subject and, also, how to conduct operations. This study just seeks to investigate such matter, focusing applications of social responsibility in business. It takes, as empirical field, winners of the PSQT - SESI Prize of Quality at Work in Rio Grande do Norte (2002-2007) in order to systematize the various approaches on the issue, aiming to reveal subjective visions and perspectives of the theme. It is characterized as a qualitative study, carried out by structured interview. The universe was composed by 15 companies. It was used analysis of content categorical as an axis for the interpretation of the information. Three approaches guided the analysis: Business Ethics, (normative); Business & Society (contractual); Social Issues Management (strategic). The findings are related in three ways: 1) reasons for the CSR practice; 2) the results obtained; 3) the means of CSR. It was found that the award participation occurs, mostly, linked to SESI invitations, so, as an articulated movement of industrial corporations in Brazil it occurs, also, because of the organizational commitment with the society and the possibility of internal and social growths and because of the importance attributed to the report as an instrument of consultancy. There are no indicators to check impacts of organizational interventions, in spite of the existence of planning for the actions. Social responsibility appears as a tool to reinforce the organizational image and to increase satisfaction of the employees. There is a tendency of large and medium firms to a contractual commitment while the small and the micros firms are on strategic or normative level. The analysis of the perspectives of social responsibility future revealed trends towards for strategic approach
O tema Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) ? relativamente recente no meio acad?mico nacional e no mundo dos neg?cios como pr?tica de gest?o. Pela car?ncia de socializa??o de experi?ncias e de clareza de conceitos, ocorrem desvios no entendimento do tema e na condu??o das interven??es. Procurou-se averiguar, nesta pesquisa, aplica??es da Responsabilidade Social como construto nas empresas ganhadoras do PSQT Pr?mio SESI de Qualidade no Trabalho no Rio Grande do Norte (2002-2007), objetivando compreender o conceito de Responsabilidade Social, no cotidiano organizacional, tomando como refer?ncia concep??es subjetivas de gestores e empres?rios. Caracterizou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa de car?ter descritivo, realizada atrav?s de entrevistas estruturadas numa amostra de 10 empresas em um universo composto por 15 empresas. Utilizou-se da an?lise de conte?do categorial, tendo como eixo para a interpreta??o dos dados as escolas de pensamento: Business Ethics (normativa); Business & Society (contratual); e Social Issues Management (estrat?gica). Os resultados obtidos foram relacionados (1) aos motivos, (2) aos resultados da participa??o no PSQT e (3) ao significado da Responsabilidade Social e sua aplicabilidade. Foi encontrado que o incentivo ? participa??o no PSQT ocorre, com maior freq??ncia, vinculado a convites do SESI, como um movimento articulado de corpora??es industriais no Brasil. Constatou-se que a participa??o ? motivada pelo compromisso com o p?blico interno e pelo incentivo ao compromisso social. ? considerado como uma consultoria e importante ferramenta de gest?o, utilizado para melhoria do desempenho da organiza??o. N?o existem indicadores para verifica??o de impactos no resultado da empresa, apesar de haver planejamento para as a??es. A Responsabilidade Social ? evidenciada como fortalecimento da imagem e satisfa??o do p?blico interno. Na categoriza??o, h? uma tend?ncia das grandes e m?dias empresas para a abordagem contratual; as pequenas e micros para a abordagem estrat?gica e normativa. A an?lise da perspectiva de futuro da Responsabilidade Social apresentou-se como maior tend?ncia para a abordagem estrat?gica

La mise sur le marché de nouvelles molécules ou procédés nécessite au préalable des essais de laboratoire permettant d'évaluer leur potentiel toxique intrinsèque et les risques liés à leur utilisation à l'échelle industrielle. Une synthèse bibliographique expose les principales connaissances sur les biosalissures aquatiques et les traitements utilisés ou préconisés pour les contrôler en milieu industriel. Une étude expérimentale est consacrée aux effets létaux d'un nouvel agent anti-salissures: le Mexel 432 vis-à-vis du développement embryo-larvaire de la carpe commune, choisie comme modèle écotoxicologique. Les principales caractéristiques du Mexel 432 et du modèle embryon de carpe sont présentées. Dans une eau synthétique, en exposition continue depuis la fécondation, sans apport alimentaire, les CL50 moyennes mesurées sur plusieurs pontes sont 1,13+-0,35 mg/L après 3 jours d'exposition, 0,88+-0,36 après 7 jours et 0,69+-0,32 après 9 jours. Les CL50 (7 jours) la plus basse et la plus élevée sont 0,34 et 1,58 mg/L. En concentrations sublétales, la croissance embryo-larvaire est diminuée. Une étude histopathologique semble montrer une dégénérescence de l'épithélium branchial larvaire. Dans des échantillons d'eau de rivières, la toxicité est immédiatement diminuée en relation avec une demande immédiate en Mexel 432 liée à son adsorption sur les matières en suspension (argiles) ou à sa complexation avec des matières organiques dissoutes (acides humiques). La toxicité du Mexel 432 est déterminée pour l'essentiel par son contenu en amines grasses. L'adjonction d'un antigel inhibe le collage des oeufs, le principe d'une méthode de quantification de cet effet étant propose. La température, le pH et la concentration en calcium ont peu d'effets sur la toxicité du Mexel 432. Celui-ci a peu d'influence sur la toxicité de divers xénobiotiques de degrés d'hydrophobie variés. L'utilisation d'une méthode standardisée par EDF (dosage colorimétrique à l'orange de méthyle en milieu acide), a permis d'atteindre en eau de laboratoire des seuils de détection et de mesure de 0,29 et 0,58 mg/L en Mexel 432, la pente de la droite d'étalonnage dans la gamme de concentration 0,1 - 12,8 mg/L étant 18,02+-0,22
The launching of new molecules or procedures requires a laboratory tests to evaluate their intrinsic potential toxicity and hazards related to their utilization at the industrial level. A sytnhetic bibliography exposes the principal knowledge on the aquatic fouling and the treatments used or recommended in the industrial domain. An experimental study is carried out on the lethal effects of Mexel 432, a new antifouling agent, on the embryolarval development of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. ) which was used as an ecotoxicological model. The principal characteristic of Mexel 432 and the common carp embryolarval test are presented. In synthetic water, at continuous exposure from fertilization without feeding, the mean LC50 measured were 1. 13 +- 0. 35 mg/L after 3 days of exposure, 0. 88 +- 036 mg/Lafter 7 days and 0. 69 +- 0. 32 mg/L afer 9 days. The lowest and highest LC50 are 0. 34 and 1. 58 mg/L afer 7 days of exposure. At sublethal concentrations, the embryolarval growth is reduced. Histopathological examination seems to show that gill epithelium could to be affected. In natural water samples, the toxicity of Mexel 432 is immediately reduced related to an "immediate demand" of this product due to its adsorption on suspended matters (clays) or to its complexation with dissolved organic matters (humic acids). The essential of the Mexel toxicity involves its fatty-amines content. The adjunction of an antifreezing interfere with the normal sticking of eggs and thus, the principle of a quantitative method of this effect is proposed. The temperature, pH and the concentration of calcium have a little effect on Mexel toxicity. The latter has a little influence on the toxicity of various hydrophobic or hydrophilic xenobiotics. The use of standardized method of EDF (colorimetric dosage by methyl-orange in acidic medium), allows to reach, in laboratory water, a thresholds of detection and measurement respectively of 0. 29 and 0. 58 mg/L. The slope of the calibration curve is 18. 02 +- 0. 22 in the range of concentration 0. 1-12. 8 mg/L of Mexel

Cette thèse expose dans quel environnement social et historique, la notion du patrimoine culturel palestinien fut formulée au cours de deux derniers siècles. L’étude se base sur un travail de terrain visant à la réalisation d'un inventaire sur les pressoirs à vis en fer à activation manuelle (autrement dit PVFM), existant encore in situ dans la région rurale du gouvernorat de Ramallah. Cet inventaire est une première étape de valorisation du patrimoine lié à la production de l’huile d’olive, illustrant la Palestine à travers la proto-industrie rurale qui existait dès la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. L’illustration de l'histoire par en bas, à travers ces traces, ainsi que la documentation de l’évolution des ces techniques sont des outils essentiels pour promouvoir et se réapproprier de cette partie du patrimoine en tant qu’élément intégral de la culture, de l’histoire et de l’identité palestinienne, tout en l’intégrant à la culture méditerranéenne de l’huile d’olive en général
This thesis explores the social and historical environment in which the concept of Palestinian cultural heritage has been formulated throughout the past two centuries. The study, which is based on fieldwork, relies on an inventory of the manually operated, iron screw-mechanism olive presses (MISP) that still exist in situ in the rural area of the Ramallah governorate. This inventory constitutes an essential step in evaluating the heritage linked to the production of olive oil and in illustrating the rural proto-industry that existed by the second half of the 19th century in Palestine. Illustrating the bottom-up history of these findings and documenting the evolution of these techniques in view of offering a tool for the promotion and re-appropriation of this part of heritage as an inherent part of Palestinian culture, history and identity while incorporating it as an integral part of the greater Mediterranean olive oil culture

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Pectinases, a group of enzymes that degrade pectic substances and break glycosidic linkages, are produced by fungi, yeasts and bacteria, but are also in plants in general and fruit in particular.In the juice industry the pectinolytic enzymes are added to increase the efficiency of the process, decrease the viscosity and reduce the time of filtration. The pectin methylesterase, PME, hydrolyzes the methyl ester groups, forming carboxyl groups in pectin chain, releasing methanol end H3O+. Therefore, its knowledge is vital in order to control the effectiveness of the treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions of the activity of the pectin methylesterase in industry preparations, proposing a potentiometric procedure for determining the PME activity and compare the data with those obtained by traditional potentiometry and Uv-Vis, evaluate the efficacy of this method in determining the residual activity exogenous of PME in mango juice. The activity of PME in the three commercial samples, Pectinex 100L Plus, Panzym Univers and Panzym Clears, was determined by potentiometry, Uv-Vis spectroscopy, with the bromophenol blue indicator, and the action of alcohol oxidase with acetyl acetone. The reaction consisted of 5.00 mg.mL-1 apple pectin, 0.100 mol.L-1 sodium chloride and 50 μL commercial pectinolytic enzyme for a volume of 30 mL. In all experiments the enzyme deesterification showed first-order kinetics, with increased activity at pH 4.0 to 4.5 and 45 ºC, whereas the complete inactivation occurred at 75 ºC for 10 minutes, in the three industrial preparations. The thermal inactivation of the PME of Pectinex 100L Plus and Panzym Clears preparations occurred under the same conditions, when the activity was measured by the procedures of ΔVNaOH / Δttime or of ΔpH/ Δttime. The activity of PME in industrial preparations at 25 °C and pH 4.5, determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy with bromophenol blue indicator, showed good correlation with the activity determined by the procedures by potentiometry. The stability of the indicator in the pectin solution allows its use to determine the PME activity in samples in which the optimum pH is located in acid band. The release of methanol as measured by alcohol oxidase, followed by the reaction with acetyl acetone to determine the formaldehyde, showed good agreement with the results of the enzyme activity measuring procedures used in this research. The inactivation of residual PME in mango juice occurred at 75 ºC for 20 minutes of exposure in the procedure ΔVNaOH / Δttime and 10 minutes of exposure during the procedure ΔpH/ Δttime. The residual activity of PME in 70 °C for 10, 20 and 30 minutes of exposure in the presence of juice was higher than in the control, indicating its protective effect. The procedure of ΔpH/ Δttime shows good correlation with other methods, with the advantage of precise and direct measures of [H+], excusing a series of reagents and high costs materials.
As pectinases, um grupo de enzimas que degradam substâncias pécticas e rompem ligações glicosídicas, são produzidas por fungos filamentosos, leveduras e bactérias, mas encontram-se também em plantas em geral e em frutas, em particular. Na indústria de sucos as enzimas pectinolíticas são adicionadas para aumentar o rendimento do processo, diminuir a viscosidade e reduzir o tempo de filtração. A pectina metilesterase, PME, hidrolisa os grupos metil éster, formando grupos carboxilícos na cadeia da pectina, produzindo metanol e H3O+.Portanto, é fundamental o seu conhecimento, a fim de controlar a eficiência do tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as condições ótimas da atividade da PME presente em preparações industriais, propor um procedimento potenciométrico para determinação da atividade da enzima e comparar os dados com os obtidos por potenciometria tradicional e Uv- Vis, avaliar a eficiência do método proposto na determinação da atividade residual da PME exógena no suco de manga. A atividade da PME nas três amostras comerciais, Pectinex 100L Plus, Panzym Univers e Panzym Clears, foi determinada por potenciometria, espectroscopia Uv-Vis, com o indicador azul de bromofenol, e pela ação do álcool oxidase com acetil acetona. A reação consistiu de 5,00 mg.mL-1 de pectina de maçã, 0,100 mol.L-1 de cloreto de sódio e 50 μL de enzima pectinolítica comercial para um volume de 30 mL. Em todos os experimentos a desmetoxilação enzimática mostrou uma cinética de primeira ordem, com maior atividade em pH 4,0 a 4,5 e 45 ºC, sendo que a inativação completa ocorreu a 75 ºC por 10 min, nas três preparações industriais. A inativação térmica da PME das preparações Pectinex 100L Plus e da Panzym Clears ocorreu sob mesmas condições, quando a atividade foi medida pelos procedimenos de ΔVNaOH / Δttempo ou de ΔpH/ Δttempo. A atividade da PME nas preparações industriais a 25 ºC e pH 4,5, determinada por espectroscopia Uv-Vis com o indicador azul de bromofenol, apresentou boa correlação com a atividade determinada pelos procedimentos por potenciometria. A estabilidade do indicador em solução com a pectina permite a sua utilização para determinar a atividade da PME em amostras nas quais o pH ótimo localiza-se na faixa ácida. A liberação do metanol medida pela álcool oxidase, seguida da reação com a acetil acetona para determinar o formaldeído, mostrou boa concordância com os resultados dos procedimentos de medida de atividade enzimática utilizados neste trabalho. A inativação da PME residual em suco de manga ocorreu na temperatura de 75 ºC por 20 min de exposição no procedimento ΔVNaOH / Δttempo e durante 10 min de exposição pelo procedimento ΔpH/ Δttempo. A atividade residual da PME a 70 ºC por 10, 20 e 30 min de exposição em presença do suco foi maior do que no controle, indicando o seu efeito protetor. O procedimento da ΔpH/ Δttempo apresenta boa correlação com os demais métodos, com a vantagem de medidas precisas e diretas da [H+], dispensando uma série de reagentes e materiais de custos elevados.

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This work has as its main purpose to investigate the contribution of supply chain management in order to obtain competitive advantage by companies from the textile industry and from Cear? footwear industry, focusing its analysis mainly in the interorganizational relations (dyadic). For this, the theoretical referential contemplates different explanatory streams of the competitive advantage, detaching the relational perception of the resources theory, as well as, the main presuppositions of the supply chain management which culminates with the development of an analysis sample that runs the empirical study; the one which considers an expanded purpose of the supply chain which includes the government and the abetment institutions as institutional environment representatives. Besides supply chain management consideration as a competitive advantage source, the work also tried to identify other possible competitive advantage sources for the companies of the investigated sectors. It represents a study of multiple interpretive cases, having four cases as a total; meaning two cases in each one of the sectors, which used as a primary data collecting instrument a semi-structured interview schedule. Different methods were used for the data analysis, the content analysis and the constant comparison methods, the analytical procedure originated from the grounded theory research strategy, which were applied the Atlas/ti software recourse. Considering the theoretical referential and the used analysis sample, four basic categories of the work were defined, including its respective proprieties and dimensions: (1) characteristics concerning to the relationship with the supplier; (2) the company relations with the government; (3) the company relations with the abetment institutions and; (4) obtaining sources of competitive advantage. In general, the applied research in the footwear sector revealed that in the relationships of the researched companies related to its suppliers, there is a predominance of the partnership system and the main presuppositions of the supply chain management are applied which contributes for the acquisition of the relational competitive advantage; while in the textile sector, only some of these presuppositions are applied, with little contribution for the relational competitive advantage. The main resource which was accessed by the companies in both sectors through its relationships with the government and the abetment institutions are the tax incentives which, for the footwear companies, contribute for the acquisition of the temporary competitive advantage in relation to the contestants who do not own productive installations in the Northeast region, it also conducts to a competitive parity situation in relation to the contestants who own productive installations in the Northeast region and to the external market contestants; while for the companies of the textile sector, the tax incentives run the companies to a competitive parity situation in relation to its contestants. Furthermore, the investigated companies from the two sectors possess acquisition sources of the competitive advantage which collimate with different explanatory streams (industrial analysis, resources theory, Austrian school and the dynamic capabilities theory), although there is a predominance of the product innovation as a competitive advantage source in both sectors, due to the bond of these with the fashion tendencies
Esse trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar a contribui??o da gest?o da cadeia de suprimento para a obten??o de vantagem competitiva por empresas da ind?stria t?xtil e da ind?stria de cal?ados do Cear?, tendo como foco principal de an?lise as rela??es inter-organizacionais (d?ades). Para tal, o referencial te?rico contempla diferentes correntes explicativas da vantagem competitiva, destacando-se a vis?o relacional da teoria dos recursos, bem como os principais pressupostos da gest?o da cadeia de suprimento, que culminam com o desenvolvimento de um modelo de an?lise que direciona o estudo emp?rico, o qual considera um escopo expandido da cadeia de suprimento, que inclui o governo e as institui??es de fomento como representantes do ambiente institucional. Al?m da considera??o da gest?o da cadeia de suprimento como fonte de vantagem competitiva, o trabalho buscou tamb?m identificar outras poss?veis fontes de vantagem competitiva para as empresas dos setores investigados. Trata-se de um estudo de casos m?ltiplos interpretativo, totalizando quatro casos, sendo dois em cada um dos setores, que utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados prim?rios um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado. Para a an?lise dos dados foram utilizados diferentes m?todos, a an?lise de conte?do e o m?todo das compara??es constantes, procedimento anal?tico originado da estrat?gia de pesquisa grounded theory, aplicados com aux?lio do software Atlas/ti. A partir do referencial te?rico e do modelo de an?lise utilizados, foram definidas quatro categorias-chaves do trabalho, com suas respectivas propriedades e dimens?es: (1) caracter?sticas do relacionamento com o fornecedor; (2) rela??es da empresa com o governo; (3) rela??es da empresa com institui??es de fomento e; (4) fontes de obten??o de vantagem competitiva. Em linhas gerais, a pesquisa aplicada no setor de cal?ados revelou que nos relacionamentos das empresas pesquisadas com seus fornecedores h? a predomin?ncia do regime de parceria e s?o aplicados os principais pressupostos da gest?o da cadeia de suprimento, o que contribui para a obten??o de vantagem competitiva relacional, enquanto que, no setor t?xtil, s?o aplicados apenas alguns desses pressupostos, com pouca contribui??o para a vantagem competitiva relacional. O principal recurso acessado pelas empresas de ambos os setores atrav?s de suas rela??es com o governo e as institui??es de fomento s?o os incentivos fiscais que, para as empresas do setor de cal?ados, contribuem para a obten??o de vantagem competitiva tempor?ria em rela??o aos concorrentes que n?o possuem instala??es produtivas no Nordeste, bem como levam ? situa??o de paridade competitiva em rela??o aos concorrentes que possuem instala??es produtivas no Nordeste a aos concorrentes no mercado externo, enquanto que, para as empresas do setor t?xtil, os incentivos fiscais levam estas a uma situa??o de paridade competitiva em rela??o aos seus concorrentes. Ademais, as empresas investigadas nos dois setores possuem fontes de obten??o de vantagem competitiva que se alinham a diferentes correntes explicativas (an?lise industrial, teoria dos recursos, escola austr?aca e teoria das capacidades din?micas), embora haja um predom?nio da inova??o de produto como fonte de vantagem competitiva em ambos os setores, devido ? vincula??o destes ?s tend?ncias da moda

Le projet de cette recherche est d’identifier les contenus informationnels porteurs de l’évocation du terroir pour envisager leurs effets sur la perception de la qualité et les intentions du consommateur pour les produits alimentaires. Bien que régulièrement mobilisé par le secteur professionnel, ce concept n’était ni consensuel ni explicitement défini du point de vue du consommateur. Le préalable à notre travail, représentant une première contribution, a été de préciser les contours et dimensions du terroir et du produit du terroir dans l’alimentaire. Dès lors, nous avons construit une échelle de mesure psychométrique de la terroirité perçue. Composée de 6 dimensions et de 23 items, elle permet de mesurer les caractéristiques associées au terroir par le consommateur. La seconde contribution du travail est d’évaluer les effets de ce construit global et de chacune des dimensions sur la qualité perçue et sur les intentions du consommateur pour le produit alimentaire du terroir. La troisième contribution est d’avoir pu repérer les principales variables modératrices de ces effets et de pouvoir ainsi envisager des perspectives de recherche. Le vin est un produit spécifique au sein du champ alimentaire français mais il représente aussi le premier produit cité quand les consommateurs pensent aux produits du terroir. La quatrième contribution a consisté à répliquer l’ensemble du travail d’investigation en l’appliquant au cas du produit vin. Outre une structuration différente des dimensions de la terroirité perçue, les conclusions soulignent des différences tant en termes d’effets que de variables modératrices vis-à-vis du produit vin (niveau d’expertise, connaissances et intérêt pour le produit). Mobilisant une approche mixte avec d’une part, des entretiens auprès d’une population appartenant à l’ensemble des régions françaises, et d’autre part, deux collectes par questionnaire auprès d’un échantillon global de 1015 consommateurs en France, ce travail s’appuie tant sur l’utilisation d’outils de recherche innovant en marketing (logiciel d’ADT “Le Trameur”, macro Process de Hayes, 2013), que sur des outils et méthodes robustes connues (AFE, AFC, modèles d’équations structurelles). Au vu des démonstrations des intentions d’efforts accrus, monétaires et comportementaux, pour le produit du terroir, les apports du travail permettent aux acteurs de la filière alimentaire de disposer d’une base clarifiée pour orienter leurs actions tant stratégiques et communicationnelles. Dans le même temps, cette confiance quasi systématique attribuée à la mention au terroir permet d’ouvrir le débat sur la sécurisation des garanties et la légitimité des affirmations commerciales. Face à la profusion d’évocations et de terminologies faisant référence à l’ancrage territorial infra régional, il s’agit en effet d’envisager des politiques publiques de protection et d’information du consommateur pour éviter la possibilité d’abus d’usage de la « mention terroir »
The purpose of this research is to identify the informational contents that carry the evocation of the terroir in order to consider their effects on the perception of quality and consumer’s intentions for food products. Although regularly mobilized by the professional sector, this concept was neither consensual nor well- defined from the consumer’s point of view. The prerequisites of our research, representing a first contribution, was to specify the area, the dimensions and the product of the terroir in the food field. From then on, we constructed a psychometric scale of perceived terroirity measure. Consisting of 6 dimensions and 23 items, it allows to measure the characteristics associated with the terroir by the consumer. The second contribution of our research is to assess the effects of this global construct and of each of its dimensions on the perceived quality and on the consumer’s intentions for the food product of the terroir. The third contribution is to have been able to identify the variables moderating significant to be tested in future researches. Wine is a specific product within the French food sector but it is also the first product evocated when consumers think of local products. The fourth contribution was to replicate all the investigative work by applying it to the case of wine. In addition to a different structuring of the dimensions of perceived terroirity, the results indicate differences in terms of effects and moderating variables for wine (level of expertise, knowledge and interest in the product). Through a mixed approach with, on the one hand, semi-structured qualitative interviews with respondents belonging to all French regions, and on the other hand, two surveys in opinion of 1015 consumers in France, this research relies both on the use of innovative research tools in marketing (ADT software "Le Trameur", Macro Process of Hayes, 2013), as well as on robust tools and methods known (AFE, AFC, structural equations models). In view of the demonstrations of increased efforts intentions, monetary and behavioral, for product of terroir, the contributions of the research leads to obtain a clarified base for the actors of the food chain to guide their actions as strategic and communicational. At the same time, this almost systematic trust attributed to the terroir’s mention allows to open the debate on the security of the guarantees and the legitimacy of the commercial affirmations. Faced with the profusion of evocations and terminologies referring to infraregional territorial anchorage, it is a question of considering public policies of protection and information of the consumer to avoid the possibility of excessive use of the term "terroir"

Dans le cadre d'un projet européen ayant trait à l'injection des thermoplastiques chargés fibres de verre longues, la plastification de ces matériaux dans un ensemble vis-fourreau a été abordée selon deux axes de recherche: D'une part la prédiction de la casse des fibres dans l'unité vis-fourreau, en couplant un modèle de plastification à un critère de rupture des fibres en flexion à l'interface solide/liquide. D'autre part la description des écoulements dans la zone de pompage de la vis en termes de vitesses, cisaillement, trajectoires, distribution des temps de séjour et efficacité de mélange. Nous avons ainsi développé un modèle d'écoulement dans le chenal d'une vis, prenant en compte la véritable géométrie du chenal (courbure et torsion). Parallèlement, dans un ensemble vis-fourreau transparent, nous avons développé une approche originale de visualisation tridimensionnelle des écoulements dans une huile silicone. Les trajectoires simulées et expérimentales sont alors confrontées
For a European project dealing with injection-moulding of long glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics (LGFRT), plasticizing of these materials in a barrel-screw unit is studied according to two different research axes: On one hand, final fibre length distributions are predicted, directly comparable to experimental ones, coupling a plasticizing model to a fibre breakage criterion at the solid/melt interface. One the other hand, flows in the metering zone of the screw are described in terms of velocities, shear rates, trajectories, residence time distribution and mixing efficiency. We developed first a new model describing flows in the screw channel, which takes into account the real geometry of the channel (curvature and torsion). Secondly, we built an innovative transparent barrel/screw device that gives us the means to visualize and measure the 3D position of a particle moving in a silicon oil, in the screw channel. Finally, simulated and experimental trajectories are compared

La couleur des végétaux verts est un des critères importants d’appréciation de la qualité des aliments. Elle est due notamment aux chlorophylles, aux caroténoïdes et à leurs dérivés, molécules au rôle nutritionnel important. Les procédés culinaires ou de l’industrie alimentaire conduisent à des modifications des molécules qui composent les systèmes pigmentaires. Des études scientifiques récentes n’ayant pas retrouvé, dans certains conditions, de corrélation entre la couleur (déterminée par colorimétrie) et le contenue en pigments, on a étudié les modifications de la couleur et du contenu en pigments de « haricots verts », c’est-à-dire de gousses immatures de Phaseolus vulgaris L. Lors de divers traitements, thermiques ou non (culinaires et industriels). Des échantillons été étudiés à la fois au laboratoire et sur site industriel. Dans les deux cas, la couleur des gousses entières a été déterminée par colorimétrie tristimulus (système L*a*b*). Le contenu en pigments a été déterminé par deux méthodes mise au point au cours du travail et qui ont fait l’objet de publications. Sur site industriel, la composition en pigments a été déterminée par chromatographie quantitative sur couches minces, grâce à un traitement numérique d’images numérisées des couches minces produites. Par cette méthode rapide, peu coûteuse, répétable et qui révèle jusqu’à certains isomères structuraux des chlorophylles, on a étudié les étapes préliminaires des traitements industriels. Pour les analyses au laboratoire, on a mis au point deux méthodes spectroscopiques qui évitent toute séparation chromatographique préalable : la spectroscopie UV-Vis avec régression linéaire multiple, d’une part, et la résonance magnétique nucléaire quantitative, d’autre part. La première méthode est rapide, et facile à utiliser, mais la RMN quantitative donne plus d’information sur les isomères structuraux des pigments (épimères des chlorophylles et isomères cis/trans des caroténoïdes).

Unidad de práctica para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico
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El presente trabajo aborda lo investigado durante la práctica profesional en el Instituto Farmacéutico Labomed, específicamente validaciones de metodologías analíticas, las cuáles forman parte del programa de validaciones del departamento de Control de Calidad. En la elección de las metodologías analíticas de los productos farmacéuticos a validar se ocuparon las dos técnicas analíticas más utilizadas en laboratorio (Cromatografía Líquida de alta definición (HPLC) y Espectrofotometría (UV-Visible). En el trabajo de práctica se realizan validaciones prospectivas, analizando los parámetros estadísticos que contempla la USP: exactitud, precisión, linealidad y selectividad que corresponde a la categoría I, además se analizaron los parámetros de sensibilidad (límite de detección y límite de cuantificación) y robustez. Los productos farmacéuticos seleccionados fueron aquellos que estaban en el programa de validaciones del laboratorio. Para la técnica por HPLC se validó la metodología analítica de Naxelan® comprimidos de 100 mg. Finalmente, para la técnica por Espectrofotometría UV-Vis se validó la metodología analítica de Sereprid® comprimidos. El estudio contempla el desarrollo y evaluación estadística de los parámetros analíticos, para concluir que las técnicas analíticas son validadas en los productos farmacéuticos estudiados. La utilidad del trabajo, consiste en que al validar las técnicas analíticas de dichos productos farmacéuticos, obtendremos un alto grado de seguridad de tener productos que cumplen con la calidad esperada. Además, permite evaluar detalles y excepciones que se puedan presentar en una validación o nueva metodología analítica

I denna rapport redovisas ett examensarbete av Edvin Sjöberg utfört i samarbete med Ödins Garveri i Visby. Projektets mål har varit att ta fram ett tillverkningsunderlag för en ny axelremsväska i läder för män. Väskan är konstruerad för att vara materialbesparande, hållbar och elegant. Faktainsamlingen ger en översikt av de vanligaste sätten att bereda och garva skinn, sömnadsteknik och tillverkningsteknik. Målgrupps- och marknadsanalys har varit vägledande för utformningen av slutprodukten och stort fokus har lagts på modell- och skissarbete. Slutprodukten är en herrväska med mycket hög materialkvalité, formgivning inspirerad av klassiskt herrmode och med väl planlagda och genomtänka detaljer.
This report presents a thesis of Edvin Sjöberg performed in collaboration with Ödins Tannery in Visby.  The project's goal has been to develop a manufacturing base for a new leather shoulder bag for men. The bag is designed to be easy to produce without material loss, to be durable and stylish.  The essay provides an overview of the most common ways to prepare and tan hides, sewing techniques and manufacturing technologies. Audience and market analysis has aided the design of the finished product and focus has been placed on model and sketch work.  The end product is a bag made from high quality materials, design inspired by classic men's fashion and with well-planned and thoughtful details.

L'extraction aqueuse des lipides de la graine de tournesol est étudiée en contacteur agité. La diffusion à l'intérieur des particules est le facteur limitant de l'échange de matière. Les protéines sont impliquées dans l'entraînement et la stabilisation des lipides par l'eau. Le fractionnement de la plante entière est également étudié avec l'eau en extrusion bi-vis. Un extrait et un raffinat sont obtenus séparément et en une seule étape continue. Des rendements d'extraction en huile de 55 % peuvent être obtenus sous forme d'émulsions huile/eau. Leur stabilité est assurée par la présence à l'interface de tensioactifs : les phospholipides et les protéines voire les pectines. Les extraits se composent aussi d'une phase hydrophile. Prépondérante, elle contient des composés hydrosolubles (protéines, pectines…). Riches en fibres, les raffinats présentent une teneur significative en protéines au comportement thermoplastique. Ils peuvent être transformés en agromatériaux par thermomoulage.

L'étude a consisté à effectuer l'inventaire, dans l'actuel département des Alpes-Maritimes, des sites archéologiques ayant produit de l'huile d'olive et du vin et à établir le catalogue des mobiliers dédiés à ces productions. A fin 2015, 70 sites ont été répertoriés, comportant 250 éléments de mobiliers appartenant principalement à des installations de pressage, ainsi qu'à quelques moulins à broyer les olives de type mola olearia, qui ont fait chacun l'objet d'une fiche. Les installations de pressage ont connu leur plus fort développement au début de l'Empire romain. Alors que la plupart des installations vinicoles cessent de produire au IIe siècle ap. J.-C. ou au début du IIIe siècle, , la production d'huile d'olive, après un ralentissement au IIIe s., est relancée au Bas-Empire, jusqu'à l'Antiquité tardive. Cette étude donne un premier aperçu global des aspects technologiques et économiques des productions d'huile d'olive et de vin dans la région
This work presents a catalogue of archeological sites and equipments related to the production of olive oil and wine in the present Département des Alpes-Maritimes. By the end of 2015, 70 sites had been indexed, including 250 archeological items , mostly concerning pressing facilities and some crushing mills (molae oleariae); all of which have been recorded on individual data sheets. The major development of the rural press settlements was found at the beginning of the Roman Empire. While most wineries stopped producing during the 2nd century A.C. or in the early 3rd century, the production of olive oil, after a slowing down in the 3rd century, experienced a revival during the Low Empire and until the Late Antiquity. The analysis has given a global first insight into the economic and technological dimensions of olive oil and wine production in the region

L’industrie aéronautique fait face à trois enjeux majeurs : la réduction de son empreinte environnementale, l’absorption de l’augmentation du trafic et le maintien d’un haut niveau de sécurité pour des systèmes de plus en plus complexes, à coûts équivalents. La maintenance prédictive permet de répondre en partie à ces trois enjeux. Les systèmes, dont on peut prédire la durée de vie peuvent être utilisés plus longtemps, ce qui diminue le nombre de composants utilisés sur la vie d’un avion. Prédire les pannes permet également d’augmenter la disponibilité des aéronefs en évitant les arrêts non planifiés. Enfin, le suivi de l’état de vieillissement de l’avion permet d’optimiser la maintenance et ainsi de réduire les coûts. Dans les années 2000, ces méthodologies ont été appliquées sur les moteurs. Elles commencent maintenant à se généraliser aux autres systèmes avioniques. Ainsi cette thèse concerne la mise au point de méthodologies amenant à la maintenance prédictive d’actionneurs électro – mécaniques (EMA) de commande de vol. Les problématiques et les contraintes (temps de calculs, quantités de mémoire…) liées à cette thématique sont détaillées. Dans un premier temps, le calcul de signatures de défauts est abordé. Une méthode pour les systèmes visécrou, basée sur l’identification d’un modèle de frottement, est proposée. Une deuxième méthode, reposant sur l’analyse des courants à partir d’une combinaison de décomposition modale empirique ensembliste complète et d’analyse aveugle de sources, est ensuite introduite. Ces deux méthodes sont testées sur des données issues de profils non opérationnels. Ces données sont issues d’un modèle de simulation représentant finement l’actionneur dans son environnement. L’ensemble des simulations représente des essais virtuels sur une population d’EMA. A partir de ces simulations, les signatures mises au point sont calculées. Puis, afin de valider ces signatures, des métriques de performances sont calculées. Le diagnostic par reconnaissance de formes est ensuite traité. Un algorithme reposant sur une combinaison de machine à vecteur de supports et de fonctions floues d’appartenances est proposé. Celui-ci peut notamment estimer la sévérité d’un défaut. Il permet également de détecter des points ne correspondant pas à la base d’apprentissage, qui peuvent représenter des défauts inconnus ou des points appartenant à plusieurs classes à la fois, pouvant représenter des cas de défauts combinés. L’architecture d’un système de diagnostic complet, basée sur l’algorithme conçu, est détaillée. Des validations expérimentales des méthodes de calcul de signatures et de diagnostic sont ensuite menées. Ces validations reposent sur trois bases issues de trois campagnes d’essais. La première repose sur des essais d’un EMA sain sur un banc représentatif. La deuxième concerne un moteur asynchrone en défaut en régime permanent. La dernière porte sur un moteur synchrone à aimants, de type aéronautique, en défaut de courtcircuit inter-spires en régime permanent. Le respect des contraintes par l’algorithme est vérifié. Enfin, des éléments pour aller vers le pronostic sont avancés. Le processus du pronostic est détaillé. Seule une partie de ce processus est traitée, sur des données issues de vieillissement de roulements. Dans un premier temps, le partitionnement de données de vieillissement pour créer des classes de sévérité de défaut est étudié. Cette tâche a amené à proposer une métrique, dite de cohérence temporelle, permettant de vérifier qu’un résultat de partitionnement satisfait aux contraintes pour le pronostic. Puis l’algorithme de classification proposé est validé sur les données partitionnées. Ceci amène à distinguer deux méthodes de validation, une approche dite diagnostic et une dite pronostic. Une méthode de normalisation, pour l’approche pronostic, est proposée. La prédiction des signatures dans le futur est ensuite traitée. Un algorithme de régression par vecteurs de support est utilisé [etc...]
The aeronautics industry is facing three major challenges: the reduction of its environmental impact, the absorption to the air traffic increase and a high level of safety for increasing complex systems, for equivalent costs. Predictive maintenance allows answering to these issues. Systems, for which the life can be predicted, can be used for a longer time. This reduces the number of components used in the lifetime of an aircraft. To predict failures also allow increasing the availability of aircrafts by avoiding unplanned downtime. Finally, monitoring the ageing of the aircraft allows to optimize maintenance and so to reduce costs. In the 2000s, these methodologies were applied to turbojets. It starts, now, to be generalized to others avionics systems. Therefore, this work deal with predictive maintenance methodologies for electromechanical actuator (EMA) for flight controls systems. Problems and constraints (computation time, memory quantities…) related to this subject are detailed. In a first part, fault feature computation methodologies are investigated. A first method is proposed for screw/nut systems. This method is based on the identification of a friction model. A second method, based on current analysis, is presented. This method uses a combination of empirical mode decomposition and independent component analysis. The two methods are tested on data from a non-operational profile. This data are from a simulation model which represents the EMA in the aircraft environment. The simulations performed represent virtual trials on a population of EMA. From these simulations, fault features are computed. Then, performances metrics are evaluated. Diagnosis by pattern recognition is then studied. An algorithm based on support vector machine and fuzzy membership functions is proposed. This algorithm can estimate the severity of a fault. It can also detect unknown observations, which can represent unknown faults or combined faults. The architecture of a global diagnosis system, based on the proposed algorithm, is detailed. Experimental validation of fault features computation and diagnosis algorithm is performed. These validations are based on three data bases. The first one is based on trials performed on a healthy EMA on a representative bench. The second consists in an induction motor at constant speed for different types of faults. The last one is from trials on a permanent magnet synchronous machine, of aeronautics type, for different kinds of short – circuit fault severities. The respect of the aeronautics constraints is verified. At last, elements for prognosis process are given. This process is detailed. Only a part of this process is treated, on a roller bearings benchmark database. First, the clustering for prognosis is studied. A metric, which allows verifying that the obtained clusters are coherent regarding time, and thus, checks the constraints for prognosis, is given. Then the proposed diagnosis algorithm is validated on the clustered data. This brought to perform two kinds of validation, a diagnosis oriented one and a prognosis oriented one. A method to normalize data for the prognosis oriented validation, based on sigmoid function, is given. The prediction of the features in the future is studied. A regression algorithm based on support vector regression is used. Finally, the diagnosis algorithm is applied to the predicted data. This allows to estimate the end of life, and so the remaining useful life for a given time. These estimations are evaluated regarding different kinds of performance metrics and regarding the constraints of the aeronautics applicative field

Este Plano de Negócio visa fazer uma análise a um investimento numa plataforma que ofereça serviços inovadores através de um modelo de negócio disruptivo - Multi-Sided Platform. Para tal, foi necessário fazer um estudo aprofundado quanto ao modelo de negócio e analisar a concorrência de forma a conhecer, de uma forma mais prática, como é o funcionamento de uma destas plataformas. Foi igualmente feito um estudo ao CANVAS e a todas as suas ferramentas de análise. Estas irão ajudar a estruturar melhor todo negócio. Finalmente, foi feito um estudo mais aprofundado do mercado em que esta plataforma irá incidir, que será o segmento do Turismo. Foi tanto feita uma análise macro relativo a turismo no Mundo, Europa e Portugal, como uma análise mais micro onde foi feito um estudo mais aprofundado a todas as regiões onde a plataforma irá actuar. Para completar este plano de negócio, foi indispensável o contacto entre várias entidades externas que ajudaram a estruturar a análise financeira através do fornecimento de orçamentos de custos que a plataforma irá ter para a implementação deste negócio no mercado
This business plan aims to analyze a possible investment at a platform that offers innovative services through a disruptive business model - Multi-Sided Platform. So, it was necessary to make a deep analise to this business model and also to study the competition in order to know how similar platforms work, in a more practical way. Also, it was studied the CANVAS tool deeply, at the nine blocks. This analise will help to make a better structure of all this business. Finally, it was studied the market where this platform will play, which will be the Tourism. It was made a macro analise, studying the tourism market in the World, in Europe and in Portugal, but also a micro analise making a deeper analise in all the regions where the platform will play. To complete this business plan it was indispensable lots of contacts among many different entities that provided several services, that this platform will need to develop, in order to ask for budgets.