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Donohoe, David, and Eamon Costello. "Data Visualisation Literacy in Higher Education: An Exploratory Study of Understanding of a Learning Dashboard Tool." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 17 (September 11, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i17.15041.
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The visualisation of data has become ubiquitous. Visualisations are used to represent data in a way that is easy to understand and useful in our lives. Each data visualisation needs to be suitable to extract the correct information to complete a task and make an informed decision while minimising the impact of biases. To achieve this, the ability to create and read visualisations has become as important as the ability to read and write. Therefore, the Information Visualisation community is applying more attention to literacy and decision making in data vis-ualisations. Until recently, researchers lacked valid and reliable test in-struments to measure the literacy of users or the taxonomy to detect biased judgement in data visualisations. A literature review showed there is relatively little research on data visualisations for different user data literacy levels in authentic settings and a lack of studies that pro-vide evidence for the presence of cognitive biases in data visualisa-tions. This exploratory research study was undertaken to develop a method to assess perceived usefulness and confidence in reporting dashboards within higher education by adapting existing research in-struments. A survey was designed to test perceived usefulness, per-ceived skill and 24 multiple-choice test items covering six data visuali-sations based on eight tasks. The study was sent to 157 potential par-ticipants, with a response rate of 20.38%. The results showed data vis-ualisations are useful, but the purpose of some data visualisations is not always understood. Also, we showed there is a consensus that re-spondents perceive their data visualisation literacy is higher than they believe their peers to be. However, the higher their overconfidence, the lower their actual data visualisation literacy score. Finally, we discuss the benefits, limitations and possible future research areas.
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Idrissov, Agzam, Simon Rapp, Albert Albers, and Anja M. Maier. "DEVELOPING SYSTEMS VISUALISATIONS IN DESIGN THROUGH A TYPOLOGY OF VISUAL TASKS: A MECHATRONIC CASE." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.121.
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AbstractVisual representations are essential to design. Data-rich representations such as systems visualisations are gaining prominence in engineering practice. However, as such visualisations are often developed ad-hoc, we propose more systematically to link visual tasks with design-specific tasks for which the visualisations are used. Whereas research on such linking focuses mostly on CAD models and sketches, no such studies are yet available for systems visualisations. Thus, this paper introduces a typology of visual tasks from the Information Visualisation field to aid the development of systems visualisations in design. To build a visualisation using the typology, a case study with engineering students developing an autonomous robot was conducted. Through interviews and analysis of product representations used, design-specific tasks were identified and decomposed into visual tasks. Then, a visualisation that assisted the team in performing their design activities was created. Results illustrate the benefits of using such a typology to describe visual tasks and generate systems visualisations. The study suggests implications for researchers studying visual representations in design as well as for developers of systems visualisations.
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Sibolla, B. H., T. Van Zyl, and S. Coetzee. "TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TAXONOMY FOR VISUALISATION OF STREAMED GEOSPATIAL DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-2-129-2016.
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Geospatial data has very specific characteristics that need to be carefully captured in its visualisation, in order for the user and the viewer to gain knowledge from it. The science of visualisation has gained much traction over the last decade as a response to various visualisation challenges. During the development of an open source based, dynamic two-dimensional visualisation library, that caters for geospatial streaming data, it was found necessary to conduct a review of existing geospatial visualisation taxonomies. The review was done in order to inform the design phase of the library development, such that either an existing taxonomy can be adopted or extended to fit the needs at hand. The major challenge in this case is to develop dynamic two dimensional visualisations that enable human interaction in order to assist the user to understand the data streams that are continuously being updated. This paper reviews the existing geospatial data visualisation taxonomies that have been developed over the years. Based on the review, an adopted taxonomy for visualisation of geospatial streaming data is presented. Example applications of this taxonomy are also provided. The adopted taxonomy will then be used to develop the information model for the visualisation library in a further study.
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Sibolla, B. H., T. Van Zyl, and S. Coetzee. "TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TAXONOMY FOR VISUALISATION OF STREAMED GEOSPATIAL DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-2-129-2016.
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Geospatial data has very specific characteristics that need to be carefully captured in its visualisation, in order for the user and the viewer to gain knowledge from it. The science of visualisation has gained much traction over the last decade as a response to various visualisation challenges. During the development of an open source based, dynamic two-dimensional visualisation library, that caters for geospatial streaming data, it was found necessary to conduct a review of existing geospatial visualisation taxonomies. The review was done in order to inform the design phase of the library development, such that either an existing taxonomy can be adopted or extended to fit the needs at hand. The major challenge in this case is to develop dynamic two dimensional visualisations that enable human interaction in order to assist the user to understand the data streams that are continuously being updated. This paper reviews the existing geospatial data visualisation taxonomies that have been developed over the years. Based on the review, an adopted taxonomy for visualisation of geospatial streaming data is presented. Example applications of this taxonomy are also provided. The adopted taxonomy will then be used to develop the information model for the visualisation library in a further study.
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Kehl, C., R. P. B. Fischer, and E. van Sebille. "PRACTICES, PITFALLS AND GUIDELINES IN VISUALISING LAGRANGIAN OCEAN ANALYSES." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-4-2021 (June 17, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2021-217-2021.
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Abstract. The Lagrangian analysis of particulate matter, biota and drifters, which are dispersed by turbulent fluid currents, is a cornerstone of oceanographic studies, covering diverse study objectives. The results of Lagrangian simulations and observations is predominantly visualised by means of easy-access plotting interfaces and simple presentation techniques. We analysed over 50 publications from the years 2010–2020 with respect to their visual design to deduce common visualisation practices in the domain. Individual figures are analysed towards adherence to visualisation best-practices, algebraic visualisation guidelines and the IPCC visual style guide. In this article, we present the resulting best-practices and common pitfalls in the design of Lagrangian ocean visualisations. Based on this visual study, we highlight that raising awareness of established visual guidelines may have a higher impact on improving the visual quality of publications in oceanography than the vigorous development of more general-purpose visualisation tools.
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Laing, Richard, Anne-Marie Davies, David Miller, Anna Conniff, Stephen Scott, and Jane Morrice. "The Application of Visual Environmental Economics in the Study of Public Preference and Urban Greenspace." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 355–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b33140.
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Urban greenspace has consistently been argued to be of great importance to the wellbeing, health, and daily lives of residents and users. This paper reports results from a study that combined the visualisation of public results from a study that combined the visualisation of public greenspace with environmental economics, and that aimed to develop a method by which realistic computer models of sites could be used within preference studies. As part of a methodology that employed contingent rating to establish the values placed on specific greenspace sites, three-dimensional computer models were used to produce visualisations of particular environmental conditions. Of particular importance to the study was the influence of variables including lighting, season, time of day, and weather on the perception of respondents. This study followed previous work that established a suitable approach to the modelling and testing of entirely moveable physical variables within the built environment. As such, the study has established firmly that computer-generated visualisations are appropriate for use within environmental economic surveys, and that there is potential for a holistic range of attributes to be included in such studies.
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Bayliss, Richard. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND VISUALISATION: THE VIEW FROM BYZANTIUM." Late Antique Archaeology 1, no. 1 (2003): 26–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000012.
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This paper will explore the relationship between the methodologies used in archaeology for recording buildings and landscapes and the development of computer visualisation technology, with specific reference to late antique and Byzantine archaeology. The principal aim is to highlight the applicability of visualisation technologies as the critical solutions to the presentation and investigation of survey data and reciprocally to demonstrate that meaningful computer visualisations benefit from a secure underpinning of archaeological survey data. My intention is to show that computer visualisation should not be seen solely as a vehicle for archaeological reconstruction but rather can be viewed as an integral part of the process of interpretation. The first of two case studies is the Anastasian Wall Project, a survey of a massive linear fortification in Turkish Thrace, which presented a series of practical problems both in terms of data capture and representation. The applicability of computer-based techniques for the integration and visualisation of various forms of survey data will be further investigated through the study of the Alacami, a multi-period Byzantine church in Cilicia, before some final comment is made on the current and potential roles of computer visualisation in Byzantine archaeology.
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Bravo, A., and A. M. Maier. "IMMERSIVE VISUALISATIONS IN DESIGN: USING AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) FOR INFORMATION PRESENTATION." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.33.
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AbstractImmersive visualisations introduce new possibilities for experiencing design, and as such for presenting information. To date, studies in design have focused mostly on immersive visualisations supporting product decisions. However, little attention has been paid to information presentation, e.g. in design reviews, for decisions in the boardroom, and/or for client presentations. This study with industry practitioners identifies information presentation practices and challenges, develops an immersive visualisation prototype, and explores opportunities for the use of immersive visualisations.
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Alcíbar, Miguel. "Information visualisation as a resource for popularising the technical-biomedical aspects of the last Ebola virus epidemic: The case of the Spanish reference press." Public Understanding of Science 27, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662517702047.
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This study explores the role that information visualisation played in the popularisation of the technical-biomedical aspects of the last Ebola virus epidemic, the most devastating to date. Applying content analysis methods, the total population of information visualisations ( N = 209) was coded and analysed to identify topics, and to define features and identify patterns in the images. The corpus was based on the record of articles with graphics appearing in five Spanish reference newspapers from 22 March 2014 to 13 January 2016, the start and suppression of the epidemic, respectively. The results suggest that information visualisation was a key factor in the popularisation of the epidemic’s technical-biomedical aspects, as well as contributing actively to construct, in the words of Myers, a narrative of nature.
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Ślusarski, Marek, and Magdalena Jurkiewicz. "Visualisation of Spatial Data Uncertainty. A Case Study of a Database of Topographic Objects." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010016.
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The Database of Topographic Objects (DTO) is the official database of Poland for collecting and providing spatial data with the detail level of a topographic map. Polish national DTOs manage information about the spatial location and attribute values of geographic objects. Data in the DTO are the starting point for geographic information systems (GISs) for various central and local governments as well as private institutions. Every set of spatial data based on measurement-derived data is susceptible to uncertainty. Therefore, the widespread awareness of data uncertainty is of vital importance to all GIS users. Cartographic visualisation techniques are an effective approach to informing spatial dataset users about the uncertainty of the data. The objective of the research was to define a set of methods for visualising the DTO data uncertainty using expert know-how and experience. This set contains visualisation techniques for presenting three types of uncertainty: positional, attribute, and temporal. The positional uncertainty for point objects was presented using visual variables, object fill with hue colour and lightness, and glyphs placed at map symbol positions. The positional uncertainty for linear objects was presented using linear object contours made of dotted lines and glyphs at vertices. Fill grain density and contour crispness were employed to represent the positional uncertainty for surface objects. The attribute value uncertainty and the temporal uncertainty were represented using fill grain density and fill colour value. The proposed set of the DTO uncertainty visualisation methods provides a finite array of visualisation techniques that can be tested and juxtaposed. The visualisation methods were comprehensively evaluated in a survey among experts who use spatial databases. Results of user preference analysis have demonstrated that the set of the DTO data uncertainty visualisation techniques may be applied to the full extent. The future implementation of the proposed visualisation methods in GIS databases will help data users interpret values correctly.
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Sithole, Seedwell, Ragini Datt, Paul de Lange, and Meredith Tharapos. "Learning accounting through visual representations." Accounting Research Journal 34, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-06-2018-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of diagrammatic visualisation techniques versus sentential learning contexts in an accounting subject using the theoretical lens of cognitive load theory (CLT). Design/methodology/approach The present study used four groups of students; two groups completed a task using diagrammatic visualisation learning materials, with one of the groups undertaking their leaning activities collaboratively and another on an individual basis, whereas two comparison groups were given a sentential learning context without diagrams, with one group undertaking their leaning activities collaboratively and the other individually. In addition to performance grades, cognitive load self-report scores were also elicited from participants. Findings The findings of this study indicate support for diagrammatic visualisation techniques for students working collaboratively. Compared with sentential learners, the authors find significantly improved test performance for students who work collaboratively in a diagrammatic visualisation environment. Students in the visualisation environments obtained higher grades than those in the sentential group. In terms of mental effort, students in the visualisation conditions reported the lowest cognitive load. Practical implications The authors conclude that diagrammatic visualisation learning techniques enhance student performance outcomes, particularly for those who work collaboratively. CLT assists in the understanding of the mental processes involved in learning. Instructional designers need to consider CLT when developing diagrammatic visualisation material to enable students to obtain the best possible learning outcomes. Originality/value This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the use of diagrammatic visualisation materials as an alternative to text when learning accounting. The study explores the effect of visualisation material on students’ cognitive load by analysing their mental effort. The study contributes useful findings on visualisation as a conduit to enhancing the understanding of accounting using CLT principles.
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Haggerty, John, Sheryllynne Haggerty, and Mark Taylor. "Forensic triage of email network narratives through visualisation." Information Management & Computer Security 22, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imcs-11-2013-0080.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach that automates the visualisation of both quantitative data (the network) and qualitative data (the content) within emails to aid the triage of evidence during a forensics investigation. Email remains a key source of evidence during a digital investigation, and a forensics examiner may be required to triage and analyse large email data sets for evidence. Current practice utilises tools and techniques that require a manual trawl through such data, which is a time-consuming process. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies the methodology to the Enron email corpus, and in particular one key suspect, to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. Resulting visualisations of network narratives are discussed to show how network narratives may be used to triage large evidence data sets. Findings – Using the network narrative approach enables a forensics examiner to quickly identify relevant evidence within large email data sets. Within the case study presented in this paper, the results identify key witnesses, other actors of interest to the investigation and potential sources of further evidence. Practical implications – The implications are for digital forensics examiners or for security investigations that involve email data. The approach posited in this paper demonstrates the triage and visualisation of email network narratives to aid an investigation and identify potential sources of electronic evidence. Originality/value – There are a number of network visualisation applications in use. However, none of these enable the combined visualisation of quantitative and qualitative data to provide a view of what the actors are discussing and how this shapes the network in email data sets.
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Lin, Qiyin, Zhengying Wei, Ning Wang, Shengli Ma, and Wei Chen. "Visualisation study on flow field of bearing lubrication." Lubrication Science 27, no. 2 (February 26, 2014): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.1256.
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Archambault, Daniel, and Helen C. Purchase. "On the effective visualisation of dynamic attribute cascades." Information Visualization 15, no. 1 (April 6, 2015): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871615576758.
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Cascades appear in many applications, including biological graphs and social media analysis. In a cascade, a dynamic attribute propagates through a graph, following its edges. We present the results of a formal user study that tests the effectiveness of different types of cascade visualisations on node-link diagrams for the task of judging cascade spread. Overall, we found that a small multiples presentation was significantly faster than animation with no significant difference in terms of error rate. Participants generally preferred animation over small multiples and a hierarchical layout to a force-directed layout. Considering each presentation method separately, when comparing force-directed layouts to hierarchical layouts, hierarchical layouts were found to be significantly faster for both presentation methods and significantly more accurate for animation. Representing the history of the cascade had no significant effect. Thus, for our task, this experiment supports the use of a small multiples interface with hierarchically drawn graphs for the visualisation of cascades. This work is important because without these empirical results, designers of dynamic multivariate visualisations (in many applications) would base their design decisions on intuition with little empirical support as to whether these decisions enhance usability.
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Laing, Richard, Amar Bennadji, and David Gray. "Traffic Control and CO2 Reduction." International Journal of E-Planning Research 2, no. 1 (January 2013): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2013010103.
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The aim of the research described in this article was to explore the use of intelligent virtual transport modelling, within the context of a case study involving the development of a University estate. Through the application of visualisation techniques, the study was able to explore how such techniques can lead to enlightenment of potential solutions, whilst simultaneously demonstrating the effects of design solutions on CO2 emissions. The research used UC-win/Road software to support the visualisation component. The software supports the integration of road planning within urban settings and enables the creation of walkthrough visualisations, useful in communication with non-specialist end users. Outcomes of the research included an animation to assist planners in the consideration of travel time, distance and staff experience. Vitally, though, this is intrinsically connected with a study of how one can ensure that visual elements of a design process are undertaken to support complex technical, social and environmental decision making. The work is placed within a consideration of participation in the planning and design of sustainable transport approaches in urban areas, and the approach described should be viewed within this context.
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Szczepańska, Agnieszka, Rafał Kaźmierczak, and Monika Myszkowska. "Virtual Reality as a Tool for Public Consultations in Spatial Planning and Management." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196046.
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Planning and management of urban space that involves the local community the process is key to optimal management of the surroundings, in line with social needs. Social isolation imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic considerably reduces the possibility of conducting public consultations. This study hypothesized that such consultations can be carried out using new visualisation technologies in the virtual reality (VR) area. Owing to the development of new technologies, innovative services can be created which make it easier for recipients to absorb new content. To this end, the ArchitektVR application was developed, which uses enhanced reality for public consultations concerning planned land development. 3D visualisation with VR enables the presentation of various aspects of area development in a clear form, understandable to an average user with no specialist qualifications. It facilitates the presentation and creation of multiple variants/scenarios for the future shape of the area. The research assumptions were tested for a disused area of a water body. According to preliminary tests, the use of virtual reality could provide a new form of communication between decision-makers and citizens. Effective and easy-to-understand visualisations might provide encouragement to participate in local matters and enable citizens to make better decisions. 3D visualisation enabled concerned individuals to assess the potential development of a selected area fragment without an in-person visit, either in the field or to an office. This is of particular importance in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and sanitary restrictions.
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Nair, Venugopal Achuthan, Brahmanandan Radhika Devi, Jagathnath Krishna Kumarapillai Mohanan Nair, Cherian Koshy Rachel, and Munish Palliyalil Kakkolil. "Direct laryngoscopy versus video laryngoscopy for expected difficult tracheal intubation a prospective observational study." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2021.052.
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: Difficult tracheal intubation still contributes significantly to anaesthesia related morbidity and mortality. Poor visualisation of laryngeal structures and multiple attempts at intubation are the leading causes with the conventional laryngoscopes. Though the recently introduced video assisted devices have significantly improved the ease of intubation by their superior laryngeal visualisation, the duration of intubation may vary. Here we compared the ease of tracheal intubation using Macintosh conventional direct laryngoscope (DL) and C- MAC videolaryngoscope (VL) in patients with expected difficult tracheal intubation. A total of 140 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia with Modified Mallampati Class 3 and 4 found during the preoperative airway assessment were equally recruited to either of the groups. We compared the duration of tracheal intubation, visualisation of the laryngeal inlet, additional optimising manoeuvres required, and number of attempts at intubation and incidence of oral trauma assessed at extubation between the two groups.: Analysis done using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software; Windows version 11.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Intubation time was significantly longer in patients with VL than DL (P 0.0001) whereas visualisation of laryngeal inlet was significantly better with VL (P 0.001). Additional optimising manoeuvres (P 0.001) and incidence of oral trauma (P 0.012) were significantly less with VL whereas intubation attempts were found comparable (P 0.586).: Though VL provided significantly better laryngeal view with less need for optimising manoeuvres and less oral trauma compared to DL, the duration of intubation was significantly more with the former.
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Fanshawe, Thomas R., Michael Power, Sara Graziadio, José M. Ordóñez-Mena, John Simpson, and Joy Allen. "Interactive visualisation for interpreting diagnostic test accuracy study results." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2017-110862.
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Information about the performance of diagnostic tests is typically presented in the form of measures of test accuracy such as sensitivity and specificity. These measures may be difficult to translate directly into decisions about patient treatment, for which information presented in the form of probabilities of disease after a positive or a negative test result may be more useful. These probabilities depend on the prevalence of the disease, which is likely to vary between populations. This article aims to clarify the relationship between pre-test (prevalence) and post-test probabilities of disease, and presents two free, online interactive tools to illustrate this relationship. These tools allow probabilities of disease to be compared with decision thresholds above and below which different treatment decisions may be indicated. They are intended to help those involved in communicating information about diagnostic test performance and are likely to be of benefit when teaching these concepts. A substantive example is presented using C reactive protein as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infection in the older adult population. The tools may also be useful for manufacturers of clinical tests in planning product development, for authors of test evaluation studies to improve reporting and for users of test evaluations to facilitate interpretation and application of the results.
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Touhafi, Abdellah, An Braeken, Yannick Verbelen, and Francis Gueuning. "Comparative Study of Electronics Visualisation Techniques for E-Learning." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v2i2.2085.
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Gupta, Govind S., Jim D. Litster, Victor R. Rudolph, and Edward T. White. "Flow visualisation study in porous media using X-rays." Steel Research 68, no. 10 (October 1997): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199700579.
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Torregrosa-Fuentes, David, Yolanda Spairani Berrio, José Antonio Huesca Tortosa, Jaime Cuevas González, and Adrián José Torregrosa Fuentes. "Aplicación de la fotogrametría automatizada y de técnicas de iluminación con herramientas SIG para la visualización y el análisis de una piedra con relieves antropomorfos." Virtual Archaeology Review 9, no. 19 (July 20, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2018.9531.
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<p><strong>Extended Abstract:</strong></p><p>We present a methodological approach for the representation, visualisation and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) models of meaningful details in stone reliefs provided by digital documentation tools and subsequent processing. For this aim, anthropomorphous shapes engraved on a flat stone slab found in Sierra de Fontcalent (Alicante) are studied. The object under consideration was located near two archaeological sites, Cova del Fum–a cave with presence of the Chalcolithic material (López, 2010)–and the archaeological site of Fontcalent, with remains from different phases of occupation spanning from 7th-6thBC to the 20thcentury (Ximénez, 2012).</p><p>In the last few years, the use of digital tools provided by new technologies and software development has left traditional work methodology behind (De Reu et al., 2014)while enabling the development of new approaches to both minimise heritage alteration and provide objective and accurate information (Lopez-Menchero, Marchante, Vincent, Cárdenas, & Onrubia, 2017). 3D documentation allows recording of cultural heritage at a reasonable cost with precision and quality through digital photography and SfM (Structure from Motion) photogrammetry with specialised software (De Reu et al., 2013).</p><p>In this project, recording and documentation with digital photography and automated photogrammetric techniques are applied to the Fontcalent stone slab for its digitisation and subsequent 3D representation. From the resulting model, a two-folded line of study is obtained. On the one hand, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is generated to study the microtopographies of the stone with geographic analysis techniques provided by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from different lighting conditions and surface reflections, which are calculated by hillshading or LRM (Local Relief Model) for the interpretation of the object (Carrero-Pazos, Vilas, Romaní, & Rodríguez, 2014;Gawior, Rutkiewicz, Malik & Wistuba, 2017).On the other hand, from both the 3D model and the point cloud, the study is completed with the application of the methods of analysis and visualisation based on the Morphological Residue Model (MRM) which stands out every single detail of the surface morphology of the object (Caninas, Pires, Henriques, & Chambino, 2016;Correia, Pires, & Sousa, 2014). Further visualisations are based on Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) which provides different shadows and reflections over the object from the application of a multidirectional illumination (Happa et al., 2010; Malzbender, Gelb, Wolters, & Zuckerman, 2000; Mudge et al., 2010).</p><p>The results thus obtained of the Fontcalent stone slab allow us to visualise several characteristic elements. The anthropomorphous figure awaking interest is also combined with the figure resulting from different visualisations applied with GIS techniques which may resemble a zoomorph. The use of visualisation techniques shown in this study has been fundamental in order to recognise the latter element. The composition reveals a zigzag line already appreciated before the study so that it is interesting to check if visualisations based on GIS techniques are able to highlight it though being shallow incisions. In our experience regarding this study, visualisation by using the hillshading technique shows a greater level of 3D detail than that provided by the application of the sky-view factor technique which offers a flattering view. However, the former technique may occasionally show shadows which hide other details, unlike the latter technique which plots the entire slab surface illuminated while differentiating the associated microtopography on the basis of its marks. The use of shaders in combination with hillshading and particularly combined with high pass filtering, contributes to improving the visualisation and accuracy of shadowed areas. As a result, we conclude that the results obtained in this work by lighting techniques with GIS add a greater level of detail in comparison to those provided by the mesh or the point cloud.</p><p>The study of the Fontcalent stone slab paves the way for two working hypotheses to be developed: on the one hand, its anthropological origin possibly related to the Chalcolithic, and on the other hand, its study as natural geological formations with ichnofossils.</p><p>The digitisation of cultural heritage with available 3D technologies should be a mandatory requirement when facing any study, analysis or intervention. With the current development of such techniques, we have verified their contribution to fundamental characteristics in the corresponding stages of visualisation and study. Thus, the proposed methodology is presented as an accurate and complete alternative for the study and analysis of the existing cultural heritage, and opens new ways for the revision, reinterpretation and revaluation of the previously evaluated heritage through traditional techniques.</p>
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Happa, Jassim, Ioannis Agrafiotis, Martin Helmhout, Thomas Bashford-Rogers, Michael Goldsmith, and Sadie Creese. "Assessing a Decision Support Tool for SOC Analysts." Digital Threats: Research and Practice 2, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3430753.
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It is difficult to discern real-world consequences of attacks on an enterprise when investigating network-centric data alone. In recent years, many tools have been developed to help understand attacks using visualisation, but few aim to predict real-world consequences. We have developed a visualisation tool that aims to improve decision support during attacks in Security Operation Centres (SOCs). Our tool visualises propagation of risks from sensor alert data to Business Process (BP) tasks. This is an important capability gap present in many SOCs today, as most threat detection tools are technology-centric. In this article, we present a user study that assesses our tool’s usability and ability to support the analyst. Ten analysts from seven SOCs performed carefully designed tasks related to understanding risks and recovery decision-making. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions with simulated attacks and used a mixed-method approach to collect data from questionnaires, eye tracking, and semi-structured interviews. Our findings suggest that relating business tasks to network asset in visualisations can help analysts prioritise response strategies. Finally, our article also provides an in-depth discussion on user studies conducted with SOC analysts more generally, including lessons learned, recommendations and a critique of our own study.
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Corrigan, Philip. "On Visualisation as Power." Sociological Review 35, no. 1_suppl (May 1987): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1987.tb00089.x.
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Meanings Offering three texts-as-images (to illustrate photogrammar), a sketch is made of analogies between Foucault's pastoral powers and the grammar of the picturesque and the picturable as part of an investigation of the dialexis of Authority and Difference. Picturing, it is argued, works not only in the depicting but in the photogrammar of what and whom is shown how, they thus encourage ways of seeing and saying more general than any one re-presentation. Critique begins with the stress on these selecting and dividing practices but must then move to a study of orthogonality (who is projecting whom) as a particular form of Authority in relation to Difference. Comme toujours, distanciation that makes this feature of cartography clear begins with making strange what is obvious (hence innocence, naivété) and being a little gauche (hence stupidity). Memories We forget, or at least I do. In close analogy with W. B. Yeats' poem for ‘Unknown Instructors’, I acknowledge here the influence of Jean Luc Godard and, in part through him, Ludwig Wittgenstein. Reviewing Godard's work, in a retrospective in Toronto (February-March, 1988) I was struck by the meanings and questions and methods I had taken from his work, especially from Les Carabiniers (1962) in the closing scene where these Rifle- men return with their booty: their postcards acting as the real; equally from the Godard-Gorin Letter to Jane (1972), how the struggle for new questions instead of old answers has to be a difference done differently. But, sentimentally, nothing surpasses (and in this reviewing I wept again) Alphaville (1965) for its insight into Authority as grammar, and as Terror. Thank you.
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Roslan, Rose Khairunnisa, and Azlina Ahmad. "3D Spatial Visualisation Skills Training Application for School Students Using Hologram Pyramid." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 1, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.1.4.61.
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Students need good visualisation skills to perform well in the field of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). However, two preliminary studies conducted with six teachers and fifty (50) Year 4 students at a local school showed that most of them are facing difficulties in visualizing 3D objects. From these findings and review of literature, we proposed a conceptual model called 3D Spatial Visual Skills Training (3D SVST) model. The 3D SVST model was applied as a basis to develop an application to improve 3D visualisation skills among elementary school students using a floating image technology known as hologram pyramid. In this paper, we report the findings from evaluation of students’ performance in visualisation skills test using 3D SVST application. Fifty (50) Year 4 students from a local school in the state of Selangor participated in the study. Two types of tests were conducted on students; 3D visualisation skills test using paper and 3D visualisation skills test using hologram pyramid. The tests include Paper Folding Task (PFT), Mental Rotating Task (MRT) and Virtual Building Component (VBC). The results show that students’ visualisation skills improved when using the hologram pyramid application. The study also found that students performed better in PFT but lower in MRT and VBC. From the findings, we can conclude that hologram pyramid has a positive impact on visualisation skills of students. Therefore, it has the potential to be used in classroom to complement other teaching and learning materials
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Zlatanova, Sisi, Laure Itard, Mahmud Shahrear Kibria, and Machiel van Dorst. "A User Requirements Study of Digital 3D Models for Urban Renewal." Open House International 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2010-b0005.
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Urban renewal is a multifaceted activity that involves numerous actors, software, and types of data. Design communication tools play an important role in this process. Visual information helps to outline, understand, and choose sustainable solutions for problems in the design, while visual tools should be able to diminish professional differences and establish a common language. Recent 3D geo-technologies offer a great variety of new tools that significantly enrich visualisation possibilities and allow for flexible switching between different 3D representations. However, studies have indicated that particular representations create different perceptions in professional compared to non-professional individuals. This paper discusses the specifics of urban renewal processes in the Netherlands and investigates recently developed 3D geo-information technology, and more specifically multiple 3D representations, that can support this task. The concept of LOD, which uses five levels of information, was evaluated as a very promising approach to agree on abstractions and representations in the different renewal phases. The study did not reveal a lack of digital possibilities for visualisation, but instead showed that the simultaneous visualisation of the proposed alternatives should be a priority. This investigation did reveal that different levels of interactivity could be used for the presentation and communication of project alternatives.
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Payo, Andres, Jon R. French, James Sutherland, Michael A. Ellis, and Michael Walkden. "Communicating Simulation Outputs of Mesoscale Coastal Evolution to Specialist and Non-Specialist Audiences." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040235.
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Coastal geomorphologists and engineers worldwide are increasingly facing the non-trivial challenge of visualising and communicating mesoscale modelling assumptions, uncertainties and outcomes to both coastal specialists and decision-makers. Visualisation of simulation outcomes is a non-trivial problem because the more abstract scientific visualisation techniques favoured by specialists for data exploration and hypothesis-testing are not always as successful at engaging decision-makers and planners. In this paper, we show how the risk of simulation model outcomes becoming disconnected from more realistic visualisations of model outcomes can be minimised by using the Coastal Modelling Environment (CoastalME). CoastalME is a modelling framework for coastal mesoscale morphological modelling that can achieve close linkages between the scientific model abstractions, in the form of lines, areas and volumes, and the 3D representation of topographic and bathymetric surfaces and shallow sub-surface sediment composition. We propose and illustrate through the study case of Happisburgh (eastern England, UK), a transparent methodology to merge the required variety of data types and formats into a 3D-thickness model that is used to initialise a simulation. We conclude by highlighting some of the barriers to the adoption of the methodology proposed.
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Kadar, Rozita, Jamal Othman, Naemah Abdul Wahab, and Saiful Nizam Warris. "Semantic Metadata Information (SMI) Visualisation Technique Using the Integration of Ontology and UML Graph-Based Approach to Support Program Comprehension." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 4, no. 1 (November 3, 2019): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v4i1.107.
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Representing any ideas with pictures rather than words is intuitively more appealing because a visual presentation can be more readily understood than that of textual-based. Program visualisation is one of the techniques that can be used in teaching to help users in understanding how programs work. Program visualisation technique is a mental image or a visual representation of an object, scene, person or abstraction that is similar to visual perception. This technique is significant to users because the criteria of source code cannot be physically viewed. It is applicable in the process of writing programs as it helps users to understand their codes better. The purpose of program visualisation is to translate a program into a graphical view to show either the program code, data or control flow. Visualisation technique uses the capability of human visual system to enhance program comprehensibility. Thus, this study uses program visualisation technique to represent program domain in a graphical view to help novices in improving their comprehension. This research aims to support beginners or novice programmers who have been exposed to programming languages by providing effective visualisation technique.
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HRONČEK, Pavel, Karol WEIS, and Vladimír ČECH. "Virtual tourism on the example of the defunct Koscelisko medieval church in the North-Western Slovakia." European Journal of Geography 11, no. 3 (December 13, 2020): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.p.hro.11.3.96.107.
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The primary objective of this paper is to present opportunities for creating virtual 3D models of defunct historical buildings, reconstructed on the basis of archival and field research, and the effective promotion and visualisation of such models through a thematic web application. The secondary objective is to increase the tourism potential and attractiveness of the various historical sites and the studied region. The comprehensive methodical processing of documents and the creation of 3D models of objects and other digital visualisation requires not only high-quality programmers and graphic artists, but especially scientists who create historically-relevant descriptive texts, real schemes, and historically acceptable models that can be computer-processed, visualised, and used as an effective tool for the development of tourism. Research and follow-up activities require an interdisciplinary approach, i.e. the cooperation of experts from various disciplines. The research processed in this study points out that even simple, now widely available modern means of communication, such as websites, can be effectively used for the promotion and publicity of this type of attraction. High-quality 3D models and visualisations of buildings and specific destinations, or cultural and technical monuments, can thus become available to tourists also outside museums. This paper introduces the opportunities of digital presentation of preserved, partially defunct and, especially, completely defunct historical buildings and sites that are often almost unknown to tourists. In many cases, only their shells or foundations remain. In terms of cultural heritage conservation and monument protection, these sites are often among the most important religious buildings from various historical periods. This study focuses on the Middle Ages and locations in Slovakia (former Hungary), and presents a methodology that is generally applicable for the research and visualisation of any similar cultural sites, and thus opening up their potential to tourists.
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Cartucho, João, David Shapira, Hutan Ashrafian, and Stamatia Giannarou. "Multimodal mixed reality visualisation for intraoperative surgical guidance." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 15, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02165-4.
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Abstract Purpose In the last decade, there has been a great effort to bring mixed reality (MR) into the operating room to assist surgeons intraoperatively. However, progress towards this goal is still at an early stage. The aim of this paper is to propose a MR visualisation platform which projects multiple imaging modalities to assist intraoperative surgical guidance. Methodology In this work, a MR visualisation platform has been developed for the Microsoft HoloLens. The platform contains three visualisation components, namely a 3D organ model, volumetric data, and tissue morphology captured with intraoperative imaging modalities. Furthermore, a set of novel interactive functionalities have been designed including scrolling through volumetric data and adjustment of the virtual objects’ transparency. A pilot user study has been conducted to evaluate the usability of the proposed platform in the operating room. The participants were allowed to interact with the visualisation components and test the different functionalities. Each surgeon answered a questionnaire on the usability of the platform and provided their feedback and suggestions. Results The analysis of the surgeons’ scores showed that the 3D model is the most popular MR visualisation component and neurosurgery is the most relevant speciality for this platform. The majority of the surgeons found the proposed visualisation platform intuitive and would use it in their operating rooms for intraoperative surgical guidance. Our platform has several promising potential clinical applications, including vascular neurosurgery. Conclusion The presented pilot study verified the potential of the proposed visualisation platform and its usability in the operating room. Our future work will focus on enhancing the platform by incorporating the surgeons’ suggestions and conducting extensive evaluation on a large group of surgeons.
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Stryczniewicz, Wit. "Quantitative Visualisation of Compressible Flows." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2018, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2018-0009.
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Abstract The paper demonstrates the feasibility of quantitative flow visualisation methods for investigation of transonic and supersonic flows. Two methods and their application for retrieving compressible flow field properties has been described: Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Recently introduced BOS technique extends the capabilities of classical Schlieren technique by use of digital image processing and allow to measure density gradients field. In the presented paper a review of applications of BOS technique has been presented. The PIV is well established technique for whole field velocity measurements. This paper presents application of PIV for determination of the shock wave position above airfoil in transonic flow regime. The study showed that application of quantitative flow visualisation techniques allows to gain new insights on the complex phenomenon of supersonic and transonic flow over airfoils like shock-boundary layer interaction and shock induced flow separation.
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Szynkiewicz, Wojciech, Włodzimierz Kasprzak, Cezary Zieliński, Wojciech Dudek, Maciej Stefańczyk, Artur Wilkowski, and Maksym Figat. "Utilisation of Embodied Agents in the Design of Smart Human–Computer Interfaces—A Case Study in Cyberspace Event Visualisation Control." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060976.
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The goal of the research reported here was to investigate whether the design methodology utilising embodied agents can be applied to produce a multi-modal human–computer interface for cyberspace events visualisation control. This methodology requires that the designed system structure be defined in terms of cooperating agents having well-defined internal components exhibiting specified behaviours. System activities are defined in terms of finite state machines and behaviours parameterised by transition functions. In the investigated case the multi-modal interface is a component of the Operational Centre which is a part of the National Cybersecurity Platform. Embodied agents have been successfully used in the design of robotic systems. However robots operate in physical environments, while cyberspace events visualisation involves cyberspace, thus the applied design methodology required a different definition of the environment. It had to encompass the physical environment in which the operator acts and the computer screen where the results of those actions are presented. Smart human–computer interaction (HCI) is a time-aware, dynamic process in which two parties communicate via different modalities, e.g., voice, gesture, eye movement. The use of computer vision and machine intelligence techniques are essential when the human is carrying an exhausting and concentration demanding activity. The main role of this interface is to support security analysts and operators controlling visualisation of cyberspace events like incidents or cyber attacks especially when manipulating graphical information. Visualisation control modalities include visual gesture- and voice-based commands.
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Tress, Bärbel, and Gunther Tress. "Scenario visualisation for participatory landscape planning—a study from Denmark." Landscape and Urban Planning 64, no. 3 (July 2003): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00219-0.
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Prakash, Mishra Jyoti, Mishra Sambit Kumar, and Mishra Anil Kumar. "Opportunities with visualisation linked with virtualised data: a case study." International Journal of Intelligent Defence Support Systems 5, no. 4 (2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijidss.2018.099892.
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Kumar, Mishra Anil, Mishra Jyoti Prakash, and Mishra Sambit Kumar. "Opportunities with visualisation linked with virtualised data: a case study." International Journal of Intelligent Defence Support Systems 5, no. 4 (2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijidss.2018.10021348.
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Singh, A. D., A. Singh, I. Whitmore, and E. Taylor. "Endoscopic visualisation of the human nasolacrimal system: an experimental study." British Journal of Ophthalmology 76, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.76.11.663.
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Grant, C. C., N. Claassen, and M. Viljoen. "Stress response of the autonomic nervous system on skydiving and freefall." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 25, no. 1 (September 22, 2006): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v25i1.142.
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This study investigated the influence of skydiving and freefall, as well as that of visualisation, on the autonomic nervous system balance. The results showed a shift towards sympathetic dominance in the autonomic nervous system balance during skydiving and freefall. This shift was statistically significant in the inexperienced, but not in the experienced skydivers. A similar autonomic stress response was seen in the laboratory during visualisation of skydiving. Further studies are necessary to ascertain whether a difference exists between the extent to which experienced and inexperienced skydivers can induce the biological stress response through visualisation.
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Lau, Howard, Andrew Ruys, P. Carter, Xiu Wang, and Qing Li. "Subject Specific Modelling of Electrical Conduction in the Body: A Case Study." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 10 (May 2011): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.10.43.
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Modelling of bioelectric phenomena in the human body poses unique problems compared to those encountered in other fields of engineering. Accurate definition of the physical domain and material properties is difficult due to geometrical complexity and uncertainty in tissue characterisation. A workflow is presented for finite element simulation of electric current in the body. This is illustrated through an application on a subject-specific cranial model for simulation of a cochlear implant. Operations required for the full workflow include: data acquisition, image registration and segmentation, material property assignment, numerical analysis, and visualisation. The case study described uses MRI imaging and diffusion tensor MRI for definition of the analysis domain and material properties with analysis conducted in ANSYS. Image registration and segmentation were accomplished using custom designed algorithms. Visualisation was achieved using a 24-bit red-green-blue colour scheme to represent directional vectors.
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Smit, Gerard, Yael De Haan, and Laura Buijs. "Working with or next to each other? Boundary crossing in the field of information visualisation." Journal of Media Innovations 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v1i2.875.
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Due to the need to present information in a fast and attractive way, organizations are eager to use information visualisations. This study explores the collision between the different experts involved in the production of these visualisations using the model of trading zones supplemented with the learning mechanisms found in the boundary crossing literature. Results show that that there is not one good solution to effective interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of information visualisation. All four types of cooperation that we distinguish – enforced, dominated, fractionated, and attuned – might work well, as long as they are adapted to the situation. In any case the involved experts and initiators have to understand and incorporate approaches that enhance the co-creative, iterative nature of the production process. Overlooking the different forms of collaboration we detect two major forms of trading zones: the one that encompasses the collaboration between an external client and a designer (external trading zone) and the trading zones within an organization between content producer and designer (internal trading zone). Both mechanisms of identifying each other’s expertise and coordinating the different tasks in the production process seem beneficial for the production process.
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Abdul Ghafar, Maszura, Rahinah Ibrahim, Zalina Shari, and Farzad Pour Rahimian. "Embedding Work Culture in Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Enhancing Collaboration in Global Projects." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 2, no. 2 (April 2013): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2013040102.
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Building Information Modelling is further globalising Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) professional partnerships. However, little is known on the effect of cultural and human factors on BIM enabled visualisation applications. This desktop study examined the extant literature on factors relating to application of BIM enabled visualisation technologies as a process that can improve, leverage and conduct visual communication for coordination during implementation of global projects. It identifies BIM enabled visualisation having the capability in facilitating knowledge flows in complex discontinuous working environment of a property development’s life cycle, and supports designers’ understanding in its early working phases. This paper presents the development of a theoretical proposition for embedding local work culture etiquette in BIM enabled visualisation application for augmenting dynamic knowledge transfer among discontinuous members in a building project. The result is expected to benefit rapidly developing countries, e.g. Malaysia, in enabling successful partnerships with counterparts from developed countries.
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Jain, A., R. Sharma, J. C. Passey, R. Meher, and R. Bansal. "Endoscopic visualisation of the round window during cochlear implantation." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 3 (March 2020): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120000067.
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AbstractBackgroundEndoscopes provide a magnified view of the middle ear and visualisation of hidden areas. Otoendoscopes facilitate excellent visualisation of the round window niche during cochlear implantation.ObjectiveTo compare microscopic and endoscopic visualisation of the round window membrane during cochlear implantation in 20 patients.MethodsTwenty patients who underwent cochlear implantation were included in the study. After maximum exposure of the round window, the accessibility of the round window membrane was graded according to the St Thomas Hospital classification, first by microscope and then by endoscope.ResultsWith the use of the endoscope, visualisation of the round window membrane improved in all the patients as compared to the microscope. The electrode array was inserted via a round window or extended round window approach in all but two cases; the latter cases required bony cochleostomy because of unfavourable anatomy.ConclusionThe main benefit of endoscope-assisted cochlear implantation is improved visibility of the round window region.
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Tasker, Isabel. "Timeline analysis of complex language learning trajectories: Data visualisation as conceptual tool and method." Applied Linguistics Review 9, no. 2-3 (May 25, 2018): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2017-0001.
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AbstractThis paper discusses and demonstrates the use of visualisation and visual methods in the description and analysis of the learning trajectories of long-term learners and users of an additional language (in this case, Mandarin Chinese). It draws on a longitudinal case study that investigated how the dynamic complexity and variety of long-term trajectories of learning an additional language can be described, represented and interpreted. The specific focus of this article is the visual timeline analysis method used in the study. The timeline method offers an innovative way of representing and comparing individual language learning chronologies in visual format. By progressively layering, along a time axis, visualisations of longitudinal data relating to a number of different aspects of the learning context, the method allows a simultaneous overview of multiple aspects of development over time. These information-rich representations can reveal insights into patterns of choices and development over time which are not easily perceived in text-based accounts.
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Leeb, H., M. Hochhold, G. Badurek, R. J. Buchelt, and A. Schricker. "Neutron Magnetic Tomography: A Feasibility Study." Australian Journal of Physics 51, no. 2 (1998): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p97053.
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Neutron magnetic tomography, the recently proposed extension of the neutron depolarisation technique, is considered. The available numerical methods for the analysis of the data are reviewed and the possibility of visualising the magnetic structure within bulk materials is demonstrated by specific examples. Various ways to implement the method experimentally are presented. Estimates of the feasibility in terms of required measuring time indicate that visualisation is within experimental reach with modern neutron optical devices.
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Mohamad-Matrol, Afrina Adlyna, Siow-Wee Chang, and Arpah Abu. "Plant data visualisation using network graphs." PeerJ 6 (August 31, 2018): e5579. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5579.
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BackgroundThe amount of plant data such as taxonomical classification, morphological characteristics, ecological attributes and geological distribution in textual and image forms has increased rapidly due to emerging research and technologies. Therefore, it is crucial for experts as well as the public to discern meaningful relationships from this vast amount of data using appropriate methods. The data are often presented in lengthy texts and tables, which make gaining new insights difficult. The study proposes a visual-based representation to display data to users in a meaningful way. This method emphasises the relationships between different data sets.MethodThis study involves four main steps which translate text-based results from Extensible Markup Language (XML) serialisation format into graphs. The four steps include: (1) conversion of ontological dataset as graph model data; (2) query from graph model data; (3) transformation of text-based results in XML serialisation format into a graphical form; and (4) display of results to the user via a graphical user interface (GUI). Ontological data for plants and samples of trees and shrubs were used as the dataset to demonstrate how plant-based data could be integrated into the proposed data visualisation.ResultsA visualisation system named plant visualisation system was developed. This system provides a GUI that enables users to perform the query process, as well as a graphical viewer to display the results of the query in the form of a network graph. The efficiency of the developed visualisation system was measured by performing two types of user evaluations: a usability heuristics evaluation, and a query and visualisation evaluation.DiscussionThe relationships between the data were visualised, enabling the users to easily infer the knowledge and correlations between data. The results from the user evaluation show that the proposed visualisation system is suitable for both expert and novice users, with or without computer skills. This technique demonstrates the practicability of using a computer assisted-tool by providing cognitive analysis for understanding relationships between data. Therefore, the results benefit not only botanists, but also novice users, especially those that are interested to know more about plants.
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Türkkan, Halime. "The significance of typography in data visualisation." Global Journal of Arts Education 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v10i1.4736.
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With the development of technology and the dominance of the digital world, typography has become a critical issue. Information design systems are considered as one of the significant areas of graphic design. Big data provides important information on data visualisation. While presenting this information, the value that the script adds to the design will be examined in this study. The choice of typefaces, leading and kerning in typography, type hierarchy, harmony, balance, unity, the contrast between the visual elements and typography are the critical components of data visualisation. ‘Communication designers often err on the side of providing features that entertain and visually please audience's ability to receive or understand the message, in the hope that messages will be understood because they are associated with appealing features. Although designers often concentrate on visuals and aesthetics, at other times they hope to attract viewers by focusing clearly on valuable content. But too often both approaches impair the audience's ability to receive or understand the message’. In support of what Jacobson mentioned above in his book titled Information Design, this study aims to emphasise the undeniable importance of typography in data visualisation designed for informative purposes. Keywords: Typography, design, data visualisation
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Paninarova, M., L. Stehlik, P. Proks, I. Nyvltova, and M. Vignoli. "Influence of simethicone and fasting on the quality of abdominal ultrasonography in dogs." Veterinární Medicína 66, No. 9 (July 30, 2021): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/206/2020-vetmed.
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The presence of a significant quantity of gas in the gastrointestinal tract may hinder a proper ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of simethicone and fasting on the quality of ultrasonographic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract and the small organs in the abdominal cavity. Fourteen clinically healthy dogs were examined repeatedly after four different preparation protocols. The visualisation of the organs was assessed subjectively with a 3-point scoring system. The administration of simethicone is superior in the visualisation of the ileum, the ileocolic junction, the pancreas (body and right lobe), the jejunal lymph nodes, and both adrenal glands when compared to no preparation. The combination of the oral administration of simethicone and fasting is superior in the visualisation of the pylorus, the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the ileocolic junction, the pancreas (body, right and left lobe), the jejunal lymph nodes, and both adrenal glands when compared to no preparation. The conclusion and clinical relevance from this exploratory study suggest that the oral administration of simethicone and fasting before an ultrasonographic examination significantly improve the visualisation of some abdominal organs.
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Neuville, R., J. Pouliot, F. Poux, P. Hallot, L. De Rudder, and R. Billen. "TOWARDS A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR 3D VISUALISATION: APPLICATION TO SELECTIVITY PURPOSE OF SINGLE OBJECT IN A 3D CITY SCENE." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W5 (October 23, 2017): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w5-91-2017.
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This paper deals with the establishment of a comprehensive methodological framework that defines 3D visualisation rules and its application in a decision support tool. Whilst the use of 3D models grows in many application fields, their visualisation remains challenging from the point of view of mapping and rendering aspects to be applied to suitability support the decision making process. Indeed, there exists a great number of 3D visualisation techniques but as far as we know, a decision support tool that facilitates the production of an efficient 3D visualisation is still missing. This is why a comprehensive methodological framework is proposed in order to build decision tables for specific data, tasks and contexts. Based on the second-order logic formalism, we define a set of functions and propositions among and between two collections of entities: on one hand static retinal variables (hue, size, shape…) and 3D environment parameters (directional lighting, shadow, haze…) and on the other hand their effect(s) regarding specific visual tasks. It enables to define 3D visualisation rules according to four categories: consequence, compatibility, potential incompatibility and incompatibility. In this paper, the application of the methodological framework is demonstrated for an urban visualisation at high density considering a specific set of entities. On the basis of our analysis and the results of many studies conducted in the 3D semiotics, which refers to the study of symbols and how they relay information, the truth values of propositions are determined. 3D visualisation rules are then extracted for the considered context and set of entities and are presented into a decision table with a colour coding. Finally, the decision table is implemented into a plugin developed with three.js, a cross-browser JavaScript library. The plugin consists of a sidebar and warning windows that help the designer in the use of a set of static retinal variables and 3D environment parameters.
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Purchase, H. C. "Effective information visualisation: a study of graph drawing aesthetics and algorithms." Interacting with Computers 13, no. 2 (December 2000): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-5438(00)00032-1.
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Fulker, David, Ashkan Javadzadegan, Zuming Li, and Tracie Barber. "Flow visualisation study of spiral flow in the aorta–renal bifurcation." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 20, no. 13 (August 24, 2017): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2017.1370460.
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Alonso Gaona García, Paulo, David Martín-Moncunill, Salvador Sánchez-Alonso, and Ana Fermoso García. "A usability study of taxonomy visualisation user interfaces in digital repositories." Online Information Review 38, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-03-2013-0051.
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyse user interfaces for search and collection visualisation and navigation from a usability perspective. The final aim is to offer repository owners a scientific basis to support their decisions when they have to choose an interface that can really help users to effectively locate and visualise resources over large digital collections. Design/methodology/approach – This HCI study is divided into two parts: perception and usability. The first one analysed three perceptual abilities required to use interfaces: attention, retention of information and understanding. The second one was run on an ad hoc generated collection including more than 40,000 European digital resources collected and classified according to a given branch of knowledge in the Art & Architecture Thesaurus. Findings – Although visual interfaces proved useful for certain tasks related to resource discovery and search, and despite the overall good general user opinion, the authors found it necessary to conduct another thorough study to know more about the target users and the amplitude of the collection, as well as to determine the ideal type of interface to implement. All these factors are important for increasing user acceptance and avoiding unnecessary implementation costs. Research limitations/implications – This research was run on a relatively small sample size of users from Spain and Latin America, which may not be representative of the general population. In similar studies previous knowledge about usability has been reported to introduce bias in the results, so the authors tried to avoid this when selecting the participants. Originality/value – There are no previous usability studies for the development and implementation of interfaces in digital learning or cultural repositories. The authors' experience highlights the importance of addressing usability aspects a priori, to prevent users from ceasing to use visual interfaces over time, because they do not perceive any benefit from using them.
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Samaddar, Dr Madhurima. "A Study of Visualisation of the World Based on Sensory Perception." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.33222.
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