Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Visual space attention'
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1
Tucker, Andrew James, and n/a. "Visual space attention in three-dimensional space." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070301.085637.
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Current models of visual spatial attention are based on the extent to which attention can
be allocated in 2-dimensional displays. The distribution of attention in 3-dimensional
space has received little consideration. A series of experiments were devised to explore
the apparent inconsistencies in the literature pertaining to the allocation of spatial
attention in the third dimension. A review of the literature attributed these
inconsistencies to differences and limitations in the various methodologies employed, in
addition to the use of differing attentional paradigms. An initial aim of this thesis was
to develop a highly controlled novel adaptation of the conventional robust covert
orienting of visual attention task (COVAT) in depth defined by either binocular
(stereoscopic) or monocular cues. The results indicated that attentional selection in the
COVAT is not allocated within a 3-dimensional representation of space. Consequently,
an alternative measure of spatial attention in depth, the overlay interference task, was
successfully validated in a different stereoscopic depth environment and then
manipulated to further examine the allocation of attention in depth. Findings from the
overlay interference experiments indicated that attentional selection is based on a
representation that includes depth information, but only when an additional feature can
aid 3D selection. Collectively, the results suggest a dissociation between two paradigms
that are both purported to be measures of spatial attention. There appears to be a further
dissociation between 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional attentional selection in both
paradigms for different reasons. These behavioural results, combined with recent
electrophysiological evidence suggest that the temporal constraints of the 3D COVAT
paradigm result in early selection based predominantly on retinotopic spatial
coordinates prior to the complete construction of a 3-dimensional representation. Task
requirements of the 3D overlay interference paradigm, on the other hand, while not
being restricted by temporal constraints, demand that attentional selection occurs later,
after the construction of a 3-dimensional representation, but only with the guidance of a
secondary feature. Regardless of whether attentional selection occurs early or late,
however, some component of selection appears to be based on viewer-centred spatial
coordinates.
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Tucker, Andrew James. "Visual space attention in three-dimensional space." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070301.085637/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. "March 2006". Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-173).
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Kassner, Moritz Philipp, and William Rhoades Patera. "PUPIL : constructing the space of visual attention." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72626.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Page 180 blank. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-171).
This thesis explores the nature of a human experience in space through a primary inquiry into vision. This inquiry begins by questioning the existing methods and instruments employed to capture and represent a human experience of space. While existing qualitative and quantitative methods and instruments -- from "subjective" interviews to "objective" photographic documentation -- may lead to insight in the study of a human experience in space, we argue that they are inherently limited with respect to physiological realities. As one moves about the world, one believes to see the world as continuous and fully resolved. However, this is not how human vision is currently understood to function on a physiological level. If we want to understand how humans visually construct a space, then we must examine patterns of visual attention on a physiological level. In order to inquire into patterns of visual attention in three dimensional space, we need to develop new instruments and new methods of representation. The instruments we require, directly address the physiological realities of vision, and the methods of representation seek to situate the human subject within a space of their own construction. In order to achieve this goal we have developed PUPIL, a custom set of hardware and software instruments, that capture the subject's eye movements. Using PUPIL, we have conducted a series of trials from proof of concept -- demonstrating the capabilities of our instruments -- to critical inquiry of the relationship between a human subject and a space. We have developed software to visualize this unique spatial experience, and have posed open questions based on the initial findings of our trials. This thesis aims to contribute to spatial design disciplines, by providing a new way to capture and represent a human experience of space.
by Moritz Philipp Kassner [and] William Rhoades Patera.
S.M.
4
McKeating, R. L. B. "An investigation of distributed attention within visual space." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378750.
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Jefferies, Lisa N. "Tracking attention in space and time : the dynamics of human visual attention." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11564.
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Attention is essential to everyday life: without some selective function to guide and limit the processing of incoming information, our visual system would be overwhelmed. A description of the spatiotemporal dynamics of attention is critical to our understanding of this basic human cognitive function and is the primary goal of this dissertation. In particular, the research reported here is aimed at examining two aspects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of attention: a) the rate at which the focus of attention is shrunk and expanded along with the factors that influence this rate, and b) the factors
governing whether attention is deployed as either a unitary or a divided focus. The present research examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of focal attention by monitoring the pattern of accuracy that occurs when participants attempt to identify two targets embedded in simultaneously presented streams of items. By asking participants to monitor these streams simultaneously, with the spatial and temporal positions of the two targets in the streams being varied incrementally, it is possible to index the extent of focal attention in both space and time. Chapter 2 develops this behavioural procedure and assesses the rate at which the focus of attention is contracted. A qualitative model is put forward and tested. Chapter 3 examines factors that modulate the temporal course of attentional narrowing in young adults who presumably can exercise efficient control of attentional processes. In contrast, Chapter 4 examines the effect of reduced attentional control by examining the same process in older adults. The second goal of this thesis was to examine whether focal attention is deployed as a unitary or a divided focus. These two perspectives are generally viewed as mutually exclusive. The alternative hypothesis pursued in Chapter 5 is that focal attention can be deployed as either a single, unitary focus or divided into multiple foci, depending on the observers mental set and on the task demands. The final chapter then combines and compares the findings across all experiments and evaluates how they fit in with current theories of visual attention.
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Barrett, Douglas J. K. "Attention and the representation of objects in space." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843518/.
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Visual information is processed by the brain in a large number of functional sites across a network of anatomically separate areas. In order to guide coherent behaviour, visual attention is required to select and integrate information regarding the spatial and perceptual attributes of separate objects from the numerous areas involved in their representation. The empirical work reported in this thesis investigates the role of spatial information in guiding this process and considers the different types of representation that may be involved. Using an experimental paradigm designed to disambiguate priming in egocentric and allocentric coordinates, the thesis contrasts the predictions of location and object-based models of attention across a series of experiments that manipulate the way attention is oriented to the location or identity of objects in the visual scene. Initial chapters investigate the distinction between exogenous and endogenous attention and its implication for the coordinate frame in which selection occurs. Subsequent chapters investigate the role of non-spatial attributes such as colour differentiation and grouping in determining the nature of spatial representation underlying shifts of attention as well as spatial-temporal constraints on object-based priming. The results across the thesis are inconsistent with the distinction imposed by space and object-based models of attention and instead support a more flexible account in which attentional mechanisms activate representations that combine non-spatial and spatial information about localised objects at a number of levels of spatial description.
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Sutton, Jennifer E. "Attention to time, space, and visual pattern by the pigeon." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ30771.pdf.
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Braithwaite, Jason John. "Visual search in space and time : where attention and inattention collide?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269885.
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Lee, Jae Won. "Auditory cuing of visual attention : spatial and sound parameters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83efb40d-f77d-420e-9372-623ebae3224c.
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The experiments reported in this thesis investigate whether the current understanding of crossmodal spatial attention can be applied to rear space, and how sound parameters can modulate crossmodal spatial cuing effects. It is generally accepted that the presentation of a brief auditory cue can exogenously orient spatial attention to the cued region of space so that reaction times (RTs) to visual targets presented there are faster than those presented elsewhere. Unlike the conventional belief in such crossmodal spatial cuing effects, RTs to visual targets were equally facilitated from the presentation of an auditory cue in the front or in the rear, as long as the stimuli were presented ipsilaterally. Moreover, when an auditory cue and a visual target were presented from one of two lateral positions on each side in front, the spatial co-location of the two stimuli did not always lead to the fastest target RTs. Although contrasting with the traditional view on the importance of cue-target spatial co-location in exogenous crossmodal cuing effects, such findings are consistent with the evidence concerning multisensory integration in the superior colliculus (SC). Further investigation revealed that the presentation of an auditory cue with an exponential intensity change might be able to exogenously orient crossmodal spatial attention narrowly to the cued region of space. Taken together, the findings reported in this thesis suggest that not only the location but also sound parameters (e.g., intensity change) of auditory cues can modulate the crossmodal exogenous orienting of spatial attention.
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Burton, Pamela Ann. "Physiological evidence of interactive object-based and space-based attention mechanisms." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 50.79Mb,139 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3157279.
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Szinte, Martin. "The recovery of target locations in space across movements of eyes and head." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760375.
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The visual system has evolved to deal with the consequences of our own movements onour perception. In particular, evolution has given us the ability to perceive our visual world as stableand continuous despite large shift of the image on our retinas when we move our eyes, head orbody. Animal studies have recently shown that in some cortical and sub-cortical areas involved inattention and saccade control, neurons are able to anticipate the consequences of voluntary eyemovements on their visual input. These neurons predict how the world will look like after a saccadeby remapping the location of each attended object to the place it will occupy following a saccade.In a series of studies, we first showed that remapping could be evaluated in a non-invasive fashion in human with simple apparent motion targets. Using eye movement recordingsand psychophysical methods, we evaluated the distribution of remapping errors across the visualfield and found that saccade compensation was fairly accurate. The pattern of errors observedsupport a model of space constancy based on a remapping of attention pointers and excluded otherknown models. Then using targets that moved continuously while a saccade was made across themotion path, we were able to directly visualize the remapping processes. With this novel method wedemonstrated again the existence of systematic errors of correction for the saccade, best explainedby an inaccurate remapping of expected moving target locations. We then extended our model toother body movements, and studied the contribution of sub-cortical receptors (otoliths and semi-circular canals) in the maintenance of space constancy across head movements. Contrary tostudies reporting almost perfect compensations for head movements, we observed breakdowns ofspace constancy for head tilt as well as for head translation. Then, we tested remapping of targetlocations to correct for saccades at the very edge of the visual field, remapping that would place theexpected target location outside the visual field. Our results suggest that visual areas involved inremapping construct a global representation of space extending out beyond the traditional visualfield. Finally, we conducted experiments to determine the allocation of attention across saccades.We demonstrated that the attention captured by a brief transient was remapped to the correctspatial location after the eye movement and that this shift can be observed even before thesaccade.Taken together these results demonstrate the management of attention pointers to therecovery of target locations in space as well as the ability of behavioral measurements to address atopic pioneered by eletrophysiologists.
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O'Grady, Rebecca Bridget. "Object-based, space-based and domain-based mechanisms of selection : an investigation of the Duncan (1984), Baylis and Driver (1993), and Egly and Homa (1984) paradigms." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267614.
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Yang, Taoxi [Verfasser], and Ernst [Akademischer Betreuer] Pöppel. "Inhomogeneity of visual space, discontinuity of perceptual time and cultural imprinting as exemplified with experiments on visual attention, aesthetic appreciation and temporal processing / Taoxi Yang ; Betreuer: Ernst Pöppel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119811195X/34.
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Shams, Poja. "What Does it Take to Get your Attention? : The influence of In-Store and Out-of-Store Factors on Visual Attention and Decision Making for Fast-moving Consumer Goods." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för tjänsteforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-25947.
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Decision making for fast-moving consumer goods involves a choice between numerous similar alternatives. Under such demanding circumstances, a decision is made for one product. The decision is dependent on the interaction between the environment and the mind of the consumer, both of which are filled with information that can influence the outcome. The aim of this dissertation is to explore how the mind and the environment guides attention towards considered and chosen products in consumer decision making at the point-of-purchase. Consumers are equipped with several effort reduction strategies to simplify complex decision making. The selection of strategies can be conscious or automatic and driven by information in the environment or the mind of the decision maker. The selected decision strategy reduces the set of options to one alternative in an iterative process of comparisons that are fast and rely on perceptual cues to quickly exclude irrelevant products. This thesis uses eye-tracking to explore this rapid processing that lacks conscious access or control. The purpose is to explore how product packaging and placement (as in-store factors), and recognition, preferences, and choice task (as out-of-store factors) influence the decision-making process through visual attention. The results of the 10 experiments in the five papers that comprise this thesis shed new light on the role of visual attention in the interaction between the environment and the mind, and its influence on the consumer. It is said that consumers choose with their eyes, which means that unseen is unsold. The results of this thesis show that it is just as important to be comprehended as it is to be seen. In split-second decision making, the ability to recognize and comprehend a product can significantly impact preferences. Comprehension stretches beyond perception as consumers infer value from memory structures that influence attention. Hence, the eye truly sees what the mind is prepared to comprehend.
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Al-Aidroos, Naseem. "On the Reflexive Prioritisation of Locations in Visual Space." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25921.
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The efficiency of human visual information processing is supported by numerous attentional resources. These resources ensure that behaviourally relevant information within visual scenes is selected for detailed processing, while behaviourally irrelevant information is ignored. One of these attentional resources—reflexive visuospatial attention—operates by prioritising locations in visual space in response to the appearance of salient stimuli. The purpose of the present dissertation was to examine how this type of attention contributes to the efficiency of visual processing by asking: How is processing altered for information presented at the location of attention? To develop some initial evidence of the stage of processing affected by reflexive visuospatial attention, Chapters 1 to 6 assessed whether this attentional resource is related to four other stimulus-driven effects that are each associated with a specific stage of visual processing: identity processing, object filtering, visual working memory (VWM), and response generation. Based on the observation that only the stimulus-driven effects on VWM are related to reflexive visuospatial attention (i.e., only those effects were contingent on attentional control settings), a VWM model of reflexive visuospatial attention was proposed in Chapter 7, and tested in Chapters 8 to 11. According to this model, reflexive visuospatial attention alters visual processing by triggering VWM to update. Thus, the effect of reflexive visuospatial attention is to speed the encoding of attended information into VWM. As a result, this information is more likely than unattended information to bias our behaviour, in particular those behaviours that depend on VWM. Further, by biasing VWM, reflexive visuospatial attention can interact with other attentional resources that have also been associated with VWM. In this way, these attentional resources can coordinate in optimising the process of selection, thus, contributing to the efficiency of the human visual system.
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Chen, Peggy. "Orienting visual attention in space is capture of attention purely stimulus-driven or contingent upon goal-driven settings? /." 2007. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1883/index.html.
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Lam, Melanie Yah-Wai. "Do action-relevant properties of objects capture attention and prime action /." Thesis, 2006. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Tsai, Shih-Chen, and 蔡世貞. "The Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Attention and Visual-Space Working Memory for Student with Overweight." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hm7yjn.
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碩士臺北市立大學
運動教育研究所碩士在職專班
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute aerobic exercise on attention and visual-space working memory for student with overweight. Methods: Twenty overweight students completed both Go-Nogo and visual-space working memory tasks in exercise and control (no exercise) conditions. The tasks and conditions were counterbalanced for each participant. Results: There were significant improvement for reaction time, movement time, and correct recognition rate after intervention of acute aerobic exercise (ps < .05). Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise could help overweight students to improve their attention and visual-space working memory performances. Based upon the initial evidences of the present study, future research is suggested to examine issues during or delay effect of exercise, sample size, and exercise intensity.
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Ferguson, Roy. "Using Mental Set to Change the Size of Posner's Attentional Spotlight: Implications for how Words are Processed in Visual Space." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4894.
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The present thesis investigated how words are processed within the context of visual search. Both explicit and implicit measures were used to assess whether spatial attention is a prerequisite for words to undergo processing. In the explicit search task, subjects searched a display and indicated whether a word was present or absent among nonword distractors. In the implicit task, priming was employed to index word processing. Subjects viewed the same search displays that were used in the explicit task, however, the displays were presented briefly and were followed by a single target letter string to which subjects performed a lexical decision. In Experiments 3 through 6, in which the target was always presented at fixation, no priming was evident. In Experiments 7 and 8 when the location of the target moved from trial to trial, priming was observed. It is argued that attentional resources are narrowly allocated to a location in visual space when target location is certain but diffusely allocated when target location is uncertain. Furthermore, processing only occurs for words that fall within the suffusion of this strategically pliable attentional beam. The results are also interpreted within the domains of perceptual cuing and attentional capture.
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Bryant, Ted Alan. "Linguistic and non-linguistic control of visual attention an examination of space-based, color-based, and form-based selection /." 2007. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04182007-162526/.
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Dimitru, M. L., G. H. Joergensen, Alice G. Cruickshank, and G. T. M. Altmann. "Language-guided visual processing affects reasoning: the role of referential and spatial anchoring." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9570.
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NoLanguage is more than a source of information for accessing higher-order conceptual knowledge. Indeed, language may determine how people perceive and interpret visual stimuli. Visual processing in linguistic contexts, for instance, mirrors language processing and happens incrementally, rather than through variously-oriented fixations over a particular scene. The consequences of this atypical visual processing are yet to be determined. Here, we investigated the integration of visual and linguistic input during a reasoning task. Participants listened to sentences containing conjunctions or disjunctions (Nancy examined an ant and/or a cloud) and looked at visual scenes containing two pictures that either matched or mismatched the nouns. Degree of match between nouns and pictures (referential anchoring) and between their expected and actual spatial positions (spatial anchoring) affected fixations as well as judgments. We conclude that language induces incremental processing of visual scenes, which in turn becomes susceptible to reasoning errors during the language-meaning verification process.
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Kuo, Wen-Jui, and 郭文瑞. "Type of Orientig and Attentionl Movement in the Visual Space." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84716867821052974098.
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Havlíková, Věra. "Funkce vychovatele v rozvoji neřečových oblastí u dětí s narušenou komunikační schopností." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397188.
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The diploma thesis is focused on educator's function in development of nonspeech areas of children with communicative disability. The thesis consists of two main parts. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters which gradually introduce the development of the child at a younger school age, communicative disability, nonspeech areas of comunication and education of children with communicative disability. This information provides a basic insight into issues of work and makes it easier to be well informed about topic. The empirical part presents the qualitative research in which four pupils with communicative disability are involved. The aim of the research is to find out the difficulties in nonspeech areas and what influence the educator of the after-school club can have on their development. Sensory perception, cognitive processes and motor skills are analyzed in accoradance with these goals. Changes between investigations are also observed. The chapter contains case studies of pupils that include personal and family history, individual children's abilities, social interaction and information about speech therapy. Furthermore, the results of the entry and control examination are presented in detail. Based on evaluation of results, answers to research questions are formulated. The chapter...