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Cuencas, Ramon. "Validity of a Brief Self-Rating Visual Analogue Pain Questionnaire." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331577/.
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It is believed by many researchers that little attention has been given to patients' perceptions of the impact of chronic pain on their lives. In recognition of this need, G. Frank Lawlis, C. Edward McCoy, and David K. Selby developed the Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ) to assess the amount of chronic pain that affects four aspects (daily activities, work-leisure activities, anxiety-depression, and social interest) of the patients' lives. The present study, conducted to validate the DPQ's statistical properties, first reviews the literature addressing the various theories and varieties of pain, its opiates, and the two current approaches to quantify pain. This study included a total of 143 subjects. Clinical subjects were 104 inpatients in the Spinal and Chronic Pain Center at Medical Arts Hospital and 15 chronic pain outpatients released to work. Normal subjects consisted of staffing personnel (n = 13) and flight assistance employees (U = 11)- Both clinical and normal groups completed the DPQ. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered only to the clinical population. Results suggest that the DPQ is both externally reliable (stability reliability coefficient of .970) as well as an internally consistent instrument. Two factors emerged from factor structure analysis. Factor one (63.2% of variance) represents functional activities. Factor two (8.3% of variance) represents emotional capacities. A correlation analysis suggests the concurrent validity of the psychological and functional factors of the DPQ. A t-test demonstrated that chronic pain patients have significantly higher DPQ's scores than normals. Because these findings support its psychometric properties, the DPQ appears to have utility for clinical and research purposes. The findings, limitations, and implications of this study are detailed, as are suggestions for future research.
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Muhenje, Mariura. "Applying the DER rating system for the visual assessment of defects on concrete dams." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33840.
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NamWater is responsible for the management and maintenance of Namibia's main dams, amongst the many other infrastructure assets under their ownership. They have, as a result, devised asset management policies and practices with the aim of reaping the benefits of asset management. Additionally, they have aligned themselves with the current approaches to dam safety management in managing the dams. These current approaches do however not provide for a guided and standard approach when it comes to the visual assessment of surface defects on the dam elements. This may result in varying assessment outcomes from different individuals based on their differences in training and experience. The DER rating system used for the rating of defects on road structures, as input into the STRUMAN BMS used by SANRAL and other entities, provides for a standard approach to visually assessing the defects on these road structures. A study by Gombele (2017:79) has also demonstrated the possibility of using the DER rating system for the assessment of defects on cooling towers in a power generation environment. Additionally, the rating of defects can also play a role in dam risk determination, as demonstrated in the CIRIA 1 Project RP568 risk assessment methodology (Morris, Hewlett and Elliott, 2000:15). In quest for a standard and guided approach for visually assessing surface defects on dam elements, this study applied the DER rating on selected elements of three NamWater dams. The approach was by initially identifying dam elements that are deemed equivalent to the bridge items in the TMH19: Part A. There are variations in the design and functions of the dam elements versus those of bridge elements and thus the relevance of the defects may also vary for the two structure types. Thus, the focus of this study was on using the DER rating system to only assess the surface defects on the dam elements. This may be useful for the initial phase of a condition assessment for dams whereby it can provide a quantifiable indication of durability issues. While the study was able to demonstrate the possibility of using the DER rating system to assess defects such as cracks, spalling and erosion on the surfaces of dam elements, gaps where identified in its applicability. Only 33% of the bridge items in the TMH19: Part A were deemed relevant for the visual assessment of the dam items, coupled with the significant amount of U (unable to inspect) ratings given during the assessment. Furthermore, of the identified defects, a significant amount was given a low Relevancy rating (R) meaning that they are of a low relevance to the structural integrity of the dam structure. This may be due to the fact that the guiding tables used are originally for bridge items and thus not entirely suitable for dams. For the DER rating system to be applied extensively to dam items, defects that are specific to dam elements will therefore need to be incorporated into the guiding tables. Additionally, the weighting of the ratings for certain defects would need to be revised to specifically align with the consequence of the defect on the dam item. This process may require the compilation of a database of historical defects, guided by expert engineering judgement, to provide for guiding tables that are specific to dams. Assessment of more dams that vary in age, type, and performance may also be required to get a more diversified outcome of the applicability of the DER rating system on dams.
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Mekaroonreung, Haruetai. "Trait-Based Individual Differences on Discomfort Glare Rating Responses and Related Visual Contrast Sensitivity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43879.
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This research was designed to investigate the relationship between Trait-based Individual differences (neuroticism and extraversion) and glare subjective responses as well as the actual contrast sensitivity when exposed to the same manipulated glare condition. In addition, the relationship between the glare subjective responses and actual contrast sensitivity was investigated. To examine the trait-based individual differences, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) was used while the subjective glare experience was examined utilizing modified glare discomfort rating scale. The visual performance was measured through the contrast sensitivity level using adjustable contrast level of the Landolt's C target. This investigation compared 36 individuals (9 high neuroticism scorers, 9 low neuroticism scorers, 9 high extraversion scorers, and 9 low extraversion scorers) on subjective discomfort glare rating responses and visual contrast sensitivity. The study is directed toward improving our understanding of influencing factors on the experience of discomfort glare, which may eventually be applied to the design of glare measurement methods, and toward training and selection of drivers and workers who may work under conditions of glare. Results indicated significant effect of extraversion trait on rating response while insignificant effect on visual related performance was found. The relationships between rating response and visual performance were also found to be quite low in this study. In conclusion, the expected model was supported but only on the extraversion trait.Master of Science
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Nchoe, Katlego Elaine. "Exploring the suitability of rating scales for measuring bullying among Grade 4 learners." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65450.
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The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate which bullying rating scale, between the Likert Scale (LS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), is more appropriate for Grade 4 learners. Although literature verifies the reliability of these two rating scales used to measure bullying in young children, the validity and the suitability of these instruments for young learners has not been extensively explored in the South African context. The concern with bullying in this study has to do with the need for the accurate assessment/measurement of bullying, since a proper understanding of bullying depends on the accuracy of the instrument used. Against this backdrop, this study employed a survey design, rooted in a post-positivist conceptualisation of bullying, using a bullying questionnaire. The study’s questionnaire consisted of both LS and VAS response options, and was used to measure both the bully and the victims’ response option preferences (LS versus VAS), in addition to assessing the reliability and validity of both response options. A class of Grade 4 learners from one Model C school formed part of the survey and those who were willing to participate completed the Learner Bullying Questionnaire (LBQ). The school was selected using a purposive, non-probability sampling method based on the geographical area, the in addition to the incidence of bullying and diversity of the school population. The quantitative data obtained from the survey design questionnaires were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics as well as the Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the correlation between the VAS and LS responses for each question presented. Using the Wilcoxon tes, the differences between the two response options were determined (i.e. the variances in the preference scores and difficulty scores of the Grade 4 learners for the two response options). The results of the LBQ show no significant difference of scale preference for the Grade 4 learners. However, the learners - in the six scale preference questions included near the end of the LBQ - indicated that they preferred the VAS over the LS.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Educational Psychology
MEd
Unrestricted
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Skorniakova, Oxana G. "Sensitivity to sub-phonemic variation: Evidence from a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) goodness-rating task." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1290127664.
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Gill, Jennifer N. Fitch-Hauser Margaret E. "The strength of attractiveness and the power of visual nonverbal communication when rating one's communicative competence." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/GILL_JENNIFER_52.pdf.
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Shen, Qian. "Volumetric Analysis of Brain MRI for Alzheimer’s Disease." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/526.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is a gradually progressive degenerative neurological disorder that is characterized by increasing cognitive impairment, characteristic degenerative pathology and brain atrophy. Studies have shown that the progression of AD pathology in the brain develops in a predictable pattern and the pathological changes that take place in brain begin at the microscopic level long before the first signs of memory loss. Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which has exceptional soft tissue contrast and detailed resolution, is the best way to noninvasively examine changes which occur early in the course of AD. For this dissertation, our aim is to improve the methods for measuring the atrophy of brain structures in AD, as seen on MRI, and to apply these methods to subjects with cognitive impairment. This study has established a new coordinate template to replace the widely used Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template for the atlas-based segmentation procedure. The new template was derived from the same structural image as the one used by the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) procedure. The agreement of the newly developed coordinate template and AAL helps to estimate accurate spatial transformation parameters used in warping the AAL to individual subject images. The new template combines the spatial information of the structural image and the frequency information of MNI template. Based on the same principle, a set of customized templates has been developed. The customized template, associated atlas and customized priors match more closely the aging population than the previous template, so as to improve the atlas-based segmentation of regions of interest in AD assessment. Visual Rating System (VRS) of a single coronal slice (MB slice) in MRI has been another valuable method in the assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy. An automated procedure has been developed in this study to measure the hippocampal area on the same coronal slice so that the labor of human experts in the VRS assessment of hippocampus will be significantly reduced. Finally the methods and materials (template and atlas) developed in this dissertation were applied to cross-sectional studies of subjects with cognitive impairment. We conducted volumetric analysis on subjects and conclude that the data from the new approaches have higher correlations with clinical data, and therefore can be reliably used as part of an AD assessment tool.
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Baierová, Lucie. "Aplikace fuzzy logiky při hodnocení dodavatelů firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224853.
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This Master's thesis deals with design of models for rating of M. K. R. plus suppliers of steel wires using fuzzy logic. The decision-making models are created in the MS Excel and in the MATLAB software. This thesis includes acknowledgement with theory, which will be used in the practical part for design of individual models. Current and potential suppliers of the company will be evaluated using the created models and their benefit to company will be assessed.
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De, Cock Michel. "Etude théorique et clinico-expérimentale des relations entre le développement postural et les activités visuelles et visuo-perceptives chez des enfants infirmes moteurs cérébraux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212630.
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Croy, Ilona, Kerstin Laqua, Frank Süß, Peter Joraschky, Tjalf Ziemssen, and Thomas Hummel. "The sensory channel of presentation alters subjective ratings and autonomic responses toward disgusting stimuli – Blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance in response to visual, auditory, haptic and olfactory presented disgusting stimuli." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127292.
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Disgust causes specific reaction patterns, observable in mimic responses and body reactions. Most research on disgust deals with visual stimuli. However, pictures may cause another disgust experience than sounds, odors, or tactile stimuli. Therefore, disgust experience evoked by four different sensory channels was compared. A total of 119 participants received 3 different disgusting and one control stimulus, each presented through the visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory channel. Ratings of evoked disgust as well as responses of the autonomic nervous system (heart rate, skin conductance level, systolic blood pressure) were recorded and the effect of stimulus labeling and of repeated presentation was analyzed. Ratings suggested that disgust could be evoked through all senses; they were highest for visual stimuli. However, autonomic reaction toward disgusting stimuli differed according to the channel of presentation. In contrast to the other, olfactory disgust stimuli provoked a strong decrease of systolic blood pressure. Additionally, labeling enhanced disgust ratings and autonomic reaction for olfactory and tactile, but not for visual and auditory stimuli. Repeated presentation indicated that participant's disgust rating diminishes to all but olfactory disgust stimuli. Taken together we argue that the sensory channel through which a disgust reaction is evoked matters.
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Croy, Ilona, Kerstin Laqua, Frank Süß, Peter Joraschky, Tjalf Ziemssen, and Thomas Hummel. "The sensory channel of presentation alters subjective ratings and autonomic responses toward disgusting stimuli – Blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance in response to visual, auditory, haptic and olfactory presented disgusting stimuli." Frontiers, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27294.
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Disgust causes specific reaction patterns, observable in mimic responses and body reactions. Most research on disgust deals with visual stimuli. However, pictures may cause another disgust experience than sounds, odors, or tactile stimuli. Therefore, disgust experience evoked by four different sensory channels was compared. A total of 119 participants received 3 different disgusting and one control stimulus, each presented through the visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory channel. Ratings of evoked disgust as well as responses of the autonomic nervous system (heart rate, skin conductance level, systolic blood pressure) were recorded and the effect of stimulus labeling and of repeated presentation was analyzed. Ratings suggested that disgust could be evoked through all senses; they were highest for visual stimuli. However, autonomic reaction toward disgusting stimuli differed according to the channel of presentation. In contrast to the other, olfactory disgust stimuli provoked a strong decrease of systolic blood pressure. Additionally, labeling enhanced disgust ratings and autonomic reaction for olfactory and tactile, but not for visual and auditory stimuli. Repeated presentation indicated that participant's disgust rating diminishes to all but olfactory disgust stimuli. Taken together we argue that the sensory channel through which a disgust reaction is evoked matters.
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Nguyen, Anthony Ngoc. "Importance Prioritised Image Coding in JPEG 2000." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16005/.
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Importance prioritised coding is a principle aimed at improving the interpretability (or image content recognition) versus bit-rate performance of image coding systems. This can be achieved by (1) detecting and tracking image content or regions of interest (ROI) that are crucial to the interpretation of an image, and (2)compressing them in such a manner that enables ROIs to be encoded with higher fidelity and prioritised for dissemination or transmission. Traditional image coding systems prioritise image data according to an objective measure of distortion and this measure does not correlate well with image quality or interpretability. Importance prioritised coding, on the other hand, aims to prioritise image contents according to an 'importance map', which provides a means for modelling and quantifying the relative importance of parts of an image. In such a coding scheme the importance in parts of an image containing ROIs would be higher than other parts of the image. The encoding and prioritisation of ROIs means that the interpretability in these regions would be improved at low bit-rates. An importance prioritised image coder incorporated within the JPEG 2000 international standard for image coding, called IMP-J2K, is proposed to encode and prioritise ROIs according to an 'importance map'. The map can be automatically generated using image processing algorithms that result in a limited number of ROIs, or manually constructed by hand-marking OIs using a priori knowledge. The proposed importance prioritised coder coder provides a user of the encoder with great flexibility in defining single or multiple ROIs with arbitrary degrees of importance and prioritising them using IMP-J2K. Furthermore, IMP-J2K codestreams can be reconstructed by generic JPEG 2000 decoders, which is important for interoperability between imaging systems and processes. The interpretability performance of IMP-J2K was quantitatively assessed using the subjective National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS). The effect of importance prioritisation on image interpretability was investigated, and a methodology to relate the NIIRS ratings, ROI importance scores and bit-rates was proposed to facilitate NIIRS specifications for importance prioritised coding. In addition, a technique is proposed to construct an importance map by allowing a user of the encoder to use gaze patterns to automatically determine and assign importance to fixated regions (or ROIs) in an image. The importance map can be used by IMP-J2K to bias the encoding of the image to these ROIs, and subsequently to allow a user at the receiver to reconstruct the image as desired by the user of the encoder. Ultimately, with the advancement of automated importance mapping techniques that can reliably predict regions of visual attention, IMP-J2K may play a significant role in matching an image coding scheme to the human visual system.
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Ondruch, Lukáš. "Aplikace fuzzy logiky pro vyhodnocení dodavatelů firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444552.
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The master’s thesis deals with the use of fuzzy logic for evaluating the quality of suppliers of IT goods and other material for a selected company. The fuzzy model should facilitate decisions when selecting individual suppliers who should deliver goods for the implementation of IT projects. The model created in Microsoft Excel and MathWorks MATLAB should be helpful to the company's management and sales representatives.
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Gelow, Stefan. "Ratings and eye movements of emotion regulation." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30205.
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People have different strategies to regulate and control their own emotions. For short-term emotion regulation of visual stimuli, cognitive reappraisal and attentional deployment are of relevance. The present study used self-ratings and eye-tracking data to replicate previous findings that eye movements are effective in emotion regulation. 25 participants (6 males) watched positive and negative pictures in an attend condition and a decrease emotion condition. They rated their emotional experience and their eye movements were followed with an eye-tracker. Ratings showed that they perceived pictures as less emotional in the decrease condition as compared to the attend condition both for positive and negative pictures. This decrease in ratings of emotional response was larger for positive than for negative pictures. Eye-tracking data showed no significant effect of emotion regulation condition. Further research is proposed to include self-ratings in studies of physiological changes due to emotion regulation, to differentiate between strategies of emotion regulation potentially used by participants.
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Gorbunova, Anastasia A. "Measuring Unconscious Processes in Visual Word Recognition Using Two-Alternative Forced Choice Tasks in Conjunction with Confidence Ratings and Psychophysiological Recordings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195906.
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The present dissertation aims to evaluate the phenomenon of visual masking as a tool for studying visual awareness focusing on two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) discrimination tasks. Two existing theories of masking - Bachmann's (1984) perceptual retouch theory and Marcel's (1983) recovery theory - are discussed along with the global neuronal workspace theory of awareness (Baars. 1989; Dehaene, Kerszberg, & Changeux, 1998). Performance accuracy on Semantic discrimination is compared to that on Orthographic discrimination as an indication of a potential difference between semantic and orthographic processing of masked word stimuli presented for 40 ms and 50 ms. This is further compared to an e-detection task previously used as an indicator of awareness in some masked priming experiments. Together, these tasks are further evaluated in terms of their relationship with participants' subjective reports collected in the form of confidence ratings. The implications and predictions drawn from the theories of masking and visual awareness as well as the notion of partial awareness (Kouider & Dupoux, 2001) are assessed taking into account the data obtained in the current experiments.The relevance of these data for masked priming is determined by performing a comparison between 2AFC discrimination and detection tasks, and the lexical decision task. An ERP study is also presented, in which Semantic and Orthographic discrimination as well as e-detection are paired with confidence ratings and electrophysiological recordings in search of an ERP component that can be correlated with both subjective (confidence) and objective (performance) measures of awareness. A binding account of visual awareness with special attention paid to visual masking is proposed and compared to the three existing theories.
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Yu, Alice Lap-Ho. "Studying the L- and M-cone ratios by the multifocal visual evoked potential." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974051934.
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Poisson, Marie E. "Studies in visual search : effects of distractor ratio and local grouping processes." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70299.
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According to Feature Integration Theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980), search for a target defined by features on two different dimensions (e.g. green horizontal target among red horizontal and green vertical distractors) is conducted via serial attentive search of all items in the array. Results presented in this thesis clearly demonstrate that conjunction search is not conducted as a serial self-terminating search, and suggest that subjects selectively search a single feature set. Strong support is also provided for the role of local grouping processes in visual conjunction search. This includes evidence demonstrating: (1) that local context is an important factor in directing search toward the target, and (2) that groups of spatially adjacent homogeneous elements can be processed in parallel. These results point to the importance of spatial layout of target and distractor elements. More recent theories (e.g. Cave & Wolfe, 1990) will have to be amended in order to account for these data.
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Rao, Anantha N. "Learning-based Visual Odometry - A Transformer Approach." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627658636420617.
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Levinson, Tami S. "The use of the Social Skills Rating System as applied to students who are visually impaired." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290117.
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This study investigated whether the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) is a valid standardized assessment for students who are visually impaired, and to identify specific items that might not be appropriate to include in a version for students who are visually impaired. SSRS teacher, student and parent form data from the Arizona State School for the Deaf and Blind (ASDB) was examined from the 2002 and 2003 school years. Participant data was obtained from 71 elementary level and 106 secondary level students. Students were in grades 3-12, were visually impaired, and being served by ASDB on campus or in the five regional cooperatives across the state of Arizona. SSRS student data was collected using teacher and student forms in the spring semester of 2002 and again in 2003. SSRS student data using parent forms was collected in the summer of 2003. Statistical analysis of the reliability of the SSRS instrument was measured by construct stability (Pearson correlations), interrater reliability (interclass correlations) and internal consistency (coefficient alpha). Statistical analysis of the validity of the SSRS instrument was measured using construct validity using Pearson correlations and t-tests. The results revealed good evidence for the reliability and validity of the SSRS teacher, parent, and student forms. An item analysis did not identify any inappropriate items for use with students who are visually impaired. The item analysis revealed some noteworthy patterns and recommendations, and special recommendations are made regarding the use of the SSRS teacher, student and parent forms for screening and identification purposes of students who are visually impaired.
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Olsson, Nathalie, and Hanna Pettersson. "Relationen mellan kontorsarbetares visuella trivsel i ljusmiljöer och en fysikalisk samt en perceptiv utvärdering." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54162.
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Syfte: Det råder brist på utvärderingar av belysningsanläggningar, vilket är ett viktigt verktyg för att få förståelse för brukares upplevelse, säkerställa en anläggnings kvalitet och förvärva kunskap till kommande projekt. Inomhusmiljön påverkar i hög grad människans hälsa och välbefinnande, där belysningen är en stor påverkningsfaktor. I samverkan med konsultföretaget WSP har utvärderingar genomförts i två kontorsmiljöer på Domstolsverket i Jönköping. Målet med studien var att undersöka hur en kvalitativ och kvantitativ utvärderingsmetod stod i relation till brukarnas uppfattningar av visuell trivsel. Metod: En kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder användes för att förstå ljusmiljöns perceptiva och fysikaliska uppbyggnad, samt förstå brukarnas subjektiva uppfattning. Använda metoder var enkät, observation utifrån PERCIFAL och mätning av luminansförhållande. Resultat: Inga tydliga samband återfanns mellan brukarnas uppfattning av visuell trivsel och observation, eller analyserade. Svaga tendenser fanns dock på att i de områden observatörerna upplevde ljusare, var även respondenternas attityd till den visuella miljön mer positiv. Både höga och låga luminansförhållanden resulterade i att respondenterna erhöll en positiv attityd till den visuella miljön och välbefinnande. En positiv inställning till ljusmiljön visade sig gynna den visuella trivseln. Starkast samband fanns mellan inställning till ljusmiljön och upplevelsen av den visuella miljön, där en positiv inställning gynnade upplevelsen av den visuella miljön. Konsekvenser: Studiens slutsats är att varken en mätning eller observation är tillräcklig att användas enskilt för att säkerställa brukarnas visuella trivsel, eller för att beskriva hur ljusmiljön uppfattas av användarna. Därför rekommenderas det att inkludera brukare vid utvärdering, och att utföra mer omfattande utvärderingar för att generera kunskap kring kopplingen mellan mätbart ljus, perceptiv upplevelse och subjektiv uppfattning av visuell trivsel. Om utvärderingar och efterkontroller som även tar hänsyn till brukarnas subjektiva uppfattning prioriteras högre i byggprocessen, kan det säkerställa att ljusmiljöer erhåller ännu högre kvalitet. Begränsningar: Att enkäten utfördes på distans kan ha påverkat resultatet, samt att respondenterna ofta valde det neutrala mittenalternativet. Vissa begrepp kan även ha tolkats på annat sätt än förväntat. Observation och mätning utfördes endast vid ett tillfälle och inte i samtliga zoner där respondenterna var positionerade. Observation och mätning utgick endast från belysningens grundinställningar och bildskärmarna var inte tända vid detta tillfälle. Valet av antalet lokaler och skillnad i användningsfrekvens kan också ha påverkat resultatet. Mätning av luminans visade sig vara mer komplext än vad som förväntats. Intervjuer hade troligtvis givit en djupare förståelse kring det undersökta fenomenet än vad som generades från enkäten. Resultatet är enbart tillämpbart i det undersökta fallet och är därmed inte generellt giltigt.Purpose: There is a shortage of evaluations of lighting constructions, which are crucial to understand the user, ensure the environmental quality and generate knowledge for future projects. The users’ well-being is affected by the indoor environmental quality, where the lighting has a major impact. In collaboration with the consulting company WSP, evaluations have been executed in two office environments at Domstolsverket in Jönköping. The aim with the study was to investigate how one qualitative and onequantitative evaluation method is related to the users’ perceptions of visual well-being. Method: A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to understand the perceptive and physical construction of the lighting environment, and to understand the users’ subjective experience. Used methods were questionnaire, observation based on PERCIFAL and luminance ratio measuring. Findings: No significant connection were found between the users’ experience of visual well-being and the observation, or between the luminance ratios. There were weak tendencies that those areas of which the observers experienced the brightest, the users experienced the visual environment in a more positive way. Both high and low luminance ratios resulted in a positive attitude to the visual environment and the wellbeing. A positive attitude to the lighting environment favored the visual well-being. The strongest connections were found between the attitude to the lighting environment and the experience of the visual environment, where a positive attitude favored the experience of the visual environment the most. Implications: Since either the measuring or the observation hadn’t any connection to the users’ subjective experience, the conclusion of the study is that either luminance ratios or a visual evaluation individually are sufficient to ensure the users visual wellbeingor to describe how the lighting environment is experienced by the users.Therefore, it is recommended to include users in evaluations, and to execute more comprehensive evaluations to generate more knowledge regarding the connection between measurable light and perceptive and subjective experience of visual wellbeing. If this is included in the process, it might increase the quality of the lighting environment. Limitations: The questionnaire was responded to at a distance and the respondents tended to choose the neutral central option and those factors might have affected the result. Some terms might also have been interpreted in another way than expected. The observation and the measuring were only executed once, and not in all the areas where the respondents were positioned. While measuring and observing, only the most used light setting was used and the computer screens where not on. Luminance measuring was more complex than expected. Interviews might have given a deeper understanding about the investigated phenomenon than what was generated from the questionnaire.The result is only applicable in this specific case and therefore not universal.
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Bacci, Adriana do Vale Ferreira. ""Comparação da escala CR10 de Borg com a escala analógica visual (VAS) na avaliação da dor em pacientes com disfunções temporomandibulares"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-25042006-155158/.
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A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) e a escala Category-Ratio (CR10) foram aplicadas para mensurar a dor em pacientes com Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTMs) em dois estudos. No primeiro estudo, em 35 pacientes (Grupo I) foram aplicadas uma versão modificada da escala CR10 em português e a VAS para mensurar a dor espontânea, durante função orofacial e durante palpação antes e após tratamento odontológico. A modificação na CR10 consistiu em um desmembramento das categorias verbais e da escala numérica apresentadas cada uma delas em única coluna em mesma folha. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre as pontuações da VAS e da CR10 foram 0,85 antes do tratamento odontológico e 0,9 após o tratamento, indicando alta validade de critério. A associação entre os valores numéricos e as categorias verbais da Escala CR10 Modificada mostrou diferenças em relação ao que é proposto na escala original. As categorias: Moderado, Forte e Muito Forte foram associadas a valores superiores aos originais. O segundo estudo foi planejado para investigar se essas discrepâncias nas associações das categorias com os seus valores numéricos eram replicáveis e verificar se não dependiam da forma de apresentação da escala CR10 modificada. Para isso, as escalas foram aplicadas para medir dor em duas novas amostras de pacientes com DTMs antes do tratamento odontológico. A CR10 com nova modificação e a VAS foram aplicadas à primeira amostra (Grupo II , n=23 pacientes). A modificação na CR10 consistiu na apresentação primeiro da escala numérica em uma coluna seguida pela apresentação das categorias verbais em três colunas. A CR10 original e a VAS foram aplicadas à segunda amostra (Grupo III, n=17 pacientes). Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram 0,9 para o Grupo II e 0,8 para o Grupo III, indicando também alta validade de critério. Assim como no primeiro estudo, na escala CR10, as categorias verbais: Moderado, Forte e Muito Forte foram associadas na escala numérica a valores superiores aos propostos na escala original Em ambos estudos, a escala CR10 foi a mais bem avaliada pelos pacientes, segundo a facilidade de compreensão das instruções e a adequação para o registro da dor. Evidencia-se a necessidade de mais estudos para validar a escala CR10 para a língua portuguesa para determinar com precisão a associação das categorias verbais aos valores numéricos.Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Category-Ratio Scale (CR10) were applied to measure pain in patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). In the first study, a modified version of CR10 translated to Portuguese and VAS were applied to measure spontaneous pain, functional pain and pain by touch after and before dentistry treatment in 35 patients (Group I). The CR10 modification consisted of presenting the verbal categories and the numerical scale in separated columns in a sheet. Coefficients of Pearsons correlation between VAS and CR10 scores were .85 and .90 respectively before and after treatment, indicating a high criterion validation. The association of numerical values and verbal categories of Modified CR10 scale were different from the original CR10. The verbal expressions moderate, strong and very strong were attached to higher values. In the second study we investigated if these discrepancies in attaching the verbal categories to the numerical scale were replicable and if they were not an artifact of the way of presenting the modified CR10 scale. To check these topics, the scales were applied to measure pain in two new samples of patients with TMD before dentistry treatment. A new modified version of the CR10 scale and the VAS were applied to the first sample (Group II, n=23 patients). This modification in CR10 scale consisted of presenting first the numerical scale in separate column, and then the verbal categories distributed in three columns. The original CR10 and VAS were applied to the second sample (Group III, n=17 patients). Coefficients of Pearsons correlation between CR10 and VAS were .9 for Group II and .8 for Group III, indicating also high criterion validation. As indicated in the first study, some verbal categories were attached to the numerical scale at higher values than those ones in the original scale. In both studies,, most patients judged the CR10 easier to be understood and more adequate to measure pain than VAS. There is evidence of the necessity of more studies to validate CR10 to Portuguese to determine with precision the association of the verbal categories to the numeric values.
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Jones, Madeleine. "Visual Perception of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio : Possible Influences of Angry Facial Expressions as Revealed by Event-Related Brain Potentials." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17425.
Full textAbstract:
The facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is a measure of the cheekbone width divided by the height of the face from the upper lip to the brows. The metric is hypothesised to have evolved as an intra-sexual competition mechanism in males, where large fWHRs are thought to signal both threat and aggression. The fWHR is suggested to subtly resemble angry facial expressions, which, in turn, also signal threat. The late positive potential (LPP) and the vertex positive potential (VPP) are two event-related potentials (ERPs) especially sensitive to emotional content. Studies have also found that viewing angry compared to neutral facial expressions elicit a stronger response on the LPP. However, no study has tested how responses to the fWHR and angry facial expressions elicit changes in the LPP or VPP. In this study, participants firstly rated how threatening faces were with either low or high fWHRs with neutral or angry facial expressions. Secondly, EEG-activity was recorded during a picture-viewing task of the same faces. In the first task, participants rated the faces with angry facial expressions as more threatening compared to all other faces, regardless of fWHR, although the high fWHRs were rated as more threatening than the low fWHRs. In the second task, LPP and VPP mean amplitudes were significantly higher for the angry, high fWHR face compared to all other faces tested. This suggests that an additive effect of both angry facial expressions and high fWHRs together creates the highest threat level in both subjective ratings as well as in ERP mean amplitudes. Further ERP research is needed on the relationship between fWHRs and anger to establish how the two features work both separately and together.
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Martinsson, Viktor, and Tina Wikström. "Digitala skyltar i stadsmiljö : Utvärdering av ljusemitterande storbildsskärmars kontrastförhållande och påverkan på det upplevda stadsrummet." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36241.
Full textAbstract:
Denna studie syftar till att förse kommuner och fackmän med en rimlig utgångspunkt vid upprättande av ljusemitterande skyltar i stadsmiljö och på så vis bidra till perceptuellt väl sammansatta stadsrum. De vägledande frågeställningar som tas upp i rapporten ser till såväl lämpliga kontrastförhållanden som digitala skyltars påverkan på rumsupplevelsen. Med grund i vetenskapsteori rörande seende, rumslig upplevelse och digitala skyltar upprättades en 20 kvadratmeter stor digital skylt på Tändstickstorget i Jönköping, vari ett fältexperiment kom att äga rum den 15 mars 2017. Under experimentet kom skylten att ställas till sex olika scenarier med avseende på skyltluminans och kontrastförhållande till dess direkta omgivning, vilka samtliga granskades av en respondentgrupp om 20 personer. Därefter följde en omfattande visuell utvärdering av den digitala skyltens perceptuella påverkan på det aktuella torgrummet, med skylten inställd på det scenario som dömts behagligast. Av resultaten framgår att ett lågt kontrastförhållande mellan den ljusemitterande skylten och dess direkta omgivning föredras framför ett högt, då en tydlig korrelation mellan höga kontraster och obehag identifierats. Vidare visar resultaten att en digital skylt leder till att stadsrummet som helhet upplevs mörkare och att dess upplevda form och storlek förändras. Konkurrens uppstår mellan lokala landmärken och skylten, då dess luminanta yta blir det dominerande objektet i synfältet. Det framgår tydligt av undersökningen att beslut vid implementering av digitala skyltar i stadsmiljö bör styrkas med en god kunskapsgrund, något som resultaten och det specifikt för studien utformade mätdataformuläret avser bidra till.This thesis aims to provide municipalities and professionals with a reasonable starting point when planning for light emitting signs in urban environments, thus contributing to perceptually cohesive urban spaces. The questions raised in this report examine appropriate contrast ratios as well as digital signage’s impact on the spatial experience. Based on scientific theory concerning human vision, spatial experience and digital signage’s a 20-square meter digital sign was installed at Tändstickstorget in Jönköping, where a field experiment took place on the 15th of March 2017. The sign was programmed into six different scenarios with regard to its screen luminance and contrast ratio to its immediate surroundings, all of which were reviewed by 20 respondents. Furthermore, an extensive visual evaluation was carried out to investigate the perceptual impact the digital sign had on the city square, with the sign set to the scenario deemed most pleasant. The results show that a low contrast ratio between the light emitting sign and its immediate surroundings is preferred to a high ratio, seeing as a clear correlation between high contrasts and discomfort has been identified. Moreover, the results show that a digital sign makes the urban space perceptually darker overall, whilst at the same time affecting the form and size of the space. Competition arises between the local landmarks and the sign, as its luminous surface becomes the dominant object in the field of view. It is clear from the study that decisions regarding the implementation of digital signs in urban environments should be strengthened with a good knowledgebase, which the results along with the measurement data form developed specifically for the study intends to contribute with.
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Borodinova, Baiba. "Inner yard building occupant’s perception versus the computer simulated metrics of daylight : Field study and simulation-based analysis of inner yard building." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233840.
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This Master thesis was aimed at investigating common daylight evaluation methods related to Swedish building codes versus human perception of daylight in residential spaces. Field (interview) and simulation-based study were conducted in one of the typical 20thcentury residential, closed courtyard buildings in Stockholm. 12 residents of Kv. Väktaren 16 were interviewed and simulation models were prepared for the apartments occupied by the participants. Resident perception of light was mostly contrary to daylight assessing values and methods of daylight factor – DF in a point (CIE overcast sky) and alternative method of window to floor area ratio – AF that are stated in Swedish standard (Boverkets byggregler BFS 2016:6). Attractive and interesting view, access to direct sunlight and visual comfort played important role in overall occupant satisfaction level, this suggests that daylight metrics should include perception-based factors, which positively impact our health and well-being.
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Huang, Po-Chi, and 黃柏齊. "A Visual Attention and Perceptual Rating Model for Synthetic Structural Textures." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69803094390920750981.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
多媒體工程研究所
100
Texture synthesis is a hot topic in computer graphics; however, there is less work on perceptual evaluation of synthetic structural texture. As visual attention is the first stage of visual cognition process, we propose two models, visual attention model and perceptual rating model, to predict visual saliency and human rating on synthetic structural textures. We designed an experiment to gather subjects' eye-tracking data and rating while evaluating the similarity of synthesized textures. The visual attention model is developed to associate texture features and fixations. The perceptual rating model is trained to associate the relationship between the fixations and the rating. We compared our visual attention model with the saliency map. Our model correctly predicts 82.7% of fixation positions while the saliency map only achieves 57%. For the perceptual rating, Chi-square value of our model is 3.98 but non-perceptual metric is 6.95, comparing to human's rating scores. Our model is very helpful for guiding texture synthesis and manipulation algorithms to efficiently allocate computational resources to those regions that humans may consider unnatural and pay attention to.
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Hsu, Feng Yi, and 徐峰毅. "Effects of Age and Gender on Driving Self-rating Visual Abilities and Discriminative Reaction Responses." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55743396676644871156.
Full textAbstract:
碩士聖約翰科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
97
Sixty-three participants were recruited and aged from 18 to 65 years old for this study and divided into three age stratifications. Assessment of participants’ driving abilities was performed by questionnaire of AAA foundation: Check your own performance, visual abilities (visual acuity, depth perception, and visual field), discriminative reaction test, digital-type speed anticipation reaction test and test of traffic regulation. Results of self-rating showed that the scores were higher in younger subjects. Then, female younger subjects had the highest scores than others. Higher test scores of driving regulations found in female subjects. For visual abilities measurement, younger subjects were better visual acuity and depth perception. For digital-type speed anticipation reaction test, effects of age and gender were not significant differences in slow speed anticipation reaction test. In fast speed condition, younger groups and female subjects were better responses than others. Results of this study could be used in applied and renewed for driver’s license and improving traffic safety for older drivers.
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Chin, Ching-Lan, and 經景蘭. "An Application of Confidence Rating for a Non-parametric Adaptive Procedure: A Weighted Up-down Procedure with Visual Analogue Scale." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52094134207033589273.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
心理學研究所
100
In the psychophysical research field, detection or discrimination thresholds can be estimated by non-parametric adaptive procedures. The two-alternative forced-choice paradigm is commonly used for the experiment. In this paradigm, participants have to choose the alternative that contains the target stimulus. Recently, some researchers conducted psychophysical experiments using non-parametric adaptive procedures that incorporate the confidence rating of responses from participants. The efficiency of thresholds and parameters estimations was enhanced by the confidence rating of responses (Kaernbach, 2001; Klein, 2001; Garcia-Perez, 2010). In this thesis, the weighted up-down procedure, a non-parametric adaptive procedure, was used to conduct experiments. Two response tools - keyboard and visual analogue scale — and the confidence rating of two-, three-, and four-response options were used to collect responses, comparing the efficiency of discrimination threshold estimations among different options of the confidence rating. We also used a non-adaptive procedure to measure the thresholds and tested the consistency of threshold estimations between the non-adaptive and weighted up-down procedures. To conclude, threshold estimations by the weighted up-down procedure were biased compared to the estimations by the non-adaptive procedure. And this result was consistent with previous simulation studies. The results in the weighted up-down procedure showed that tasks with three-, and four-response options were more efficient methods on estimating thresholds than the task with the two-response option. Moreover, threshold estimations by the visual analogue scale were inconsistent with those with keyboard, unless the former was incorporated with more response options of confidence rating.
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Ribeiro, Rita Maria Teixeira. "Parâmetros estéticos: perspetiva de leigos, de estudantes de medicina dentária e de médicos dentistas." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9045.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo: A estética facial é, cada vez mais, objeto de estudo e de motivação que leva as pessoas a recorrerem ao tratamento ortodôntico, cirurgia maxilofacial e, por vezes reabilitação protética. Neste sentido, é importante, que o Médico Dentista identifique claramente as expetativas do paciente, para que, o resultado final seja o mais harmonioso para ambas as partes. Nesta investigação, procurou-se avaliar a perceção de atratividade entre Leigos, Estudantes de Medicina Dentária e Médicos Dentistas e assim aferir, se o grau de formação em Medicina Dentária influencia esta variante, bem como o género e faixa etária.
Métodos: Procedeu-se à manipulação da fotografia da face de um indivíduo do género feminino, caucasiana, a cores, considerada esteticamente normal segundo os padrões correntes, obtendo-se assim um álbum de 12 fotografias. Aplicou-se um questionário a uma amostra de 86 participantes, sendo 28 (32.6%) pacientes (Leigos), 34 Estudantes de Medicina Dentária (39.5%) e 24 Médicos Dentistas (27.9%).
Resultados: Os indivíduos com faces mais próximas das proporções ideais são considerados mais atraentes. No respeitante às variáveis em estudo: formação, género e idade e à perceção de atratividade, apenas se constataram diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível da formação. No que concerne à idade, registou-se uma tendência para o grupo de Leigos com idades mais elevadas terem índice de perceção de atratividade mais baixos.
Conclusões: É fundamental que, o Médico Dentista possua as ferramentas necessárias, que lhe permitam avaliar a forma facial e saber como executar adequadamente as técnicas para preservar ou melhorar a harmonia facial. Ainda que atenda às proporções ideais, aquando da conceção do tratamento ortodôntico, não deve excluir outros métodos de avaliação da beleza e atratividade facial.Objective: Nowadays, facial aesthetics is increasingly the object of study and motivation that leads people to seek orthodontic treatment, maxillofacial surgery and sometimes prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore it is important that the dentist clearly identifies the patient's expectations concerning the final result so that this result may become the may most harmonious for both parties. This research aimed to evaluate the perception of attractiveness among lay people, students of dentistry and dentists and, this way, to assess whether the degree of education in dentistry influences this variant, as well as gender and age group. Methods: A color photograph of the face of a female Caucasian person was manipulated and considered to be aesthetically normal according to current standards and an album of 12 photographs was obtained. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of 86 participants: 28 (32.6%) patients (Lay), 34 Dental Students (39.5%) and 24 Dentists (27.9%). Results: Individuals with faces closer to ideal proportions are considered more attractive. Regarding the variables under study: education, gender and age and the perception of attractiveness, only statistically significant differences were found at the level of education. Regarding to age, there was a tendency for the group of older lay people to have a lower rate of perceived attractiveness. Conclusions: It is mainly essential that the dentist has the necessary tools that allow him to evaluate the facial shape and know how to properly perform the techniques to preserve or improve facial harmony. Although it meets the ideal proportions when designing orthodontic treatment, it should not exclude other methods for assessing facial beauty and attractiveness.
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Yu, Ya-Hui, and 游雅惠. "Application of Flush Response to Niacin Skin Patch in Schizophrenia Research: Comparing Visual Rating with Infrared Thermography and Their Relations to Fatty Acids Levels in Blood." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90272977649091262130.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學與預防醫學研究所
99
Background: Attenuated niacin-induced flush response, a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia, has been postulated to involve a prostaglandin-related microvasodilation pathway where arachidonic acid or other fatty acids may play important roles. However, the correlations between the flush response and the implicated biochemical indexes remained incoherent, either because of different ways in giving niacin challenge test or in the evaluation of response. Alternatively measuring the raising temperature accompanying the niacin-induced flush might serve as an tool to assess the niacin-induced flush response. Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) evaluate the applicability of infrared thermography in measuring the niacin-induced flush response, and 2) examine the relations of the flush magnitude to fatty acids levels in blood. Methods: For the first aim, a pilot study of two groups of subjects were used to clarify the correlation between objectively measured temperature and visually rated flush score, whereas for the second aim another independent sample of psychiatric inpatients as well as healthy controls were used to explore the correlation between temperature, flush and fatty acids levels in red blood cells (RBCs) as well as in plasma. Three concentrations of niacin skin test with forty minute observation by visual rating method and infrared thermography method was performed in the sample of pilot study (31 patients with schizophrenia and 32 normal controls). On the other hand, niacin skin test with fifteen minute observation using both methods and blood fatty acids analysis were performed in the sample of biochemical study (9 patients with schizophrenia, 6 patients with bipolar disorder, and 15 normal controls). Fatty acids compositions of RBC and plasma were analyzed using gas chromatography. Results: Visual rating score method showed group difference in 0.001M while thermography method did not reveal group difference in all concentration and times. The correlations between these two methods were weak. Subjects of biochemical sample were re-grouped as non-flushers versus flushers on the basis of the flush score for 0.01M at 5 minute. The RBC and plasma levels of n-6 fatty acids in non-flushers tended to be lower than the corresponding ones of flushers and the RBC level of EPA was significantly higher in non-flushers than flushers. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in measuring the niacin-induced flush response the visual rating method is better in discriminating schizophrenia patients from normal controls than the infrared thermography-based temperature rating. Furthermore, our results indicate that non-flushers tended to have lower levels of n-6 fatty acids but higher EPA levels than flushers. Future investigation is warranted to further explore the physiological abnormalities associated with the attenuated flush response in schizophrenia patients.
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Lin, Che-Yu, and 林哲佑. "Almost Aspect Ratio Invariant Visual Cryptography Scheme." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mxfrzc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
102
A visual cryptography scheme (VCS) divides a secret image into some shadow images (known as the shadows) in a way that requires the shadows in a certain privileged coalitions for the secret reconstruction. However, the secret image cannot be revealed if they are not combined in the prescribed way. VCS has a novel stack-to-see property where decoding requires neither knowledge of cryptography nor computer. VCS is often used as a (k, n)-threshold scheme, where k is the threshold value to reveal the secret and n is the number of shadows. One can reconstruct a secret image by k or more shadows, while he cannot conjecture any information from less than k shadows. Generally, in (k, n)-VCS, a secret pixel is expanded into m secret pixels, so that the shadow size will be expanded m times. For the case, m is not a square number, hence the aspect ratio of reconstructed image will be distorted. Accordingly, an aspect ratio invariant VCS (ARIVCS) was proposed to address this distortion problem. However, a (k, n)-ARIVCS needs adding extra subpixels. In addition, it needs a complicated algorithm to find a mapping pattern showing how to arrange subpixels. Sometimes, m is too large that will bring a huge challenge. In this thesis, we propose the almost aspect ratio invariant VCS (AAIVCS) which simulated the principle of jigsaw puzzle. Our (k, n)-AAIVCS shows that no loss of aspect ratio can be almost achieved without adding extra subpixels. If the secret is allowed a little bit geometrically distorted, the proposed (k, n)-AAIVCS is very attractive since we do not need extra subpixels. Also, we theoretically prove that our construction method is the best way to achieve the less aspect ratio difference.
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Chen, Pin-Wei, and 陳品維. "Aspect Ration Invariant Visual Cryptography by Image Filtering and Resizing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27033882179465238388.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
99
Secure digital imaging is an important research area combining methods and techniques coming from cryptography and image processing. In Naor and Shamir’s visual cryptography scheme (VCS), the decoding process is performed directly by the human eyes, while in general, the shared images need some processing to reconstruct the secret image. In a (k, n)-VCS, a secret image is divided into n shadows. One can print out any k or more than k shadows on transparencies and stack them to visually reveal the secret image; but, one cannot obtain any information of the secret image from fewer than k shadows. Up to date, there are vast research papers on VCS in the literature. Some novel applications of VCS combining watermark, fingerprint, Google street view, and bar code were also introduced. In VCS, a secret pixel is expanded to m subpixels in shadows. Apparently, we should put these m subpixels as a rectangle such that the blocks can be arranged compactly with each other, and meantime make shadows approximate the aspect ratio of the secret image. Obviously, the distortion of aspect ratio occurs at the case that m is not a square. If the shape is the secret information, this distortion compromises our secret. A so-called aspect ratio invariant VCS (ARIVCS) was accordingly proposed to address the arrangement of subpixels. However, the existing AIVCS needs dummy pixels to keep the aspect ratio and a mapping pattern for arranging the subpixels. In this thesis, we propose an easy solution to construct ARIVCS by image filtering and resizing. In addition, our ARIVCS can be extended to an arbitrary-size VCS with any desired size. Experimental results demonstrate that the filtering in our scheme really works.
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Elahipanah, Ava. "Visual Attention among Patients with Schizophrenia: A Study of Visual Span and Selectivity in Visual Search." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43553.
Full textAbstract:
Attention is one of the most impaired cognitive functions in schizophrenia; however, the precise mechanisms underlying schizophrenia-related attention impairment are unclear. Progress in identifying these mechanisms has been hampered by using methods that are not designed to isolate specific cognitive processes. The purpose of the present dissertation was to investigate visual attention among patients with schizophrenia using the visual search paradigm — the dominant paradigm for studying attention in the cognitive sciences. Moreover, the current study used eye-tracking methodology to more finely examine the mechanisms underlying impaired visual search in this clinical population. This dissertation had three main objectives: (1) to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have smaller and/or less dynamic visual spans, (2) to examine whether certain mechanisms guiding the visual selection of objects are impaired in schizophrenia, and (3) to determine the contribution of visual search performance to substitution test performance. Results indicated that patients’ visual spans are both smaller and less dynamic compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, selectivity for more informative distractors is intact in schizophrenia; however, impaired motion perception results in impaired target discrimination in the context of intact target selection. Results also indicated that visual search performance is a primary determinant of substitution test performance. Collectively, these data demonstrate, on one hand, an impairment among patients with schizophrenia in the distribution and flexible modulation of visual attention and, on the other hand, intact visual selective attention in the presence of strong bottom-up cues. The current data also demonstrate the important contribution of visual attention to a highly sensitive neuropsychological test and, by inference, to patients’ cognitive and real-world functioning.
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Anderson, William Craig. "‘ratio : an experiment in collaboration and generating narrative." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26840.
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‘ratio, is a new play that was conceived as a collaborative experiment to investigate the possibility of a playwright and designer co-authoring a script through their preferred mediums; written text and visual art. The final script document consists of both a written text and visual narrative text, asking the reader to create and interpret the story through both mediums.text
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Lin, Tzu-Yang, and 林子揚. "The Impact of Web Advertising Visual Design and Advertising Attitude on Purchase Intention：Social Media Ratings as Moderator." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tn9u4v.
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YU, JEN-TZU, and 游任慈. "A Study on The Effects of Visual Greening Ratio in Reading Space." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41437795812101483695.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
103
Reading space is a place to achieve self-learning, reading and self-realization for readers. Except the practical function, reading space should be an environment with comfortable ambience. The key point of reading quality is the situation of reading space. A stimulating environment can increase the sensitivity,concentration and inspiration of the reader. The reader not only can read but also can improve the efficiency of reading in a comfortable environment. In recent years, reading space is raising the comfort and aura by using the pot plant indoor or the green plant outdoor. However, will it effect on the reading and feeling in different visual greening ratio? So, this research is trying to discuss the benefit among different visual greening ratio in reading space. Research the effects on the behavior and psychology of reading with different visual greening ratio, by field observations and questionnaires. The result shows that surrounding by green plants, reading can have faster speed and last longer. The reader would feel peaceful, happiness, cheerful, satisfied, cosy, calm and the pressure would be released at the same time. Thus, the green environment can raise the Visual Greening Ratios and fulfil people’s mentality.
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Stanley, Clayton. "Visual Displays: Developing a Computational Model Explaining the Global Effect." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/27362.
Full textAbstract:
This work aims to integrate Byrne’s theory of visual salience computation
(2006) with Salvucci’s model of eye movements (2001) by testing participants on a
visual search task similar to Findlay (1997). By manipulating the number, salience,
and spacing of targets, participants exhibited the global effect averaging phenomena
during the first recorded saccade, whereby short‐latency saccades land in between
adjacent objects. Previous work has argued that the saccadic targeting system
causing the averaging is influenced both by the salience and arrangement of objects
displayed (Rao, Zelinsky, Hayho, & Ballard, 2002). However, to accurately account
for these results, we did not have to couple the salience system with the saccadic
targeting system. Instead, the systems work sequentially and in isolation, whereby
the salience system simply hands off the next object to examine to the targeting
system, whose accuracy depends only on saccadic latency and the location of the
targeted and non‐targeted items.
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Chiu, Yu-Ting, and 邱郁婷. "Nighttime Visual Localization and Error Analysis for Indoor Mobile Robot based on Cross-Ratio." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93423083843609387086.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
95
In this thesis, we propose an efficient way of analyzing localization error for systems which use cross-ratio for mobile robot localization. We first inspect the linear nature of localization error due to small 1D inaccuracy in image feature measurements. Properties of the localization error due to two dimensional errors of reference image points are then investigated. Such an analysis will be useful for one to choose point features in stereo images to establish the probabilistically most accurate localization system based on cross-ratio. Moreover, we also proposed an efficient way to analyze localization errors considering multiple noisy image points. Such an approach will be very helpful in practice for the development of a reliable localization system.
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Yang, Yueh, and 楊岳. "The Influences of Visual Angle and Ratio of Color Area on Perception of Hue Pair." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03158253613796978458.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
工業設計學系
86
Hue assimilation and simultaneous hue contrast, each of the characters areopposite, change the color attributes of hue pair. We define these colorperceptions, which are the result of juxtaposing two hues, as " the per-ceptions of hue pair ". The phenomenon results to the color attributes ofhue pair itself. This research explores the result of juxtaposing two hues to be hue assimi-lation or simultaneous hue contrast, the degree of hue shift, and the sen-sory threshold which in certain visual angle or ratio of color area when huepair changes its color perception. The visual angle is determined by one strip in hue pair. Color samples was displayed by color computer monitor.We adopt HLS computercolor display system to resolve the limit of matching Munsell color papersand to response the trend of computerize. HLS values, the results of thisresearch, will be converted to RGB values and CIELUV values by converse formulae( HLS-RGB-CIEXYZ-CIELUV). And then, we measured hue shift result fromhue pair by CIELUV-1976 hue difference formulae. We adopt the method oflimits and the method of constant stimuli in procedure to quantify the sen-sory threshold of transition between hue assimilation and contrast and thedegree of hue assimilation and simultaneous hue contrast under differentvisual angles and ratios of color areas. The result demonstrated that the hue shift of hue pair is approximately inverse related to the hue difference, cubic related to the visual angle,and linear related to the log value of ratio of color area. With the end ofthe research, designers will be able to easily process color planning and color assorting under various visual angles, ratio of color areas, and to upgrade the quality of color use.
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Roncone, Christopher Erik. "Assessment of computerized visual treatment objective predictions in surgical class II mandibular advancements using individualized soft tissue ratios." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48146727.html.
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(7874897), Ryan T. Whelchel. "Evaluation and Structural Behavior of Deteriorated Precast, Prestressed Concrete Box Beams." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Adjacent precast,
prestressed box beam bridges have a history of poor performance and have been
observed to exhibit common types of deterioration including longitudinal
cracking, concrete spalling, and deterioration of the concrete top flange. The nature of these types of deterioration
leads to uncertainty of the extent and effect of deterioration on structural
behavior. Due to limitations in previous
research and understanding of the strength of deteriorated box beam bridges,
conservative assumptions are being made for the assessment and load rating of
these bridges. Furthermore, the design
of new box beam bridges, which can offer an efficient and economical solution,
is often discouraged due to poor past performance. Therefore, the objective of this research is
to develop improved recommendations for the inspection, load rating, and design
of adjacent box beam bridges. Through a
series of bridge inspections, deteriorated box beams were identified and
acquired for experimental testing. The
extent of corrosion was determined through visual inspection, non-destructive
evaluation, and destructive evaluation.
Non-destructive tests (NDT) included the use of connectionless
electrical pulse response analysis (CEPRA), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and
half-cell potentials. The deteriorated
capacity was determined through structural testing, and an analysis procedure
was developed to estimate deteriorated behavior. A rehabilitation procedure was also developed
to restore load transfer of adjacent beams in cases where shear key failures
are suspected. Based on the
understanding of deterioration developed through study of deteriorated adjacent
box beam bridges, improved inspection and load rating procedure are provided along
with design recommendations for the next generation of box beam bridges.
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CHEN, YONG-HE, and 陳永和. "The Effect of Web Page Width and Column Ratio on Visual Search Performance in High Resolution Screen." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nhbywb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
工業設計系創新設計碩士班
107
In recent years, the size and resolution of computer screens have been continuously improved. The speed of searching is affected by the ratio of pictures and text in web pages due to the increasing resolution of a screen.Because of the popularity of Responsive Web Design, the problems caused by high-resolution screens are currently less considered. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find a best ratio of webpage size suitable for high-resolution screen browsing, and hopes to improve the speed of searching while users browse website.Hereby is to research whether the ratio of length and column at 32” 4K screen resolution affect the visual search performance of images and text by the task performance measurement. The result of analysis is that, the performance of text searching at a 50% width and a standard column is better in a single-page webpage.The performance is better at 35% width webpage when zooming the ratio of column.Overall, the performance of text searching is the best at the standard column; The performance of image searching is the best at an enlarged column.
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Yu, Alice Lap-Ho [Verfasser]. "Studying the L- and M-cone ratios by the multifocal visual evoked potential / vorgelegt von Alice Lap-Ho Yu." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974051934/34.
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Huang, Sheng-Cheng. "Are icons pictures or logographical words? Statistical, behavioral, and neuroimaging measures of semantic interpretations of four types of visual information." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5430.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is composed of three studies that use statistical, behavioral, and neuroimaging methods to investigate Chinese and English speakers’ semantic interpretations of four types of visual information including icons, single Chinese characters, single English words, and pictures. The goal is to examine whether people cognitively process icons as logographical words.
By collecting survey data from 211 participants, the first study investigated how differently these four types of visual information can express specific meanings without ambiguity on a quantitative scale. In the second study, 78 subjects participated in a behavioral experiment that measured how fast people could correctly interpret the meaning of these four types of visual information in order to estimate the differences in reaction times needed to process these stimuli. The third study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 20 participants selected from the second study to identify brain regions that were needed to process these four types of visual information in order to determine if the same or different neural networks were required to process these stimuli.
Findings suggest that 1) similar to pictures, icons are statistically more ambiguous than English words and Chinese characters to convey the immediate semantics of objects and concepts; 2) English words and Chinese characters are more effective and efficient than icons and pictures to convey the immediate semantics of objects and concepts in terms of people’s behavioral responses, and 3) according to the neuroimaging data, icons and pictures require more resources of the brain than texts, and the pattern of neural correlates under the condition of reading icons is different from the condition of reading Chinese characters.
In conclusion, icons are not cognitively processed as logographical words like Chinese characters although they both stimulate the semantic system in the brain that is needed for language processing. Chinese characters and English words are more evolved and advanced symbols that are less ambiguous, more efficient and easier for a literate brain to understand, whereas graphical representations of objects and concepts such as icons and pictures do not always provide immediate and unambiguous access to meanings and are prone to various interpretations.text
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Swanepoel, Andri. "The environmental literacy level of pre-service teacher trainees at selected campuses of Vista University." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6082.
Full textAbstract:
M.Ed.Because of the current curriculum developments, it is important that universities begin assessing their status regarding environmental education. This study will therefore aim at determining the current level of environmental awareness of third year pre-service teacher trainees at Vista University in order to make recommendations as to what an environmental education course should contain for the pre-service teacher trainees of this institution. Vista University consists of seven campuses, each accessible to the areas they serve. The different campuses are: Bloemfontein Campus outside Bloemfontein, East Rand Campus near Daveyton on the East Rand, Mamelodi Campus near Silverton in Pretoria East, Port Elizabeth Campus outside Port Elizabeth, Sebokeng Campus near Vereeniging, Soweto Campus in Soweto, and Welkom Campus outside Welkom. Vista University also provides Distance Education, the campus of which is situated in Pretoria. The university's Head Office is situated in Pretoria. This study will limit itself to two campuses within Gauteng, namely East Rand Campus, and Mamelodi Campus, AIMS OF THE STUDY As already mentioned, this survey will be conducted amongst the third year education students on each of the above-mentioned campuses. In order to assess the current status of environmental literacy at Vista University, this study will aim at the following: • to set up a questionnaire to measure the four stages of environmental literacy as set out by Roth (1992: 18 - 19); to undertake the survey amongst the third year education students of the East Rand and Mamelodi Campuses; to analyse and evaluate the data in order to determine the level of environmental awareness of the target group; to generalise the result of the sample to the population; to make suggestions as to what information needs to be included in an environmental education course for pre-service teacher trainees at Vista University
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Vaidhiyan, Nidhin Koshy. "Neuronal Dissimilarity Indices that Predict Oddball Detection in Behaviour." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2669.
Full textAbstract:
Our vision is as yet unsurpassed by machines because of the sophisticated representations of objects in our brains. This representation is vastly different from a pixel-based representation used in machine storages. It is this sophisticated representation that enables us to perceive two faces as very different, i.e, they are far apart in the “perceptual space”, even though they are close to each other in their pixel-based representations. Neuroscientists have proposed distances between responses of neurons to the images (as measured in macaque monkeys) as a quantification of the “perceptual distance” between the images. Let us call these neuronal dissimilarity indices of perceptual distances. They have also proposed behavioural experiments to quantify these perceptual distances. Human subjects are asked to identify, as quickly as possible, an oddball image embedded among multiple distractor images. The reciprocal of the search times for identifying the oddball is taken as a measure of perceptual distance between the oddball and the distractor. Let us call such estimates as behavioural dissimilarity indices. In this thesis, we describe a decision-theoretic model for visual search that suggests a connection between these two notions of perceptual distances.
In the first part of the thesis, we model visual search as an active sequential hypothesis testing problem. Our analysis suggests an appropriate neuronal dissimilarity index which correlates strongly with the reciprocal of search times. We also consider a number of alternative possibilities such as relative entropy (Kullback-Leibler divergence), the Chernoff entropy and the L1-distance associated with the neuronal firing rate profiles. We then come up with a means to rank the various neuronal dissimilarity indices based on how well they explain the behavioural observations. Our proposed dissimilarity index does better than the other three, followed by relative entropy, then Chernoff entropy and then L1 distance.
In the second part of the thesis, we consider a scenario where the subject has to find an oddball image, but without any prior knowledge of the oddball and distractor images. Equivalently, in the neuronal space, the task for the decision maker is to find the image that elicits firing rates different from the others. Here, the decision maker has to “learn” the underlying statistics and then make a decision on the oddball. We model this scenario as one of detecting an odd Poisson point process having a rate different from the common rate of the others. The revised model suggests a new neuronal dissimilarity index. The new dissimilarity index is also strongly correlated with the behavioural data. However, the new dissimilarity index performs worse than the dissimilarity index proposed in the first part on existing behavioural data. The degradation in performance may be attributed to the experimental setup used for the current behavioural tasks, where search tasks associated with a given image pair were sequenced one after another, thereby possibly cueing the subject about the upcoming image pair, and thus violating the assumption of this part on the lack of prior knowledge of the image pairs to the decision maker.
In conclusion, the thesis provides a framework for connecting the perceptual distances in the neuronal and the behavioural spaces. Our framework can possibly be used to analyze the connection between the neuronal space and the behavioural space for various other behavioural tasks.
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Mushore, Washington. "Corporate communications : a critical comparative study of the language of communication in the Zimbabwean banking sector." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3549.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to critically analyse the visual and verbal language used on printed adverts by some selected banks in Zimbabwe. A semiotic theory was used to analyse the printed adverts. The study revealed that all the banks use stereotyped language in communicating their messages to potential customers. Some audiences identified with this stereotyped languages, though others were also critical of stereotyped adverts. This paradox is dependent on the uneven levels of social consciousness of the audiences. The study argues that communication between banks and the potential customers is a product of negotiation of meaning at the point of reception of the printed adverts. The study then recommended the use of gender, race and class neutral language in order to enhance the effectiveness of advertisements. Future research into the study of the language of advertisement should focus on the problem of copyright infringement in advertising.African Languages
M.A. (African languages)
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Kulvicius, Tomas. "Modelling closed-loop receptive fields: On the formation and utility of receptive fields in closed-loop behavioural systems." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B68A-F.
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