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Journal articles on the topic 'Visual pruning'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Iorio, Carmela, Massimo Aria, Antonio D’Ambrosio, and Roberta Siciliano. "Informative trees by visual pruning." Expert Systems with Applications 127 (August 2019): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.03.018.

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2

Kim, G., J. A. Lewis-Peacock, K. A. Norman, and N. B. Turk-Browne. "Pruning of visual memories based on contextual prediction error." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (July 25, 2013): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.930.

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3

Zhang, Fan, Yang Song, Weidong Cai, Alexander G. Hauptmann, Sidong Liu, Sonia Pujol, Ron Kikinis, Michael J. Fulham, David Dagan Feng, and Mei Chen. "Dictionary pruning with visual word significance for medical image retrieval." Neurocomputing 177 (February 2016): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.11.008.

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4

Che Manqiang, 车满强, 李树斌 Li Shubin, and 葛金鹏 Ge Jinpeng. "Convolutional Channel Pruning and Weighting for Accurate Location Visual Tracking." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 57, no. 16 (2020): 161505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop57.161505.

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5

Zabadal, Thomas J., and Thomas W. Dittmer. "QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF CLUSTER COMPACTNESS IN SEVERAL TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 599g—600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.599g.

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Cluster compactness can affect fruit quality by influencing pesticide spray penetration into clusters and by predisposing berries to cracking and subsequent decay. Compactness of clusters can be altered through gibberellic acid sprays, flower cluster thinning and pruning severity. Assessment of cluster compactness has often been performed using a visual rating system which may not provide adequate quantitative measurement. Evaluation of cluster compactness by insertion of wedges between randomly chosen pairs of berries on a cluster revealed a high correlation with a visual rating system and a more sensitive measure of cluster compactness than the visual rating system. Several pruning severity treatments were applied to table grape cultivars to determine their influence on cluster compactness. It was possible to measure statistically significant differences in cluster compactness among these treatment using this wedge measurement technique.
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6

Alqahtani, Ali, Xianghua Xie, Mark W. Jones, and Ehab Essa. "Pruning CNN filters via quantifying the importance of deep visual representations." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 208-209 (July 2021): 103220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2021.103220.

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7

Suchocka, Marzena, Tatiana Swoczyna, Joanna Kosno-Jończy, and Hazem M. Kalaji. "Impact of heavy pruning on development and photosynthesis of Tilia cordata Mill. trees." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): e0256465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256465.

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Tree pruning is carried out to reduce conflict with infrastructure, buildings, and any other human activity. However, heavy pruning may result in a diminished tree crown capacity for sugar production and exposure to fungal infection. This risk leads to a decrease in tree stability or vigour. In this work, we analysed the effect of heavy pruning of roadside trees on the photosynthetic performance process compared to neighbouring unpruned trees. Four years of tree crown growth was studied by terrestrial imaging. Tree vitality (Roloff’s classification) and risk (Visual Tree Assessment) were evaluated. Over-pruned trees showed intensified photosynthetic efficiency during the growing season following pruning. Particularly ET0/TR0 and PIABS tended to increase in pruned trees while higher Fv/Fm was noted only in late October, suggesting delayed leaf senescence. After four years, pruned trees rebuilt their crowns, however not in their entirety. Results obtained from biometric, vitality, and risk assessment showed high differentiation in pruned tree crown recovery. Our results revealed that despite the intensified efforts of trees to recover from wounding effects, severe pruning evokes dieback occurrence and a higher risk of failure in mature trees.
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8

Yamahachi, Homare, Sally A. Marik, Justin N. J. McManus, Winfried Denk, and Charles D. Gilbert. "Rapid Axonal Sprouting and Pruning Accompany Functional Reorganization in Primary Visual Cortex." Neuron 64, no. 5 (December 2009): 719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.026.

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9

Benjumeda, Isabel, Manuel Molano-Mazón, and Luis M. Martinez. "Flowers and weeds: cell-type specific pruning in the developing visual thalamus." BMC Biology 12, no. 1 (2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-12-3.

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10

van Kerkoerle, Timo, Sally A. Marik, Stephan Meyer zum Alten Borgloh, and Charles D. Gilbert. "Axonal plasticity associated with perceptual learning in adult macaque primary visual cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 41 (September 27, 2018): 10464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812932115.

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Perceptual learning is associated with changes in the functional properties of neurons even in primary sensory areas. In macaque monkeys trained to perform a contour detection task, we have observed changes in contour-related facilitation of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex that track their improvement in performance on a contour detection task. We have previously explored the anatomical substrate of experience-dependent changes in the visual cortex based on a retinal lesion model, where we find sprouting and pruning of the axon collaterals in the cortical lesion projection zone. Here, we attempted to determine whether similar changes occur under normal visual experience, such as that associated with perceptual learning. We labeled the long-range horizontal connections in visual cortex by virally mediated transfer of genes expressing fluorescent probes, which enabled us to do longitudinal two-photon imaging of axonal arbors over the period during which animals improve in contour detection performance. We found that there are substantial changes in the axonal arbors of neurons in cortical regions representing the trained part of the visual field, with sprouting of new axon collaterals and pruning of preexisting axon collaterals. Our findings indicate that changes in the structure of axonal arbors are part of the circuit-level mechanism of perceptual learning, and further support the idea that the learned information is encoded at least in part in primary visual cortex.
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11

Vashisth, Tripti, and Taylor Livingston. "Assessment of Pruning and Controlled-release Fertilizer to Rejuvenate Huanglongbing-affected Sweet Orange." HortTechnology 29, no. 6 (December 2019): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04382-19.

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Previous research has shown that Huanglongbing {HLB [causal agent Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)]}-affected sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees have a reduced root-to-shoot ratio, potentially due to the high rate of root death. The diminished root system cannot support the existing aboveground canopy and a cycle of imbalance begins. As a result, the tree enters into a continuous carbohydrate stress cycle and, eventually, the tree declines. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate pruning as a strategy to adjust the root-to-shoot ratio to improve growth and productivity of HLB-affected trees. In Jan. 2015, a 3-year trial was initiated on a 14-year-old grove of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange on Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliate) rootstock that was symptomatic of HLB and produced less than 180 lb of fruit per tree. The four pruning treatments were as follows: 1) 0% pruning (no canopy removal), 2) 25% pruning (canopy removed), 3) 50% pruning (canopy removed), and 4) 80% pruning (canopy removed). In a split-plot design, two sources of fertilizer were evaluated in combination with the pruning: 1) conventional fertilizer [CNV (dry granular)] applied at 200 lb/acre nitrogen (N) in five split applications per year, and 2) controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) applied at 150 lb/acre N, split in three applications per year. Within each pruning treatment, half of the trees received CNV and the other half received CRF. The fertilizer treatments were applied in each of the 3 years; however, pruning was performed only once in the beginning of the experiment. The trees that were pruned produced new vegetative growth that looked healthy with no visual HLB symptoms (initially); however, the trees remained positive for CLas throughout the study as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 80% pruned trees grew vigorously over the course of 3 years but remained significantly smaller in canopy than control trees (0% pruning) for both CRF and CNV treatments. The 25% and 50% pruned tree canopies grew back and were similar in canopy size as 0% pruning (control) treatment by the end of year 2. At the end of the study, the use of CRF on 25% pruned trees resulted in a significantly higher leaf area index as compared with trees receiving CNV. A significant positive linear correlation was observed between canopy volume and root density; the root density decreased with intensive pruning. A significant positive correlation was also observed between canopy volume and yield, and a negative correlation between canopy volume and fruit drop. There were no significant increases in yield resulting from any pruning or fertilization treatments compared with controls (0% pruning). However, with the use of CRF, the amount of N and frequency of application were reduced. Overall, our results indicate that pruning did not improve the productivity of HLB-affected trees over the course of 3 years. Therefore, severe pruning is not a viable option to rejuvenate the HLB-affected trees.
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12

Mataga, Nobuko, Yoko Mizuguchi, and Takao K. Hensch. "Experience-Dependent Pruning of Dendritic Spines in Visual Cortex by Tissue Plasminogen Activator." Neuron 44, no. 6 (December 2004): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.028.

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13

Hata, Yoshio, Tadaharu Tsumoto, and Michael P. Stryker. "Selective Pruning of More Active Afferents When Cat Visual Cortex Is Pharmacologically Inhibited." Neuron 22, no. 2 (February 1999): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81097-1.

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14

Low, L. K., X. B. Liu, R. L. Faulkner, J. Coble, and H. J. Cheng. "Plexin signaling selectively regulates the stereotyped pruning of corticospinal axons from visual cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 23 (June 3, 2008): 8136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803849105.

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15

Ren, Jinshuai, Yixiu Yan, Shan Cheng, Jianmei Long, Hanxiong Zhang, Junlu Wang, Yi Shen, Yu-Dong Zhou, and Matthew P. Anderson. "Maternal immune activation alters visual acuity and retinogeniculate axon pruning in offspring mice." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 89 (October 2020): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.017.

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16

Yamane, Taiga, Yusuke Kishita, Yasushi Umeda, Shuya Masuda, and Noritsugu Hamada. "Simplifying and accelerating inference speed of visual inspection AI by filter-level pruning." Proceedings of Manufacturing Systems Division Conference 2021 (2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemsd.2021.607.

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17

Risner, Michael L., Silvia Pasini, Melissa L. Cooper, Wendi S. Lambert, and David J. Calkins. "Axogenic mechanism enhances retinal ganglion cell excitability during early progression in glaucoma." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 10 (February 20, 2018): E2393—E2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714888115.

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Diseases of the brain involve early axon dysfunction that often precedes outright degeneration. Pruning of dendrites and their synapses represents a potential driver of axonopathy by reducing activity. Optic nerve degeneration in glaucoma, the world’s leading cause of irreversible blindness, involves early stress to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons from sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). This sensitivity also influences survival of RGC dendrites and excitatory synapses in the retina. Here we tested in individual RGCs identified by type the relationship between dendritic organization and axon signaling to light following modest, short-term elevations in pressure. We found dendritic pruning occurred early, by 2 wk of elevation, and independent of whether the RGC responded to light onset (ON cells) or offset (OFF cells). Pruning was similarly independent of ON and OFF in the DBA/2J mouse, a chronic glaucoma model. Paradoxically, all RGCs, even those with significant pruning, demonstrated a transient increase in axon firing in response to the preferred light stimulus that occurred on a backdrop of generally enhanced excitability. The increased response was not through conventional presynaptic signaling, but rather depended on voltage-sensitive sodium channels that increased transiently in the axon. Pruning, axon dysfunction, and deficits in visual acuity did not progress between 2 and 4 wk of elevation. These results suggest neurodegeneration in glaucoma involves an early axogenic response that counters IOP-related stress to excitatory dendritic architecture to slow progression and maintain signaling to the brain. Thus, short-term exposure to elevated IOP may precondition the neural system to further insult.
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18

Zhang, Shuo, Gengshen Wu, Junhua Gu, and Jungong Han. "Pruning Convolutional Neural Networks with an Attention Mechanism for Remote Sensing Image Classification." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081209.

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Despite the great success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in various visual recognition tasks, the high computational and storage costs of such deep networks impede their deployments in real-time remote sensing tasks. To this end, considerable attention has been given to the filter pruning techniques, which enable slimming deep networks with acceptable performance drops and thus implementing them on the remote sensing devices. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, termed Pruning Filter with Attention Mechanism (PFAM), to compress and accelerate traditional CNNs. In particular, a novel correlation-based filter pruning criterion, which explores the long-range dependencies among filters via an attention module, is employed to select the to-be-pruned filters. Distinct from previous methods, the less correlated filters are first pruned after the pruning stage in the current training epoch, and they are reconstructed and updated during the next training epoch. Doing so allows manipulating input data with the maximum information preserved when executing the original training strategy such that the compressed network model can be obtained without the need for the pretrained model. The proposed method is evaluated on three public remote sensing image datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate its superiority, compared to state-of-the-art baselines. Specifically, PFAM achieves a 0.67% accuracy improvement with a 40% model-size reduction on the Aerial Image Dataset (AID) dataset, which is impressive.
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19

Andelin, Adrian K., Jaime F. Olavarria, Ione Fine, Erin N. Taber, Daniel Schwartz, Christopher D. Kroenke, and Alexander A. Stevens. "The Effect of Onset Age of Visual Deprivation on Visual Cortex Surface Area Across-Species." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 10 (December 18, 2018): 4321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy315.

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Abstract Blindness early in life induces permanent alterations in brain anatomy, including reduced surface area of primary visual cortex (V1). Bilateral enucleation early in development causes greater reductions in primary visual cortex surface area than at later times. However, the time at which cortical surface area expansion is no longer sensitive to enucleation is not clearly established, despite being an important milestone for cortical development. Using histological and MRI techniques, we investigated how reductions in the surface area of V1 depends on the timing of blindness onset in rats, ferrets and humans. To compare data across species, we translated ages of all species to a common neuro-developmental event-time (ET) scale. Consistently, blindness during early cortical expansion induced large (~40%) reductions in V1 surface area, in rats and ferrets, while blindness occurring later had diminishing effects. Longitudinal measurements on ferrets confirmed that early enucleation disrupted cortical expansion, rather than inducing enhanced pruning. We modeled the ET associated with the conclusion of the effect of blindness on surface area at maturity (ETc), relative to the normal conclusion of visual cortex surface area expansion, (ETdev). A final analysis combining our data with extant published data confirmed that ETc occurred well before ETdev.
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20

Wahlers, Richard L., James D. Burton, Eleanor P. Maness, and Walter A. Skroch. "A stem cut and blade delivery method of herbicide application for weed control." Weed Science 45, no. 6 (December 1997): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500089037.

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Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to investigate the responses of container-grown dogfennel, multiflora rose, and purple loosestrife to clopyralid or triclopyr applied to plants from a pruning shear blade. Clopyralid or triclopyr was diluted with water to various concentrations and placed on one side of a pruning shear blade in final volumes of either 1 or 5 μl. The shears were then used to sever and treat stems. Results indicated that 20% triclopyr concentrations in 5-μl total volume (360 μg active) gave ≥ 96% reductions of foliar regrowth in dogfennel, multiflora rose, and purple loosestrife 70, 42, and 56 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. The same delivery rate for clopyralid gave 96% dogfennel control 70 DAT. Subsequent visual ratings with multiflora rose (105 DAT) and purple loosestrife (260 DAT) confirmed that early reductions in biomass were good indicators of long-term control.
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21

Wang, Liang, Fuqing Duan, and Ke Lv. "Fisheye-Lens-Based Visual Sun Compass for Perception of Spatial Orientation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/460430.

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In complex aeronautical and space engineering systems, conventional sensors used for environment perception fail to determine the orientation because of the influences of the special environments, wherein geomagnetic fields are exceptional and the Global Positioning System is unavailable. This paper presents a fisheye-lens-based visual sun compass that is efficient in determining orientation in such applications. The mathematical model is described, and the absolute orientation is identified by image processing techniques. For robust detection of the sun in the image of the visual sun compass, a modified maximally stable extremal region algorithm and a method named constrained least squares with pruning are proposed. In comparison with conventional sensors, the proposed visual sun compass can provide absolute orientation with a tiny size and light weight in especial environments. Experiments are carried out with a prototype validating the efficiency of the proposed visual sun compass.
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22

Poirel, Nicolas, Elise Leroux, Arlette Pineau, Olivier Houdé, and Grégory Simon. "Changes in Cortical Thickness in 6-Year-Old Children Open Their Mind to a Global Vision of the World." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/362349.

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Even if objectively presented with similar visual stimuli, children younger than 6 years of age exhibit a strong attraction to local visual information (e.g., the trees), whereas children older than 6 years of age, similar to adults, exhibit a visual bias toward global information (e.g., the forest). Here, we studied the cortical thickness changes that underlie this bias shift from local to global visual information. Two groups, matched for age, gender, and handedness, were formed from a total of 30 children who were 6 years old, and both groups performed a traditional global/local visual task. The first group presented a local visual bias, and the other group presented a global visual bias. The results indicated that, compared with the local visual bias group, children with a global visual bias exhibited (1) decreased cortical thickness in the bilateral occipital regions and (2) increased cortical thickness in the left frontoparietal regions. These findings constitute the first structural study that supports the view that both synaptic pruning (i.e., decreased cortical thickness) and expansion mechanisms (i.e., increased cortical thickness) cooccur to allow healthy children to develop a global perception of the visual world.
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23

Wample, Robert L., Lynn Mills, and Anna Wichers. "094 CROPLOAD EFFECT ON BUD COLD HARDINESS OF Vitis labruscana L. cv. CONCORD." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 441e—441. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.441e.

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An increase in mechanical pruning of Concord grapevines in Washington has led to a marked increase in yield. In 1993 the average yield for the 20,000 plus acres was slightly greater than 12 ton/acre. As part of a long term study, initiated in 1987, to evaluate the effects of mechanical pruning on Concord yield and fruit quality, we have also followed bud cold hardiness and winter injury over several years. Cold hardiness was monitored using low temperature exotherm analysis of excised buds. Winter injury was evaluated by visual examination of bud and cane tissues collected from vines with different croploads. In 1990 the average yield for mechanically pruned vines was 13T/ac and for balance pruned vines about 8T/ac. Winter injury during December 1990 showed significantly less injury to mechanically pruned vines whether primary, secondary or tertiary buds were examined. During the winter of 1991-92 and 1993-94 bud cold hardiness of individual vines showed no relationship to cropload per vine.
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24

Krahe, Thomas E., Tania A. Seabrook, Ching-Kang J. Chen, Michael A. Fox, and William Guido. "Modulation of CREB in the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Dark-Reared Mice." Neural Plasticity 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/426437.

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The cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) plays an important role in visual cortical plasticity that follows the disruption of sensory activity, as induced by dark rearing (DR). Recent findings indicate that the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of thalamus is also sensitive to altered sensory activity. DR disrupts retinogeniculate synaptic strength and pruning in mice, but only when DR starts one week after eye opening (delayed DR, DDR) and not after chronic DR (CDR) from birth. While DR upregulates CREB in visual cortex, whether it also modulates this pathway in dLGN remains unknown. Here we investigate the role of CREB in the dLGN of mice that were CDR or DDR using western blot and immunofluorescence. Similar to findings in visual cortex, CREB is upregulated in dLGN after CDR and DDR. These findings are consistent with the proposal that DR up-regulates the CREB pathway in response to decreased visual drive.
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25

Lacina, Jan. "Coppice Woods and Pollard Trees in the Visual Arts." Journal of Landscape Ecology 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2016-0010.

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AbstractThe sprouting capacity of some broadleaves has been used for their regeneration since ancient times. Often concurrently with taking advantage of sprouting stools, the trees used to be shaped also by pruning their stems, namely on pasturelands and in grazing forests. The activity of woodcutters and shepherds was obviously rather common in warmer climates with broadleaved stands because coppice and pollard trees appear relatively often in the visual arts from ancient works through the period if the Italian and German Renaissance up to the romantic and realistic landscape painting of the 19thcentury overlapping into the 20thcentury. For centuries, most frequently illustrated in European and Czech paintings have been pollard willows (Salix spp.). Other coppice and pollard tree species identified in paintings are oaks (Quercus spp.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), European chestnut (Castanea sativa), and rarely other species, too. Artists apparently often used bizarrely shaped woods to increase the dramatic atmosphere of their landscape sceneries as well as figural compositions, and the coppice and pollard trees had certainly also a symbolic meaning in some of their works.
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26

Graziani, Mara, Thomas Lompech, Henning Müller, Adrien Depeursinge, and Vincent Andrearczyk. "On the Scale Invariance in State of the Art CNNs Trained on ImageNet." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 3, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 374–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make3020019.

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The diffused practice of pre-training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on large natural image datasets such as ImageNet causes the automatic learning of invariance to object scale variations. This, however, can be detrimental in medical imaging, where pixel spacing has a known physical correspondence and size is crucial to the diagnosis, for example, the size of lesions, tumors or cell nuclei. In this paper, we use deep learning interpretability to identify at what intermediate layers such invariance is learned. We train and evaluate different regression models on the PASCAL-VOC (Pattern Analysis, Statistical modeling and ComputAtional Learning-Visual Object Classes) annotated data to (i) separate the effects of the closely related yet different notions of image size and object scale, (ii) quantify the presence of scale information in the CNN in terms of the layer-wise correlation between input scale and feature maps in InceptionV3 and ResNet50, and (iii) develop a pruning strategy that reduces the invariance to object scale of the learned features. Results indicate that scale information peaks at central CNN layers and drops close to the softmax, where the invariance is reached. Our pruning strategy uses this to obtain features that preserve scale information. We show that the pruning significantly improves the performance on medical tasks where scale is a relevant factor, for example for the regression of breast histology image magnification. These results show that the presence of scale information at intermediate layers legitimates transfer learning in applications that require scale covariance rather than invariance and that the performance on these tasks can be improved by pruning off the layers where the invariance is learned. All experiments are performed on publicly available data and the code is available on GitHub.
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27

Allen, Donald M., and Ted E. Hallows. "Solar pruning of retinal rods in albino rainbow trout." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 3 (May 1997): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800012244.

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AbstractMorphology of the central retina and scotopic visual sensitivity were compared in juvenile albino and normally pigmented rainbow trout living under natural and reduced daylight. Outdoor albinos avoided exposing their eyes to direct sunlight, whereas normals were indifferent to it. After 4 months outdoors (Σ10,000 lux in albinos, Σ100,000 lux in normals), albinos had severely truncated or missing rod outer segments (ROS) and some missing rod ellipsoids, but normal numbers of photoreceptor nuclei and fully intact cones. Albino estimated ROS volume was only 7.1% of normal in July, but increased to 20% by the following February, mainly via an increase in numbers of ROS. However, in albinos moved indoors October 7 and exposed to 10–30 lux ambient daylight, both the number and length of ROS increased significantly, with estimated ROS volume reaching 95% of normal by 34 days. Albinos generally had more phagosomes (Σ3 X normal) and more macrophages (Σ2 X normal) in their outer retina. An optomotor reflex was used to define the effect of ROS volume on the ability to respond visually during dark adaptation. In July, albinos and normals from outdoor raceways (3 months) or indoor raceways (35 days) showed equal sensitivity after first being placed in darkness, but after 1 h in darkness, outdoor albinos with 6% of normal ROS volume were 2.0 log units less sensitive than indoor or outdoor normals, whereas indoor albinos with 53% of normal ROS volume were only 0.7 log units less sensitive. This verifies that most rod cell bodies of albino trout can persist without functional ROS in indirect sunlight, and can regrow functional outer segments in dim daylight. This finding is distinct from the extensive retinal light damage observed in albino rats exposed to more moderate cyclic light, in which entire rod cells degenerate early on.
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Kawakura, Shinji, and Ryosuke Shibasaki. "Optical Flow–Based Study Related to Outdoor Tree Pruning Using OpenCV Utilities and Captured Visual Data." Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies 6, no. 1 (2019): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joaat.6.1.78-82.

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29

Ge, Guang Zu, Bo Tang, Jian Xiong Zhu, Yin Huang, and Zi Hang Qu. "Development of Decision Support System for Protecting Distance between Power Lines and Trees." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3425.

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Resolving the contradiction between trees and power transmission lines in time is an important work to ensure the safety of transmission line operation. While it is difficult to decide the trees trimmed time during the transmission line operation and maintenance, the development of the management information system for protecting distance between transmission lines and trees, which is used to auxiliary predict the date of pruning, is a way to solve the problem. Collected attribute data of transmission lines and trees, the corresponding database is established. Therefore, Visual Basic 6.0 is adopted to develop the software system. Based on the spatial coordinates of line towers, conductors, and tree crown, the three-dimensional mathematical model is established to calculate the spatial distance between the conductor and tree crown. According to the mathematical model, the trees growth rate of year, month and day, respectively, and the protecting distance standard between conductor and tree crown, the system could calculate the actual spatial distance between conductor and tree crown, and auxiliary predict the pruning date.
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30

Okamoto, Tsuguhisa, Tomofumi Oga, Guy N. Elston, and Ichiro Fujita. "Spinogenesis and pruning of layer III pyramidal cells in the ventral visual pathway of the macaque monkey." Neuroscience Research 65 (January 2009): S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.481.

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31

McJannet, Linda. "Purchas His Pruning: Refashioning the Ottomans in Seventeenth-Century Travel Narratives." Huntington Library Quarterly 74, no. 2 (June 2011): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hlq.2011.74.2.219.

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Han, Song, Xiaoping Liu, Xing Han, Gang Wang, and Shaobo Wu. "Visual Sorting of Express Parcels Based on Multi-Task Deep Learning." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 6785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236785.

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Visual sorting of express parcels in complex scenes has always been a key issue in intelligent logistics sorting systems. With existing methods, it is still difficult to achieve fast and accurate sorting of disorderly stacked parcels. In order to achieve accurate detection and efficient sorting of disorderly stacked express parcels, we propose a robot sorting method based on multi-task deep learning. Firstly, a lightweight object detection network model is proposed to improve the real-time performance of the system. A scale variable and the joint weights of the network are used to sparsify the model and automatically identify unimportant channels. Pruning strategies are used to reduce the model size and increase the speed of detection without losing accuracy. Then, an optimal sorting position and pose estimation network model based on multi-task deep learning is proposed. Using an end-to-end network structure, the optimal sorting positions and poses of express parcels are estimated in real time by combining pose and position information for joint training. It is proved that this model can further improve the sorting accuracy. Finally, the accuracy and real-time performance of this method are verified by robotic sorting experiments.
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Dunn, Scott W., and James E. Klett. "Growth After Mechanical Root Pruning of Herbaceous Perennials under Increasing Levels of Water Stress." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 546D—546. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.546d.

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Perennials grown in 5.7-cm containers received two root treatments (mechanical root-pruned and non-pruned) prior to field planting. During the 1996 season, the two root treatments and five irrigation treatments, (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) ET0 (reference crop evapotranspiration), were tested on Delosperma cooperii, Delosperma nubigenum, Polygonum affine, and Veronica liwanensis and evaluated on the basis of plant growth and visual ratings. No significant change in height occurred in any species for both root or irrigation treatments. No significant change in width or density occurred in D. cooperii, from root treatment; however irrigation treatments below 50% resulted in a significant decrease in width. Significant deceases in width also occurred in all species from irrigation treatments. Mechanically root-pruned plants resulted in a significant decrease in density of D. nubigenum, P. affine, and V. liwanensis and a decrease in width in P. affine.
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Cribbin, Timothy. "Visualising the Structure of Document Search Results: A Comparison of Graph Theoretic Approaches." Information Visualization 9, no. 2 (April 9, 2009): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ivs.2009.3.

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Previous work has shown that distance-similarity visualisation or ‘spatialisation’ can provide a potentially useful context in which to browse the results of a query search, enabling the user to adopt a simple local foraging or ‘cluster growing’ strategy to navigate through the retrieved document set. However, faithfully mapping feature-space models to visual space can be problematic owing to their inherent high dimensionality and non-linearity. Conventional linear approaches to dimension reduction tend to fail at this kind of task, sacrificing local structural in order to preserve a globally optimal mapping. In this paper the clustering performance of a recently proposed algorithm called isometric feature mapping (Isomap), which deals with non-linearity by transforming dissimilarities into geodesic distances, is compared to that of non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). Various graph pruning methods, for geodesic distance estimation, are also compared. Results show that Isomap is significantly better at preserving local structural detail than MDS, suggesting it is better suited to cluster growing and other semantic navigation tasks. Moreover, it is shown that applying a minimum-cost graph pruning criterion can provide a parameter-free alternative to the traditional K-neighbour method, resulting in spatial clustering that is equivalent to or better than that achieved using an optimal- K criterion.
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Fidgen, Jeffrey G., Mark C. Whitmore, and Jean J. Turgeon. "Ball sampling, a novel method to detect Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in hemlock (Pinaceae)." Canadian Entomologist 148, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.29.

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AbstractDetection of the exotic hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the crown of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière (Pinaceae), relies mainly on two techniques: (1) sampling of branches from the lower half of the crown using pole pruners; and, (2) visual examinations of accessible foliage from the ground. As a result, infestations starting elsewhere than the lower crown may be missed because the upper crown is out of reach for both techniques. We developed a novel technique called ball sampling, and evaluated its sensitivity at detecting a range of A. tsugae ovisac densities as estimated by pole pruning branch tips of T. canadensis. We launched racquet balls covered with VELCRO® patches of hooks through branches and examined them for the presence of wool produced by A. tsugae. Ball sampling was as effective as pole pruning at detecting infestations in individual trees. If A. tsugae abundance on branches was ⩾0.1 per 10 cm of twig length, as estimated by branch-tip sampling, ball sampling always detected wool in 10 or fewer samples. This technique has the potential to improve detectability of A. tsugae infestations because it can effectively access foliage that is typically inaccessible to other ground-based detection tools.
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Gomez, Jesse, Michael A. Barnett, Vaidehi Natu, Aviv Mezer, Nicola Palomero-Gallagher, Kevin S. Weiner, Katrin Amunts, Karl Zilles, and Kalanit Grill-Spector. "Microstructural proliferation in human cortex is coupled with the development of face processing." Science 355, no. 6320 (January 5, 2017): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0311.

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How does cortical tissue change as brain function and behavior improve from childhood to adulthood? By combining quantitative and functional magnetic resonance imaging in children and adults, we find differential development of high-level visual areas that are involved in face and place recognition. Development of face-selective regions, but not place-selective regions, is dominated by microstructural proliferation. This tissue development is correlated with specific increases in functional selectivity to faces, as well as improvements in face recognition, and ultimately leads to differentiated tissue properties between face- and place-selective regions in adulthood, which we validate with postmortem cytoarchitectonic measurements. These data suggest a new model by which emergent brain function and behavior result from cortical tissue proliferation rather than from pruning exclusively.
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Kaplan, Didi, and Mario Gutman. "EFFECT OF THINNING AND GRAZING ON TREE DEVELOPMENT AND THE VISUAL ASPECT OF AN OAK FOREST ON THE GOLAN HEIGHTS." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 44, no. 4 (April 12, 1996): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1996.10676659.

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An attempt to create an open woodland was made in Israel by opening large tracks of maquis thickets by hand, cutting out lower shrubs, and thinning, coppicing, and pruning desirable trees. Three treatments were compared: moderate, heavy, and control with no thinning. The effects of the treatments on the visual transparency of the forest were measured by a transparency index defined as the maximum distance from which a vertical post 1.8 meters high could be fully observed. In general, thinning caused a 38.0% increase in the diameter of all the trunks over a seven-year period for heavy thinning, compared with 26.4% and 12.8% in the moderate and control treatments, respectively. The difference between heavy and moderate thinning was not always significant. A combination of thinning and grazing successfully created an open woodland, without additional input of resources. The “transparency index” used in this study can be used as a quantitative measurement index for accessibility and aesthetics.
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Elston, G. N., T. Oga, T. Okamoto, and I. Fujita. "Spinogenesis and Pruning from Early Visual Onset to Adulthood: An Intracellular Injection Study of Layer III Pyramidal Cells in the Ventral Visual Cortical Pathway of the Macaque Monkey." Cerebral Cortex 20, no. 6 (October 21, 2009): 1398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp203.

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PARK, DONG-JOO, and DONG-HO LEE. "SPY-TEC+ : AN INTEGRATED INDEX STRUCTURE FOR k-NEAREST NEIGHBOR QUERIES WITH SEMANTIC PREDICATES IN MULTIMEDIA DATABASE." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 21, no. 07 (November 2011): 989–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194011005529.

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Recently, advanced multimedia applications, such as geographic information system, and content-based multimedia retrieval system, require the efficient processing of k-nearest neighbor queries over large collection of multimedia objects. These queries usually include the semantic information that is represented by text, as well as the visual information that is represented by a high-dimensional feature vector. Among the available techniques for processing such queries, the incremental nearest neighbor algorithm proposed by Hjaltason and Samet is known as the best choice. However, the R-tree used in their algorithm has no facility capable of partially pruning the candidate tuples that will turn out not to satisfy the semantic predicate. Also, the R-tree does not perform sufficiently well on high-dimensional data even though it provides good results on low or middle-dimensional data. These drawbacks may lead to a poor performance when processing the query. In this paper, we propose an integrated index structure, so-called SPY-TEC+, that provides an efficient method for indexing the visual and semantic feature at the same time using the SPY-TEC that was proposed for indexing high-dimensional data, and the signature file. We also propose an efficient incremental nearest neighbor algorithm for processing k-nearest neighbor queries with visual and semantic predicates on the SPY-TEC+. Finally, we show that the SPY-TEC+ enhances the performance of the SPY-TEC for processing k-nearest neighbor queries with visual and semantic predicates through various experiments.
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40

Davis, Jeanine M. "Luffa Sponge Gourd Production Practices for Temperate Climates." HortScience 29, no. 4 (April 1994): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.263.

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The objective of 2 years of field studies was to begin development of a luffa sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.) production system for a cool, temperate climate by studying the effects of planting date, planting method, in-row spacing (30.5, 61, and 91 cm), and pruning techniques on yield and quality of luffa sponge gourds. High yields of mature gourds were obtained when transplants were field-set as soon as the danger of frost had past. Highest marketable yields were obtained when plants were spaced 30.5 cm apart in the row and the first four lateral shoots were removed. Plants spaced 91 cm apart produced gourds with the largest diameter, whereas plants with 30.5-cm in-row spacing produced the highest yields of gourds with bath sponge diameters (5.1-7.6 cm). Plants spaced 91 cm apart and topped at node six obtained high fiber density, strong fibers, and excellent visual appeal, but low yields. Yields were competitive with yields obtained in warmer climates.
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Рунова, Е., E. Runova, Людмила Аношкина, and Lyudmila Anoshkina. "Instrumental Assessment of Urban Plantings of Balsam Poplar." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c22400ae6f23.26328219.

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Trees and shrubs grown in ordinary plantings along city streets play a role of barrier between residential developments and highway, protecting residential area from adverse impact of motor vehicles. Different varieties of poplar have received large spread in the greening of cities. This unpretentious, resistant to dust and gases, fast growing species is able to successfully protect living space from harmful emissions. In Bratsk, with harsh, sharply continental climate and adverse environmental conditions, balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) is dominant variety of species. The age of trees currently close to critical one (40-50 years), therefore there is a need of gradual replacement of plantations of Populus balsamifera L. in urban plantings. In one of the residential areas of the city a study on plantations of poplars was conducted. Samples of 653 tree were studied in a visual way: damage of different nature are fixed: thinning of branches, thinning of crown, frost cracks, side-dry tree, mechanical damage, curvature of trunk, presence of rot, hollows, exfoliation, contaminants. We compared the trees subjected to pruning of the crown and trees without pruning. It was discovered that beheading trees are damaged more. 102 trees were examined using Resistograph 4450 device. This method, which is less traumatic for the tree, allows to accurately determine the presence of rot in the trunk. Central rot was detected in different degrees of spread in all trees. There are trees, which state is normal in visual inspection, but the results of instrumental evaluation show internal damage to the trunk by more than 80 %. The greatest danger is the trees with inclination of the trunk, asymmetry of crown. In the presence of the central rot, such trees are considered hazardous ones. 17 of 102 trees were considered hazardous and they are recommended for cutting. A significant part of plantations are planted with violation of the rules: distance from the edge of the roadway to the axis of tree does not comply with the regulatory, which affects traffic safety and condition of plantations. On the basis of conducted research, conclusions are formulated and recommendations on the improvement of urban spaces are proposed, restoration of their environmental and aesthetic functions: to gradually replace old plantings of poplars to other dust - and gas resistant species, expanding the range of vegetation; to comply with the rules in cutting of poplars; to carry out agricultural activities, to remove damaged trees on time.
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Orliac, François, Grégoire Borst, Grégory Simon, Katell Mevel, Julie Vidal, Sonia Dollfus, Olivier Houdé, Carole Peyrin, and Nicolas Poirel. "Cortical Thickness and Natural Scene Recognition in the Child’s Brain." Brain Sciences 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060329.

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Visual scenes are processed in terms of spatial frequencies. Low spatial frequencies (LSF) carry coarse information, whereas high spatial frequencies (HSF) subsequently carry information about fine details. The present magnetic resonance imaging study investigated how cortical thickness covaried with LSF/HSF processing abilities in ten-year-old children and adults. Participants indicated whether natural scenes that were filtered in either LSF or HSF represented outdoor or indoor scenes, while reaction times (RTs) and accuracy measures were recorded. In adults, faster RTs for LSF and HSF images were consistently associated with a thicker cortex (parahippocampal cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and precentral and insula regions for LSF; parahippocampal cortex and fronto-marginal and supramarginal gyri for HSF). On the other hand, in children, faster RTs for HSF were associated with a thicker cortex (posterior cingulate, supramarginal and calcarine cortical regions), whereas faster RTs for LSF were associated with a thinner cortex (subcallosal and insula regions). Increased cortical thickness in adults and children could correspond to an expansion mechanism linked to visual scene processing efficiency. In contrast, lower cortical thickness associated with LSF efficiency in children could correspond to a pruning mechanism reflecting an ongoing maturational process, in agreement with the view that LSF efficiency continues to be refined during childhood. This differing pattern between children and adults appeared to be particularly significant in anterior regions of the brain, in line with the proposed existence of a postero-anterior gradient of brain development. Taken together, our results highlight the dynamic brain processes that allow children and adults to perceive a visual natural scene in a coherent way.
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Wang, Shuai, Zhong Pan Qiu, and Zhi Jun Song. "Curve-Skeleton Extraction Using Appropriate Threshold Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1911.

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The curve-skeleton of an object is an important abstract geometrical and topological representation of its shape, which is extremely useful for pattern recognition and computer vision applications involving in shape analysis. In this paper, we propose an effective algorithm for extracting curve skeleton based on the definition and properties of curve skeleton from pixel cloud, which integrates the advantages of the visual main parts reliability for object recognition and the skeletons reduced-dimension for object representation. This algorithm can detect each pixel of the image, and find the salience value of each pixel; the salience value is the possibility of the pixel being a skeleton point. Then an appropriate threshold is selected to pruning the skeleton and to get the curve skeleton. In this way, the algorithm can be effective in reducing the number of non-skeleton pixels, and reduce the overall time of extracting skeleton. The experiments show that the skeleton keeps the topology of the target. And the corners of the skeleton are smoother and more natural. In additionally, it can effectively reduce redundant branches of skeleton.
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Hayashi, Isao, Masanori Fujii, Toshiyuki Maeda, Jasmin Leveille, and Tokio Tasaka. "Extraction of Knowledge from the Topographic Attentive Mapping Network and its Application in Skill Analysis of Table Tennis." Journal of Human Kinetics 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0005.

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AbstractThe Topographic Attentive Mapping (TAM) network is a biologically-inspired classifier that bears similarities to the human visual system. In case of wrong classification during training, an attentional top-down signal modulates synaptic weights in intermediate layers to reduce the difference between the desired output and the classifier’s output. When used in a TAM network, the proposed pruning algorithm improves classification accuracy and allows extracting knowledge as represented by the network structure. In this paper, sport technique evaluation of motion analysis modelled by the TAM network was discussed. The trajectory pattern of forehand strokes of table tennis players was analyzed with nine sensor markers attached to the right upper arm of players. With the TAM network, input attributes and technique rules were extracted in order to classify the skill level of players of table tennis from the sensor data. In addition, differences between the elite player, middle level player and beginner were clarified; furthermore, we discussed how to improve skills specific to table tennis from the view of data analysis.
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Dutta, Sandip, and Martha Wilson. "Spatial Mapping of Distributed Sensors Biomimicking the Human Vision System." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121443.

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Machine vision has been thoroughly studied in the past, but research thus far has lacked an engineering perspective on human vision. This paper addresses the observed and hypothetical neural behavior of the brain in relation to the visual system. In a human vision system, visual data are collected by photoreceptors in the eye, and these data are then transmitted to the rear of the brain for processing. There are millions of retinal photoreceptors of various types, and their signals must be unscrambled by the brain after they are carried through the optic nerves. This work is a forward step toward explaining how the photoreceptor locations and proximities are resolved by the brain. It is illustrated here that unlike in digital image sensors, there is no one-to-one sensor-to-processor identifier in the human vision system. Instead, the brain must go through an iterative learning process to identify the spatial locations of the photosensors in the retina. This involves a process called synaptic pruning, which can be simulated by a memristor-like component in a learning circuit model. The simulations and proposed mathematical models in this study provide a technique that can be extrapolated to create spatial distributions of networked sensors without a central observer or location knowledge base. Through the mapping technique, the retinal space with known configuration generates signals as scrambled data-feed to the logical space in the brain. This scrambled response is then reverse-engineered to map the logical space’s connectivity with the retinal space locations.
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Sun, Wang, Ding, Lu, and Sun. "Remote Measurement of Apple Orchard Canopy Information Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110774.

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Information on fruit tree canopies is important for decision making in orchard management, including irrigation, fertilization, spraying, and pruning. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging system was used to establish an orchard three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud model. A row-column detection method was developed based on the probability density estimation and rapid segmentation of the point-cloud data for each apple tree, through which the tree canopy height, H, width, W, and volume, V, were determined for remote orchard canopy evaluation. When the ground sampling distance (GSD) was in the range of 2.13 to 6.69 cm/px, the orchard point-cloud model had a measurement accuracy of 100.00% for the rows and 90.86% to 98.20% for the columns. The coefficient of determination, R2, was in the range of 0.8497 to 0.9376, 0.8103 to 0.9492, and 0.8032 to 0.9148, respectively, and the average relative error was in the range of 1.72% to 3.42%, 2.18% to 4.92%, and 7.90% to 13.69%, respectively, among the H, W, and V values measured manually and by UAV photogrammetry. The results showed that UAV visual imaging is suitable for 3D morphological remote canopy evaluations, facilitates orchard canopy informatization, and contributes substantially to efficient management and control of modern standard orchards.
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Crispim, Diêgo Lima, José Alison Dias de Meneses, Artur Sales de Abreu Vieira, Lucas Martins de Araújo, Josias da Silva Cruz, and José Israel Sousa Silva. "Levantamento quali-quantitativo da arborização urbana da cidade de Baixio – CE." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 36 (September 28, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n36p99-106.

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<p>Urban forestry is a vital element in improving the quality of life of the population living in the urban environment. However, in several Brazilian cities notes to failure to address the issue of urban trees and their problems. The objective of this research was to conduct a quantitative and qualitative survey of tree species for some public roads in the city of Baixio-CE, as well as identify the species surveyed and analyzing their phytosanitary conditions. The method used for the quantitative research was the total inventory of tree species that are on the streets and sidewalks. In which, we sampled 240 individuals. The results showed that the most abundant species was Azadirachta indica (Neem Indian) with 68% Ficus benjamina L. and (Ficus), 19% of screened individuals. The qualitative method consists in visual assessment and photographic records on the parameters of plant health, quality pruning, interference in the power grid and sidewalk. Of the 240 trees sampled, 223 have good plant health, while 16 are in regular conditions, and only 7, with any occurrence of pests or mechanical damage. There is a homogeneity of the individuals surveyed, indicating a low diversity of the tree species in the public roads. </p>
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48

Tamaela, Jemaictry, Eko Sediyono, and Adi Setiawan. "Implementasi Metode Association Rule untuk Menganalisis Data Twitter tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial dengan Algoritma Frequent Pattern-Growth." JURNAL SISTEM INFORMASI BISNIS 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21456/vol8iss1pp25-33.

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BPJS services cannot be separated from criticism and complaints of the people in Indonesia. Twitter is one of the social media choose to share experiences related to things about BPJS. The information that is shared can be processed to gain new knowledge (knowledge discovery), which is related to public opinion about BPJS. Tweets collected from the national BJPS twitter are divided into words, then, specified words can be used as items to form the itemset. The association rule technique with the FP-Growth algorithm that is implemented in the application can process text data from Twitter to form the item set. Each item set contains a collection of tweets that are responses and the opinion of the community about an event or phenomenon related to BPJS services. The tree structure of FP-Growth simplifies the process of the validation because it can track and display the frequency of occurrence of each word and itemset, before and after branch pruning which is not included in the support value. The OSM API integration with the application in this study provides visual information about where the tweet comes from, so it can be used to generate itemset from a collection of tweets from a particular region.
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49

Schager, Ben, and Craig E. Brown. "Susceptibility to capillary plugging can predict brain region specific vessel loss with aging." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, no. 12 (January 5, 2020): 2475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19895245.

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Vessel loss in the aging brain is commonly reported, yet important questions remain concerning whether there are regional vulnerabilities and what mechanisms could account for these regional differences, if they exist. Here we imaged and quantified vessel length, tortuosity and width in 15 brain regions in young adult and aged mice. Our data indicate that vessel loss was most pronounced in white matter followed by cortical, then subcortical grey matter regions, while some regions (visual cortex, amygdala, thalamus) showed no decline with aging. Regions supplied by the anterior cerebral artery were more vulnerable to loss than those supplied by middle or posterior cerebral arteries. Vessel width and tortuosity generally increased with age but neither reliably predicted regional vessel loss. Since capillaries are naturally prone to plugging and prolonged obstructions often lead to vessel pruning, we hypothesized that regional susceptibilities to plugging could help predict vessel loss. By mapping the distribution of microsphere-induced capillary obstructions, we discovered that regions with a higher density of persistent obstructions were more likely to show vessel loss with aging and vice versa. These findings indicate that age-related vessel loss is region specific and can be explained, at least partially, by regional susceptibilities to capillary plugging.
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50

Nhu, Viet-Ha, Himan Shahabi, Ebrahim Nohani, Ataollah Shirzadi, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Sepideh Bahrami, Shaghayegh Miraki, Marten Geertsema, and Hoang Nguyen. "Daily Water Level Prediction of Zrebar Lake (Iran): A Comparison between M5P, Random Forest, Random Tree and Reduced Error Pruning Trees Algorithms." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9080479.

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Zrebar Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Iran and it plays an important role in the ecosystem of the environment, while its desiccation has a negative impact on the surrounded ecosystem. Despite this, this lake provides an interesting recreation setting in terms of ecotourism. The prediction and forecasting of the water level of the lake through simple but practical methods can provide a reliable tool for future lake water resource management. In the present study, we predict the daily water level of Zrebar Lake in Iran through well-known decision tree-based algorithms, including the M5 pruned (M5P), random forest (RF), random tree (RT) and reduced error pruning tree (REPT). We used five different water input combinations to find the most effective one. For our modeling, we chose 70% of the dataset for training (from 2011 to 2015) and 30% for model evaluation (from 2015 to 2017). We evaluated the models’ performances using different quantitative (root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R2), percent bias (PBIAS) and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR)) and visual frameworks (Taylor diagram and box plot). Our results showed that water level with a one-day lag time had the highest effect on the result and, by increasing the lag time, its effect on the result was decreased. This result indicated that all the developed models had a good prediction capability, but the M5P model outperformed the others, followed by RF and RT equally and then REPT. Our results showed that these algorithms can predict water level accurately only with a one-day lag time in water level as an input and they are cost-effective tools for future predictions.
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