Relevant bibliographies by topics / Visual photoreceptors

Academic literature on the topic 'Visual photoreceptors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Visual photoreceptors"

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CAMERON, DAVID A., and MAUREEN K. POWERS. "Morphology and visual pigment content of photoreceptors from injured goldfish retina." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 4 (July 2000): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800174115.

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Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in the two model systems might also differ. To determine if the phenotypic attributes of photoreceptors, and by extension the recovery of vision, are different between these two model systems, we compared the visual pigment content and morphology of photoreceptors derived from goldfish retinas of both models with control retina. Visual pigments—which consist of a protein moiety (opsin) and a chromophore—were analyzed in single, isolated photoreceptors using microspectrophotometric techniques. We report that visual pigments and photoreceptor morphologies in the surgical model closely matched those of native retina. In contrast, neither photoreceptor morphology nor visual pigment content matched closely in the pharmacological model. The results indicate that phenotypic attributes of photoreceptors can differ significantly between the two model systems of retinal regeneration, but that in both systems, rod- and cone-mediated visual functions can potentially be reestablished.
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Strauss, Olaf. "The Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Visual Function." Physiological Reviews 85, no. 3 (July 2005): 845–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00021.2004.

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Located between vessels of the choriocapillaris and light-sensitive outer segments of the photoreceptors, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) closely interacts with photoreceptors in the maintenance of visual function. Increasing knowledge of the multiple functions performed by the RPE improved the understanding of many diseases leading to blindness. This review summarizes the current knowledge of RPE functions and describes how failure of these functions causes loss of visual function. Mutations in genes that are expressed in the RPE can lead to photoreceptor degeneration. On the other hand, mutations in genes expressed in photoreceptors can lead to degenerations of the RPE. Thus both tissues can be regarded as a functional unit where both interacting partners depend on each other.
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Frolov, Roman, Esa-Ville Immonen, and Matti Weckström. "Visual ecology and potassium conductances of insect photoreceptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 2147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00795.2015.

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Voltage-activated potassium channels (Kv channels) in the microvillar photoreceptors of arthropods are responsible for repolarization and regulation of photoreceptor signaling bandwidth. On the basis of analyzing Kv channels in dipteran flies, it was suggested that diurnal, rapidly flying insects predominantly express sustained K+ conductances, whereas crepuscular and nocturnally active animals exhibit strongly inactivating Kv conductances. The latter was suggested to function for minimizing cellular energy consumption. In this study we further explore the evolutionary adaptations of the photoreceptor channelome to visual ecology and behavior by comparing K+ conductances in 15 phylogenetically diverse insects, using patch-clamp recordings from dissociated ommatidia. We show that rapid diurnal flyers such as the blowfly ( Calliphora vicina) and the honeybee ( Apis mellifera) express relatively large noninactivating Kv conductances, conforming to the earlier hypothesis in Diptera. Nocturnal and/or slow-moving species do not in general exhibit stronger Kv conductance inactivation in the physiological membrane voltage range, but the photoreceptors in species that are known to rely more on vision behaviorally had higher densities of sustained Kv conductances than photoreceptors of less visually guided species. No statistically significant trends related to visual performance could be identified for the rapidly inactivating Kv conductances. Counterintuitively, strong negative correlations were observed between photoreceptor capacitance and specific membrane conductance for both sustained and inactivating fractions of Kv conductance, suggesting insignificant evolutionary pressure to offset negative effects of high capacitance on membrane filtering with increased conductance.
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Peirson, Stuart N., Stephanie Halford, and Russell G. Foster. "The evolution of irradiance detection: melanopsin and the non-visual opsins." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1531 (October 12, 2009): 2849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0050.

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Circadian rhythms are endogenous 24 h cycles that persist in the absence of external time cues. These rhythms provide an internal representation of day length and optimize physiology and behaviour to the varying demands of the solar cycle. These clocks require daily adjustment to local time and the primary time cue (zeitgeber) used by most vertebrates is the daily change in the amount of environmental light (irradiance) at dawn and dusk, a process termed photoentrainment. Attempts to understand the photoreceptor mechanisms mediating non-image-forming responses to light, such as photoentrainment, have resulted in the discovery of a remarkable array of different photoreceptors and photopigment families, all of which appear to use a basic opsin/vitamin A-based photopigment biochemistry. In non-mammalian vertebrates, specialized photoreceptors are located within the pineal complex, deep brain and dermal melanophores. There is also strong evidence in fish and amphibians for the direct photic regulation of circadian clocks in multiple tissues. By contrast, mammals possess only ocular photoreceptors. However, in addition to the image-forming rods and cones of the retina, there exists a third photoreceptor system based on a subset of melanopsin-expressing photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs). In this review, we discuss the range of vertebrate photoreceptors and their opsin photopigments, describe the melanopsin/pRGC system in some detail and then finally consider the molecular evolution and sensory ecology of these non-image-forming photoreceptor systems.
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Immonen, Esa-Ville, Irina Ignatova, Anna Gislen, Eric Warrant, Mikko Vähäsöyrinki, Matti Weckström, and Roman Frolov. "Large variation among photoreceptors as the basis of visual flexibility in the common backswimmer." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1795 (November 22, 2014): 20141177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1177.

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The common backswimmer, Notonecta glauca , uses vision by day and night for functions such as underwater prey animal capture and flight in search of new habitats. Although previous studies have identified some of the physiological mechanisms facilitating such flexibility in the animal's vision, neither the biophysics of Notonecta photoreceptors nor possible cellular adaptations are known. Here, we studied Notonecta photoreceptors using patch-clamp and intracellular recording methods. Photoreceptor size (approximated by capacitance) was positively correlated with absolute sensitivity and acceptance angles. Information rate measurements indicated that large and more sensitive photoreceptors performed better than small ones. Our results suggest that backswimmers are adapted for vision in both dim and well-illuminated environments by having open-rhabdom eyes with large intrinsic variation in absolute sensitivity among photoreceptors, exceeding those found in purely diurnal or nocturnal species. Both electrophysiology and microscopic analysis of retinal structure suggest two retinal subsystems: the largest peripheral photoreceptors provide vision in dim light and the smaller peripheral and central photoreceptors function primarily in sunlight, with light-dependent pigment screening further contributing to adaptation in this system by dynamically recruiting photoreceptors with varying sensitivity into the operational pool.
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Chen, Pei-Ju, Gregor Belušič, and Kentaro Arikawa. "Chromatic information processing in the first optic ganglion of the butterfly Papilio xuthus." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 206, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-019-01390-w.

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AbstractThe butterfly Papilio xuthus has acute tetrachromatic color vision. Its eyes are furnished with eight spectral classes of photoreceptors, situated in three types of ommatidia, randomly distributed in the retinal mosaic. Here, we investigated early chromatic information processing by recording spectral, angular, and polarization sensitivities of photoreceptors and lamina monopolar cells (LMCs). We identified three spectral classes of LMCs whose spectral sensitivities corresponded to weighted linear sums of the spectral sensitivities of the photoreceptors present in the three ommatidial types. In ~ 25% of the photoreceptor axons, the spectral sensitivities differed from those recorded at the photoreceptor cell bodies. These axons showed spectral opponency, most likely mediated by chloride ion currents through histaminergic interphotoreceptor synapses. The opponency was most prominent in the processes of the long visual fibers in the medulla. We recalculated the wavelength discrimination function using the noise-limited opponency model to reflect the new spectral sensitivity data and found that it matched well with the behaviorally determined function. Our results reveal opponency at the first stage of Papilio’s visual system, indicating that spectral information is preprocessed with signals from photoreceptors within each ommatidium in the lamina, before being conveyed downstream by the long visual fibers and the LMCs.
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van der Kooi, Casper J., Doekele G. Stavenga, Kentaro Arikawa, Gregor Belušič, and Almut Kelber. "Evolution of Insect Color Vision: From Spectral Sensitivity to Visual Ecology." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 435–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-061720-071644.

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Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is principally determined by the absorption spectrum of the expressed visual pigment, but it can be modified by various optical and electrophysiological factors. For example, screening and filtering pigments, rhabdom waveguide properties, retinal structure, and neural processing all influence the perceived color signal. We review the diversity in compound eye structure, visual pigments, photoreceptor physiology, and visual ecology of insects. Based on an overview of the current information about the spectral sensitivities of insect photoreceptors, covering 221 species in 13 insect orders, we discuss the evolution of color vision and highlight present knowledge gaps and promising future research directions in the field.
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Dalton, Brian E., Ellis R. Loew, Thomas W. Cronin, and Karen L. Carleton. "Spectral tuning by opsin coexpression in retinal regions that view different parts of the visual field." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1797 (December 22, 2014): 20141980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1980.

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Vision frequently mediates critical behaviours, and photoreceptors must respond to the light available to accomplish these tasks. Most photoreceptors are thought to contain a single visual pigment, an opsin protein bound to a chromophore, which together determine spectral sensitivity. Mechanisms of spectral tuning include altering the opsin, changing the chromophore and incorporating pre-receptor filtering. A few exceptions to the use of a single visual pigment have been documented in which a single mature photoreceptor coexpresses opsins that form spectrally distinct visual pigments, and in these exceptions the functional significance of coexpression is unclear. Here we document for the first time photoreceptors coexpressing spectrally distinct opsin genes in a manner that tunes sensitivity to the light environment. Photoreceptors of the cichlid fish, Metriaclima zebra , mix different pairs of opsins in retinal regions that view distinct backgrounds. The mixing of visual pigments increases absorbance of the corresponding background, potentially aiding the detection of dark objects. Thus, opsin coexpression may be a novel mechanism of spectral tuning that could be useful for detecting prey, predators and mates. However, our calculations show that coexpression of some opsins can hinder colour discrimination, creating a trade-off between visual functions.
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Zheng, Lei, Gonzalo G. de Polavieja, Verena Wolfram, Musa H. Asyali, Roger C. Hardie, and Mikko Juusola. "Feedback Network Controls Photoreceptor Output at the Layer of First Visual Synapses in Drosophila." Journal of General Physiology 127, no. 5 (April 24, 2006): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200509470.

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At the layer of first visual synapses, information from photoreceptors is processed and transmitted towards the brain. In fly compound eye, output from photoreceptors (R1–R6) that share the same visual field is pooled and transmitted via histaminergic synapses to two classes of interneuron, large monopolar cells (LMCs) and amacrine cells (ACs). The interneurons also feed back to photoreceptor terminals via numerous ligand-gated synapses, yet the significance of these connections has remained a mystery. We investigated the role of feedback synapses by comparing intracellular responses of photoreceptors and LMCs in wild-type Drosophila and in synaptic mutants, to light and current pulses and to naturalistic light stimuli. The recordings were further subjected to rigorous statistical and information-theoretical analysis. We show that the feedback synapses form a negative feedback loop that controls the speed and amplitude of photoreceptor responses and hence the quality of the transmitted signals. These results highlight the benefits of feedback synapses for neural information processing, and suggest that similar coding strategies could be used in other nervous systems.
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Ozaki, Ema, Luke Gibbons, Nuno GB Neto, Paul Kenna, Michael Carty, Marian Humphries, Pete Humphries, et al. "SARM1 deficiency promotes rod and cone photoreceptor cell survival in a model of retinal degeneration." Life Science Alliance 3, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): e201900618. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900618.

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Retinal degeneration is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide and is characterised by progressive loss of light-sensing photoreceptors in the neural retina. SARM1 is known for its role in axonal degeneration, but a role for SARM1 in photoreceptor cell degeneration has not been reported. SARM1 is known to mediate neuronal cell degeneration through depletion of essential metabolite NAD and induction of energy crisis. Here, we demonstrate that SARM1 is expressed in photoreceptors, and using retinal tissue explant, we confirm that activation of SARM1 causes destruction of NAD pools in the photoreceptor layer. Through generation of rho−/−sarm1−/− double knockout mice, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of SARM1 promotes both rod and cone photoreceptor cell survival in the rhodopsin knockout (rho−/−) mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. Finally, we demonstrate that SARM1 deficiency preserves cone visual function in the surviving photoreceptors when assayed by electroretinography. Overall, our data indicate that endogenous SARM1 has the capacity to consume NAD in photoreceptor cells and identifies a previously unappreciated role for SARM1-dependent cell death in photoreceptor cell degeneration.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Visual photoreceptors"

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Hart, Nathan Scott. "Avian photoreceptors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f35814d2-b726-4d74-b05d-6fb30c89f894.

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Baverstock, Jenny. "Biochemistry of visual transduction in squid photoreceptors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302983.

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Ignatova, I. (Irina). "Processing of visual information by microvillar photoreceptors." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221526.

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Abstract When one asks about the properties of visual signals stimulating nervous systems, the ultimate interest lies in determining how the signal is encoded and transferred across the receptor barrier, how much and what kind of information is passed further to the higher visual centers and what is lost. The research presented in this dissertation attempts to explore quantitatively some detailed aspects of information processing by microvillar photoreceptors. Until recently, three methods were used to measure or estimate information transfer from the visual scene to the photoreceptor: Shannon’s information capacity, the closely related linear coherence rate and the compression entropy rate. In the first research article of this dissertation, a novel information calculation method based on principal component analysis, the mutual information rate, was developed. In the second publication, the influence of a physiological delay in the photoreceptor response on the information rate estimates by the Shannon method-related coherence rate algorithm was explored and a technique to compensate the associated error was proposed. The third study addresses the question of whether photoreceptors can more efficiently transfer information arriving from natural sources than from common artificial visual stimuli. Natural stimuli have interesting statistical properties in the form of higher order correlations (HOC), arising from the presence of features representing surfaces, textures, and object boundaries. This problem was investigated in the most extensive study to date, using blowfly Calliphora vicina photoreceptors as a model. The individual photoreceptors encode input information by a form of Weber’s law, with the HOC in natural sequences reducing information transfer by decreasing the number of local contrast events that exceed the noise-imposed threshold.
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Burton, B. G. "Visual ecology, biophysics and the adaptability of fly photoreceptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597151.

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I examine whether it is possible for the temporal resolution and reliability of a photoreceptor to vary across the eye. This possibility has not been addressed before in any animal and yet it is important for our understanding of how visual systems may be designed to register patterns of optic flow or to track moving targets. In the male blowfly, Calliphora vicina, I show that both spatial and temporal acuity are higher at the front of the eye and fall off with retinal eccentricity. The particular pattern of tuning observed emphasises the importance of tracking to the male fly, a behaviour commonly observed in flies prior to mating. To investigate this possibility further, in Chapter 3 I compare the responses of male and female photoreceptors to simulated target stimuli. For this purpose I use the housefly, Musca domestica, a species whose anatomical and behavioural sex-differences are well documented. The male photoreceptor responds much more powerfully to small moving targets than the female and response amplitude greatly exceeds that predicted from conventional models of photoreceptors dynamics. In particular, the male photoreceptor boosts the signals generated by targets moving within the behavioural regime of distances and speeds. These results allow the limits of male pursuit vision to be determined and demonstrate the impact of behaviour on retinal function. Adaptation of photoreceptor sensitivity and temporal resolution to ambient illumination is a well-known phenomenon. This process is usually considered to be complete within seconds. However, I show in M. domestica that significant improvements in temporal resolution and reliability can occur over a much longer period. These improvements are derived from a more consistent registration of the timing of photon absorption events and appear to be associated with a reduction in rhabdomeral surface area.
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Wolfram, Verena. "Impact of light history on processing of visual signals in Drosophila photoreceptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615093.

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Lampic, Marusa. "Restoration of visual function by transplantation of optogenetically engineered photoreceptors." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS233.

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Un défi majeur dans le traitement des maladies dégénératives de la rétine par transplantation de photorécepteurs de remplacement est la difficulté d'induire les cellules greffées à croître et à maintenir des segments externes sensibles à la lumière dans la rétine hôte, qui dépend d'une interaction adéquate avec l'épithélium pigmentaire rétinien (EPR) sous-jacent. Pour une approche de traitement indépendante de l'EPR, nous avons introduit une opsine microbienne hyperpolarisante dans les précurseurs de photorécepteurs provenant de souris nouveau-nées et les avons transplantés dans des souris aveugles dépourvues de la couche photoréceptrice. Ces photorécepteurs transformés optogénétiquement ont réagi à la lumière et leur transplantation a permis de rétablir la fonction visuelle, comme en témoignent les enregistrements des cellules ganglionnaires et les tests comportementaux. Par la suite, nous avons généré des photorécepteurs à cônes à partir de cellules souches humaines pluripotentes induites (hiPSCs), exprimant Jaws, un autre opsine hyperpolarisante. Après la transplantation chez des souris aveugles, nous avons observé des réponses à la lumière au niveau des photorécepteurs et des cellules ganglionnaires. Ces résultats démontrent que la réparation structurale et fonctionnelle de la rétine est possible en combinant la thérapie par cellules souches et l'optogénétique
A major challenge in treatment of retinal degenerative diseases with transplantation of replacement photoreceptors is the difficulty in inducing the grafted cells to grow and maintain light-sensitive outer segments in the host retina, which depends on proper interaction with the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). For an RPE-independent treatment approach, we introduced a hyperpolarizing microbial opsin into photoreceptor precursors from newborn mice, and transplanted them into blind mice lacking the photoreceptor layer. These optogenetically transformed photoreceptors were light responsive and their transplantation lead to the recovery of visual function, as shown by ganglion cell recordings and behavioral tests. Subsequently, we generated cone photoreceptors from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), expressing the chloride pump Jaws. After transplantation into blind mice, we observed light-driven responses at the photoreceptor and ganglion cell level. These results demonstrate that structural and functional retinal repair is possible by combining stem cell therapy and optogenetics
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Whiteley, Simon J. O. "Deterioration and repair of visual function in the Royal College of Surgeons rat." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344049.

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Mosk, Virginia Jan. "The visual system of seahorses and pipefish : a study of visual pigments and other characteristics." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0081.

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Syngnathidae (seahorse, pipefish, pipehorses & seadragons) are highly visual feeders with different species feeding on specific types of prey, a behaviour that has been related to snout length. Worldwide, many species have become threatened by habitat destruction, collection for the aquarium trade and exploitation for traditional medicine, as well as recreational and commercial bycatch. Attempts to establish aquaculture programs have been of limited success. Little is known about their visual capabilities in detail. The visual systems of fishes are known to have evolved specific adaptations that can be related to the colour of water in which they live and specific visual tasks such as predator detection and acquisition of food. This study examined the ocular and retinal morphology, photoreceptor structure and spectral sensitivity of adult individuals of a local pipefish (S. argus), local seahorse (Hippocampus subelongatus) which both inhabit green water seagrass beds, and a tropical species of seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) from blue water coral reefs. Some juveniles were also investigated. Accordingly, we developed an understanding of the features that are common to all syngnathids and those that have evolved for specific environments. Cryosections of the eyes were taken to determine morphological distinctions of this group. Lens characteristics measured using a spectrophotometer determined 50% cut-off wavelengths below 408nm for all 3 species, hence no transmission of UV light to the retina. Histological examination determined a cone dominated fovea in the ventro-temporal retina and very large rods concentrated in the peripheral retina and adjacent to the optic nerve. Microspectrophotometry measured the absorption characteristics of the visual pigments within the photoreceptors showing the presence and maximum sensitivity (λmax) of rods, SWS single cones, and a broad, complex array of LWS double/twin cones. The results are discussed in relation to the light environment inhabited by each species and their feeding requirements. The implications for the design of suitable light environments for aquarium and aquaculture programs for the Syngnathidae are also discussed. Rearing success of this family of fish, for both the aquarium trade and re-stocking programs, would be advised to take lighting regimes and specifics of the animals’ vision into account
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Lessios, Nicolas. "Using electroretinograms and multi-model inference to identify spectral classes of photoreceptors and relative opsin expression levels." PEERJ INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625519.

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Understanding how individual photoreceptor cells factor in the spectral sensitivity of a visual system is essential to explain how they contribute to the visual ecology of the animal in question. Existing methods that model the absorption of visual pigments use templates which correspond closely to data from thin cross-sections of photoreceptor cells. However, few modeling approaches use a single framework to incorporate physical parameters of real photoreceptors, which can be fused, and can form vertical tiers. Akaike’s information criterion (AIC c ) was used here to select absorptance models of multiple classes of photoreceptor cells that maximize information, given visual system spectral sensitivity data obtained using extracellular electroretinograms and structural parameters obtained by histological methods. This framework was first used to select among alternative hypotheses of photoreceptor number. It identified spectral classes from a range of dark-adapted visual systems which have between one and four spectral photoreceptor classes. These were the velvet worm, Principapillatus hitoyensis , the branchiopod water flea, Daphnia magna , normal humans, and humans with enhanced S-cone syndrome, a condition in which S-cone frequency is increased due to mutations in a transcription factor that controls photoreceptor expression. Data from the Asian swallowtail, Papilio xuthus , which has at least five main spectral photoreceptor classes in its compound eyes, were included to illustrate potential effects of model over-simplification on multi-model inference. The multi-model framework was then used with parameters of spectral photoreceptor classes and the structural photoreceptor array kept constant. The goal was to map relative opsin expression to visual pigment concentration. It identified relative opsin expression differences for two populations of the bluefin killifish, Lucania goodei . The modeling approach presented here will be useful in selecting the most likely alternative hypotheses of opsin-based spectral photoreceptor classes, using relative opsin expression and extracellular electroretinography.
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Lü, Bin. "An investigation into the functional activity within the subcortical visual centers and retinae of the Royal College of Surgeons rat using C-fos immunohistochemistry." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310774.

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Books on the topic "Visual photoreceptors"

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Wolken, Jerome J. Light detectors, photoreceptors, and imaging systems in nature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Wolken, Jerome J. Light detectors, photoreceptors, andimaging systems in nature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Symposium on Frontiers of Visual Science (1988 National Academy of Sciences). Advances in photoreception: Proceedings of a Symposium on Frontiers of Visual Science. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1990.

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1942-, Fein Alan, Levine Joseph S, and MacNichol E. F. 1918-, eds. The Visual system: Proceedings of a symposium in honor of Edward F. MacNichol, Jr., held in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, December 2 and 3, 1983. New York: Liss, 1985.

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International School of Biophysics (1998 Casamicciola Terme, Italy). Neuronal coding of perceptual systems: Proceedings of the International School of Biophysics, Casamicciola, Napoli, Italy, 12-17 October 1998. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2001.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in Understanding Visual Processes: Convergence of Neurophysiological and Psychophysical Evidence (1990 Røros, Norway). From pigments to perception: Advances in understanding visual processes. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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1938-, Hargrave P. A., Hofmann K. P. 1943-, Kaupp U. B. 1949-, and International Symposium on Signal Transduction in Photoreceptor Cells (1990 : Forschungszentrum Jülich), eds. Signal transduction in photoreceptor cells: Proceedings of an international workshop, held at the Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Fed. Rep. of Germany, 8-11 August 1990. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Tombran-Tink, Joyce, and Colin J. Barnstable. Visual Transduction And Non-Visual Light Perception. Humana, 2016.

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Tombran-Tink, Joyce, and Colin J. Barnstable. Visual Transduction and Non-Visual Light Perception. Humana Press, 2008.

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Joyce, Tombran-Tink, and Barnstable Colin J, eds. Visual transduction and non-visual light perception. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Visual photoreceptors"

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Saari, John C. "Regeneration of 11-cis-Retinal in Visual Systems with Monostable and Bistable Visual Pigments." In Vertebrate Photoreceptors, 47–71. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54880-5_3.

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Kumauchi, Masato, and Thomas G. Ebrey. "Visual Pigments as Photoreceptors." In Handbook of Photosensory Receptors, 43–76. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760510x.ch3.

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Sato, Keita, and Yoshinori Shichida. "Evolution and Diversity of Visual Pigments in Connection with Their Functional Differences." In Vertebrate Photoreceptors, 1–22. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54880-5_1.

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Huber, Armin, and Nina E. Meyer. "INAD Signaling Complex of Drosophila Photoreceptors." In Visual Transduction and Non-Visual Light Perception, 267–84. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-374-5_12.

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Cronin, Thomas W., and Megan L. Porter. "The Evolution of Invertebrate Photopigments and Photoreceptors." In Evolution of Visual and Non-visual Pigments, 105–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4355-1_4.

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Cote, Rick H. "The cGMP Signaling Pathway in Retinal Photoreceptors and the Central Role of Photoreceptor Phosphodiesterase (PDE6)." In Visual Transduction and Non-Visual Light Perception, 141–69. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-374-5_7.

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Tränkner, Dimitri. "The Transduction Channels of Rod and Cone Photoreceptors." In Visual Transduction and Non-Visual Light Perception, 225–49. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-374-5_10.

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Hunt, David M., and Shaun P. Collin. "The Evolution of Photoreceptors and Visual Photopigments in Vertebrates." In Evolution of Visual and Non-visual Pigments, 163–217. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4355-1_6.

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Sillman, Arnold J., and David A. Dahlin. "The Photoreceptors and Visual Pigments of Sharks and Sturgeons." In The Senses of Fish, 31–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1060-3_2.

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Rakic, Pasko. "An Overview Development of the Primate Visual System: From Photoreceptors to Cortical Modules." In The Visual System from Genesis to Maturity, 1–17. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6726-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Visual photoreceptors"

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Vohnsen, Brian. "From Visual Optics to Wavefront Sensors: Understanding the Role of Phase in Vision and Sensing of Aberrations." In Applied Industrial Optics: Spectroscopy, Imaging and Metrology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aio.2022.t2a.3.

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Oblique light at the retina is attenuated in the visual response due to the directionality of photoreceptors. Similar principles can be used when sensing aberrations. Here, we review our efforts from photoreceptors to wavefront sensing.
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Allen, Annette E., Franck P. Martial, and Robert J. Lucas. "Applying the discovery of melanopsin photoreceptors in the human retina to enhancing the performance of visual displays." In Advances in Display Technologies IX, edited by Qiong-Hua Wang, Tae-Hoon Yoon, and Jiun-Haw Lee. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2508422.

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Brill, Michael H. "Theoretical Constraints on the Participation of Rods and Cones in Color Matches." In Applied Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/av.1989.fb3.

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The visual system is trichromatic for small, centrally fixated fields and high (photopic) light intensities. For such conditions, color matching requires three primary lights, because of the three kinds of cone photoreceptors involved. When light intensities are low (scotopic), color matching reduces to brightness matching, and vision becomes monochromatic. At scotopic light intensities, which are not enough to excite cones, vision is mediated by rods; on the other hand, photopic light intensities are high enough to saturate the rods so that only cones contribute to color matches. But what of light intensities (mesopic) that are above the cone threshold but below the rod-saturation intensity? If rods and cones participate together in mesopic vision, shouldn't mesopic color matches require four primary lights instead of three? To address this question, this paper first shows the possibility of a full tetrachromatic matching space by demonstrating that the rod spectral-sensitivity function is linearly independent of a set of color-matching functions for the cones. Secondly, the mathematical conditions for convergence of Trezona's [1] iterative tetrachromatic matching experiment are derived and shown to agree with the actual conditions of the experiment. This step is intended to show that some experimental results are consistent with the formal discussion. Finally, a simple diagram is introduced that represents confusion loci in a reduced "matching space" of rod versus cone stimulation. The topology of this diagram is used to show how mesopic trichromacy is possible.
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Vissenberg, M. C. J. M., M. Perz, M. A. H. Donners, and D. Sekulovski. "A GENERIC GLARE SENSATION MODEL BASED ON THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM." In CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.op23.

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Conventional discomfort glare measures are based on glare source properties like luminous intensity or luminance and typically are valid only to specific situations and to specific types of light sources. For instance, the Unified Glare Rating (UGR) is intended for indoor lighting conditions with medium-sized glare sources, whereas another class of discomfort glare measures is specifically devoted to car headlamps. Recently, CIE TC 3-57 started with the aim to develop a more generic glare sensation model based on the human visual system. We present an example of such a model, including a detailed description of aspects like pupil constriction, retinal image formation, photoreceptor response and adaptation, receptive field-type filtering in the retina, and neural spatial summation. The linear correlation of the model to UGR in an indoor setting, and to subjective glare responses in an outdoor-like setting indicate that the human-visual-system-based model may indeed be considered generic.
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Vohnsen, Brian. "Coherent dipole scattering from visual pigments and a possible connection to photoreceptor waveguiding." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2013.ftu2b.3.

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Langus, Amir, Harry Zwick, Bruce E. Stuck, and Michael Belkin. "Foveal photoreceptor explanation of short-term visual acuity recovery associated with laser-induced foveal damage." In Biomedical Optics 2003, edited by Bruce E. Stuck and Michael Belkin. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.476889.

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Reports on the topic "Visual photoreceptors"

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Choi, S., N. Doble, J. Hardy, S. Jones, J. Keltner, S. Olivier, and J. Werner. In-vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic in retinal dystrophies and correlations with visual function. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886664.

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