Journal articles: 'Visual perceptual abilities'

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Leonard, Penelope, Cheryl Foxcroft, and Tertia Kroukamp. "Are Visual-Perceptual and Visual-Motor Skills Separate Abilities?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 2 (October 1988): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.2.423.

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This study explored the independence of visual-perceptual and visual-motor abilities. Scores on the Motor-free Visual Perception Test were correlated by Pearson's method with scores on tests that weight the visual-perceptual, motor, and visual-motor components differently. Small but significant correlations were found between the Motor-free Visual Perception Test and tests of visual-motor integration, but there was no relationship between the motor-free test and tests of motor ability. These findings support the premise that tests of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and motor ability measure different skills.

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Pompéia, S., M. Pradella-Hallinan, G. M. Manzano, and O. F. A. Bueno. "Effects of lorazepam on visual perceptual abilities." Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 23, no. 3 (2008): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.927.

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Lai, Mun Yee, and Frederick Koon Shing Leung. "Motor-reduced visual perceptual abilities and visual-motor integration abilities of Chinese learning children." Human Movement Science 31, no. 5 (October 2012): 1328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.12.003.

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de Waal, Elna, Anita E. Pienaar, and Dané Coetzee. "Influence of Different Visual Perceptual Constructs on Academic Achievement Among Learners in the NW-CHILD Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 5 (July 22, 2018): 966–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518786806.

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Visual perception plays an important and integrating role in the development of cognitive abilities and perceptual-motor skills. Visual perception comprises different independent constructs that may function in an integrative manner. This study aimed to determine whether (and the extent to which) various visual-perceptual constructs influence the academic achievement of 12-year-old school children. In a cross-sectional analysis, we extracted only 2016 data from 581 learners (mean age = 12.92 years, SD = 0.42) who were participants in the North-West Child Health, Integrated with Learning and Development longitudinal study (2010–2016). We used the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills, Third Edition, the North-West Provincial Assessment and mid-year school examination reports to determine visual perceptual abilities and academic achievement of this participant group. We calculated correlations between visual perceptual constructs and academic performance using Spearman rank order correlations and separately analyzed the influence of gender and socioeconomic status with independent T tests. Different visual perceptual constructs did have significant influences on specific areas of academic learning and on academic achievement generally ( r = .26 to r = .41). Spatial relationships showed slightly greater correlations with academic achievement ( r = .15 to r = .33) than did other basic visual perceptual constructs, possibly because spatial relationships are not completely developed at age 12. Complex and basic visual perceptual skills had medium significant retrospective correlations with grade point average ( r = .40 and r = .41) and first additional language ( r = .30 and r = .33). We concluded that basic and complex visual perceptual constructs remain important for academic achievement in this age-group, while gender and socioeconomic status influence both visual perceptual abilities and academic achievement.

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Landers, Casey. "Specialized Visual Experiences." Philosophical Quarterly 71, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqaa018.

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Abstract Through extensive training, experts acquire specialized knowledge and abilities. In this paper, I argue that experts also acquire specialized visual experiences. Specifically, I articulate and defend the account that experts enjoy visual experiences that represent gestalt properties through perceptual learning. I survey an array of empirical studies on face perception and perceptual expertise that support this account. I also look at studies on perceptual adaptation that some might argue present a problem for my account. I show how the data are subject to an interpretation that is friendly to it. Last, I address two theoretical objections to the claim that visual experiences represent gestalt properties.

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Blasi, Francesco D. Di, Flaviana Elia, Serafino Buono, Ger J. A. Ramakers, and Santo F. Di Nuovo. "Relationships between Visual-Motor and Cognitive Abilities in Intellectual Disabilities." Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, no. 3 (June 2007): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.3.763-772.

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The neurobiological hypothesis supports the relevance of studying visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills in relation to cognitive abilities in intellectual disabilities because the defective intellectual functioning in intellectual disabilities is not restricted to higher cognitive functions but also to more basic functions. The sample was 102 children 6 to 16 years old and with different severities of intellectual disabilities. Children were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception, and data were also analysed according to the presence or absence of organic anomalies, which are etiologically relevant for mental disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities had deficits in perceptual organisation which correlated with the severity of intellectual disabilities. Higher correlations between the spatial subtests of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception and the Performance subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children suggested that the spatial skills and cognitive performance may have a similar basis in information processing. Need to differentiate protocols for rehabilitation and intervention for recovery of perceptual abilities from general programs of cognitive stimulations is suggested.

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Lai, Mun Yee, and Frederick Koon Shing Leung. "Visual Perceptual Abilities of Chinese-Speaking and English-Speaking Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 114, no. 2 (April 2012): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/10.24.27.pms.114.2.433-445.

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Friedrich, William N., David B. Shurtleff, and Joyce Shaffer. "Cognitive Abilities and Lipomyelomeningocele." Psychological Reports 73, no. 2 (October 1993): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.467.

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Ten children with lipomyelomeningocele were evaluated with the WISC—R, the Wide Range Achievement Test—Revised, the Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration, and the Child Behavior Checklist. These children were consecutive referrals to a birth defects clinic. Unlike their meningomyelocele counterparts, as a group these children appear to be average in their intellectual, academic, and behavioral characteristics. However, they exhibited low average perceptual motor skills, a feature more commonly seen in meningomyelocele.

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Tseng, Mei Hui, and Elizabeth A. Murray. "Differences in Perceptual-Motor Measures in Children with Good and Poor Handwriting." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 14, no. 1 (January 1994): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929401400102.

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The concept that handwriting is primarily a perceptual-motor act is held by various authors (Chapman & Wedell, 1972; Furner, 1969; Sovick, 1975; Ziviani, Hayes, & Chant, 1990). However, the assumption that poor handwriters would perform less well than good handwriters on perceptual-motor tests has not yet been well researched. The purpose of this study was to examine this assumption as well as the relationship of perceptual-motor abilities to the legibility of handwriting. One hundred forty-three Chinese children in grades 3 through 5 served as subjects. Perceptual-motor tests that measured the abilities proposed to be subskills of handwriting were administered along with a handwriting test. Results showed that poor handwriters scored more poorly than good handwriters on most of the perceptual-motor tests. Regression analysis revealed that among the perceptual-motor measures visual-motor integration, as measured by the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, and eye-hand coordination, as measured by the Motor Accuracy Test, contributed most to the legibility of handwriting for the total group of handwriters. However, for poor handwriters, results of a stepwise regression analysis revealed that motor planning, as measured by the Finger Position Imitation Test, contributed the most to the legibility of handwriting. In contrast, for good handwriters, visual perception, as measured by the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills, contributed most to the legibility of handwriting.

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Cavézian, Céline, James Danckert, Jérôme Lerond, Jean Daléry, Thierry d’Amato, and Mohamed Saoud. "Visual-perceptual abilities in healthy controls, depressed patients, and schizophrenia patients." Brain and Cognition 64, no. 3 (August 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2007.03.008.

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Malloy-Miller, Theresa, Helene Polatajko, and Bev Anstett. "Handwriting Error Patterns of Children with Mild Motor Difficulties." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 62, no. 5 (December 1995): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841749506200505.

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A large proportion of children referred to school-based occupational therapists experience difficulty with handwriting. Illegible handwriting is found to have secondary effects on school achievement and self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to identify handwriting error patterns of children with mild motor difficulties and to examine the relationship between handwriting error patterns and perceptual-motor abilities. Sixty-six children aged 7 to 12 years old with mild motor difficulties were involved in the study. The results indicated three possible handwriting error patterns: (1) Execution Factor; (2) Aiming Factor; (3) Visual-Spatial Factor. The Execution Factor was associated with visual-motor skill and sensory discrimination; the Aiming Factor was correlated with visual-motor and fine-motor performance. There were no significant associations with perceptual-motor abilities for the Visual-Spatial Factor.

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Forwood, Suzanna E., Rosemary A. Cowell, Timothy J. Bussey, and Lisa M. Saksida. "Multiple Cognitive Abilities from a Single Cortical Algorithm." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 9 (September 2012): 1807–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00250.

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One strong claim made by the representational–hierarchical account of cortical function in the ventral visual stream (VVS) is that the VVS is a functional continuum: The basic computations carried out in service of a given cognitive function, such as recognition memory or visual discrimination, might be the same at all points along the VVS. Here, we use a single-layer computational model with a fixed learning mechanism and set of parameters to simulate a variety of cognitive phenomena from different parts of the functional continuum of the VVS: recognition memory, categorization of perceptually related stimuli, perceptual learning of highly similar stimuli, and development of retinotopy and orientation selectivity. The simulation results indicate—consistent with the representational–hierarchical view—that the simple existence of different levels of representational complexity in different parts of the VVS is sufficient to drive the emergence of distinct regions that appear to be specialized for solving a particular task, when a common neurocomputational learning algorithm is assumed across all regions. Thus, our data suggest that it is not necessary to invoke computational differences to understand how different cortical regions can appear to be specialized for what are considered to be very different psychological functions.

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Brick Larkin, Gabriella, and Daniel D. Kurylo. "Perceptual Grouping and High-Order Cognitive Ability." Journal of Individual Differences 34, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000110.

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High-order cognitive functions require the integration of information across functionally related modules. This relationship suggests that cognitive ability is related to the efficiency and processing speed of basic integrative function. In order to examine individual differences for this relationship, we compared standardized tests of intelligence to visual perceptual grouping abilities, which represents a basic process of integration. Sixty participants discriminated perceived grouping of dot patterns based upon similarity in luminance. Psychophysical measurements were made of the functional limits and processing speed of grouping. We assessed cognitive abilities with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and found that measures of grouping efficiency as well as speed varied considerably across subjects, indicating substantial individual differences at this relatively early level of visual processing. Faster grouping speed was associated with higher scores on all WASI subtests, whereas grouping ability, when not restricted by time, was associated only with the performance IQ components. These results demonstrate an association between a basic integrative function, in which cognitive and motoric factors were minimized, with measures of high-order cognition, which include both verbal and spatial cognitive components.

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Hatwell, Yvette. "Motor and Cognitive Functions of the Hand in Infancy and Childhood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 10, no. 4 (December 1987): 509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548701000409.

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This paper reviews recent work on the development of the perceptual information-seeking function of the hand in relation to its motor-executive function. The general argument is that from five to six months of age, i.e. when the movements of the hand begin to be systematically controlled by vision, manual haptic competences are consistently under-used and are obscured by a strong visual dominance. Although intramodal haptic discrimination and visual-tactual cross modal transfer take place very early in infancy, infants and children make poor use of their manual perceptual abilities. Consequently, their observed performance on bimodal visual-haptic tasks and in cross modal tasks do not fully support Gibson's hypothesis of amodal processing of perceptual information.

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Wong, Yetta Kwailing, and Isabel Gauthier. "A Multimodal Neural Network Recruited by Expertise with Musical Notation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 4 (April 2010): 695–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21229.

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Prior neuroimaging work on visual perceptual expertise has focused on changes in the visual system, ignoring possible effects of acquiring expert visual skills in nonvisual areas. We investigated expertise for reading musical notation, a skill likely to be associated with multimodal abilities. We compared brain activity in music-reading experts and novices during perception of musical notation, Roman letters, and mathematical symbols and found selectivity for musical notation for experts in a widespread multimodal network of areas. The activity in several of these areas was correlated with a behavioral measure of perceptual fluency with musical notation, suggesting that activity in nonvisual areas can predict individual differences in visual expertise. The visual selectivity for musical notation is distinct from that for faces, single Roman letters, and letter strings. Implications of the current findings to the study of visual perceptual expertise, music reading, and musical expertise are discussed.

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Aniței, Mihai, Cornel Laurențiu Mincu, and Mihaela Chraif. "Aspects of the relationship between the processing of stimuli in the peripheral perceptual field and in the perceptual central field." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v6i1.349.

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As humans have limited information processing abilities and rely on three fallible mental functions: perception, attention and memory, the driving error is easy to appear. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the male/female differences in processing the perceptive information from the external stimuli in the peripheral visual field and to demonstrate that the mean of the estimate errors in evaluating the speed and distances in the central visual perceptual field is in inverse ratio to the reaction time value at the visual stimuli from the peripheral driving tasks simulation. Between the variables number of wrong reactions and number of omissions there has been obtained a relatively high negative correlation (r=-0.728, p<0.001). The result has a strong implication in visual stimuli processing during driving tasks.

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Kioumourtzoglou, Efthimios, Thomas Kourtessis, Maria Michalopoulou, and Vasiliki Derri. "Differences in Several Perceptual Abilities between Experts and Novices in Basketball, Volleyball and Water-Polo." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 3 (June 1998): 899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.899.

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The aim of this study was to examine differences between experts and novices in a number of perceptual abilities. Three groups of elite athletes, 44 members of Greek national teams in basketball ( n = 12), volleyball ( n = 13), and water-polo ( n = 19) were selected. Two groups of physical education students ( ns = 18 and 21) were novices. The measured abilities were selected as the most important for an elite athlete by expert coaches in the three sports. The four most frequently selected abilities for each sport, according to the coaches' opinions, were finally assessed. Analysis showed that differences were fewer than expected. Basketball experts were better on prediction and selective attention. Volleyball experts performed better on perceptual speed, focused attention, prediction, and estimation of speed and direction of a moving object. Water-polo players had significantly better scores than the novices on decision-making, visual reaction time, and spatial orientation. It seems that the nature of each sport strongly influences the way perceptual abilities differentiate elite athletes from novices.

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Streri, Arlette, and Edouard Gentaz. "The haptic abilities of the human newborn." Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 41, no. 4 (October 2009): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637.41.4.173.

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Abstract. How do human babies gain knowledge by touch? This review presents information on the haptic abilities of human newborns and preterm infants which sheds light on this question. How do full-term and preterm newborns perceive information and form a perceptual representation of objects extracted from the hands alone? How do full-term newborns transfer this information to vision in an intermodal process? Using a habituation/dishabituation procedure, experiments have revealed that preterm and full-term newborns are able to discriminate object shapes in the manual, as well as in the visual modalities for full-term newborns. These abilities are a prerequisite for the establishment of relations between haptic and visual sensory information in cross-modal transfer tasks. We discuss several experiments performed using an intersensory successive preference procedure which provide evidence for cross-modal recognition from touch to vision from birth in full-term newborns. The links, however, are limited, partial, and not always reciprocal. We discuss these results in the light of recent theories on visual-haptic links.

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Anaya, Esperanza M., David B. Pisoni, and William G. Kronenberger. "Long-term musical experience and auditory and visual perceptual abilities under adverse conditions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 3 (September 2016): 2074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4962628.

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Laurent, Eric, Paul Ward, A. Mark Williams, and Hubert Ripoll. "Expertise in basketball modifies perceptual discrimination abilities, underlying cognitive processes, and visual behaviours." Visual Cognition 13, no. 2 (January 2006): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506280544000020.

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Wang, Lingling, Kristina Krasich, Tarik Bel-Bahar, Lauren Hughes, Stephen R. Mitroff, and L. Gregory Appelbaum. "Mapping the structure of perceptual and visual–motor abilities in healthy young adults." Acta Psychologica 157 (May 2015): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.02.005.

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Popadić, Marko, and Siniša Ristić. "Influence of verbal, auditory and visual incentives on art perception and reception of primary school students." Биомедицинска истраживања 11, no. 2 (2020): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bii2002151p.

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Introduction. Art reception and experiencing is a complex process, containing creative components. The experience of a work of art involves reproduction, in the viewer's consciousness, of the experiences and excitement that the artist himself or herself have undergone in the process of creating the same works of art. When viewing visual images, our perception is directed towards the identification of objects, and when viewing visual images as works of art, we also tend to experience them - we subjectively react to elements, such as stylistic and structural characteristics. The aim of the research is to examine the effectiveness of the experimental program named the Impact of Verbal, Auditory and Visual Incentives, designed to foster students' visual perception and visual reception during art education. Methods. The experimental method with parallel groups was used. The research included the sample consisting of 98 students, out of which 45 belonged to experimental group while 53 were control students from Trebinje region. Test LV1, examining visual creativity, as well as visual perception and visual reception (art appreciation), was used. Results. The results indicated that the experimental program influenced the development of the visual perceptive (F = 3.76; p = 0.05) and visual receptive (F = 8.01; p = 0.00) abilities among students during art education because the experimental group students achieved significantly better results than the control group students. The experimental program was aligned with the curriculum and designed to influence the development of students' visual-perceptual and visual-receptive abilities. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to influence the development of students' visual-perceptual and visual-receptive abilities by using a specially designed program, aimed at stimulating verbal, auditory and visual aspects of visual expression.

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Barrett, Maeve M., and Fiona N. Newell. "Task-Specific, Age Related Effects in the Cross-Modal Identification and Localisation of Objects." Multisensory Research 28, no. 1-2 (2015): 111–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002479.

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We investigated age-related effects in cross-modal interactions using tasks assessing spatial perception and object perception. Specifically, an audio-visual object identification task and an audio-visual object localisation task were used to assess putatively distinct perceptual functions in four age groups: children (8–11 years), adolescents (12–14 years), young and older adults. Participants were required to either identify or locate target objects. Targets were specified as unisensory (visual/auditory) or multisensory (audio-visual congruent/audio-visual incongruent) stimuli. We found age-related effects in performance across both tasks. Both children and older adults were less accurate at locating objects than adolescents or young adults. Children were also less accurate at identifying objects relative to young adults, but the performance between young adults, adolescents and older adults did not differ. A greater cost in accuracy for audio-visual incongruent relative to audio-visual congruent targets was found for older adults, children and adolescents relative to young adults. However, we failed to find a benefit in performance for any age group in either the identification or localisation task for audio-visual congruent targets relative to visual-only targets. Our findings suggest that visual information dominated when identifying or localising audio-visual stimuli. Furthermore, on the basis of our results, object identification and object localisation abilities seem to mature late in development and that spatial abilities may be more prone to decline as we age relative to object identification abilities. In addition, the results suggest that multisensory facilitation may require more sensitive measures to reveal differences in cross-modal interactions across higher-level perceptual tasks.

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Spiller, Mary Jane. "Exploring synaesthetes’ mental imagery abilities across multiple sensory modalities." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648459.

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Previous research on the mental imagery abilities of synaesthetes has concentrated on visual and spatial imagery in synaesthetes with spatial forms (Price, 2009, 2010; Simner et al., 2008) and letter-colour synaesthesia (Spiller and Jansari, 2008). Though Barnett and Newell (2008) asked synaesthetes of all types to fill out a questionnaire on visual imagery, most of their synaesthetes reported some form of linguistic–colour synaesthesia. We extend the investigation of mental imagery to a wider variety of synaesthesia types and a wider variety of sensory modalities using a questionnaire study and several tests of visual and auditory mental imagery ability. Our results indicate that, as a group, synaesthetes report making greater use of mental imagery than non-synaesthetes, in everyday activities. Furthermore, they self-report greater vividness of visual, auditory, tactile, and taste imagery than do non-synaesthetes. However, as a group the synaesthetes are not seen to do significantly better at the mental imagery tasks, in either the visual or auditory modalities. These results have important implications for our understanding of synaesthesia, in relation to potential fundamental differences in perceptual processing of synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes.

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Chieffi, Sergio. "Dysfunction of Magnocellular/dorsal Processing Stream in Schizophrenia." Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573400515666190119163522.

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Background: Patients with schizophrenia show not only cognitive, but also perceptual deficits. Perceptual deficits may affect different sensory modalities. Among these, the impairment of visual information processing is of particular relevance as demonstrated by the high incidence of visual disturbances. In recent years, the study of neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie visuo-perceptual, -spatial and -motor disorders in schizophrenia has increasingly attracted the interest of researchers. Objective: The study aims to review the existent literature on magnocellular/dorsal (occipitoparietal) visual processing stream impairment in schizophrenia. The impairment of relatively early stages of visual information processing was examined using experimental paradigms such as backward masking, contrast sensitivity, contour detection, and perceptual closure. The deficits of late processing stages were detected by examining visuo-spatial and -motor abilities. Results: Neurophysiological and behavioral studies support the existence of deficits in the processing of visual information along the magnocellular/dorsal pathway. These deficits appear to affect both early and late stages of visual information processing. Conclusion: The existence of disturbances in the early processing of visual information along the magnocellular/dorsal pathway is strongly supported by neurophysiological and behavioral observations. Early magnocellular dysfunction may provide a substrate for late dorsal processing impairment as well as higher-level cognition deficits.

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Waldron, Karen A., and Diane G. Saphire. "Perceptual and Academic Patterns of Learning-Disabled/Gifted Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 2 (April 1992): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.2.599.

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This research explored ways gifted children with learning disabilities perceive and recall auditory and visual input and apply this information to reading, mathematics, and spelling 24 learning-disabled/gifted children and a matched control group of normally achieving gifted students were tested for oral reading, word recognition and analysis, listening comprehension, and spelling. In mathematics, they were tested for numeration, mental and written computation, word problems, and numerical reasoning. To explore perception and memory skills, students were administered formal tests of visual and auditory memory as well as auditory discrimination of sounds. Their responses to reading and to mathematical computations were further considered for evidence of problems in visual discrimination, visual sequencing, and visual spatial areas. Analyses indicated that these learning-disabled/gifted students were significantly weaker than controls in their decoding skills, in spelling, and in most areas of mathematics. They were also significantly weaker in auditory discrimination and memory, and in visual discrimination, sequencing, and spatial abilities. Conclusions are that these underlying perceptual and memory deficits may be related to students' academic problems.

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Taylor, Robert. "Drawing Designs from Memory in Dementia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 2 (October 1994): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.801.

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Correlational analysis of performance on 22 neuropsychological tests by 58 patients with presumed dementia of the Alzheimer type and 58 with presumed multi-infarct dementia suggested that drawing designs from memory in dementia assesses visual-perceptual, constructional, and executive abilities more than memory.

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Ozols, Edite J., and Byron P. Rourke. "Characteristics of Young Learning-Disabled Children Classified According to Patterns of Academic Achievement: Auditory-Perceptual and Visual-Perceptual Abilities." Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 17, no. 1 (March 1988): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1701_6.

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Guo, Jianfei, and Joo-Hyun Song. "Action Fluency Facilitates Perceptual Discrimination." Psychological Science 30, no. 10 (September 10, 2019): 1434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619859361.

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Perception and action interact in nearly every moment of daily life. Previous studies have demonstrated not only that perceptual input shapes action but also that various factors associated with action—including individual abilities and biomechanical costs—influence perceptual decisions. However, it is unknown how action fluency affects the sensitivity of early-stage visual perception, such as orientation. To address this question, we used a dual-task paradigm: Participants prepared an action (e.g., grasping), while concurrently performing an orientation-change-detection task. We demonstrated that as actions became more fluent (e.g., as grasping errors decreased), perceptual-discrimination performance also improved. Importantly, we found that grasping training prior to discrimination enhanced subsequent perceptual sensitivity, supporting the notion of a reciprocal relation between perception and action.

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Saviolo-Negrin, Nila, Salvatore Soresi, Carlo Baccichetti, Giovanni Pozzan, and Edi Trevisan. "Observations on the visual-perceptual abilities and adaptive behavior in adults with Down syndrome." American Journal of Medical Genetics 37, S7 (June 6, 2005): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320370761.

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Tomonaga, Masaki, Kiyonori Kumazaki, Florine Camus, Sophie Nicod, Carlos Pereira, and Tetsuro Matsuzawa. "A horse's eye view: size and shape discrimination compared with other mammals." Biology Letters 11, no. 11 (November 2015): 20150701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0701.

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Mammals have adapted to a variety of natural environments from underwater to aerial and these different adaptations have affected their specific perceptive and cognitive abilities. This study used a computer-controlled touchscreen system to examine the visual discrimination abilities of horses, particularly regarding size and shape, and compared the results with those from chimpanzee, human and dolphin studies. Horses were able to discriminate a difference of 14% in circle size but showed worse discrimination thresholds than chimpanzees and humans; these differences cannot be explained by visual acuity. Furthermore, the present findings indicate that all species use length cues rather than area cues to discriminate size. In terms of shape discrimination, horses exhibited perceptual similarities among shapes with curvatures, vertical/horizontal lines and diagonal lines, and the relative contributions of each feature to perceptual similarity in horses differed from those for chimpanzees, humans and dolphins. Horses pay more attention to local components than to global shapes.

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Fabre-Thorpe, Michèle. "Visual categorization: accessing abstraction in non–human primates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1435 (July 29, 2003): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1310.

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Evolution might have set the basic foundations for abstract mental representation long ago. Because of language, mental abilities would have reached different degrees of sophistication in mammals and in humans but would be, essentially, of the same nature. Thus, humans and animals might rely on the same basic mechanisms that could be masked in humans by the use of sophisticated strategies. In this paper, monkey and human abilities are compared in a variety of perceptual tasks including visual categorization to assess behavioural similarities and dissimilarities, and to determine the level of abstraction of monkeys' mental representations. The question of how these abstract representations might be encoded in the brain is then addressed. A comparative study of the neural processing underlying abstract cognitive operations in animals and humans might help to understand when abstraction emerged in the phylogenetic scale, and how it increased in complexity.

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Cantone, Mariagiovanna, Maria A. Catalano, Giuseppe Lanza, Gaetano La Delfa, Raffaele Ferri, Manuela Pennisi, Rita Bella, Giovanni Pennisi, and Alessia Bramanti. "Motor and Perceptual Recovery in Adult Patients with Mild Intellectual Disability." Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3273246.

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Introduction. The relationship between intellectual disability (ID) and hand motor coordination and speed-accuracy, as well as the effect of aging on fine motor performance in patients with ID, has been previously investigated. However, only a few data are available on the impact of the nonpharmacological interventions in adult patients with long-term hand motor deficit. Methods. Fifty adults with mild ID were enrolled. A group of thirty patients underwent a two-month intensive ergotherapic treatment that included hand motor rehabilitation and visual-perceptual treatment (group A); twenty patients performing conventional motor rehabilitation alone (group B) served as a control group. Data on attention, perceptual abilities, hand dexterity, and functional independence were collected by a blind operator, both at entry and at the end of the study. Results. After the interventions, group A showed significantly better performance than group B in all measures related to hand movement from both sides and to independence in activities of daily living. Discussion. Multimodal integrated interventions targeting visual-perceptual abilities and motor skills are an effective neurorehabilitative approach in adult patients with mild ID. Motor learning and memory-mediated mechanisms of neural plasticity might underlie the observed recovery, suggesting the presence of plastic adaptive changes even in the adult brain with ID.

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Werpup-Stüwe, Lina, and Franz Petermann. "Visuelle Wahrnehmungsleistungen bei motorisch auffälligen Kindern - eine Pilotstudie/ Visual Perceptual Abilities of Children with Low Motor Abilities – A Pilot Study." Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie 64, no. 8 (October 2015): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/prkk.2015.64.8.601.

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Remington, Anna, John Swettenham, Ruth Campbell, and Mike Coleman. "Selective Attention and Perceptual Load in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Psychological Science 20, no. 11 (November 2009): 1388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02454.x.

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It has been suggested that the locus of selective attention (early vs. late in processing) is dependent on the perceptual load of the task. When perceptual load is low, irrelevant distractors are processed (late selection), whereas when perceptual load is high, distractor interference disappears (early selection). Attentional abnormalities have long been reported within autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and this study is the first to examine the effect of perceptual load on selective attention in this population. Fourteen adults with ASD and 23 adults without ASD performed a selective attention task with varying perceptual loads. Compared with the non-ASD group, the ASD group required higher levels of perceptual load to successfully ignore irrelevant distractors; moreover, the ASD group did not show any general reduction in performance speed or accuracy. These results suggest enhanced perceptual capacity in the ASD group and are consistent with previous observations regarding superior visual search abilities among individuals with ASD.

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Dillmann, Julia, Claudia Freitag, Birgit Lorenz, Kerstin Holve, Silke Schweinfurth, and Gudrun Schwarzer. "Motor and Visual-spatial Cognitive Abilities in Children Treated for Infantile Esotropia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): 1443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211011726.

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While many studies have investigated links between motor and visual spatial cognitive abilities in typically developing children, only a few studies have tested this link among children with innate handicaps. Therefore, we assessed motor abilities (using the M-ABC-2) and visual spatial cognitive skills (using the Block Design subtest of the WPPSI-III and a picture mental rotation task, PRT) of 5-7 year old typically developing children (n= 17) and same-aged children with severe deficits in stereopsis due to infantile esotropia (n= 17). Compared to the typically developing children, children with esotropia showed significantly poorer motor performances, especially in manual dexterity and ball skills, and significantly poorer and slower performance on the visual spatial cognitive tasks. Especially the girls treated for infantile esotropia needed more time to mentally rotate the pictures of the PRT correctly. Overall, this study showed that perceptual, motor and cognitive processes are interconnected and that children treated for infantile esotropia had an increased risk of motor and visual spatial cognitive deficits.

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Devyatko, Dina, L. Gregory Appelbaum, and Stephen R. Mitroff. "A Common Mechanism for Perceptual Reversals in Motion-Induced Blindness, the Troxler Effect, and Perceptual Filling-In." Perception 46, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 50–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006616672577.

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Several striking visual phenomena involve a physically present stimulus that alternates between being perceived and being “invisible.” For example, motion-induced blindness, the Troxler effect, and perceptual filling-in all consist of subjective alternations where an item repeatedly changes from being seen to unseen. In the present study, we explored whether these three specific visual phenomena share any commonalities in their alternation rates and patterns to better understand the mechanisms of each. Data from 69 individuals revealed moderate to strong correlations across the three phenomena for the number of perceptual disappearances and the accumulated duration of the disappearances. Importantly, these effects were not correlated with eye movement patterns (saccades) assessed through eye tracking, differences in motion sensitivity as indexed by dot coherence and speed perception thresholds, or simple reaction time abilities. Principal component analyses revealed a single component that explained 67% of the variance for the number of perceptual reversals and 60% for the accumulated duration of the disappearances. The temporal dynamics of illusory disappearances was also compared for each phenomenon, and normalized durations of disappearances were well fit by a gamma distribution with similar shape parameters for each phenomenon, suggesting that they may be driven by a single oscillatory mechanism.

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Nemeth, D., and K. Chustz. "B-17 Examining Driving Abilities in Autistic Young Adults." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.100.

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Abstract Objectives A single white 27 year-old male with autism was referred for an evaluation of his neurocognitive skills for driver’s training competency. Typically, the following criteria are required for special needs individuals to be issued a driver’s license: 1) Must pass neuropsychologist evaluation, 2) Must be cleared by occupational therapist, and 3) must be approved by primary care physician; Schultheis presented a symposium on this topic at the International Neuropsychology Society meeting in Portland, Oregon in 2007. As driving is one of the primary methods of achieving independence in our society, most teens and young adults, regardless of diagnosis, strive to obtain a license. Methods This case presentation will profile the results of this individual’s neurocognitive driving skills. This neuropsychological evaluation included the Cognitive Behavioral Driver’s Inventory (CBDI). Results Significant results included: Average to low average intellectual skills, high average to average memory and attentional skills, weakness in math, multi-tasking perceptual motor difficulties, visual spatial/constructional difficulties, normal affective functioning, and positive personality profile. This individual had a “clearly failing” CBDI score of 91, with weaknesses in the following areas: Visual scrutiny and attention to detail, Visual motor coordination and fine motor speed, attention and concentration, rapid decision-making, distractibility, and mental flexibility, and consistency of performance. Although previously diagnosed with ADD, results of objective testing (TOVA) did not support this diagnosis. Conclusions Outpatient occupational therapy program to include visual spatial and rapid decision-making skills was recommended. Upon completion of this program, a re-administration of the CBDI is recommended.

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Skrzypulec, Błażej. "Common Structure of Vision and Olfaction." Philosophia 49, no. 4 (January 31, 2021): 1703–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-020-00318-y.

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AbstractAccording to a common opinion, human olfactory experiences are significantly different from human visual experiences. For instance, olfaction seems to have only rudimentary abilities to represent space; it is not clear whether olfactory experiences have any mereological structure; and while vision presents the world in terms of objects, it is a matter of debate whether there are olfactory object-representations. This paper argues that despite these differences visual and olfactory experiences share a hierarchical subject/property structure. Within this structure, olfactorily experienced odours and visual objects have the same status: they are primary subjects which unify other represented elements into perceptual units.

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Bulgheroni, Sara, Matilde Taddei, Veronica Saletti, Silvia Esposito, Roberto Micheli, and Daria Riva. "Visuoperceptual Impairment in Children with NF1: From Early Visual Processing to Procedural Strategies." Behavioural Neurology 2019 (January 13, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7146168.

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Visual-spatial impairment has long been considered a hallmark feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). No study investigating the cognitive and neuropsychological profile of NF1 used the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) task as the primary measure of visual-perceptual abilities taking into consideration all functions involved including the strategic processing style. We compared 18 children with NF1, 17 siblings (S), and 18 typically developing children (TD) at intelligence scale and RCFT copy, recall, and recognition trials; we also evaluated the copy strategy as a measure of a visual-processing style. Children with NF1 had normal total IQ, with cognitive weaknesses in the perceptual organization and working memory in line with the existing literature. At the RCFT copy, immediate and delay recall scores are significantly lower in NF1 than S and TD, while recognition is in the normal range in all groups. Copy style was poor and less efficient in children with NF1 and correlated to copy and recall ability, but the effect of the group in the RCFT copy and recall remained significantly controlling for strategic approach. The present study confirms visuospatial impairment in children with NF1, due to a deficit in perceptual analysis of shape and their spatial features, in visuomotor integration efficiency and strategies, in recall memory, while recognition memory is preserved. A more configural/holistic style may facilitate both the visual-perceptual and visuomotor ability and the recall process. Visuoperceptual impairment in NF1 seems to be a unified process from early visual processing to higher order functions (planning, strategy, and executive functioning).

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Kennedy, Robert S. "Temporal Factors in Visual Perception: A Differential Approach." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 13 (October 1995): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901308.

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Traditionally, sensory, perceptual, and cognitive psychology were normative fields of study where investigators were interested in those aspects of the responses that are normal (common, shared). In the 70's a “new look” emerged where individual dserences were emphasized and paradigms were developed. The predicate for the work reported here follows from the notion that people with better spatial abilities often perform better in jobs that require such skills, while static vision acuity relates to the perception of small spots, fine lines, and grids. We hypothesize that there are other, perhaps equally important abilities ON WHICH INDIVIDUALS DIFFER, and we refer to them collectively as temporal visual factors. These are visual functions that operate faster (neurally) than static acuity and support such activities as real and apparent motion perception. We propose to report on the recent development of a computerized temporal acuity test battery. Separate empirical studies at three universities will describe how the different tests are shown to be stable over repeated measures, have high (r > .707) retest reliability, are factorially rich, and are largely uncorrelated with spatial acuity and intelligence. The tests all work on a 386PC, or better, and are transportable by disk.

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Wilbiks, Jonathan M. P., and Courtney O’Brien. "Musical Training Improves Audiovisual Integration Capacity under Conditions of High Perceptual Load." Vision 4, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision4010009.

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In considering capacity measures of audiovisual integration, it has become apparent that there is a wide degree of variation both within (based on unimodal and multimodal stimulus characteristics) and between participants. Recent work has discussed performance on a number of cognitive tasks that can form a regression model accounting for nearly a quarter of the variation in audiovisual integration capacity. The current study involves an investigation of whether different elements of musicality in participants can contribute to additional variation in capacity. Participants were presented with a series of rapidly changing visual displays and asked to note which elements of that display changed in synchrony with a tone. Results were fitted to a previously used model to establish capacity estimates, and these estimates were included in correlational analyses with musical training, musical perceptual abilities, and active engagement in music. We found that audiovisual integration capacity was positively correlated with amount of musical training, and that this correlation was statistically significant under the most difficult perceptual conditions. Results are discussed in the context of the boosting of perceptual abilities due to musical training, even under conditions that have been previously found to be overly demanding for participants.

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Wenzel, Elizabeth M., Frederic L. Wightman, and Scott H. Foster. "A Virtual Display System for Conveying Three-Dimensional Acoustic Information." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 2 (October 1988): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200218.

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A three-dimensional auditory display could take advantage of intrinsic sensory abilities like localization and perceptual organization by generating dynamic, multidimensional patterns of acoustic events that convey meaning about objects in the spatial world. Applications involve any context in which the user's situational awareness is critical, particularly when visual cues are limited or absent; e.g., air traffic control or telerobotic activities in hazardous environments. Such a display would generate localized cues in a flexible and dynamic manner. Whereas this can be readily achieved with an array of real sound sources or loudspeakers, the NASA-Ames prototype maximizes flexibility and portability by synthetically generating three-dimensional sound in realtime for delivery through headphones. Psychoacoustic research suggests that perceptually-veridical localization over headphones is possible if both the direction-dependent pinna cues and the more well understood cues of interaural time and intensity are adequately synthesized. Although the realtime device is not yet complete, recent studies at the University of Wisconsin have confirmed the perceptual adequacy of the basic approach to synthesis.

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O'Brien, V., S. A. Cermak, and E. Murray. "The Relationship Between Visual-Perceptual Motor Abilities and Clumsiness in Children With and Without Learning Disabilities." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 42, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.42.6.359.

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Colitto, Francesca, Flaviana Bianco, Rita Luciano, Valeria Donvito, Giovanni Baranello, Claudia Brogna, Lucia Masini, Stefano Ciotti, and Eugenio Mercuri. "Visual, motor and perceptual abilities at school age in children with isolated mild antenatal ventricular dilatation." Early Human Development 85, no. 3 (March 2009): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.002.

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Lanser, J. B. K., W. H. C. Van Santen, A. Jennekens-Schinkel, and R. A. C. Roos. "Tourette's Syndrome and Right Hemisphere Dysfunction." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 1 (July 1993): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.1.116.

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Poor performances of patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) on tests requiring visual-perceptual abilities had led previous authors to the suggestion of right hemisphere involvement. We have compared the results of neuropsychological examination of 16 children with TS, with those of 16 children with a lesion of the right hemisphere. No evidence was found of a dysfunction of the right hemisphere in TS.British Journal of Psychiatry (1993), 163, 116–118

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SINGH, Bhupinder. "Investigation of Cognitive Abilities of Indian Sport Women." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.131830.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. At the elite level of participation of sports the brain has to be equally tuned with the brawn for attaining the peak level performance. Rather, it is higher cortical functioning of the athlete, which helps in judging, analyzing, estimating and calculating the information at the time of execution of highly precised movements during the competition. Taking in view these facts the emphasis of sports psychology researches in these days is shifting towards the cognitive assessment of the players in the laboratory conditions. A substantive probe has taken place in this respect in male athletes however the female athletic population is still awaiting scientific consideration. Taking cognizance of this situation the present study was conducted on 192 National level Female Athletes belonging to Athletics (Track & Field), Badminton, Basketball, Cycling, Football, Gymnastics, Handball and Hockey. These female athletes were assessed on the parameters of visual and auditory reaction time, visual perceptual accuracy and visual concentration. All the subjects were individually tested with the help of Electronic Chronoscope, Muller-Lyer Illusion test and Knox-Cube Imitation test. The standard procedure of testing was followed throughout the testing programme. The results revealed number of inter group differences in the cognitive abilities of female athletes. While comparing individual and team game female athletes differences were found only in reactionability. 本文旨在探討印度女子運動選手的認知能力，192名印度女子國家隊選手接受測試，結果顯示，個人與隊際項目出現一些較明顯的差異。

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Johnson, Mark H. "Cortical Maturation and the Development of Visual Attention in Early Infancy." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2, no. 2 (April 1990): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1990.2.2.81.

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Bronson (1974) reviewed evidence in support of the claim that the development of visually guided behavior in the human infant over the first few months of life represents a shift from subcortical to cortical visual processing. Recently, this view has been brought into question for two reasons; first, evidence revealing apparently sophisticated perceptual abilities in the newborn, and second, increasing evidence for multiple cortica streams of visual processing. The present paper presents a reanalysis of the relation between the maturation of cortical pathways and the development of visually guided behavior, focusing in particular on how the maturational state of the primary visual cortex may constrain the functioning of neural pathways subserving oculomotor control.

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Hockenberry, M. J., K. Krull, I. M. Moore, A. Pasvogel, M. Gregurich, and K. Kaemingk. "Longitudinal evaluation of fine motor deficits in children with leukemia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 8559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8559.

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8559 Background: Fine motor assessments are important tools to use in screening children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that may provide decisive data that can reveal subtle changes in neurodevelopment over time. Methods: Fine motor and visual-motor skills were assessed longitudinally in a group of 83 children receiving treatment for ALL. Children in this study had the first fine motor assessment at an average of 8 weeks into treatment and had already received several doses of Vincristine. Fine motor and visual-motor skills assessments were repeated at years 1 and 2 into therapy. The mean age at time of first assessment was 7.2 years and 58% were female. Results: Fine motor speed deficits were evident at the first assessment, and for many, continued to be problematic at Years 1 and 2. In addition to fine motor speed deficits, a significant decline in visual motor integration skills was noted from the baseline level (p = 0.019). Visual motor integration skills observed at Years 1 and 2 were predicted by the baseline performance on the Purdue Pegboard test. Our results indicate that the factors underlying these declines in higher-level skills begin within six months of the onset of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Early reductions in fine motor speed, possibly due to Vincristine, steroids and/or acute Methotrexate toxicity, may lead to reduced visual motor integration and construction abilities. The reduced fine motor skills, which predict eventual declines in visual motor integration, may be part of the underlying process for reduced perceptual abilities and nonverbal intellect often reported in long-term follow-up studies. For children with ALL, motor and sensory-perceptual examinations during treatment may identify those most at risk for significant long-term effects interfering with integration of visual spatial construction. These basic processing skills are necessary elements to the development of higher-level cognitive abilities, including nonverbal intelligence and academic achievement, particularly in arithmetic and written language. Early identification of reduced processing skills can provide an opportunity to identify at risk patients and intervene prior to reduction in these higher-level skills. Supported by NIH/NICHD RO-1 Funding: Grant number HD 37816 No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Motyka, Paweł, Mert Akbal, and Piotr Litwin. "Forward optic flow is prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): e0250905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250905.

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When two different images are presented separately to each eye, one experiences smooth transitions between them–a phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Previous studies have shown that exposure to signals from other senses can enhance the access of stimulation-congruent images to conscious perception. However, despite our ability to infer perceptual consequences from bodily movements, evidence that action can have an analogous influence on visual awareness is scarce and mainly limited to hand movements. Here, we investigated whether one’s direction of locomotion affects perceptual access to optic flow patterns during binocular rivalry. Participants walked forwards and backwards on a treadmill while viewing highly-realistic visualisations of self-motion in a virtual environment. We hypothesised that visualisations congruent with walking direction would predominate in visual awareness over incongruent ones, and that this effect would increase with the precision of one’s active proprioception. These predictions were not confirmed: optic flow consistent with forward locomotion was prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction and proprioceptive abilities. Our findings suggest the limited role of kinaesthetic-proprioceptive information in disambiguating visually perceived direction of self-motion and indicate that vision might be tuned to the (expanding) optic flow patterns prevalent in everyday life.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Visual perceptual abilities'

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