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Lee, Beth, and n/a. "The relationship of visual information processing to interpretation of graphs." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060816.170409.
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The aim of this field study was to investigate the relationship between
visual information processing skills of Australian Capital Territory Year 1 1
and 12 T mathematics students and their capabilities in interpreting
information presented in graphical form.
A random sample of 37 T mathematics classes, comprising 621 Year 11 and
12 students were tested for their ability to interpret graphical information
presented in two contexts. The first entailed the context provided by
standard mathematics questions as seen in recent Australian mathematics
student texts; the second context required students to transfer their visual
information processing skills to situations unfamiliar to them, but
requiring similar interpretive skills to the first context.
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Ray, Nicola. "Visual sensory processing skills in dyslexia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531804.
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Town, Christopher Phillip. "Ontology based visual information processing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614908.
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Saleem, Aman. "Information processing in visual systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5531.
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One of the goals of neuroscience is to understand how animals perceive sensory information. This thesis focuses on visual systems, to unravel how neuronal structures process aspects of the visual environment. To characterise the receptive field of a neuron, we developed spike-triggered independent component analysis. Alongside characterising the receptive field of a neuron, this method provides an insight into its underlying network structure. When applied to recordings from the H1 neuron of blowflies, it accurately recovered the sub-structure of the neuron. This sub-structure was studied further by recording H1's response to plaid stimuli. Based on the response, H1 can be classified as a component cell. We then fitted an anatomically inspired model to the response, and found the critical component to explain H1's response to be a sigmoid non-linearity at output of elementary movement detectors. The simpler blowfly visual system can help us understand elementary sensory information processing mechanisms. How does the more complex mammalian cortex implement these principles in its network? To study this, we used multi-electrode arrays to characterise the receptive field properties of neurons in the visual cortex of anaesthetised mice. Based on these recordings, we estimated the cortical limits on the performance of a visual task; the behavioural performance observed by Prusky and Douglas (2004) is within these limits. Our recordings were carried out in anaesthetised animals. During anaesthesia, cortical UP states are considered "fragments of wakefulness" and from simultaneous whole-cell and extracellular recordings, we found these states to be revealed in the phase of local field potentials. This finding was used to develop a method of detecting cortical state based on extracellular recordings, which allows us to explore information processing during different cortical states. Across this thesis, we have developed, tested and applied methods that help improve our understanding of information processing in visual systems.
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O'Connell, Thomas. "Visual information processing : tennis volleying strategy /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25691.pdf.
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Nicholas, Julian Jesuratnam. "Information processing in #parallel' visual pathways." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386633.
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Nash, Michelle. "Menstrual cycle and visual information processing /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2757.pdf.
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Schläpfer, Thomas Eduard. "Early stages of visual information processing /." [S.l : s.n.], 1988. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Nash, Michelle. "Menstrual Cycle and Visual Information Processing." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1966.
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This project examined the effects menstruation may have on visual attention in women. A recent study examined electroencephalographic (EEG) gender differences using a visual object recognition task. Results indicated certain EEG amplitudes (specifically, P300 and N400) are greater in women than men. This study extended the previous findings to determine if these increased EEG amplitudes vary across menstrual phases. Eighteen female participants participated in a series of 3 EEG recording sessions using the same visual object recognition task from the previous study; 18 male participants completed this task once. Analyses from 15 of the 18 female and 16 of the 18 male participants support the previous finding of larger P300 amplitudes in response to relevant stimuli for women compared with men. While there was no distinctive N400 component in this study, there was a late negative (LN) component which was found to vary significantly between men and women. In addition, multiple visual evoked potential (VEP) components varied significantly across the menstrual cycle. In particular, the N200 component appeared to provide greater differences between menstrual phases than either the P300 or LN components; however, the results varied greatly by head location. The differentiation found with VEP components in response to the pop-out task used in this study provide support for basic visual processing variation across the menstrual cycle and between genders.
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Folta, Kristian. "Neural mechanisms of lateralized visual information processing." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973557702.
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Barraclough, Nicholas Edward. "The neural processing of visual motion information." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395577.
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Ignatova, I. (Irina). "Processing of visual information by microvillar photoreceptors." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221526.
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Abstract
When one asks about the properties of visual signals stimulating nervous systems, the ultimate interest lies in determining how the signal is encoded and transferred across the receptor barrier, how much and what kind of information is passed further to the higher visual centers and what is lost. The research presented in this dissertation attempts to explore quantitatively some detailed aspects of information processing by microvillar photoreceptors.
Until recently, three methods were used to measure or estimate information transfer from the visual scene to the photoreceptor: Shannon’s information capacity, the closely related linear coherence rate and the compression entropy rate. In the first research article of this dissertation, a novel information calculation method based on principal component analysis, the mutual information rate, was developed. In the second publication, the influence of a physiological delay in the photoreceptor response on the information rate estimates by the Shannon method-related coherence rate algorithm was explored and a technique to compensate the associated error was proposed.
The third study addresses the question of whether photoreceptors can more efficiently transfer information arriving from natural sources than from common artificial visual stimuli. Natural stimuli have interesting statistical properties in the form of higher order correlations (HOC), arising from the presence of features representing surfaces, textures, and object boundaries. This problem was investigated in the most extensive study to date, using blowfly Calliphora vicina photoreceptors as a model. The individual photoreceptors encode input information by a form of Weber’s law, with the HOC in natural sequences reducing information transfer by decreasing the number of local contrast events that exceed the noise-imposed threshold.
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Emmott, Stephen J. "The visual processing of text." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1837.
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The results of an investigation into the nature of the visual information obtained from pages of text and used in the visual processing of text during reading are reported. An initial investigation into the visual processing of text by applying a computational model of early vision (MIRAGE: Watt & Morgan, 1985; Watt, 1988) to pages of text (Computational Analysis 1) is shown to extract a range of features from a text image in the representation it delivers, which are organised across a range of spatial scales similar to those spanning human vision. The features the model extracts are capable of supporting a structured set of text processing tasks of the type required in reading. From the findings of this analysis, a series of psychophysical and computational studies are reported which exan-dne whether the type of information used in the human visual processing of text can be described by this modelled representation of information in text images. Using a novel technique to measure the 'visibility' of the information in text images, a second stage of investigation (Experiments 1-3) shows that information used to perform different text processing tasks of the type performed in reading is contained at different spatial scales of visual analysis. A second computational analysis of the information in text demonstrates how the spatial scale dependency of these text processing tasks can be accounted for by the model of early vision. In a third stage, two further experiments (Experiments 4-5) show how the pattern of text processing performance is determined by typographical parameters, and a third computational analysis of text demonstrates how changes in the pattern of text processing performance can be modelled by changes in the pattern of information represented by the model of vision. A fourth stage (Experiments 6-7 and Computational Analysis 4) examines the time-course of the visual processing of text. The experiments show how the duration required to reach a level of visual text processing performance varies as a function of typographical parameters, and comparison of these data with the model shows that this is consistent with a time-course of visual analysis based on a coarse-to-fine spatial scale of visual processing. A final experiment (Experiment 8) examines how reading performance varies with typographical parameters. It is shown how the pattern of reading performance and the pattern of visual text processing performance are related, and how the model of early vision might describe the visual processing of text in reading. The implications of these findings for theories of reading and theories of vision are finally discussed.
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Chmiel, N. R. J. "Attention and selection in processing multidimensional visual information." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371515.
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Snowden, Robert Jefferson. "The integration of motion information in visual processing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292914.
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Stein, Timo. "Visual processing of social information during interocular suppression." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16547.
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Wir untersuchten die Verarbeitung sozial relevanter visueller Reize während “continuous flash suppression” (CFS), einer besonders wirkungsvollen Technik der interokularen Unterdrückung, die benutzt wird um Reize unsichtbar zu machen. In den Studien 1–6 maßen wir die Dauer der perzeptuellen Unterdrückung während CFS um zu testen, ob sozial relevante Reize bevorzugten Zugang zum visuellen Bewusstsein haben. Studie 1 zeigte, dass die Detektion von Gesichtern bei Erwachsenen durch Gesichtsmerkmale beeinflusst wird, welche auch Blickpräferenzen von Neugeborenen beeinflussen. Studie 2 zeigte, dass Gesichtsdetektion durch die Ethnie und Altersgruppe des zu detektierenden Gesichtes beeinflusst wird. In Studie 3 fanden wir größere Effekte der Inversion auf die Detektion von menschlichen Gesichtern und Körpern als auf andere vertraute Objekte. In Studie 4 fanden wir, dass Gesichter mit direktem Blick schneller detektiert werden als Gesichter mit abgewandtem Blick. Studie 5 deckte einen konfundieren Faktor in schematischen emotionalen Gesichtern auf. In Studie 6 fanden wir, dass die schnellere Detektion von furchtsamen im Vergleich zu neutralen Gesichtern auf hohen Raumfrequenzen beruht. Studie 7 zeigte, dass die Messung der visuellen Detektion während CFS keinen eindeutigen Nachweis für unbewusste Verarbeitung unter CFS erbringen kann. In den Studien 8 und 9 maßen wir deshalb Adaptations-Nacheffekte von Reizen, die durch CFS dauerhaft unsichtbar gemacht wurden. Studie 8 zeigte, dass lediglich monokulare Komponenten der Gesichtsform-Adaptation unbewusst ablaufen können, während komplexere Komponenten auf visuelles Bewusstsein angewiesen sind. Studie 9 zeigte, dass nur größenabhängige Komponenten von Blickrichtungen unbewusst repräsentiert werden können, während objektzentrierte Repräsentationen von Blickrichtungen visuelles Bewusstsein benötigen.<br>We studied the processing of socially relevant visual stimuli during continuous flash suppression (CFS), a potent interocular suppression technique that we used to render stimuli invisible. In Studies 1–6, we measured the duration of perceptual suppression during CFS to test whether socially relevant stimuli have privileged access to visual awareness. Study 1 demonstrated that face detection in adult observers is modulated by facial properties previously shown to modulate looking preferences in newborns. Study 2 revealed own-race and own-age biases in face detection, indicating that visual awareness of faces is shaped by visual experience with one’s own social group. In Study 3, we found larger effects of stimulus inversion on the detection of human faces and bodies than for other familiar objects, suggesting that detection mechanisms are preferentially tuned to conspecifics. Study 4 showed that faces with direct gaze are detected more quickly than faces with averted gaze. Study 5 revealed a confounding factor in schematic emotional faces that are considered to be well-controlled visual stimuli. In Study 6, we found that faster detection of fearful compared to neutral faces relies on high spatial frequencies, arguing against a functional role of a subcortical pathway to the amygdala. Study 7 showed that measures of visual detection during CFS cannot provide unequivocal evidence for unconscious processing under CFS. In Studies 8 and 9 we therefore measured adaptation aftereffects from stimuli rendered permanently invisible by CFS. In Study 8, we measured face shape aftereffects and found that only low-level monocular components of face shape adaptation can proceed unconsciously, whereas higher-level components depend on visual awareness. Study 9 revealed that only size-dependent low-level components of eye gaze can be represented unconsciously, while object-centered higher-level representations of eye gaze directions require visual awareness.
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Brent, Peter John. "Early visual processing of luminance and spectral information." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46681.
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Turcsány, Diána. "Deep learning models of biological visual information processing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35561/.
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Improved computational models of biological vision can shed light on key processes contributing to the high accuracy of the human visual system. Deep learning models, which extract multiple layers of increasingly complex features from data, achieved recent breakthroughs on visual tasks. This thesis proposes such flexible data-driven models of biological vision and also shows how insights regarding biological visual processing can lead to advances within deep learning. To harness the potential of deep learning for modelling the retina and early vision, this work introduces a new dataset and a task simulating an early visual processing function and evaluates deep belief networks (DBNs) and deep neural networks (DNNs) on this input. The models are shown to learn feature detectors similar to retinal ganglion and V1 simple cells and execute early vision tasks. To model high-level visual information processing, this thesis proposes novel deep learning architectures and training methods. Biologically inspired Gaussian receptive field constraints are imposed on restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) to improve the fidelity of the data representation to encodings extracted by visual processing neurons. Moreover, concurrently with learning local features, the proposed local receptive field constrained RBMs (LRF-RBMs) automatically discover advantageous non-uniform feature detector placements from data. Following the hierarchical organisation of the visual cortex, novel LRF-DBN and LRF-DNN models are constructed using LRF-RBMs with gradually increasing receptive field sizes to extract consecutive layers of features. On a challenging face dataset, unlike DBNs, LRF-DBNs learn a feature hierarchy exhibiting hierarchical part-based composition. Also, the proposed deep models outperform DBNs and DNNs on face completion and dimensionality reduction, thereby demonstrating the strength of methods inspired by biological visual processing.
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Törnquist, Alba Lucia. "Visual outcome, ocular findings, and visual processing skills after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-809-9/.
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Judge, Jeannie. "Visual-motor behaviour and phonological processing skills in adults with developmental dyslexia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403213.
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Batley, Susan. "Visual information retrieval : browsing strategies in pictorial databases." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=130735.
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This research is concerned with the retrieval of visual or pictorial information from videodisc databases. Videodisc technology has made automated storage and retrieval of high quality visual information possible. A problem is that traditional keyword or text access to pictorial information may be inappropriate if the type of information sought cannot be readily described in words. An answer may be to encourage visual searching or browsing. The challenge lies in creating flexible retrieval systems which will both maximise search efficiency and accommodate the individual user. An experimental retrieval environment was developed to examine visual information search strategies. This system allowed for three search types: keyword search, specific browsing, and scanning. Over two experiments visual information search and browsing strategies were identified and characterised: seeking, focused exploring, open exploring, and wandering. In addition, five factors which influence visual information search strategies were identified: the nature of the information itself, database structure, the task or information need, the user, and the interface. This research combines elements of information retrieval and human factors to point to ways in which visual information retrieval systems can be developed which will meet the needs of their users. System design must take account of individual search behaviour and utilise knowledge of the factors which influence user interaction with the system in the search and retrieval process.
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Dumitrascu, Nicolae. "The Impact of Induced Mood on Visual Information Processing." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321490234.
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Monzani, Benny. "Heritability and visual information processing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/heritability-and-visual-information-processing-in-body-dysmorphic-disorder(afa1e779-4658-4ff3-af46-ce4a18eaf4f8).html.
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder characterised by an excessive preoccupation with a perceived defect in physical appearance, associated with significant distress and/or functional impairment as well as markedly high suicide rates. Its aetiology remains largely unknown, though believed to be related to a complex interplay of genetic, neurobiological, psychological and socio-‐cultural factors. Despite the alarmingly high suicide rates and the severity of this illness, BDD is widely under-diagnosed and under-investigated compared to other psychiatric conditions. The distinct studies included in this PhD will address some core questions about the heritability of BDD and its etiological relation to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Related Disorders (OCRDs); the current thesis also aims to investigate holistic visual processing in BDD. Specifically, using twin modelling methods, Studies 1 to 4 aimed to examine the heritability of BDD symptoms and skin picking behaviours in a large twin sample and to estimate the extent to which BDD shares genetic and environmental risk factors with other OCRDs (i.e. OCD, Hoarding Disorder, Trichotillomania and Skin Picking Disorder). Clinical observations, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggest a tendency of BDD patients to selectively attend to details and excessively focus on minor flaws in physical appearance. Hence, the aim of Study 5 was to investigate the integrity of holistic visual processes in 25 BDD, compared to 25 healthy controls, using the inversion, composite, and navon tasks. The results of Studies 1 to 4 showed that BDD and OCRDs symptoms are moderately heritable traits, sharing a complex genetic architecture. Study 5 provided converging evidence from three experimental paradigms to suggest intact global visual processing in BDD. The findings have important implications for guiding genetic research and the study of environmental risk factors for BDD and OCRDs as well as for encouraging further examination of visual processing in BDD.
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Korvala, T. (Tapio), and H. (Hannu) Raappana. "Open visual guidance system for mobile senior citizen." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201505211603.
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The elderly citizen’s health care need some radical changes and improvements to alleviate the situation where the quality of service must be enhanced without overburdening the caregivers under the weighty workload. Much of research is done and many researchers all around the world emphasize the importance of assistive technologies. Current technological advancements in communication allow us to build systems which could be useful tools for the caregivers and allow the elderly to live more autonomous and active life. Offering stimulus to the elderly to experience with the technology could lessen the feel of social isolation and ameliorate the quality of service significantly. Shrinking electronics, mobiles and sensors do not bound the use only in homes or facilities, but allow the use in many different environments. While using technology of this kind, the caregivers could give guidance or follow the health status of a mobile elderly citizen in remote fashion and give help if needed. This thesis is also immersing in the matter by producing a Visual Guidance system that utilizes current mobile technology, actuators, sensors and uses a virtual reality as a communication medium between the caregivers and elderly citizens.
The system consists of two different parts combined together to form a real-time communication system between caregivers and elderly citizen. The system uses Android smart phone’s built-in sensors to track the movement of the elderly. Those sensors are location based sensors such as GPS and acceleration and magnetometer sensors. This system provides an open map view of the world where the elderly citizen move. Also to improve the communication between the elderly and caregiver, video and audio communication has been used as one of our research aims. The caregiver can remotely use the smart phone to open video and audio communication with the elderly if needed. The system has been integrated with indicator base smart glasses so that when the elderly citizen are on the move, the caregiver can give directional advices on where and when to go.
The authors used integration testing to evaluate the system and comparing the current system functions with the requirements of the system. Also the authors made sure that the delay with communication was small enough so it would be safe for the caregivers to communicate with the elderly citizen.
For future work we suggested various actions such as integrating indicator based glasses with the Pupil Pro glasses, finding the most appropriate security solutions for the system and testing the system with real-life caregivers and elderly citizen.
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Wille, Claudia [Verfasser]. "Audio-Visual Information Processing across different age groups / Claudia Wille." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120042321/34.
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Carscadden, Judith Leslie. "Alcohol effects on visual attention, the impact of information processing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65226.pdf.
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Hoffman, LaVae Marie. "Visual information processing in children with and without language impairment /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Li, Xiaofeng. "Information processing and distribution in the fly early visual system." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2217/.
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Evolution shapes biological systems to better match their desired functions. Hence, we can assume that sensory systems are adapted to optimize information processing. Nevertheless surprisingly little is known about how sensory systems are optimised, or organised, in relation to the information sampling and processing they perform. In particular, our understanding is limited on certain fundamental issues: (1) what are the roles of individual ionchannels in coding information in specialised neural networks, (2) how does information transfer through synapses, and (3) how are different types of information (motion/colour) routed and processed for higher order visual functions. Dipteran compound eyes provide highly useful model systems for examining the basic mechanisms involved in visual information processing; in particular, for assessing how graded potentials code visual information. For this thesis, I have performed extracellular and intracellular recordings from photoreceptors and their primary interneurones, large monopolar cells (LMC), in Calliphora and Drosophila, to investigate the three essential questions mentioned above. This thesis provides systematic characterisations of: (1) Drosophila dSK channels, small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels; (2) Adapting dynamics of postsynaptic quantal bumps in the first visual synapse in Calliphora; (3) in vivo spectral sensitivities of Drosophila R1-R6 photoreceptors and LMCs in wild-type and in selected mutant and transgenic flies. Together with collaborations inside/outside our laboratory, my study: (1) identified the functional roles and gain control of dSK channels in the first synaptic circuits in the fly eye and also clarified how intrinsic activities of neural network compensates for missing or faulty ion channels; (2) characterised how postsynaptic unitary voltage events (or bumps) adapted dynamically to maximize the rate of information transfer at the fly first visual synapse; 3) provided the first in vivo spectral sensitivity functions of Drosophila R1-R6 photoreceptors and LMCs, and demonstrated that functional inputs, from photoreceptors that have different spectral sensitivities, improve motion discrimination and robustness of perception.
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Jack, Anthony Ian. "Perceptual awareness in visual masking." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313804.
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Hiltunen, T. (Tuomas). "Learning and teaching programming skills in finnish primary schools:the potential of games." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605221873.
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Teaching and learning of programming skills is becoming a mandatory part of Finnish primary school curriculum in the fall of 2016. Teaching of these skills will start from the grade one. The decision of starting teaching programming skills for 6–12 year old students is creating a new situation to the field of basic education in Finland. The current situation is creating challenges for teachers, students and for the planning of the new curriculum. It seems that currently there is not much existing official information and material for Finnish class- teachers considering teaching programming skills. In this study I am trying to map out the new situation from the point of view of teachers. The main research question of this study is: What is the role and importance of teaching and learning programming skills in Finnish primary schools?
For this thesis I have reviewed existing literature on the learning and teaching of programming for school children. As a research method I have used qualitative content analysis for analyzing the results of the interviews with teachers. I have mapped out their opinions and suggestions considering the teaching of programming skills, why it is important and how it could be taught. The role of games or game-based environments has been strongly recognized in this study. I have also tried to clarify the position of programming as a learning subject in Finnish basic education. In this study, I am concentrating on learning and teaching of programming skills at grades 1–6 at Finnish primary schools. As results, I will point out that the teaching and learning of programming skills in basic education can be beneficial for society and for the development of children’s cognitive skills, but there are also many challenges involved. In addition, I am introducing two frameworks based on the gathered data.
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Deng, C. (Canrong). "Multi user support for senior citizen visual guidance system." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201603251353.
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Due to the population aging phenomenon, the working-age population will decline in the future while the seniors’ quality of life can decline. A lot of research has been done and many of researchers figure out modern ICT and mobile technology needs to shoulder more responsibility in elderly care. The benefit of science and technology should be brought to senior citizens’ life.
Moreover, the smartphone ownership rate has been increasing in recent years, espe- cially the percentage of Android phone ownership. Because elders will take smart- phone everywhere, installing an application in senior citizen’s Android phone is a good way to track their movements. The caregivers could give guidance remotely to elders based on their location and surrounding environment scene by using mobile technology of this kind.
The multi user support for senior citizen visual guidance system consists of five components: Android phone, Pupil headset, Indicator-based Glasses, OldBirds and web server part. The system uses the Pupil headset to capture senior citizen’s font view and transfer it to OldBirds part which is controlled by caregivers. Furthermore, the Indicator-based glasses are used to show the guidance orders given by remotely caregivers. The web server part is transfer station between Android phone and OldBirds part.
Google Cloud Messaging service has already been integrated into this system so that caregivers can directly give guidance orders to senior citizens about when and where to go.
For future work I suggest, from the hardware perspective, to connect Pupil headset’s world camera and eye camera together by a USB hub. Furthermore, I recommend to combine Pupil headset and Indicator-based glasses together to remove the need for Bluetooth connection.
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Tiiro, A. (Arttu). "Effect of visual realism on cybersickness in virtual reality." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201802091218.
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Virtual reality has been developing rapidly and gaining popularity in the past years as new devices and applications have been released. It is utilized in many fields like entertainment, health and science. Virtual reality is characterized by head-mounted devices that can immerse the user to the virtual environment, but it has been found out to cause an undesirable side-effect called cybersickness. Cybersickness has been studied vastly for many years and it has roots in simulators and motion sickness studies. Cybersickness has many symptoms including nausea, headache, eye stress and dizziness. There are many factors that can cause cybersickness, but the root cause is still unclear whether it is caused by a mismatch between visual and vestibular system or by instabilities in posture.
With modern devices and applications, visual realism has been developing far from the first wave of virtual reality in the 1990s, but there are not many studies that have been linking it to cybersickness. In this study, three graphical styles with different levels of graphical realism are compared to find out if high visual realism causes cybersickness. Cybersickness is measured with questionnaires that have become the standard in cybersickness studies. Results have been analyzed with quantitative methods.
Results of the study indicate higher visual realism causes more cybersickness than lower visual realism. Increased level of detail in high visual realism graphics causes more visual flow and stronger sensory mismatches that causes cybersickness. Reduced details also reduce depth cues in the graphics and does not cause as strong mismatches between visual and vestibular systems.
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Musarra, Nancy Lynn. "Information-processing skills related to working memory in individuals with Asperger's disorder." ScholarWorks, 2005. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/hodgkinson/14.
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The present study examined information-processing (IP) deficits specific to the ability of individuals with Asperger's disorder (AD) to interpret and respond to nonverbal and verbal information inherent in social relationships as it relates to working memory capacity. Sixty boys between the ages of 11.0 and 15.7 years (30 diagnosed with AD [Group A], and 30 typically developing, same-age peers [Group T]) were assessed using the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C). The present study combined theories from cognitive, neurological, and clinical psychology, isolated specific working memory components, and identified a connection between working memory capacity and the social skill deficiencies of individuals with AD. Three working memory scores (i.e., verbal [PL], visual-spatial [VSSP], and complex [CE]) were compared between the two groups using ANOVA. All working memory differences examined between the two groups in the present study were statistically different. The effect sizes of differences between Groups A and T for PL, VSSP, and CE were .397, .279, and .627, respectively. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that working memory is a specific IP deficit of individuals with AD. Findings suggest that by targeting remedial efforts to enhance working memory capacity, individuals with AD can more effectively engage in complex IP tasks, participate in reciprocal social interactions, and thereby create social change. Future research needs to expand upon the connection between working memory capacity and the social deficiencies of individuals with Asperger's disorder.
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Evans, Greg. "Concurrent processing of visual and auditory information : an assessment of parallel versus sequential processing models /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe922.pdf.
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Inman, Laura Anne. "Visual information processing during self-motion : neural mechanisms investigated using fMRI." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633002.
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The research reported in this thesis aimed to further the understanding of brain regions implicated in the visual processing that supports self-motion. Four fMRI investigations were conducted. The first three investigations were focused on exploring the functional response properties of the dorso-medial superior parietal lobule (dmSPL). This region was previously implicated in processing so-called 'future path' information during locomotion, but Experiment I refuted this hypothesis, and suggested that dmSPL processes a more general type of visual information. Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed the region was not specialised for visual self-motion processing, and suggested the novel idea that the region is implicated in processing the changing visual distances and angles between objects (relative position). This is a valuable type of information processing in the context of supporting self-motion, and this hypothesis can also explain published reports of dmSPL activation from multiple contexts. However, an alternative view of the region, which data presented here cannot rule out is that dmSPL is active whenever spatial attention is shared between multiple locations. In contrast to the first three studies, Experiment 4 was an exploratory study of the functional properties of the putative human ventral intraparietal region (hVIP). Previous reports of the region suggested that it responds to optic-flow produced by self-motion. Although this was observed in this investigation, activation was further raised in response to simulated motion of objects in the environment. Importantly, when the visual motion of an object was clearly due to the self-motion of the observer, signal change in h VIP was not raised relative to that to simulated optic-flow alone. Considering these results in the context of the literature, it is possible that h VIP is primarily responsive when object motion occurs in the near-space around the observer, indicating potential collision, although further investigation is needed to verify this.
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Tooze, Alana. "Visual information processing by high functioning individuals with autistic spectrum condition." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/347433/.
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People with Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) have sometimes been found to show a local-processing bias on certain visual tasks. This bias has been associated with superior task performance on tasks where it confers an advantage. However, this finding is far from universal; especially when the research participants with ASC have an average to above average level of general intellectual functioning. This thesis comprises a literature review of research examining the processing of visual information by people with ASC, and an empirical paper examining the performance of people with ASC on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. The literature review considers various models of ASC with the predictions they make for processing of complex visual stimuli. The evidence which supports or refutes these theories is described. Several methodologies have been used to explore visual processing in people with ASC and the information and understanding which each methodology has provided is discussed. Finally, the literature review considers what still remains unknown, and potential directions for future research. The empirical paper is a quantitative study using the Boston Qualitative Scoring System and eye tracking methodology to investigate the potential presence of a local-processing bias, evidenced by increased lower level cognitive processing during completion of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. A local-processing bias was not found. This study does not support the presence of this bias in high functioning individuals with ASC. The study findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature and the Underconnectivity Hypothesis of ASC.
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Aboudib, Ala. "Neuro-inspired Architectures for the Acquisition and Processing of Visual Information." Thesis, Télécom Bretagne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELB0419/document.
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L'apprentissage automatique et la vision par ordinateur sont deux sujets de recherche d'actualité. Des contributions clés à ces domaines ont été les fruits de longues années d'études du cortex visuel et de la fonction des réseaux cérébraux. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la conception des architectures neuro-inspirées pour le traitement de l'information sur trois niveaux différents du cortex visuel. Au niveau le plus bas, nous proposons un réseau de neurones pour l'acquisition des signaux visuels. Ce modèle est étroitement inspiré par le fonctionnement et l'architecture de la retine et les premières couches du cortex visuel chez l'humain. Il est également adapté à l'émulation des mouvements oculaires qui jouent un rôle important dans notre vision. Au niveau le plus haut, nous nous intéressons à la mémoire. Nous traitons un modèle de mémoire associative basée sur une architecture neuro-inspirée dite `Sparse Clustered Network (SCN)'. Notre contribution principale à ce niveau est de proposer une amélioration d'un algorithme utilisé pour la récupération des messages partiellement effacés du SCN. Nous suggérons également une formulation générique pour faciliter l'évaluation des algorithmes de récupération, et pour aider au développement des nouveaux algorithmes. Au niveau intermédiaire, nous étendons l'architecture du SCN pour l'adapter au problème de la mise en correspondance des caractéristiques d'images, un problème fondamental en vision par ordinateur. Nous démontrons que la performance de notre réseau atteint l'état de l'art, et offre de nombreuses perspectives sur la façon dont les architectures neuro-inspirées peuvent servir de substrat pour la mise en oeuvre de diverses tâches de vision<br>Computer vision and machine learning are two hot research topics that have witnessed major breakthroughs in recent years. Much of the advances in these domains have been the fruits of many years of research on the visual cortex and brain function. In this thesis, we focus on designing neuro-inspired architectures for processing information along three different stages of the visual cortex. At the lowest stage, we propose a neural model for the acquisition of visual signals. This model is adapted to emulating eye movements and is closely inspired by the function and the architecture of the retina and early layers of the ventral stream. On the highest stage, we address the memory problem. We focus on an existing neuro-inspired associative memory model called the Sparse Clustered Network. We propose a new information retrieval algorithm that offers more flexibility and a better performance over existing ones. Furthermore, we suggest a generic formulation within which all existing retrieval algorithms can fit. It can also be used to guide the design of new retrieval approaches in a modular fashion. On the intermediate stage, we propose a new way for dealing with the image feature correspondence problem using a neural network model. This model deploys the structure of Sparse Clustered Networks, and offers a gain in matching performance over state-of-the-art, and provides a useful insight on how neuro-inspired architectures can serve as a substrate for implementing various vision tasks
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Dobson, Michael William. "Information enforcement in learning with graphics : improving syllogistic reasoning skills." [n.p.], 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Oswald, Donald P. "Social information processing in aggressive and withdrawn preschool children." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54397.
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In recent years, considerable attention has been given to a social information processing model as a means of understanding interaction patterns in children. Within the framework of that model, systematic biases have been found in the manner in which aggressive children process social information. The present study sought to extend that literature by applying the model to younger children, by examining the processing of withdrawn, as well as aggressive, children, and by employing traditional affect recognition tasks as the stimuli.
Sixty preschool children were nominated by their classroom teachers as either aggressive, withdrawn, or well adjusted, according to their predominant interaction style. The children were then tested, using a set of affect recognition tasks which assessed stimulus encoding and interpretation. Stimuli consisted of facial expression photos and context stories portraying one of four emotions (Happy, Sad, Mad, or Neutral). The hypotheses of the study predicted systematic biases in stimulus encoding and interpretation, consistent with the subjects’ behavioral style.
Analyses failed to support the hypotheses in that the groups failed to show identifiable systematic biases. Exploratory analyses revealed that subgroups of subjects demonstrated such biases, but those biases were related only to level of developmental maturity. The discussion of the findings explored issues which may have led to the negative results. Further research directions were also discussed which will help to clarify the questions raised by the present study.<br>Ph. D.
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Eriksson, Emil. "Distributed Processing of Visual Features in Wireless Sensor Networks." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Nätverk och systemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207094.
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As digital cameras are becoming both cheaper and more advanced, they are also becoming more common both as part of hand-held and consumer devices, and as dedicated surveillance devices. The still images and videos collected by these cameras can be used as input to computer vision algorithms for performing tracking, scene understanding, navigation, etc. The performance of such computer vision tasks can be improved by having multiple cameras observing the same events. However, large scale deployment of camera networks is difficult in areas without access to infrastructure for providing power and network connectivity. In this thesis we consider the use of a network of camera equipped sensor nodes as a cost efficient alternative to conventional camera networks. To overcome the computational limitations of the sensor nodes, we enhance the sensor network with dedicated processing nodes, and process images in parallel using multiple processing nodes. In the first part of the thesis, we formulate the minimization problem of the time required from image capture until the visual features are extracted from the image. The solution to the minimization problem is an allocation of sub-areas of a captured image to a subset of the processing nodes, which perform the feature extraction. We use the temporal correlation of the image contents to predict an approximation of the distribution of visual features in a captured image. Based on the approximate distribution, we compute an approximate solution to the minimization problem using linear programming. We show that the last value predictor gives a good trade-off between performance and computational complexity. In the second part of the thesis, we propose fully distributed algorithms for allocation of image sub-areas to the processing nodes in a multi-camera Visual Sensor Network. The algorithms differ in the amount of information available and in how allocation updates are applied. We provide analytical results on the existence of equilibrium allocations, and show that an equilibrium allocation may not be optimal. We show that fully distributed algorithms are most efficient when sensors make asynchronous changes to their allocations, and in topologies with less symmetry. However, with the addition of sparse coordination, both average and worst-case performance can be improved significantly.<br>Allt eftersom digitalkameror blir både billigare och mer avancerade blir de också vanligare i handhållna enheter, i hemelektronik och som dedikerad övervakningsutrustning. Algoritmer för datorseende kan användas på stillbilderna och videoklippen som samlas in av dessa kameror för objektidentifiering, scenförståelse, navigering, mm. Genom att använda data från flera kameror som observerar samma händelser kan prestandan hos dessa datorseendealgoritmer förbättras. Utplacering av kameranätverk är emellertid svårt i områden utan tillgång till infrastruktur som kan tillhandahålla elektricitet och nätverksanslutning. I denna avhandling studerar vi nätverk av kamerautrustade sensornoder som ett kostnadseffektivt alternativ till konventionella kameranätverk. För att övervinna beräkningsbegränsningarna hos sensornoderna förstärker vi sensornätverket med dedikerade beräkningsnoder och bearbetar bilder parallellt i flera beräkningsnoder. I den första delen av avhandlingen formulerar vi minimeringsproblemet för den tid som krävs från bildupptagning tills en representation av den visuella informationen extraheras från bilden. Lösningen till minimeringsproblemet är en fördelning av delområden av en infångad bild till en delmängd av beräkningsnoderna. Beräkningsnoderna bearbetar bilderna för att ta fram representationen av den visuella informationen. Vi använder den tidsmässiga korrelationen av bildinnehållet för att förutsäga en approximation av fördelningen av visuell information i en infångad bild. Baserat på den ungefärliga fördelningen beräknar vi en approximativ lösning på minimeringsproblemet med hjälp av linjärprogrammering. Vi visar att det går att får en bra kompromiss mellan prestanda och beräkningskomplexitet genom att använda det visuella innehållet i tidigare bildrutor för att förutsäga innehållet i kommande bildrutor. I den andra delen av avhandlingen föreslår vi helt distribuerade algoritmer för tilldeling av delar av bilder till beräkningsnoder i ett visuellt sensornätverk. Algoritmerna skiljer sig i mängden tillgänglig information och hur uppdateringar av tilldelningar verkställs. Vi tillhandahåller analytiska resultat för förekomsten av jämviktstilldelningar och visar att en given jämviktstilldelning inte nödvändigtvis är optimal. Vi visar även att fullt distribuerade algoritmer är mest effektiva när sensornoder gör asynkrona förändringar i sina tilldelningar och i mindre symmetriska topologier. Genom att lägga till gles koordination kan prestandan förbättras avsevärt både i genomsnitt och i värsta fall.<br><p>QC 20170516</p>
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McGee, Christie L. "Social information processing skills in children with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3354845.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 16, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-134).
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Greening, Sarah Jane. "An information processing approach to the performance of perceptually guided action." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843037/.
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The series of experiments reported in this thesis concern the ability to make perceptual-motor judgements of distance (Ex. 1 to Ex. 7) and size (Ex. 8). Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that visual judgements of maximum step length were effected by; distance from the site of action, the angle at which the obstacle was presented and whether monocular or binocular vision was used. This suggested that perceived maximum ability was not based on a body scaled invariant as suggested by Gibson (1979). Experiments 3 and 4 were designed to investigate the effect of altering the length of distance to-be-remembered, and compared performance across both visual and kinaesthetic conditions. The results suggested that the reproduction of distance is normally based on memory for the location of the end point, rather than the extent of the distance. No support was found for the claim that differences between the accuracy of recall of location and extent was due to the differential rehearsability of visual and kinaesthetic codes. Instead, it was proposed that changes in the procedure may have influenced performance by reducing the usefulness of a 'landmark' based form of coding in the extent trials. Experiments 5 and 6 were designed to investigate predictions arising from one of the dominant models of cross-modal performance (Connolly and Jones, 1970). Connolly and Jones's model postulated that differences between intra- and cross-modal performance could be explained in terms of the characteristics of modality specific short-term storage codes, and that translation between codes occurs prior to short-term storage. In general the results obtained were supportive of the pattern of accuracy reported by Connolly and Jones. However, the effect of delaying until the end of the retention interval knowledge of the reproduction mode was inconsistent with the model, that is, withholding information about the required reproduction mode appeared to increase the accuracy of judgements. One explanation for this effect is that pre-translated information was held in a form which was associated with high levels of both accuracy and attention. This speculative explanation was seen to have parallels with the Working Memory model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974). Experiments 7 and 8 used an interference task paradigm to investigate whether a separate visuo-spatial store could be demonstrated to exist in relation to perceptual-motor information. The results failed to find conclusive support for such a store. The cumulative findings of Experiments 1 to 8 are discussed in relation general models of perceptual-motor performance.
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Elyada, Yishai Michael. "Intracellular processing of motion information in a network of blowfly visual interneurons." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-103255.
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Hoar, Sarah. "The effect of cognitive load on the processing of hierarchical visual information." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2014. http://research.gold.ac.uk/10642/.
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The visual world is organised hierarchically from global structure to local detail or from the ‘forest’ to the ‘trees’ (Navon, 1977; Palmer, 1975). The present thesis explores the effect of cognitive load on the processing of hierarchical visual information; specifically, we distinguish between the effects of cognitive load on i) whether observers are biased toward prioritising global structure or local detail; ii) the ability to select local and global information, as relevant to tasks or behavioural goals. The main contributions of this thesis are to show that cognitive load i) affects perceptual bias by making observers less global and more local or, in other words, less likely to see the ‘forest’ for the ‘trees’, and ii) makes it more difficult to selectively attend to the least salient level of hierarchical information. These effects of cognitive load are likely exerted through separate mechanisms. With respect to perceptual bias, we suggest that cognitive load alters relative hemispheric activation and with it the relative priority afforded to global structure and local detail. With respect to selection, we suggest that cognitive load impairs cognitive control and makes it harder to prevent the processing of irrelevant-yet-salient hierarchical information. Taken together, the findings presented in this thesis suggest that cognitive load exerts significant effects on hierarchical processing, whether through effects on global-local perceptual bias or attentional selection of hierarchical information. As the visual world is structured hierarchically, whether it be the global scene as a whole or individual hierarchical structures such as words or faces, cognitive load – which can vary from person-to-person and within an individual circumstantially – could fundamentally affect how observers ‘see’ the visual world.
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Lao, Junpeng. "Tracking the temporal dynamics of cultural perceptual diversity in visual information processing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5055/.
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Human perception and cognition processing are not universal. Culture and experience markedly modulate visual information sampling in humans. Cross-cultural studies comparing between Western Caucasians (WCs) and East Asians (EAs) have shown cultural differences in behaviour and neural activities in regarding to perception and cognition. Particularly, a number of studies suggest a local perceptual bias for Westerners (WCs) and a global bias for Easterners (EAs): WCs perceive most efficiently the salient information in the focal object; as a contrast EAs are biased toward the information in the background. Such visual processing bias has been observed in a wide range of tasks and stimuli. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of such perceptual tunings, especially the temporal dynamic of different information coding, have yet to be clarified. Here, in the first two experiments I focus on the perceptual function of the diverse eye movement strategies between WCs and EAs. Human observers engage in different eye movement strategies to gather facial information: WCs preferentially fixate on the eyes and mouth, whereas EAs allocate their gaze relatively more on the center of the face. By employing a fixational eye movement paradigm in Study 1 and electroencephalographic (EEG) recording in study 2, the results confirm the cultural differences in spatial-frequency information tuning and suggest the different perceptual functions of preferred eye movement pattern as a function of culture. The third study makes use of EEG adaptation and hierarchical visual stimulus to access the cultural tuning in global/local processing. Culture diversity driven by selective attention is revealed in the early sensory stage. The results here together showed the temporal dynamic of cultural perceptual diversity. Cultural distinctions in the early time course are driven by selective attention to global information in EAs, whereas late effects are modulated by detail processing of local information in WC observers.
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Surdick, Robert Troy. "An analysis of visual depth cues across viewing distances." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30939.
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Michel, Rachel Keyes. "Visual perception, search, and attention." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29580.
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Gauthier, Karine. "Effect of information processing slowness on reading comprehension skills among traumatic brain injured children." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766560201&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Carnegie, Evelyn Mary. "The effectiveness of demonstration in conveying kinematic and kinetic information for skill acquisition." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338800.
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Raj, Pankaj. "Dynamic Visual Performance Characteristics of Elderly Drivers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78152.
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The objective of the present study was to understand how the visual and mental processes work in tandem to affect the overall information processing capability of the individual, especially the older population, in a dynamic visual task such as driving. More specifically, our aim was to understand how the different parameters related to display of visual information in an in-vehicle display system and the age of the subject affect the information processing performance. The effects of stimulus distance, target size, display time, bits of information and the age group of the subject (young versus old) on the reading performance (information processing ability) under photopic and scotopic viewing conditions were thoroughly investigated in this study. Fifty-six individuals (28 young, 28 elderly) from the Montgomery County region were tested in the study in a mixed factorial repeated measures design with age as between subjects and the other independent variables as within subjects. The dependent variable was the reading score, i.e., the number of letters correctly identified. Results obtained from this study revealed that all of the independent variables had significant effects on the reading performance of the participants, except ambient illumination. Specifically, age has an important influence on the specific values of the design parameters. Also, these parameters interact among themselves so that one can be used to compensate for the other. These results can be used for developing the most relevant and optimal in-vehicle visual displays for the older population.<br>Master of Science