Journal articles on the topic 'Visual impairment (VI)'
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1
Naipal, Shivani, and Nishanee Rampersad. "Visual ability in adolescents with visual impairment." British Journal of Visual Impairment 38, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619619892993.
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To investigate the visual ability (the ability to perform everyday tasks) of adolescents with visual impairment (VI) at the Arthur Blaxall School in Pietermaritzburg. This study was an observational, descriptive research study conducted at the Arthur Blaxall School for children and adolescents with VI. Students registered at the school aged between 10 and 19 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Visual ability was assessed with the Cardiff Visual Ability Questionnaire for Children (CVAQC). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample consisted of 70 participants with a mean age of 13.83 ± 2.28 years. The most common cause of VI was oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) followed by posterior segment disorders. The mean visual ability score was −0.27 ± 0.74 log units, and the most difficult tasks were reading the smallest print in textbooks and the chalkboard in the classroom. Males and participants aged 14–19 years had significantly better visual ability than females and participants aged 10–13 years, respectively. Participants with anterior segment disorders had the poorest visual ability while those with OCA had relatively better visual ability. The variation of visual ability and therefore quality of life, regardless of the cause of VI, needs to be considered when managing individuals with VI. Furthermore, younger adolescents may experience more difficulty coping with VI than older adolescents. The results of this study form a baseline for future studies to compare the visual ability of adolescents with VI attending mainstream schools.
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Al-Namaeh, Mashael. "Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly." Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology 10, no. 4 (February 24, 2022): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1438.
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Background: Aging is not a disease; rather, it is a process. As people age, visual impairment (VI) becomes more common. In 2010, the overall prevalence rate of vision impairment in all races was 25.66% in individuals aged ? 80 years, according to the estimate of the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health. This review aimed to address the common causes of VI in the elderly.
Methods: In this narrative review, an electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted using “visual impairment” and “elderly” for the period between January 2010 and April 2021, to include randomized clinical trials and observational studies concerning VI in the elderly. The selected time period was chosen to provide an updated review.
Results: The search yielded 2,955 articles published over the period of more than 11 years. The relevant randomized clinical trials or observational studies were included and reviewed. Cataracts, refractive errors, open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy were the most common age-related ocular disorders leading to VI if untreated in the elderly. The loss of visual acuity can adversely affect quality of life in the elderly. Difficulty with activities of daily living related to VI can lead to social isolation, depression, and anxiety. Loss of vision in the elderly is linked to an increased risk of falls, hip fracture, depression, and poor quality of life.
Conclusions: The most common causes of VI in the elderly are cataracts and refractive errors. VI in most ocular diseases is more prevalent in women than in men due to longer lifespan. The overall prevalence of the main causes of VI in the elderly is expected to increase; therefore, health policymakers should consider this when planning for the health-enhancement program of the population.
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Wrzesińska, Magdalena Agnieszka, Klaudia Tabała, and Patryk Stecz. "Gaming Behaviors among Polish Students with Visual Impairment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041545.
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The access of people with disabilities to digital solutions promotes their inclusion and participation in many aspects of life. Computer games based on hearing or haptic devices have been gaining popularity among persons with visual impairment (VI), and players tend to display improved spatial and abstract reasoning skills, as well as better social interaction and self-confidence, after playing these games. However, a recent survey suggested that excessive gaming could represent a public health concern as a harmful form of behavior in young people associated with risk factors of negative psychosomatic and physical complaints. Young persons with VI are regular users of various technologies, but little is still known about their media patterns. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the variables associated with gaming for adolescents with VI. The participants were 490 students, aged 13–24 years, from special schools for students with VI. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The current survey indicated a tendency towards excessive gaming in a significant proportion of young persons with VI. Sociodemographic variables are important in predicting gaming prevalence or screen time, but further research focused on establishing possible mediators (such as parental attitudes towards media) are necessary for identifying problematic gaming behaviors among students with VI.
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Bilal, R., and R. Alsuhaibani. "Orthodontists’ Attitude and Practice in the Provision of Orthodontic Treatment for Patients with Visual and Hearing Impairments." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 1465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551465.
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Aim: To determine the behavior and attitudes of orthodontists toward providing orthodontic care for patients with visual impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI). Method: This cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire that was completed by forty orthodontists. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions about past educational lectures and training in the field of special needs, as well as orthodontist’s enthusiasm, confidence, and experience in the provision of treatment for patients with special needs. A five point’s Likert scale was developed and used to determine the attitude of orthodontists towards providing orthodontic treatment for patients with visual impairment (VI Scale) and hearing impairment (HI Scale). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the orthodontist’s degrees and their country of postgraduate study in determining their general foundation and attitude towards special needs care. Furthermore, the total years of experience was found to be irrelevant. Orthodontists tended to have a more favorable attitude toward patients with HI than toward patients with VI. (P=0.007) Conclusion: People with sensory impairments cannot be considered a homogeneous group. Insight into the treatment needs for different groups of persons with disabilities is required in order to enhance treatment planning and the quality of life of these patients. Keywords: orthodontist; orthodontic treatment, behavior; attitude; patients; visual and hearing impairments.
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Swenor, Bonnielin, beatriz Munoz, and Eleanor M. Simonsick. "VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND ENGAGEMENT IN COGNITIVELY STIMULATING ACTIVITIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2432.
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Abstract We examined the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities using data from 924 participants in the Cognitive Vitality Sub-Study of the Health ABC Study. At Year 3 (baseline for these analyses), vision was assessed as: visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and stereo acuity (SA). Participation in cognitively stimulating activities was determined based on responses to 12 questions (administered at Years 3, 5, 7, and 9) assessing frequency of participation ranging from none to daily. We calculated the total number of activities engaged in at least monthly. In cross-sectional analyses adjusted for age, race, and sex, impaired VA (≤20/40, 8%), CS (<1.55, 5%), and SA (<80 secs arc, 29%) was associated with participation in fewer cognitive activities (β=-0.54, 95% CI:-1.06, -0.03; β=-0.59, 95% CI:-0.12, 0.06; β=-0.40, 95% CI:-0.81, -0.18, respectively). Longitudinally, change per year in the number of activities differed by baseline participation levels. Those participating in ≥5 activities at baseline (population median) had a significant decline in the number of activities, irrespective of VI status. However, for those participating in <5 activities at baseline, the increase in these activities tended to be lesser in the VI than in non-VI groups, and for SA this increase was significantly lower for the impaired group (βimpaired=0.004; 95% CI:-0.05, 0.05; βnot-impaired=0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.10; time x SA interaction p=0.0496). These data indicate that older adults with VI participate in fewer cognitive activities and the change in participation over time differs from than those without VI.
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Alison M, Mackay. "VEP visual acuity in children with cortical visual impairment." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 6, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijceo.1001047.
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Given improvements in neonatal care and the increased survival rates of infants born pre-term, Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is now the leading cause of visual impairment (VI) in the developed world. In this study, Step VEPS, transient VEPS and Vernier Sweep VEPs all demonstrated unbiased relationships with Preferential looking (PL) cards over the whole range of Visual Acuity (VA) in children with CVI, allowing equations for clinical use to be derived. The results also suggested that a slower, vernier steady-state stimulus of 80% contrast and presented with the Step VEP algorithm could further improve VA agreement with PL and optimise developmental sensitivity. An eye tracking device has proved very useful in the clinical assessment of this cohort. It is also now known that children can have good VA and CVI, and that sweep VEPS can highlight higher processing deficits. As well as negative findings, compensatory neuroplasticity is thought to occur during maturation and it is now realistic to study this mechanism, and other age-related changes across VI with functional tests and neuroimaging (including VEPS). A cross-sectional study of adults would highlight CVI’s ultimate functional limitations.
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Agnieszka Wrzesińska, Magdalena, Kamila Knol-Michałowska, Patryk Stecz, Monika Kopytowska, and Katarzyna Binder-Olibrowska. "Internet risky behaviours among youth with visual impairment." PeerJ 9 (November 30, 2021): e12376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12376.
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Background Young individuals with visual impairment (VI), exposed to higher risky of social exclusion, might be more prone to Internet risky behaviours including electronic aggression. Objective Different types of Internet risky behaviours and the average time spent online were investigated among students with VI. These behaviours were analyzed for the relationship with witnessing, perpetrating and becoming a victim of electronic aggression. Methods A total of 490 special needs school students with VI answered a self-administered questionnaire. The average time spent online, different types of risky Internet activities and electronic aggression were recorded, as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Results Male students downloaded software illegally, hacked, published and viewed sites with sexual content, and gambled online statistically more often than female counterparts. Concerning electronic aggression, more than half of participants were engaged as witnesses, every fifth student as a victim and 11.6% as perpetrators. Two sets of ordinal logistic regression analyses have shown that communication with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during weekends predicted significantly the risk of witnessing and being a victim of electronic aggression. Additionally, communicating with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during schooldays were associated with increased odds for engagement in electronic aggression as a perpetrator. Conclusions Population with VI is prone to risky Internet use and likely to be engaged in electronic aggression. New instruments and preventive strategies need to be developed, as well as diagnostic tools tailored specifically to the needs of young people with VI.
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Joseph, Mary-Anne M., and Mona Robinson. "Vocational Experiences of College-Educated Individuals with Visual Impairments." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.43.4.21.
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This article describes the vocational experiences of college-educated individuals with visual impairments (VI). The participants were 16 college graduates and college students with VI, ages 19-55 years. The data were derived from qualitative research of phenomenological case studies and focused on six primary themes: (a) employers' lack of knowledge about VI (b) the need for self-advocacy, (c) benefits and limitations of working in companies with primarily VI populations, (d) lack of work experience, (e) barriers posed by inaccessible technology, and (f) barriers related to lack of transportation. The results indicated that improvements in the following areas are vital to increase the vocational success of college-educated individuals with VI: (a) employers' education about visual impairment, (b) improved self-advocacy skills, (c) higher levels of vocational experience, and (d) improved access to technology and transportation.
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Elmadina, Abdelaziz M., Atif Babiker Ali, Saif H. Alrasheed, Sulaiman Aldakhil, Mohammed Alluwimi, and Roghia Abdarshead Derar. "Demographic Characteristics and Causes of Visual Impairment in the White Nile State of Sudan: A Hospital-based Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (June 30, 2022): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9028.
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Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) states that visual impairment (VI) is a reduction of vision functions due to eye diseases, trauma, and congenital eye conditions. Current estimates indicate that more than 90% of people with vision impairment live in rural and developing countries.
AIM: This study aimed to determine demographic characteristics and causes of visual impairment in the White Nile State of Sudan
METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study, including all patients attending Kosti and Rabak eye hospitals from January to December 2017, was conducted. A total of 1000 records were reviewed, 300 of them met the required criteria and then included in this study, with a mean age of 59.8 ± 18.5 (ranging from 10 to 95) years old. Visual impairment was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision, 2018 (ICD-11).
RESULTS: The prevalence of VI was found at 28.5 %. Based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 6 participants (2.0%) were mild VI, 32 (10.7%) had moderate VI, 152 (50.7%) had severe VI, and 110 (36.7%) were blind. VI was associated with patients' age in children (3.6%) and reached (48.3) in older age (P=0.001). VI was more common among males 158 (52.7%) than females but was statistically not significant (P=0.35). The main causes of VI were cataract (52%), refractive errors (20.7%), glaucoma (16.3%), corneal disorders (5.3%), diabetic retinopathy (1.7 %), and other causes (4%).
Conclusion Visual impairment was high in the community and more prevalent among older age. Cataract was the leading cause of VI, then refractive errors and glaucoma. Among children, uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts were the common leading causes of VI. In adults, the main causes were cataracts, uncorrected refractive errors, and glaucoma.
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da Cunha, Luana Dias, Mariana Almeida Melo Proença, Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues, Adriana Fátima Vasconcelos Pereira, and Bruno Braga Benatti. "Relationship between periodontal status and degree of visual impairment in institutionalized individuals." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 03 (July 2015): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.163322.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Periodontal disease is a set of inflammatory infections that affect the supporting structures of the dentition. Patients with visual impairment (VI) may have more difficulty in cleaning and maintaining oral health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between periodontal status and degree of VI in institutionalized individuals. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two visually impaired individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. The periodontal parameters assessed were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and visible plaque index. The degree of VI was established as: Group 1 (mild or moderate VI), Group 2 (severe or profound VI), and Group 3 (completely blind); and the types of VI were considered as congenital and acquired. Fisher's exact, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation coefficient test were used. The level of significance was set at 5%. Result: Only plaque index was higher on proximal surfaces of subjects with mild/moderate VI when compared to the other degrees of VI (P = 0.01). Furthermore, we observed higher values for interproximal CAL (P = 0.01), total PD (P = 0.04), and interproximal PD in subjects with acquired VI when compared to subjects with congenital VI (P = 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that periodontal status may be more related to the type of disability than with the degree of VI. Acquired VI people presented a worse periodontal health than the group with congenital VI.
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Akbar, Apryanza, and Denny Satria Utama. "VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (IJNPC) 2, no. 01 (March 18, 2020): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijnpc.v2i01.3504.
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Introduction:
he most common complaint in almost half of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients is a lump in the neck. Neurological symptoms occur less frequently, whereas blindness occurs in only less than one percent of cases.
Case report:
A 47-year-old male had complained about headache, nasal voice, and blindness in the right eye since a month ago. An examination found a mass in the right nasal cavity, right neck lymph nodes enlargement, damage to the right oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerve, and right optic nerve (II). On funduscopy, the right macular reflex decreased. On CT scan there was a right nasopharyngeal mass extending to intracranial and right intraorbital spaces.
Conclusion:
There was a direct infiltration of NPC into surrounding and intracranial structures. Unilateral blindness might be caused by expansion to middle cerebral fossa and orbita. It could also be caused by optic nerve compression from surrounding tumor tissue.
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Pan, Chen-Wei, Deng-Juan Qian, Hong-Peng Sun, Qinghua Ma, Yong Xu, and E. Song. "Visual Impairment among Older Adults in a Rural Community in Eastern China." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9620542.
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Purpose. To determine the prevalence, causes, and associations of visual impairment (VI) among participants aged 60 years or older in a rural community in China.Methods. A community-based survey was undertaken in a rural town located in Eastern China and 4579 people aged 60 years or older participated in the study. Presenting visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen chart with tumbling-E optotypes and anterior segment was examined using a slit-lamp. VI was defined as presenting VA <6/18 and it included moderate VI (<6/18 to 6/60) and blindness (<6/60).Results. The prevalence of VI was 5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7–6.0). In multivariate analysis, the presence of VI was positively associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% CI 1.10–1.16, per year increase), female gender (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.53–3.55), the presence of hypertension (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.001–1.85), living alone (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.08–2.62), and increased sleeping hours (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.001–1.22). Drinking 3 or more glasses of green tea per day was inversely associated with VI (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.98).Conclusion. VI was less prevalent in this community compared with previous report in other areas in China.
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Holbrook, Elizabeth A., Minsoo Kang, and Don W. Morgan. "Acquiring a Stable Estimate of Physical Activity in Adults With Visual Impairment." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 30, no. 1 (January 2013): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.30.1.59.
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As a first step toward the development of adapted physical activity (PA) programs for adults with visual impairment (VI), the purpose of this study was to determine the time frame needed to reliably estimate weekly PA in adults with VI. Thirty-three adults with VI completed 7 days of pedometer-based PA assessment. Generalizability theory analyses were conducted to quantify sources of variance within the PA estimate and determine the appropriate number of days of PA monitoring needed for the total sample and for participants with mild-to-moderate and severe VI. A single-facet, crossed design was employed including participants and days. Participants and days correspondingly accounted for 33–55% and 0–3% of the total variance in PA. While a reliable account of PA was obtained for the total sample over a 6-day period, shorter (4-day) and longer (9-day) periods were required for persons with mild-to-moderate and severe VI, respectively.
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Saskia, Tresa Ivani. "Loneliness Among Adult with Visual Impairment." Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology 4, no. 1 (August 27, 2021): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i1.61.
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Loneliness is a multifaceted experience which can be understood through the lens of the biopsychosocial model which is an interdisciplinary approach that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors in affecting health, illness, psychological experiences and disturbances. This study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness between blind and visually impaired persons and the general population, rather than the frequency or intensity of their loneliness. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have specifically evaluated depression in young and middle-aged people with visual impairment (VI). Discrimination may exacerbate these difficulties. High prevalence of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly persons, that reports a prevalence of 54% in the visually impaired elderly aged ≥55 years. In addition, the risk of loneliness was higher for those who were aged 36 to 50 years, exposed to bullying or physical or sexual abuse, had blindness, other impairments, or were unemployed. The mean score for loneliness was 4.83 (SD 1.82), 4.88 for women and 4.78 for men (p = 0.46). The majority of participants reported missing somebody to be with sometimes (39.0%) or often (21.1%). The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in adults with visual impairment.
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Sheikh Haji Khalid, Sheikh Mohamed Izzat Bin, Siti Norhedayah Abdul Latif, and Fifi Faulina Haji Zailani. "An Eye-Opening Experience with Visual Impairment Students’ environment in Brunei Darussalam." International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL) 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v3i1.184.
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This paper aims to explore the experiences of students with visual impairment (VI) within their built school environment. A qualitative case study of four students with VI from three secondary government schools were interviewed following site observations of their schools. The study found that the students with VI do face anxiety towards their built school environment alongside the barriers they faced which can be thematically categorized into physical barriers, auditory barriers and lighting barriers. The study also revealed that many aspects of the school buildings and environment presented challenges and are intimidating to maneuver for VI students. The study has implications in expanding the field of study into Universal Design within Brunei Darussalam where future research can approach UD and it’s aspects in depth. Finally, the country had started dialogue regarding accessibility and its significance in the country’s National Vision Plan 2035 and the study hopes to bring insight into the types of barriers the built environment can have on students with VI and signal future development projects forward.
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Jacobs, Jeremy, and Jochanan Stessman. "Visual Impairment at Age 85 Predicts Subsequent Cognitive Decline at Age 90." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.699.
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Abstract Although the impact of visual impairment (VI) upon functional status and mortality among older people is recognized, its relationship to cognitive function is unclear. We examined the association between VI and subsequent cognitive decline from age 85-90 among subjects from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Study (1990-2020), which follows a representative study sample born 1920-21. Assessment at age 85 (2005) and age 90 (2010) included Snellen visual testing and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for 488 subjects. VI was defined as corrected best eye vision ≤ 40/60. Dementia was defined as MMSE ≤24/30, after visually-dependent items (drawing, writing, reading) were excluded from the MMSE, and the score (maximum=27) was corrected to a maximum of 30 by multiplying by a factor of 1.111. At age 85 frequency of VI was 40.1% (198/488) and 86.9% (424/488) of subjects were non-demented (MMSE ≥24/30). Between ages 85-90 the mean decline in MMSE among all subjects with VI vs. non-VI was 5.2±7.7 vs. 3.9±6.7 (p=0.053), among non-demented subjects was 5.2±7.8 vs. 3.5±6.3 (p=0.002), and the transition to dementia was 34% vs. 20% (p=0.004) respectively. In logistic regression analysis among non-demented subjects at age 85, the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for transition to dementia by age 90 associated with VI at age 85 was OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.24-3.06, p<0.01, and after adjusting for gender, years of education, depression and diabetes, the adjusted OR was 1.74, 95%CI 1.09-2.76, p<0.05. In conclusion, visual impairment at age 85 is independently associated with subsequent cognitive decline and the development of dementia.
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Aleksandrović, Marko. "Characteristics of Physical Training of Persons with Visual Impairment - From Instruction and Workout to Training and Competition." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2018-0006.
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SummaryVisual impairment as a congenital condition or acquired state is due to: eye diseases, physical injuries, falls, brain injuries, infections, etc. In relation to the degree of visual impairment, there are blind and low vision persons.Due to insufficient or non-existent visual information at an early stage of development, children with visual impairment are not aware of their own body and space, therefore they have problems with their own motion. The motor development of children with visual impairment is slow, which manifests through delayed walking, inaptitude, clumsiness, frequent fall and bad coordination. On the other hand, it is possible that the ultimate level of motor abilities of people with visual impairment can be approximate or the same as people without visual impairment.For an appropriate approach to physical exercise it is necessary to consider the following in a person with visual impairment: the amount and type of vision, physical, functional, health and mental state. The basic characteristics of implementing physical exercises with this population include: adaptation of teaching methods, adaptation of the exercise space and selection of appropriate requisites and equipment.The way of acquiring knowledge of the low vision children is visual information (regardless of the poor quality of their reception), and for blind children there are audible and tactile information. A constant, detailed verbal description of motions and movements is necessary in order to explain incomplete visual information and associate it with successive tactile information. An individual-led activity ensures understanding of the person with VI on the required movement. The analytical method is the dominant method during instructions and training.Sports in which people with visual impairment can participate are: athletics, chess, judo, ninepin bowling, tenpin bowling, shooting, swimming, torball, football 5, golf, showdown, golf, powerlifting, skiing, riding ... IBSA (International Blind Sport Federation) is an international sports organization that takes care of sports of persons with VI and is a member of the IPC (International Paralympic Committee). Competitions involving people with VI include: Paralympic Games, IBSA Games, world, continental, regional and national championships, as well as many international and national tournaments.
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Amrina, Fadillah. "Loneliness and Depression among Adults with Visual Impairment." Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v6i1.81.
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Loneliness has been termed a social epidemic, especially by people with disabilities; one of them is visual impairment. To our knowledge, no study has obtained specific estimates of depression for young and middle-aged adults with visual impairment (VI). These difficulties may be compounded by discrimination. Observational data revealed that those with sight loss were twice as likely as those with another impairment to have experienced discrimination. There is evidence that individuals with visual impairment have poorer mental health than their impairment-free counterparts. In health care settings, an association between visual impairment and depression has been consistently reported. Greater prevalence of depressive symptoms in those with visual impairment has also been reported. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with loneliness and depression in adults with visual impairment and examine its association with life satisfaction.
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Gray, Colette. "Visual impairment: The educational experiences of young people in Northern Ireland." Educational and Child Psychology 27, no. 2 (2010): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2010.27.2.68.
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During the last 30 years there has been an increasing commitment in many countries to inclusive education. This has yielded a substantial evidence base that addresses various aspects of inclusive education including its impact on teacher attitudes and on pupil experiences. In contrast, few studies have been undertaken to examine these issues from the perspective of pupils with a visual impairment (VI). To extend the evidence base this paper examines the mainstream and special education experiences of young people with a VI. Focus group discussions and one to one in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 young people age 15 to 23. All of the participants were educated in Northern Ireland. Findings demonstrate that those who experienced a mainstream education disliked school more and had fewer friends at school than their peers at special school. Teachers in both school sectors were perceived as discouraging and thought to hold low expectations for pupils with a VI. In the main, neither group enjoyed an active social life nor did they report having many friends at home.
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N. Tagoe, Naamuah, Benjamin Abaidoo, Gladys Fordjuor, Yakubu A. Seidu, Serwaa A. Acquah, Andrew E. Akafo, Eileen Buxton, et al. "Visual impairment among eye health workers in a tertiary eye centre in Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v55i4.8.
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Objective: To determine causes of visual impairment (VI) among staff of the Eye Centre at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.Design: This was a cross-sectional study.Setting: The Eye Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), from October 2016 to March 2017 on all consenting members of staff.Participants: Eighty-four (79.3%) of 106 consenting staff members participated in this study.Data collection/Intervention: A detailed history (demographic, ocular, medical co-morbid conditions), ocular examination and relevant diagnostic investigations were conducted. Interventions initiated included treatment for glaucoma, dry eye and allergic conjunctivitis and spectacles prescription for refractive errors.Main outcomes: Prevalence of avoidable causes of VI (glaucoma, cataract, refractive errors). Secondary outcomes included prevalence of unavoidable causes of VI. Results Eighty-four (79.3%) members of staff participated in this study. Most of the participants were females, 54(64.3 %). Age ranged from 23 to 60 years with an average of 35.8±9.9 years (mean ± SD). Prevalence of VI was 9.5 % (8/84), all due to uncorrected refractive error. Other known causes of VI included open angle glaucoma in 12(14.3 %), macular scar of unknown cause, 1(1.2 %) and sutural cataract, 1(1.2 %) but were all visually insignificant.Conclusions: The prevalence of VI among the staff of the Eye Centre of the KBTH was 9.5 %, all due to refractive errors. Other known causes of avoidable visual impairment and blindness encountered were glaucoma (14.3 %), macular scar (1.2 %) and cataract (1.2 %), all asymptomatic. Routine eye screening should be part of periodic medical examination for employees.
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Ezinne, Ngozika Esther, Oluwaseun Shittu, Kingsley Kene Ekemiri, Michael Agyemang Kwarteng, Selassie Tagoh, Grace Ogbonna, and Khathutshelo Percy Mashige. "Visual Impairment and Blindness among Patients at Nigeria Army Eye Centre, Bonny Cantonment Lagos, Nigeria." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112312.
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Background: Visual impairment (VI) is a public health problem that can affect an individual’s social wellbeing. The study aims to determine the distribution and causes of vision impairment (VI) and blindness among patients at Nigerian Army Eye Centre Lagos, Nigeria. Method: An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to enrol study participants from their medical records. Information about their demography, presenting visual acuity (VA), best corrected visual acuity and cause of VI and blindness, were retrieved. Result: A total of five hundred (500) medical records of patients aged from 4 to 96 years, with a mean age of 54.07 ± 21.43 years, were considered for the study. Among the participants, more than half were males (51.2%) and ≥60 years (53.0%). A large (47.2%) proportion of the patients had moderate VI at the time of presentation, followed by blindness (22.0%). The major cause of blindness was cataract, while glaucoma and refractive error were the major causes of VI. Blindness and VI were significantly associated with the type of VI before and after the provision of intervention (p < 0.05) across different age groups (children, youths, adults, elderly) with an adjusted p < 0.003 after an intervention. Conclusions: Cataracts, glaucoma and uncorrected refractive error (URE) were the major causes of VI and blindness in Lagos State. VI was more prevalent in males than females; however, there was no significant difference between the two proportions. The prevalence of VI among age groups was more significant for those 60 years and above. Early screening for the detection and management of cataract, URE and glaucoma is highly advised to reduce the burden of VI.
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Balegamire, Safari, Marie-Josée Aubin, Carmen-Lucia Curcio, Beatriz Alvarado, Ricardo O. Guerra, Alban Ylli, Nandini Deshpande, and Maria-Victoria Zunzunegui. "Factors Associated With Visual Impairment and Eye Care Utilization: The International Mobility in Aging Study." Journal of Aging and Health 30, no. 9 (June 23, 2017): 1369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317716360.
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Objective:To examine factors associated with visual impairment (VI) and eye care in the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). Method: IMIAS data were analyzed ( N = 1,995 with ages 65-74). Outcomes were VI defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better eye and eye care utilization assessed by annual visits to eye care professionals. The Hurt–Insult–Threaten–Scream (HITS) questionnaire requested information on domestic violence. Results: Among men, VI varied from 24% in Manizales (Colombia) to 0.5% in Kingston (Canada); among women, VI ranged from 20% in Manizales to 1% in Kingston; lifetime exposure to domestic violence was associated with VI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.17, 3.00]). Eye care utilization varied from 72% in Kingston’s men to 25% in Tirana’s men; it was associated with domestic violence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.3; 95% CI = [1.1, 1.6]). Discussion: VI is more frequent where eye care utilization is low. Domestic violence may be a risk factor for VI.
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Patel, Sunita, Arvind Sharma, and Rajesh Tiwari. "Visual Impairment and its causes among elderly women of rural area of Maharashtra." National Journal of Community Medicine 13, no. 1 (February 12, 2022): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njcm.20211207041542.
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Introduction: Visual impairment (VI) is a public health challenge affecting over 285 million people worldwide, including 39 million blinds. The research both from India and other parts of the world has revealed that VI increases with increasing age. It is also estimated that people aged 50 years and older comprise 65% and 82% of the total visually impaired and blind, respectively. The study is conducted to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes among elderly women of rural areas.
Material and Methods: This study is a Community Based Cross-sectional study carried out in the field practice area of the rural health training center of the Department of Community Medicine. All women (n=260) aged 60 years and above in the study area formed the study population were interviewed by the house-to-house survey. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS .17.
Results: Total out of 260 women, 212(81.53%) women had visual impairment. Out of 212 visual impairment participants, causes of low vision were 80.18% cataract, 35.37% operated cataract, 10.37% pterygium, and 2.35% any eye injury or infection.
Conclusion: Cataract is the main cause of low vision. Pterygium, eye injury, and infection also cause visual impairment.
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Awan, Abdul Rauf, Junaid Jamshed, Muhammad Mushtaq Khan, and Zahid Latif. "Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among school children in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan." International Journal of Scientific Reports 4, no. 4 (March 27, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20181393.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vision loss<strong> </strong>in childhood has serious implications in all stages of child’s growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioral, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of visual impairment and blindness in school children of UC Gojra, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan so that prevention strategies could be implemented.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a<strong> </strong>school-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public and private schools. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting study participants aged 5-20 years from 24 schools in Muzaffarabad. The vision of school children was examined for visual acuity using standard Snellen chart. Those participants who had visual acuity of <6/18 in either eye underwent a more detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose the causes of VI. An exploration of demographic variables was conducted using Chi-square test. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of participants was 10±2.83.<strong> </strong>The prevalence of visual impairment was 19.6% and 2.3% for severe visual impairment. The age group most affected by VI was 11-15 years (74.2%). There were increased chances of developing VI with advancing age of the participants. Males contributed 88.7% of the cases of VI while females contributed only 11.3%. The class category 5-6 had higher percentage of VI cases (32.7%). Public schools contributed 52.8% of the cases of VI while for private schools the corresponding percentage was 47.2%. The leading cause of VI was refractive error (89.3%) followed by amblyopia (5.0%). Other causes of VI included cataract (1.2%), corneal disease (1.8%), strabismus (1.8%) and nystagmus (0.6%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a need to implement school health policy on visual screening prior to admissions in schools and annual eye screening program for early detection and prompt treatment of eye problems among school children in Muzaffarabad.</p>
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Getnet, Mihret, Yonas Akalu, Baye Dagnew, Yibeltal Yismaw Gela, Yitayeh Belsti, Mengistie Diress, Sofonias Addis Fekadu, and Mohammed Abdu Seid. "Visual impairment and its associated factors among medical and health sciences students at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): e0255369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255369.
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Background Visual impairment (VI) is a decreased ability to see things which is critical problem for health professionals and students to whom normal vision is essential for their daily activity. If it is not timely managed, visual impairment leads to physical, psychological, and socio-economic malfunctions to the victims and nation. Despite the above impacts, currently there is no study in Ethiopia on this topic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among Medical and Health Science students at the University of Gondar. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020 among Medical and Health Science students. After recruiting study participants using systematic random sampling technique, we applied pre-tested self-administered questionnaire for sociodemographic variables and also visual acuity measurement was performed using Snellen chart placed at a distance of 6 meters. Visual acuity tested separately for each eye and for both eyes in a well- illuminated area. Pinhole was used for those participants with a visual acuity of < 6/9. Participants with a presenting visual acuity of < 6/12 in the better eye were diagnosed as having visual impairment. Epi data version 3.1 and stata version 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used, and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association between VI and independent variables. Results A total of 654 students were screened for visual acuity. The prevalence of visual impairment was 12.5% (95% CI: 10.21, 15.31). Age above 25 years (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.26) and current alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.7, 5.00), were statistically significant factors of visual impairment. Conclusion The prevalence of visual impairment among medical and health science students was high. Age of study participant and current alcohol consumption were statically significant factors. This study warrants the routine screening of Medical and Health science students for visual impairment.
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Klingenberg, Oliv G., Anne H. Holkesvik, and Liv Berit Augestad. "Digital learning in mathematics for students with severe visual impairment: A systematic review." British Journal of Visual Impairment 38, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619619876975.
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Mathematical education is currently undergoing significant changes that are driven by technology and digital-based learning. Students with visual impairments (VI) may face different challenges in mathematical education due to a lack of accessible materials designed to support the development of conceptual understanding in mathematics. The aim of the study was to summarize current evidence-based knowledge about e-learning in mathematics among students with severe VI. A systematic review was conducted of articles published from January 2000 to November 2017. A total of 13 publications met the inclusion criteria, of which 12 reported studies with an intervention or an experimental design and one had a cross-sectional design. The number of students with VI varied from three to 16 ( Mage = 19 years). Four publications reported either ophthalmic diagnoses or World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition of vision loss. The mathematical training was reported as lasting from one session to 18 weeks of training. Eight papers reported the use of audio-based applications as learning aids. The authors conclude that interactive e-learning with audio and tactile learning programmes may be a useful resource for students with VI to enhance their mathematical skills. However, there is lack of evidence for how digital technologies improve inclusion potentials and learning in mathematics for students with VI, and hence, there is a need for additional research and more reflection on the subject.
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Guan, Xiaodong, Mengyuan Fu, Fanghui Lin, Dawei Zhu, Daniel Vuillermin, and Luwen Shi. "Burden of visual impairment associated with eye diseases: exploratory survey of 298 Chinese patients." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e030561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030561.
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ObjectivesTo explore the economic burden, prevalence of catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) and the quality of life (QoL) of Chinese patients with visual impairment (VI) associated with eye diseases.DesignA questionnaire survey from March to May 2016 by structured face-to-face interviews of patients with VI.Participants302 patients who were diagnosed with moderate VI or worse in both eyes (visual acuity <6/18) were included, and 298 patients (98.7%) who completed the survey questionnaires were eligible for the study.Outcome measuresThe economic burden was estimated by calculating participants’ direct costs covered in 2015 and the definition of CHE was out-of-pocket (OOP) costs exceeding 30% of annual household income. QoL was weighed by health utility value using time-trade-off valuation techniques.ResultsAnnual average direct costs per patient caused by VI were US$6988.6±US$10 834.3, and 70.3% were direct medical costs of which only 26.9% were reimbursable by medical insurance. 32.2% of households that suffered from CHE, in particular, were less wealthy patients with VI living in rural areas and without medical insurance. The health utility value was rated at 0.65 on average, and patients with VI aged 51–57, living alone and insured by commercial medical insurance had relatively less QoL.ConclusionOur study explored the economic burden and QoL of VI associated with patients with eye diseases in China, indicating a substantial economic burden and poor QoL. Preferential medical insurance policies should be designed in relation to people with VI to further reduce the health inequalities, avoid CHE and promote QoL.
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McNamara, Scott W. T., Kevin A. Becker, William Weigel, Peter Marcy, and Justin Haegele. "Influence of Attentional Focus Instructions on Motor Performance Among Adolescents With Severe Visual Impairment." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 6 (August 13, 2019): 1145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519869090.
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Substantial research has demonstrated that an external (vs. internal) attentional focus enhances motor performance among various populations. Interest has recently grown in examining the effects of attentional focus among individuals with visual impairments (VI), and, to date, research results have been conflicting with some studies supporting a potential benefit to an external focus among adults with VI, while a study of children with severe VI was inconclusive regarding this benefit. The present investigation compared the effects of an internal versus an external attentional focus on a discrete throwing task among adolescents with severe VI. We recruited 13 participants with a visual acuity score of less than 6/60 and had them throw a Goalball (25 cm ball with bells often used in competitive sports designed for people with VI) as fast as possible for three familiarization trials, three internal focus trials, and three external focus trials. These participants threw the ball with significantly higher velocity when using an external focus than in other conditions, indicating a benefit from an external focus for this population when performing this discrete task.
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Et. al., M. Revathi,. "Effectiveness of Adapted Science Instruction for Teaching Learning of Science Temperature Concept among Students with Visual Impairment." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.383.
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The areas of science and mathematics have traditionally been inaccessible to students with Visual Impairment. Hence it needs adapted materials and instructional methods to understand and perform science experiments by visually impaired. This study aims to study the Effectiveness of Adapted Science Instruction on Leaning of Science Temperature Concept among students with Visual Impairment. The Investigator adapted the Science Temperature concept Activities as per the needs of Students with Visual Impairment. Visually Impaired sample from Grade VI to VIII were trained and effectivess of the Adapted Instruction was found.
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Han, So Young, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Chul Young Choi, and Seungho Ryu. "A Dose–Response Relationship of Alcohol Consumption with Risk of Visual Impairment in Korean Adults: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study." Nutrients 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14040791.
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Visual impairment is a global health problem that leads to poor quality of life. The aim of the study was to examine the dose–response relationship between alcohol consumption and incident visual impairment (VI). This longitudinal cohort study consisted of 287,352 Korean adults who attended health screenings between March 2011 and December 2017 and were followed for up to 8.8 years (median, 4.9 years). Participants were categorized based on their average alcohol consumption. VI was defined as bilateral visual acuity (VA) worse than 0.3 logMAR. We identified 8320 cases of new-onset bilateral VI (incidence rate, 6.0/1000 person-years). Increased alcohol intake was positively and dose-dependently associated with elevated incidence of VI (ptrend < 0.001). With lifetime abstinence (reference), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for incident VI with alcohol intake of <10, 10 to <20, 20–39.9, and ≥40 g/day were 1.07 (0.96–1.19), 1.15 (1.03–1.30), 1.15 (1.01–1.30), and 1.23 (1.08–1.40), respectively. Frequent binge drinking (≥once/per week) was associated with elevated risk of VI (HRs, 1.22; 95% CIs: 1.13–1.32). Former drinkers, particularly men, were at a higher risk for incident VI than lifetime abstainers. Similar associations were observed on evaluating changes in alcohol consumption and other confounders as time-varying covariates. Alcohol consumption, both in moderation and excess, was associated with increased VI incidence.
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Swenor, Bonnielin K., Moon J. Lee, Varshini Varadaraj, Heather E. Whitson, and Pradeep Y. Ramulu. "Aging With Vision Loss: A Framework for Assessing the Impact of Visual Impairment on Older Adults." Gerontologist 60, no. 6 (August 24, 2019): 989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz117.
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Abstract There is limited research examining the impact of visual impairment (VI) on older adults while considering the complexities of aging, leaving gaps in our understanding of how health consequences of VI might be averted. We created a framework integrating concepts from disability, geriatrics, and ophthalmology that conceptualizes how VI challenges successful aging. Here, VI influences multiple functional domains, and increases the risk of negative health outcomes. This model acknowledges that common causes, such as risk factors that affect eyes and other systems simultaneously, may also drive the relationship between VI and health outcomes. Finally, the model highlights how the impact of VI on aging outcomes can be addressed at multiple intervention points.
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Sapkota, Kishore, Sagar Rajkarnikar, Bina Shrestha, Shyam Panthi, and Archana Pokharel. "Profile of visual impairment in children attending low vision clinic of Nepal Eye Hospital." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 10, no. 2 (July 16, 2012): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6458.
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Introduction: Visual impairment (VI) in children accounts for great challenge in the life of children that leads to greater medical, psychological, social and economic problems since the child has to live up with handicap for many years to come. Identifying the main causes of visual degradation and their pattern will help in preventive measures, early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to find out the pattern of visual impairment in children attending low vision clinic of Nepal Eye Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross--sectional review of hospital records of all VI children att ending the low vision clinic from 1st May 2010 to 31st April 2011 with age less than 16 years was done. Results: Overall, 65 children were included in this study with mean age 11.58±3.83 years. Among them 55.4% were male. More than one third (34%) of the total children were in the category of blindness. More than two thirds (72.30%) patients had refractive error. Majority of the patients (66.15%) had multiple causes of visual impairment. Major causes of visual impairment were nystagmus (58.46%), high refractive error (26.15%) and amblyopia (24.61%). Low vision devices were prescribed for only 18.46% of the total patients. Telescope was the most frequently prescribed low vision optical device. Conclusion: Nystagmus, high refractive error and amblyopia were the main causes of VI. Most of the cases had multiple causes. Low vision devices were prescribed for very few of the visual impaired patients and telescope was the most frequently prescribed among them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6458Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital July-Dec 2011 10(2) 18-21
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Thompson, Atalie, Michael Miller, Christopher Webb, Jeff Williamson, and Stephen Kritchevsky. "VISUAL IMPAIRMENT PREDICTS PHYSICAL FUNCTION DECLINE: THE HEALTH, AGING, AND BODY COMPOSITION (HEALTH ABC) STUDY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.537.
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Abstract The relationship between visual impairment (VI) and decline in physical function with age is poorly understood. We constructed separate linear mixed models to evaluate the relationship of self-reported (visual function question (VFQ) score) or performance-based (visual acuity (VA); log contrast sensitivity (LCS); stereoacuity (SA)) VI with change in performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) over 8 years in 2219 Health ABC participants. Mean age was 75.5 years (range 71-82); 52.4% were female, and 37.4% were black. For all measures of visual function, better vision was associated with loss of approximately -0.3 SPPB units/year which was similar to the unadjusted change in SPPB over time (-0.328 units/year 95%CI (-0.35, -0.31)). Participants with LCS ≤1.3 log units experienced 58% faster rate of decline versus those with better LCS (test of difference in slopes p< 0.0001). Those with poor VA ≥20/50 showed a 50% greater decline in SPPB (p=0.0029), and those with low SA ≤85 arcsec demonstrated a 33% faster decline (p< 0.001) relative to those with better visual function. Compared to the slope at the mean VFQ score, a 1 standard deviation lower score was associated with 23% greater decline in SPPB (p< 0.0001). The difference in SPPB slopes remained significant across VI measures after adjusting for longitudinal decline associated with age, sex, and black race (all p< 0.05). Both self-reported and performance-based VI predicted faster declines in SPPB over time. Whether older adults with VI might benefit from targeted intervention to prevent declining mobility function remains to be evaluated.
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Miyata, Kimie, Tadanobu Yoshikawa, Akihiro Harano, Tetsuo Ueda, and Nahoko Ogata. "Effects of visual impairment on mobility functions in elderly: Results of Fujiwara-kyo Eye Study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): e0244997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244997.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a significant association between a visual impairment (VI) and mobility functions in an elderly Japanese cohort. The subjects of this study were part of the Fujiwara-kyo Eye Study, a cross sectional epidemiological study of elderly individuals conducted by Nara Medical University. Participants were ≥70-years who lived in the Nara Prefecture. All underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, and a VI was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) worse than 20/40 in the better eye. The associations between the BCVA and walking speed and one-leg standing time were determined. The medical history and health conditions were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. A total of the 2,809 subjects whose mean age was 76.3 ± 4.8 years (± standard deviation) were studied. The individuals with a VI (2.1%) had significantly slower walking speeds and shorter one-leg standing times than that of the non-VI individuals (1.5±0.4 vs 1.7±0.4 m/sec, P<0.01; 17.1±19.6 vs 27.6±21.3 sec, P<0.01, respectively). Univariate logistic regression found that the odds ratio (OR) for the slower walking speed (<1 m/sec) in the VI individuals was significantly higher at 7.40 (3.36–16.30;95% CI, P <0.001) than in non-VI individuals. It was still significantly higher at 4.50 (1.87–10.85;95% CI, P = 0.001) in the multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting for the BCVA, age, sex, current smoking habit, and health conditions. Our results indicate that the walking speed and one-leg standing times were significantly associated with VI.
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Li, Qi D., Xiao M. Kuang, and Jing Qi. "Correlates of Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairments: A Systematic Review." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 39 (November 10, 2020): 5002–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200518110241.
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Background and Objective: The benefits of physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with disabilities are well documented, and children and adolescents with visual impairments (VI) engage in less PA than their sighted peers. Two reviews have summarized studies on PA of children and adolescents with VI, but no systematic review with semi-quantitative assessment has been conducted to specifically identify the correlates of their PA. This review aims to systematically summarize the existing literature, which investigated the correlates of PA of children and adolescents with VI until 2019 and identify variables that contribute to their PA participation. Methods: A systematic search using Academic Search Premier (ASP), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Education Source (ES), PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (PBSC), MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) was conducted in September 2019 to identify studies examining the correlates of PA in children and adolescents with VI aged 5 to 17 years. Two researchers independently screened studies, assessed their methodological quality and extracted relevant data. The correlates of PA among children and adolescents with VI were synthesized and further assessed semi-quantitatively. Results: A total of 17 articles identified correlates of PA in children and adolescents with VI. Out of 21 variables identified from the reviewed studies, 3 were consistently associated with PA of children and adolescents with VI. Body mass index (BMI)/obesity, percent of body fat, and visual impairment level were consistently and negatively associated with PA of children and adolescents with VI. Gender and age were identified as having inconsistent relationships with PA in children and adolescents with VI. The level of parental education was identified to have “no association” with children and adolescents with VI. Conclusions: This review can aid in developing effective interventions to improve the PA of children and adolescents with VI and propose directions for future research.
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Alves, Carla Rosane da Silva Tavares, and Maihara Pereira Franco Andrade. "THE IMPORTANCE OF A TOY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.3006.
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This text summarizes a qualitative bibliographic research that aims to discuss what visual impairment is, highlighting the difference between blindness and low vision, as well as highlighting the importance of the toy associated with playing, in the learning of children with Visual Impairment-VI. The exploration of the toy expands the possibilities of the child's development in his/her multiple dimensions, cognitive, psychomotor and social affective, among others.
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Dale, Naomi, and Alison Salt. "Social identity, autism and visual impairment (VI) in the early years." British Journal of Visual Impairment 26, no. 2 (May 2008): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619607088282.
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Zhao, Xiaohuan, Wenjia Liu, Bing Lu, Xinyue Zhu, Minwen Zhou, and Xiaodong Sun. "Visual impairment and depression in China: a 7-year follow-up study from national longitudinal surveys." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e055563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055563.
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ObjectivesTo explore the longitudinal association between visual impairment (VI) and depression among adults 45 years and older in China based on a nationally representative follow-up dataset.SettingParticipants in China from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included.ParticipantsA total of 6748 participants from two waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011–2018 were included for analysis by age group.Primary and secondary outcome measuresVI and depression were defined by self-diagnosis and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10, respectively. Lagged dependent variable regression models with ordinary least squares estimation were used to evaluate the association between VI and depression. Age was divided into three groups, that is, 45–54, 55–64, and 65 years and older, to explore the relationship between VI and depression in different age groups.ResultsIn our study sample, VI remarkably predicted an increase in depressive scores. The magnitude of depressive scores increased among those with VI points greater than 3.517 (β=3.517; 95% CI=2.697 to 4.331) points than those without VI in the 7-year follow-up. Significant relationships were also found between VI and depression in the three age groups in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionVI was associated with an increase in depression scores over a 7-year period. Female respondents, low educational attainment and high alcohol intake significantly predicted an increase in depressive status.
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Yekta, Reyhaneh, Hassan Hashemi, Reza Pakzad, Asieh Jafari, Abbasali Yekta, Javad Heravian, Hadi Ostadimoghaddam, Mehrnaz Valadkhan, and Mehdi Khabazkhoob. "Visual impairment and some of ocular problem in nursing home residents." British Journal of Visual Impairment 37, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619619839754.
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We decided to conduct a study to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, blindness, refractive errors, and other visual functions in nursing homes of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 133 elderly persons were selected from seven nursing homes using proportional-to-size random sampling. A Snellen chart was used to measure visual acuity (VA). Refraction was measured in all participants using autorefractometry and retinoscopy. A cover test was applied to assess ocular deviation. Stereopsis, color vision, and contrast sensitivity were evaluated with distance glasses. The prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of visual impairment (VI) (<20/60), low vision (<20/60 to <20/400), and blindness (⩽20/400) was 41.88% (32.81–50.95), 32.48% (23.87–41.09), and 9.40% (4.03–14.77), respectively, based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) < −0.5 D), hyperopia (SE < 0.5 D), and astigmatism (cylindrical power < 0.5 D) was 53.50% (44.19–62.58), 36.84% (28.38–46.19), and 86.84% (79.17–91.97), respectively. VI and refractive errors had no association with age and sex ( p-value > .05 for all). The prevalence of other ocular diseases was as follows: cataract 66.06% (57.02–75.09), glaucoma 1.52% (1.85–5.40), one eyed caused by injury 6.10% (2.67–11.67), and corneal opacity 3.81% (1.25–8.68). The prevalence of VI was 4–20 times and the prevalence of cataract was 3–4 times higher in NHRs compared with community-dwelling older people, indicating the grave situation of vision in these people. It is necessary to conduct further studies to find the reasons behind this disparity and perform interventions, including periodic and screening examinations upon entry to nursing homes to decrease the burden of ocular diseases in NHRs.
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Piva da Cunha Furtado, Otávio Luis, Kelly Allums-Featherston, Lauren Joy Lieberman, and Gustavo Luis Gutierrez. "Physical Activity Interventions for Children and Youth With Visual Impairments." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 32, no. 2 (April 2015): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2014-0164.
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The authors conducted a systematic literature review on physical activity interventions for children and youth with visual impairment (VI). Five databases were searched to identify studies involving the population of interest and physical activity practices. After evaluating 2,495 records, the authors found 18 original full-text studies published in English they considered eligible. They identified 8 structured exercise-training studies that yielded overall positive effect on physical-fitness and motor-skill outcomes. Five leisure-time-physical-activity and 5 instructional-strategy interventions were also found with promising proposals to engage and instruct children and youth with VI to lead an active lifestyle. However, the current research on physical activity interventions for children and youth with VI is still limited by an absence of high-quality research designs, low sample sizes, use of nonvalidated outcome measures, and lack of generalizability, which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Mariana Caramore Fava, Maria Georgina Marques Tonello, Renata Martins Rosa, Tania Brusque Crocetta, ìbis Ariana Peña Moraes, Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro, Talita Dias da Silva, and Daniel dos Santos. "Motor learning of people with visual impairment in a non-immersive virtual reality coincident time task." Journal of Human Growth and Development 32, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v32.12675.
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Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) is used nowadays as an assessment and intervention tool in rehabilitation. One of the capabilities that can be assessed through VR is coincident timing, a perceptual-motor ability to execute a motor response in synchrony with an external stimulus. Visually impaired (VI) people need this synchronization of movements with external objects in their daily and leisure activities. Objective: To investigate the performance of VI individuals in a VR coincident timing task. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study with an interventional, quasi-experimental, descriptive, and explanatory nature. Sixty individuals participated in this study: 20 VI, 20 blindfolded and 20 non-VI, over 18 years of age. A semi-structured interview and a virtual coincident timing task were used. Results: VI individuals started the task with the worst performance (Absolute error = group VI 945ms x blindfolded group 591ms x control group 557ms), but they improved throughout the task, as well as all groups, reducing the number of errors (mean absolute error= 698ms to 408ms). Furthermore, all groups increased task speed (mean variable error= last acquisition block 408ms x immediate transfer 227ms x late transfer 247ms). Conclusion: It is concluded that VI individuals can develop motor learning from tasks in VR, showing the importance of taking advantage of these technological advances in this area, not only as a facilitator of task execution, but also as an instrument that enable rehabilitation programs to ensure functional improvements for real everyday tasks.
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Jones, Nabila, and Hannah Elizabeth Bartlett. "Comparison of the eating behaviour and dietary consumption in older adults with and without visual impairment." British Journal of Nutrition 123, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451900312x.
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AbstractGlobally, a high prevalence of obesity and undernutrition has been reported in people with visual impairment (VI) who have reported multi-factorial obstacles that prevent them from achieving a healthy diet, such as having restricted shopping and cooking abilities. The present study is the first to investigate the relationship between VI and dietary consumption using a representative sample size, standardised methods to categorise VI and a detailed analysis of dietary consumption. Ninety-six participants with VI and an age-matched control group of fifty participants were recruited from across the UK. All participants were aged 50 years or over. The participants completed a 24-h food recall for a period of 3 d. The participants also answered questions about their abilities to shop for and cook food as well as their knowledge of healthy eating. The participants with VI in this sample consumed significantly fewer energy content and other nutrients than is recommended for their age group and when compared with an age-matched control group. The participants with VI mainly made food choices irrespective of nutritional value. The results of the present study highlight for the first time that a large proportion of older adults with VI in the UK are undernourished. These results suggest local and government-led initiatives should be implemented to support the diets of older adults in the UK, and these initiatives could include healthy eating workshops, café clubs or skills training and rehabilitation.
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Cheng, Ching-Yu, Ningli Wang, Tien Y. Wong, Nathan Congdon, Mingguang He, Ya Xing Wang, Tasanee Braithwaite, et al. "Prevalence and causes of vision loss in East Asia in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 5 (August 28, 2019): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313308.
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BackgroundTo determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment (VI) in East Asia in 2015 and to forecast the trend to 2020.MethodsThrough a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we estimated prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in the better eye), moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI; 3/60≤presenting visual acuity <6/18), mild vision impairment (mild VI: 6/18≤presenting visual acuity <6/12) and uncorrected presbyopia for 1990, 2010, 2015 and 2020. A total of 44 population-based studies were included.ResultsIn 2015, age-standardised prevalence of blindness, MSVI, mild VI and uncorrected presbyopia was 0.37% (80% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.12%–0.68%), 3.06% (80% UI 1.35%–5.16%) and 2.65% (80% UI 0.92%–4.91%), 32.91% (80% UI 18.72%–48.47%), respectively, in East Asia. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (43.6%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (12.9%), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, trachoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The leading cause for MSVI was uncorrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, corneal disease, trachoma and DR. The burden of VI due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, glaucoma and DR has continued to rise over the decades reported.ConclusionsAddressing the public healthcare barriers for cataract and uncorrected refractive error can help eliminate almost 57% of all blindness cases in this region. Therefore, public healthcare efforts should be focused on effective screening and effective patient education, with access to high-quality healthcare.
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Jiachu, Danba, Ling Jin, Feng Jiang, Li Luo, Hong Zheng, Duo Ji, Jing Yang, et al. "Prevalence and service assessment of cataract in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province, China: population-based study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e031337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031337.
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ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness (BL) due to cataract and cataract surgical outcomes in remote dispersed and high-altitude Tibetan areas of China.Design and settingA cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 50 and above in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Kandze (TAPK), China, in 2017. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness protocol was followed.ParticipantsOf 5000 eligible participants, 4764 were examined (response rate 95.3%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCataract VI was defined as lens opacity at visual acuity (VA) levels of <3/60 (Blindness (BL)), ≥3/60 and <6/60 (severe visual impairment (SVI)), ≥6/60 and <6/18 (moderate visual impairment (MVI)), ≥6/18 and <6/12 (early visual impairment (EVI)).ResultsThe estimated prevalence of cataract BL was 0.61% (95% CI 0.42 to 0.87). With best corrected VA, the estimated prevalence of SVI from cataract was 0.86% (95% CI 0.63 to 1.17); MVI was 2.39% (95% CI 2.00 to 2.87) and EVI was 5.21% (95% CI 4.61 to 5.87). Women in TAPK had a significantly higher prevalence of cataract BL (0.82%, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.15) than men (0.34%, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.70). Women had lower cataract surgical coverage (CSC) by eyes (60.8%, 95% CI 55.5 to 65.8) compared with men (70.1%; 95% CI 63.7 to 75.7). The prevalence of cataract BL was higher among Tibetan (2.28%; 95% CI 1.98 to 2.62) than Han Chinese (1.01%%; 95% CI 0.54% to 1.87%). Overall CSC by person with BL (by better eye) was 82.0% (95% CI 75.2 to 87.6). Among cataract-operated participants, 71.2% had VA equal to or better than 6/18.ConclusionsThe study detected a low prevalence of VI and BL due to cataract with high CSC in the study area compared with many other places in China. Further actions should be taken to improve cataract surgical outcome.
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Ho, Vanda W. T., Cynthia Chen, and Reshma Aziz Merchant. "Cumulative Effect of Visual Impairment, Multimorbidity, and Frailty on Intrinsic Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 7-8 (May 8, 2019): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319847818.
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Objectives: We aim to determine the prevalence of vision impairment (VI) and its cumulative impact on multimorbidity, frailty, physical and cognitive function, and quality of life. Method: In all, 780 community-dwelling older adults were interviewed for demographic data and a one-off physical activity screening. Covariate measurements include vision via Snellen chart, multimorbidity, five-item FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, & Loss of Weight) scale and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Outcome variables taken were Barthel Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, grip strength, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D). Results: In all, 426 (54.6%) were female, mean age was 71.3 ± 0.2 years; 240 (30.8%) had VI. The interaction between VI, multimorbidity, and frailty significantly impacts grip strength, TUG, quality of life, and IADL. Discussion: Our study is the first to look at the interaction of VI, multimorbidity, frailty, and its combined impact on key domains of intrinsic capacity. Our results further support vision screening to enable aging in place and highlight importance of screening for frailty and cognition in those with VI.
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Yen, Chu-Yu, I.-Mo Fang, Hsiao-Yun Hu, and Shih-Han Weng. "Association of Visual Impairment with Psychological Distress in Older Adults: A Survey of 105,092 Older People in Taiwan." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051458.
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This study aimed to evaluate the association between visual impairment (VI) and psychological distress (PD) among older adults in Taiwan. The present cohort study included participants aged >65 years who participated in a physical examination program. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of whether they had PD at baseline. The association between PD and VI with other variables was compared using the two-sample t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for discrete variables. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR). Cumulative incidence of PD was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences among participants with different severities of VI were analyzed using the two-tailed log-rank test. Subgroup analyses were performed to calculate the HR for PD among participants with different severities of VI. The PD group showed a significantly high percentage of VI. In addition, participants with VI showed a significantly higher HR and seven-year cumulative incidence rate of PD than those without VI. VI was independently and significantly associated with a higher incidence of PD among older Asian people. Therefore, identifying and treating correctible VI is important to prevent PD and improve the overall quality of life.
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Robertson, Alexandra O., Valerija Tadić, and Jugnoo S. Rahi. "This is me: A qualitative investigation of young people’s experience of growing up with visual impairment." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): e0254009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254009.
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Background Childhood visual impairment (VI) has a profound impact on many aspects of childhood and adolescence. This is well-documented in cross-sectional and/or quantitative studies utilizing self-report instruments which compare children with and without VI. Young people’s views on the experience of growing up with VI as a developmental, change-driven process remain largely unexplored. Methods As part of our broader research programme on quality of life of visually impaired children and young people in the United Kingdom, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted between March and June 2015, with a stratified sample of 17 young people with VI, aged 16–19 years. An age-sensitive, empirically-based topic guide encouraged retrospective reflections on participants’ experiences of growing up with VI, including age-normative and vision-specific challenges. Results Descriptions of growing up with VI largely centered on an overarching higher-order theme labelled becoming me. Four themes representing everyday activities, attitudes, preferences and perceptions in relation to i) social relationships, ii) independence and responsibilities, iii) the future, and iv) rising to challenges emerged and were used by participants in their description of three stages in which they developed a sense of self: i) laying the foundations, ii) testing the waters, and iii) this is me. Differences in manifestation of VI influenced how young people made sense of their experiences and their sense of self. Conclusions Findings are discussed in relation to normative and vision-specific changes in psychosocial development during adolescence, including the development of identity. They highlight the need for ongoing monitoring of subjective well-being in a clinical population with a unique early life course trajectory.
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Harrison, Tracie, Sarah Guy, Michael Mackert, Janiece Walker, and Pat Pound. "A Study of the Health Literacy Needs of People With Visual Impairments." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 26, no. 2 (2012): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.26.2.142.
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The purpose of this mixed methods study was to understand preferences surrounding health literacy for 18 men and women with permanent and severe visual impairment (VI). Participants completed demographic questions—the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ)—and 1 semi-structured interview to ascertain views on obtaining, processing, and understanding health information. Overall, the sample had low total eye health scores on the NEI-VFQ—indicating that the sample represented a group with severe visual impairments. The sample mentioned multiple health promotion topics of interest and types of devices used to gain information. They also described multiple barriers to health information, which could be eliminated. Implications for intervention development and technology use are provided.
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Direnfeld, Lorne. "Impairment Tutorial: Rating Cranial Nerve and Spinal Cord Disorders." Guides Newsletter 2, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1997.marapr02.
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Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, discusses rating cranial nerve and spinal cord impairments. Evaluation of impairment of the cranial nerves is based on clinical neurological assessment, and many cranial nerves also are addressed in other chapters of the AMA Guides (eg, the visual system or the ear, nose, and throat). With respect to cranial nerve I, an impairment estimate associated with anosmia or parosmia should be given only if this significantly interferes with daily activities. For cranial nerve II, the AMA Guides recommends ophthalmologic testing of visual fields and best correction. For cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, the reader is referred to section 8.3, and, for cranial nerve V, the AMA Guides provides a method of determining impairment associated with trigeminal neuralgia. A table provides data regarding impairment for conditions that affect the seventh cranial (facial) nerve; sensory loss related to the facial nerve does not interfere with activities of daily living. Auditory impairment (cranial nerve VIII) is rated according to criteria in the ear, nose, throat, and related structures chapter, including tinnitus. Cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII are involved in breathing, swallowing, speaking, and some visceral functions, and ratings criteria are presented. In terms of spinal cord impairments, the AMA Guides divides pathology into six categories: station and gait; use of the upper extremities; respiration; urinary bladder function; anorectal function; and sexual function.
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Milinga, Joseph, and Mwajabu Possi. "SIGHTED STUDENTS’ PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ASSISTING PEERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN TANZANIA INCLUSIVE SECONDARY SCHOOLS." International Journal of Educational Development in Africa 2, no. 1 (October 28, 2015): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2312-3540/21.
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This study analysed sighted students’ prosocial behaviour towards assisting their peers with visual impairment (VI) in inclusive secondary schools in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania. An embedded single case study design was used. Seventy six respondents, consisting of teachers and students with and without VI participated in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured and face to face interviews, focus group discussions, and closed-ended questionnaires. Data was analysed through thematic analysis and presented in tables and quotations of participants’ actual words. Results have indicated differences in prosocial behaviours between sighted day-students and sighted boarding students with the latter being more prosocial as a result of altruistic and egoistic factors; having a positive attitude and due to the influence of religion and school administration . Similarities between sighted students and those with VI were linked to sighted students’ prosocial behaviour. The latter students’ attributions, and misunderstandings among students. determined their prosocial behaviour towards assisting their peers with VI. Awareness raising and sensitisation of members of the community, as well as replicating the study in inclusive and co-education schools for students with VI are recommended in the paper.