Academic literature on the topic 'Visual impairment (VI)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Visual impairment (VI)"
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Naipal, Shivani, and Nishanee Rampersad. "Visual ability in adolescents with visual impairment." British Journal of Visual Impairment 38, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619619892993.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate the visual ability (the ability to perform everyday tasks) of adolescents with visual impairment (VI) at the Arthur Blaxall School in Pietermaritzburg. This study was an observational, descriptive research study conducted at the Arthur Blaxall School for children and adolescents with VI. Students registered at the school aged between 10 and 19 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Visual ability was assessed with the Cardiff Visual Ability Questionnaire for Children (CVAQC). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample consisted of 70 participants with a mean age of 13.83 ± 2.28 years. The most common cause of VI was oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) followed by posterior segment disorders. The mean visual ability score was −0.27 ± 0.74 log units, and the most difficult tasks were reading the smallest print in textbooks and the chalkboard in the classroom. Males and participants aged 14–19 years had significantly better visual ability than females and participants aged 10–13 years, respectively. Participants with anterior segment disorders had the poorest visual ability while those with OCA had relatively better visual ability. The variation of visual ability and therefore quality of life, regardless of the cause of VI, needs to be considered when managing individuals with VI. Furthermore, younger adolescents may experience more difficulty coping with VI than older adolescents. The results of this study form a baseline for future studies to compare the visual ability of adolescents with VI attending mainstream schools.
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Al-Namaeh, Mashael. "Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly." Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology 10, no. 4 (February 24, 2022): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1438.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Aging is not a disease; rather, it is a process. As people age, visual impairment (VI) becomes more common. In 2010, the overall prevalence rate of vision impairment in all races was 25.66% in individuals aged ? 80 years, according to the estimate of the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health. This review aimed to address the common causes of VI in the elderly.
Methods: In this narrative review, an electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted using “visual impairment” and “elderly” for the period between January 2010 and April 2021, to include randomized clinical trials and observational studies concerning VI in the elderly. The selected time period was chosen to provide an updated review.
Results: The search yielded 2,955 articles published over the period of more than 11 years. The relevant randomized clinical trials or observational studies were included and reviewed. Cataracts, refractive errors, open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy were the most common age-related ocular disorders leading to VI if untreated in the elderly. The loss of visual acuity can adversely affect quality of life in the elderly. Difficulty with activities of daily living related to VI can lead to social isolation, depression, and anxiety. Loss of vision in the elderly is linked to an increased risk of falls, hip fracture, depression, and poor quality of life.
Conclusions: The most common causes of VI in the elderly are cataracts and refractive errors. VI in most ocular diseases is more prevalent in women than in men due to longer lifespan. The overall prevalence of the main causes of VI in the elderly is expected to increase; therefore, health policymakers should consider this when planning for the health-enhancement program of the population.
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Wrzesińska, Magdalena Agnieszka, Klaudia Tabała, and Patryk Stecz. "Gaming Behaviors among Polish Students with Visual Impairment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041545.
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The access of people with disabilities to digital solutions promotes their inclusion and participation in many aspects of life. Computer games based on hearing or haptic devices have been gaining popularity among persons with visual impairment (VI), and players tend to display improved spatial and abstract reasoning skills, as well as better social interaction and self-confidence, after playing these games. However, a recent survey suggested that excessive gaming could represent a public health concern as a harmful form of behavior in young people associated with risk factors of negative psychosomatic and physical complaints. Young persons with VI are regular users of various technologies, but little is still known about their media patterns. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the variables associated with gaming for adolescents with VI. The participants were 490 students, aged 13–24 years, from special schools for students with VI. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The current survey indicated a tendency towards excessive gaming in a significant proportion of young persons with VI. Sociodemographic variables are important in predicting gaming prevalence or screen time, but further research focused on establishing possible mediators (such as parental attitudes towards media) are necessary for identifying problematic gaming behaviors among students with VI.
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Bilal, R., and R. Alsuhaibani. "Orthodontists’ Attitude and Practice in the Provision of Orthodontic Treatment for Patients with Visual and Hearing Impairments." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 1465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551465.
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Aim: To determine the behavior and attitudes of orthodontists toward providing orthodontic care for patients with visual impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI). Method: This cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire that was completed by forty orthodontists. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions about past educational lectures and training in the field of special needs, as well as orthodontist’s enthusiasm, confidence, and experience in the provision of treatment for patients with special needs. A five point’s Likert scale was developed and used to determine the attitude of orthodontists towards providing orthodontic treatment for patients with visual impairment (VI Scale) and hearing impairment (HI Scale). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the orthodontist’s degrees and their country of postgraduate study in determining their general foundation and attitude towards special needs care. Furthermore, the total years of experience was found to be irrelevant. Orthodontists tended to have a more favorable attitude toward patients with HI than toward patients with VI. (P=0.007) Conclusion: People with sensory impairments cannot be considered a homogeneous group. Insight into the treatment needs for different groups of persons with disabilities is required in order to enhance treatment planning and the quality of life of these patients. Keywords: orthodontist; orthodontic treatment, behavior; attitude; patients; visual and hearing impairments.
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Swenor, Bonnielin, beatriz Munoz, and Eleanor M. Simonsick. "VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND ENGAGEMENT IN COGNITIVELY STIMULATING ACTIVITIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2432.
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Abstract We examined the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities using data from 924 participants in the Cognitive Vitality Sub-Study of the Health ABC Study. At Year 3 (baseline for these analyses), vision was assessed as: visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and stereo acuity (SA). Participation in cognitively stimulating activities was determined based on responses to 12 questions (administered at Years 3, 5, 7, and 9) assessing frequency of participation ranging from none to daily. We calculated the total number of activities engaged in at least monthly. In cross-sectional analyses adjusted for age, race, and sex, impaired VA (≤20/40, 8%), CS (<1.55, 5%), and SA (<80 secs arc, 29%) was associated with participation in fewer cognitive activities (β=-0.54, 95% CI:-1.06, -0.03; β=-0.59, 95% CI:-0.12, 0.06; β=-0.40, 95% CI:-0.81, -0.18, respectively). Longitudinally, change per year in the number of activities differed by baseline participation levels. Those participating in ≥5 activities at baseline (population median) had a significant decline in the number of activities, irrespective of VI status. However, for those participating in <5 activities at baseline, the increase in these activities tended to be lesser in the VI than in non-VI groups, and for SA this increase was significantly lower for the impaired group (βimpaired=0.004; 95% CI:-0.05, 0.05; βnot-impaired=0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.10; time x SA interaction p=0.0496). These data indicate that older adults with VI participate in fewer cognitive activities and the change in participation over time differs from than those without VI.
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Alison M, Mackay. "VEP visual acuity in children with cortical visual impairment." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 6, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijceo.1001047.
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Given improvements in neonatal care and the increased survival rates of infants born pre-term, Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is now the leading cause of visual impairment (VI) in the developed world. In this study, Step VEPS, transient VEPS and Vernier Sweep VEPs all demonstrated unbiased relationships with Preferential looking (PL) cards over the whole range of Visual Acuity (VA) in children with CVI, allowing equations for clinical use to be derived. The results also suggested that a slower, vernier steady-state stimulus of 80% contrast and presented with the Step VEP algorithm could further improve VA agreement with PL and optimise developmental sensitivity. An eye tracking device has proved very useful in the clinical assessment of this cohort. It is also now known that children can have good VA and CVI, and that sweep VEPS can highlight higher processing deficits. As well as negative findings, compensatory neuroplasticity is thought to occur during maturation and it is now realistic to study this mechanism, and other age-related changes across VI with functional tests and neuroimaging (including VEPS). A cross-sectional study of adults would highlight CVI’s ultimate functional limitations.
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Agnieszka Wrzesińska, Magdalena, Kamila Knol-Michałowska, Patryk Stecz, Monika Kopytowska, and Katarzyna Binder-Olibrowska. "Internet risky behaviours among youth with visual impairment." PeerJ 9 (November 30, 2021): e12376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12376.
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Background Young individuals with visual impairment (VI), exposed to higher risky of social exclusion, might be more prone to Internet risky behaviours including electronic aggression. Objective Different types of Internet risky behaviours and the average time spent online were investigated among students with VI. These behaviours were analyzed for the relationship with witnessing, perpetrating and becoming a victim of electronic aggression. Methods A total of 490 special needs school students with VI answered a self-administered questionnaire. The average time spent online, different types of risky Internet activities and electronic aggression were recorded, as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Results Male students downloaded software illegally, hacked, published and viewed sites with sexual content, and gambled online statistically more often than female counterparts. Concerning electronic aggression, more than half of participants were engaged as witnesses, every fifth student as a victim and 11.6% as perpetrators. Two sets of ordinal logistic regression analyses have shown that communication with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during weekends predicted significantly the risk of witnessing and being a victim of electronic aggression. Additionally, communicating with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during schooldays were associated with increased odds for engagement in electronic aggression as a perpetrator. Conclusions Population with VI is prone to risky Internet use and likely to be engaged in electronic aggression. New instruments and preventive strategies need to be developed, as well as diagnostic tools tailored specifically to the needs of young people with VI.
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Joseph, Mary-Anne M., and Mona Robinson. "Vocational Experiences of College-Educated Individuals with Visual Impairments." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.43.4.21.
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This article describes the vocational experiences of college-educated individuals with visual impairments (VI). The participants were 16 college graduates and college students with VI, ages 19-55 years. The data were derived from qualitative research of phenomenological case studies and focused on six primary themes: (a) employers' lack of knowledge about VI (b) the need for self-advocacy, (c) benefits and limitations of working in companies with primarily VI populations, (d) lack of work experience, (e) barriers posed by inaccessible technology, and (f) barriers related to lack of transportation. The results indicated that improvements in the following areas are vital to increase the vocational success of college-educated individuals with VI: (a) employers' education about visual impairment, (b) improved self-advocacy skills, (c) higher levels of vocational experience, and (d) improved access to technology and transportation.
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Elmadina, Abdelaziz M., Atif Babiker Ali, Saif H. Alrasheed, Sulaiman Aldakhil, Mohammed Alluwimi, and Roghia Abdarshead Derar. "Demographic Characteristics and Causes of Visual Impairment in the White Nile State of Sudan: A Hospital-based Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (June 30, 2022): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9028.
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Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) states that visual impairment (VI) is a reduction of vision functions due to eye diseases, trauma, and congenital eye conditions. Current estimates indicate that more than 90% of people with vision impairment live in rural and developing countries.
AIM: This study aimed to determine demographic characteristics and causes of visual impairment in the White Nile State of Sudan
METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study, including all patients attending Kosti and Rabak eye hospitals from January to December 2017, was conducted. A total of 1000 records were reviewed, 300 of them met the required criteria and then included in this study, with a mean age of 59.8 ± 18.5 (ranging from 10 to 95) years old. Visual impairment was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision, 2018 (ICD-11).
RESULTS: The prevalence of VI was found at 28.5 %. Based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 6 participants (2.0%) were mild VI, 32 (10.7%) had moderate VI, 152 (50.7%) had severe VI, and 110 (36.7%) were blind. VI was associated with patients' age in children (3.6%) and reached (48.3) in older age (P=0.001). VI was more common among males 158 (52.7%) than females but was statistically not significant (P=0.35). The main causes of VI were cataract (52%), refractive errors (20.7%), glaucoma (16.3%), corneal disorders (5.3%), diabetic retinopathy (1.7 %), and other causes (4%).
Conclusion Visual impairment was high in the community and more prevalent among older age. Cataract was the leading cause of VI, then refractive errors and glaucoma. Among children, uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts were the common leading causes of VI. In adults, the main causes were cataracts, uncorrected refractive errors, and glaucoma.
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da Cunha, Luana Dias, Mariana Almeida Melo Proença, Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues, Adriana Fátima Vasconcelos Pereira, and Bruno Braga Benatti. "Relationship between periodontal status and degree of visual impairment in institutionalized individuals." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 03 (July 2015): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.163322.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Periodontal disease is a set of inflammatory infections that affect the supporting structures of the dentition. Patients with visual impairment (VI) may have more difficulty in cleaning and maintaining oral health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between periodontal status and degree of VI in institutionalized individuals. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two visually impaired individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. The periodontal parameters assessed were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and visible plaque index. The degree of VI was established as: Group 1 (mild or moderate VI), Group 2 (severe or profound VI), and Group 3 (completely blind); and the types of VI were considered as congenital and acquired. Fisher's exact, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation coefficient test were used. The level of significance was set at 5%. Result: Only plaque index was higher on proximal surfaces of subjects with mild/moderate VI when compared to the other degrees of VI (P = 0.01). Furthermore, we observed higher values for interproximal CAL (P = 0.01), total PD (P = 0.04), and interproximal PD in subjects with acquired VI when compared to subjects with congenital VI (P = 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that periodontal status may be more related to the type of disability than with the degree of VI. Acquired VI people presented a worse periodontal health than the group with congenital VI.
Books on the topic "Visual impairment (VI)"
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Magee, Anne Patricia. Meeting the needs of children with a visual impairment: The role of the VI advisory service. [S.l: The author], 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Visual impairment (VI)"
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Abdu Seid, Mohammed, Mengistie Diress, Yonas Akalu, and Baye Dagnew Mekonnon. "Visual Impairment and Its Associated Factors among People Living with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at Dessie Town Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020." In Lifestyle-Related Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105793.
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Visual impairment (VI) is a functional limitation of the eye(s) that results in reduced visual acuity, visual field loss, visual distortion, perceptual difficulties, or any combination of the above. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common causes of VI. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of VI in diabetes individuals. Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out, and VI was measured using visual acuity test. We used Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS - 21for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. To find statistically linked factors of VI, we used both binary and multivariable logistic regression. The strength of association was estimated using AOR at 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p less than 0.05. The present study revealed 37.58% of people have VI, which is statistically linked to age, lack of regular exercise, diabetes for >5 years, insulin treatment, and poor glycemic control. Finally, individuals with T2DM who had VI accounted for more than a third of those treated in Dessie town hospitals. Advanced age, poor frequent exercise, longer duration of diabetes, and insulin are predictors. To lower the risk of VI and visual loss, early identification of VI through screening and regular follow-up is recommended.
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Mustafa, Ashraf. "Orientation and Mobility Instructions for the Visually Impaired." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 114–29. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4680-5.ch007.
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Orientation and mobility (O&M) are recognized as integral components of the expanded core curriculum for students with visual impairment, so learners with visual impairment require direct and sequential instruction provided by an O&M specialist to be able to acquire the skills necessary to interact with others. This chapter will focus on O&M instructions with visually impaired (VI) children, a group neglected when the profession was established. To contextualize this, the chapter begins with a brief history of O&M, before reviewing various definitions of O&M and highlighting a professional philosophical approach to O&M intervention. The chapter will focus on the role of O&M specialists, then describe the core O&M techniques, as an understanding of these techniques is required to appreciate the traditional resistance to the implementation of O&M intervention with children. Also, the chapter discusses the O&M assessment for VI before concluding and discussing different techniques for O&M skills.
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Pring, Linda, and Valerie Tadić. "The Behavioral and Cognitive Manifestations of Blindness in Children." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0063.
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Ground-breaking progress in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders has allowed us far more insight into blindness and visual impairment (VI). The field of cognitive neuroscience has now established itself solidly in the literature, combining the knowledge from cognitive psychology, clinical studies related to brain damage, and neuroscience to open the way to significant advances in understanding. In recent years, the optimism engendered from the adult studies has played a large part in providing the impetus for developmental studies and in particular developmental neuroscience (Johnson 2005; Tager-Flusberg 1999). It is from this developmental neuroscience perspective that we can begin to understand the cognitive and behavioral manifestations associated with blindness and VI; albeit with the proviso that children with VI present particularly heterogeneous developmental patterns when compared to typically developing children (Fraiberg 1971). In considering the effects of blindness and VI, this chapter will focus on social understanding, language, cognition, and motor development. However, it begins with brief introductions to epidemiology and the effects of blindness on the functional and structural organization of the brain, which it is hoped will provide a useful context in which to consider the development of children who cannot see. Today the number of blind people in the world stands at 45 million, even though up to 75% of blindness could be avoided either by treatment or by prevention. The number of people with avoidable blindness will have doubled from 1990 to 2020 unless there is rapid and effective intervention, and the total number of the blind is projected to be as many as 76 million by 2020. To prevent this scenario, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) have jointly initiated Vision 2020, a project that aims to eliminate the main causes of avoidable blindness by the year 2020, with the ultimate long-term goal of a world in which all avoidable blindness is eliminated and in which everyone with unavoidable vision loss reaches their full potential. The top priority of Vision 2020 is the prevention of childhood blindness. At present there are 1.4 million children under the age of 15 who are blind.