Journal articles: 'Visual familiarity'

1

Koriat, Asher, and Joel Norman. "Mental rotation and visual familiarity." Perception & Psychophysics 37, no. 5 (September 1985): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03202874.

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Pashler, Harold. "Familiarity and visual change detection." Perception & Psychophysics 44, no. 4 (July 1988): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03210419.

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Fagan, Joseph F., and Kathleen A. Kleiner. "Neonatal preferences for visual familiarity." Infant Behavior and Development 9 (April 1986): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(86)80116-3.

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Garrido, L., J. S. Cant, Y. Xu, and K. Nakayama. "Visual familiarity influences representations of faces." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.592.

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Kissinger, Samuel T., Alexandr Pak, Yu Tang, Sotiris C. Masmanidis, and Alexander A. Chubykin. "Oscillatory Encoding of Visual Stimulus Familiarity." Journal of Neuroscience 38, no. 27 (June 18, 2018): 6223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3646-17.2018.

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Wang, Qinqin, Patrick Cavanagh, and Marc Green. "Familiarity and pop-out in visual search." Perception & Psychophysics 56, no. 5 (September 1994): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03206946.

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Lee, D., and S. Quessy. "Scene familiarity facilitates visual search in monkeys." Journal of Vision 2, no. 7 (March 15, 2010): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.531.

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Jackson, Margaret C., and Jane E. Raymond. "Familiarity enhances visual working memory for faces." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34, no. 3 (June 2008): 556–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.34.3.556.

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Pongrácz, Péter, András Péter, and Ádám Miklósi. "Familiarity with images affects how dogs (Canis familiaris) process life-size video projections of humans." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 6 (January 1, 2018): 1457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1333623.

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A central problem of behavioural studies providing artificial visual stimuli for non-human animals is to determine how subjects perceive and process these stimuli. Especially in the case of videos, it is important to ascertain that animals perceive the actual content of the images and are not just reacting to the motion cues in the presentation. In this study, we set out to investigate how dogs process life-sized videos. We aimed to find out whether dogs perceive the actual content of video images or whether they only react to the videos as a set of dynamic visual elements. For this purpose, dogs were presented with an object search task where a life-sized projected human was hiding a target object. The videos were either normally oriented or displayed upside down, and we analysed dogs’ reactions towards the projector screen after the video presentations, and their performance in the search task. Results indicated that in the case of the normally oriented videos, dogs spontaneously perceived the actual content of the images. However, the ‘Inverted’ videos were first processed as a set of unrelated visual elements, and only after some exposure to these videos did the dogs show signs of perceiving the unusual configuration of the depicted scene. Our most important conclusion was that dogs process the same type of artificial visual stimuli in different ways, depending on the familiarity of the depicted scene, and that the processing mode can change with exposure to unfamiliar stimuli.

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Xie, Weizhen, and Weiwei Zhang. "Familiarity Speeds Up Visual Short-term Memory Consolidation: Electrophysiological Evidence from Contralateral Delay Activities." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01188.

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To test how preexisting long-term memory influences visual STM, this study takes advantage of individual differences in participants' prior familiarity with Pokémon characters and uses an ERP component, the contralateral delay activity (CDA), to assess whether observers' prior stimulus familiarity affects STM consolidation and storage capacity. In two change detection experiments, consolidation speed, as indexed by CDA fractional area latency and/or early-window (500–800 msec) amplitude, was significantly associated with individual differences in Pokémon familiarity. In contrast, the number of remembered Pokémon stimuli, as indexed by Cowan's K and late-window (1500–2000 msec) CDA amplitude, was significantly associated with individual differences in Pokémon familiarity when STM consolidation was incomplete because of a short presentation of Pokémon stimuli (500 msec, Experiment 2), but not when STM consolidation was allowed to complete given sufficient encoding time (1000 msec, Experiment 1). Similar findings were obtained in between-group analyses when participants were separated into high-familiarity and low-familiarity groups based on their Pokémon familiarity ratings. Together, these results suggest that stimulus familiarity, as a proxy for the strength of preexisting long-term memory, primarily speeds up STM consolidation, which may subsequently lead to an increase in the number of remembered stimuli if consolidation is incomplete. These findings thus highlight the importance of research assessing how effects on representations (e.g., STM capacity) are in general related to (or even caused by) effects on processes (e.g., STM consolidation) in cognition.

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Ragni, Flavio, Angelika Lingnau, and Luca Turella. "Decoding category and familiarity information during visual imagery." NeuroImage 241 (November 2021): 118428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118428.

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Jurjanz, Luisa, Markus Donix, Eva C. Amanatidis, Shirin Meyer, Katrin Poettrich, Thomas Huebner, Damaris Baeumler, Michael N. Smolka, and Vjera A. Holthoff. "Visual Personal Familiarity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment." PLoS ONE 6, no. 5 (May 20, 2011): e20030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020030.

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Xie, Weizhen, and Weiwei Zhang. "Familiarity speeds up visual short-term memory consolidation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 43, no. 6 (2017): 1207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000355.

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Manahova, Mariya E., Eelke Spaak, and Floris P. de Lange. "Familiarity Increases Processing Speed in the Visual System." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 4 (April 2020): 722–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01507.

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Familiarity with a stimulus leads to an attenuated neural response to the stimulus. Alongside this attenuation, recent studies have also observed a truncation of stimulus-evoked activity for familiar visual input. One proposed function of this truncation is to rapidly put neurons in a state of readiness to respond to new input. Here, we examined this hypothesis by presenting human participants with target stimuli that were embedded in rapid streams of familiar or novel distractor stimuli at different speeds of presentation, while recording brain activity using magnetoencephalography and measuring behavioral performance. We investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of signal truncation and whether this phenomenon bears relationship to participants' ability to categorize target items within a visual stream. Behaviorally, target categorization performance was markedly better when the target was embedded within familiar distractors, and this benefit became more pronounced with increasing speed of presentation. Familiar distractors showed a truncation of neural activity in the visual system. This truncation was strongest for the fastest presentation speeds and peaked in progressively more anterior cortical regions as presentation speeds became slower. Moreover, the neural response evoked by the target was stronger when this target was preceded by familiar distractors. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that item familiarity results in a truncated neural response, is associated with stronger processing of relevant target information, and leads to superior perceptual performance.

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Greene, Harold H., and Keith Rayner. "Eye movements and familiarity effects in visual search." Vision Research 41, no. 27 (December 2001): 3763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00154-7.

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Gobbini, M. Ida, and James V. Haxby. "Neural response to the visual familiarity of faces." Brain Research Bulletin 71, no. 1-3 (December 2006): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.08.003.

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Gauthier, Isabel. "Visual priming: The ups and downs of familiarity." Current Biology 10, no. 20 (October 2000): R753—R756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00738-7.

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HORI, Juri, Kenta YAMADA, and Fumiyo YAMASHITA. "Effects on Familiarity and Visual angle of Warnings." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 1EV156. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_1ev156.

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Kim, Jiyoun. "Affective states, familiarity and music selection: power of familiarity." International Journal of Arts and Technology 4, no. 1 (2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijart.2011.037771.

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Okuyama, Teruhiro, Saori Yokoi, Hideki Abe, Yasuko Isoe, Yuji Suehiro, Haruka Imada, Minoru Tanaka, et al. "A Neural Mechanism Underlying Mating Preferences for Familiar Individuals in Medaka Fish." Science 343, no. 6166 (January 2, 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1244724.

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Social familiarity affects mating preference among various vertebrates. Here, we show that visual contact of a potential mating partner before mating (visual familiarization) enhances female preference for the familiarized male, but not for an unfamiliarized male, in medaka fish. Terminal-nerve gonadotropin-releasing hormone 3 (TN-GnRH3) neurons, an extrahypothalamic neuromodulatory system, function as a gate for activating mating preferences based on familiarity. Basal levels of TN-GnRH3 neuronal activity suppress female receptivity for any male (default mode). Visual familiarization facilitates TN-GnRH3 neuron activity (preference mode), which correlates with female preference for the familiarized male. GnRH3 peptides, which are synthesized specifically in TN-GnRH3 neurons, are required for the mode-switching via self-facilitation. Our study demonstrates the central neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of medaka female mating preference based on visual social familiarity.

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Meinecke, C. "Texture Segmentation and the Familiarity Effect." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970078.

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Texture segmentation performance is usually defined as being data-driven and bottom - up: visual features of the stimulus—like orientation differences between target and background texture elements—are then evaluated automatically. The question investigated in the experiments reported here is: Are there some hints that not only ‘pure visual features’ determine segmentation performance, but other factors like the familiarity of the stimulus material already exert an influence at these early stages of information processing? The familiarity effect is revealed by better performance when detecting an unfamiliar element embedded in familiar elements (eg an inverted letter ‘N’ among correct ‘N's) compared with the familiar element embedded in unfamiliar elements (see, eg, Frith, 1974 Perception & Psychophysics16 113 – 116). In a series of experiments, spatial and temporal factors of the stimulus conditions (eg density, jitter, display size, presentation time) have been varied, so as to determine the constraints under which the familiarity effect influences texture-segmentation performance. Results showed that the familiarity of texture elements had a rather strong influence on early visual processes. This influence disappeared only under very restricted display conditions (very short presentation time, very high density). This provides further information on which framing conditions are typical for data-driven early vision processes.

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Mischenko, Elizaveta, Ippei Negishi, Elena S. Gorbunova, and Tadamasa Sawada. "Examining the Role of Familiarity in the Perception of Depth." Vision 4, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision4020021.

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Bishop Berkeley suggested that the distance of an object can be estimated if the object’s size is familiar to the observer. It has been suggested that humans can perceive the distance of the object by using such “familiarity” information, but most or many of the prior experiments that found an effect of familiarity were not designed to minimize or eliminate potential influences of: higher cognitive factors on the observers’ responses, or the influences of low-level image features in the visual stimuli used. We looked for the familiarity effect in two experiments conducted both in Russia and Japan. The visual stimuli used were images of three coins used in Russia and Japan. The participants’ depth perception was measured with a multiple-choice task testing the perceived depth-order of the coins. Our expectation was that any effect of “familiarity” on depth perception would only be observed with the coins of the participant’s country. We expected a substantial familiarity effect based on our meta-analysis of the “familiarity” effects observed in prior experiments. But, our results in both experiments showed that the familiarity effect was virtually zero. These findings suggest that the importance of a familiarity effect in depth perception should be reconsidered.

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Manahova, Mariya E., Pim Mostert, Peter Kok, Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, and Floris P. de Lange. "Stimulus Familiarity and Expectation Jointly Modulate Neural Activity in the Visual Ventral Stream." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 9 (September 2018): 1366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01281.

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Prior knowledge about the visual world can change how a visual stimulus is processed. Two forms of prior knowledge are often distinguished: stimulus familiarity (i.e., whether a stimulus has been seen before) and stimulus expectation (i.e., whether a stimulus is expected to occur, based on the context). Neurophysiological studies in monkeys have shown suppression of spiking activity both for expected and for familiar items in object-selective inferotemporal cortex. It is an open question, however, if and how these types of knowledge interact in their modulatory effects on the sensory response. To address this issue and to examine whether previous findings generalize to noninvasively measured neural activity in humans, we separately manipulated stimulus familiarity and expectation while noninvasively recording human brain activity using magnetoencephalography. We observed independent suppression of neural activity by familiarity and expectation, specifically in the lateral occipital complex, the putative human homologue of monkey inferotemporal cortex. Familiarity also led to sharpened response dynamics, which was predominantly observed in early visual cortex. Together, these results show that distinct types of sensory knowledge jointly determine the amount of neural resources dedicated to object processing in the visual ventral stream.

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Zannino, Gian Daniele, Francesco Barban, Emiliano Macaluso, Carlo Caltagirone, and Giovanni A. Carlesimo. "The Neural Correlates of Object Familiarity and Domain Specificity in the Human Visual Cortex: An fMRI Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 10 (October 2011): 2878–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21629.

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Ventral occipito-temporal cortex is known to play a major role in visual object recognition. Still unknown is whether object familiarity and semantic domain are critical factors in its functional organization. Most models assume a functional locus where exemplars of familiar categories are represented: the structural description system. On the assumption that familiarity should modulate the effect of visual noise on form recognition, we attempted to individualize the structural description system by scanning healthy subjects while they looked at familiar (living and nonliving things) and novel 3-D objects, either with increasing or decreasing visual noise. Familiarity modulated the visual noise effect (particularly when familiar items were living things), revealing a substrate for the structural description system in right occipito-temporal cortex. These regions also responded preferentially to living as compared to nonliving items. Overall, these results suggest that living items are particularly reliant on the structural description system.

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Wiese, Holger, Simone C. Tüttenberg, Brandon T. Ingram, Chelsea Y. X. Chan, Zehra Gurbuz, A. Mike Burton, and Andrew W. Young. "A Robust Neural Index of High Face Familiarity." Psychological Science 30, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618813572.

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Humans are remarkably accurate at recognizing familiar faces, whereas their ability to recognize, or even match, unfamiliar faces is much poorer. However, previous research has failed to identify neural correlates of this striking behavioral difference. Here, we found a clear difference in brain potentials elicited by highly familiar faces versus unfamiliar faces. This effect starts 200 ms after stimulus onset and reaches its maximum at 400 to 600 ms. This sustained-familiarity effect was substantially larger than previous candidates for a neural familiarity marker and was detected in almost all participants, representing a reliable index of high familiarity. Whereas its scalp distribution was consistent with a generator in the ventral visual pathway, its modulation by repetition and degree of familiarity suggests an integration of affective and visual information.

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Marmurek, Harvey H. C. "Familiarity effects and word unitization in visual comparison tasks." Memory & Cognition 17, no. 4 (July 1989): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03202622.

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Flowers, John H., and Doris J. Lohr. "How does familiarity affect visual search for letter strings?" Perception & Psychophysics 37, no. 6 (November 1985): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03204922.

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Blalock, Lisa Durrance. "Stimulus familiarity improves consolidation of visual working memory representations." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 77, no. 4 (February 27, 2015): 1143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0823-z.

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Buttle, Heather, and Jane E. Raymond. "High familiarity enhances visual change detection for face stimuli." Perception & Psychophysics 65, no. 8 (November 2003): 1296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03194853.

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Yonelinas, A., W. Zhang, and K. Shapiro. "Enhanced Familiarity with Sequential Presentations in Visual Working Memory." Journal of Vision 12, no. 9 (August 10, 2012): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.9.359.

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Brunet, Nicolas, and Bharathi Jagadeesh. "Familiarity with visual stimuli boosts recency bias in macaques." PeerJ 7 (November 25, 2019): e8105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8105.

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To probe how non-human primates (NHPs) decode temporal dynamic stimuli, we used a two-alternative forced choice task (2AFC), where the cue was dynamic: a movie snippet drawn from an animation that transforms one image into another. When the cue was drawn from either the beginning or end of the animation, thus heavily weighted towards one (the target) of both images (the choice pair), then primates performed at high levels of accuracy. For a subset of trials, however, the cue was ambiguous, drawn from the middle of the animation, containing information that could be associated to either image. Those trials, rewarded randomly and independent of choice, offered an opportunity to study the strategy the animals used trying to decode the cue. Despite being ambiguous, the primates exhibited a clear strategy, suggesting they were not aware that reward was given non-differentially. More specifically, they relied more on information provided at the end than at the beginning of those cues, consistent with the recency effect reported by numerous serial position studies. Interestingly and counterintuitively, this effect became stronger for sessions where the primates were already familiar with the stimuli. In other words, despite having rehearsed with the same stimuli in a previous session, the animals relied even more on a decision strategy that did not yield any benefits during a previous session. In the discussion section we speculate on what might cause this behavioral shift towards stronger bias, as well as why this behavior shows similarities with a repetition bias in humans known as the illusory truth effect.

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Huang, Ge, Suchitra Ramachandran, Tai Sing Lee, and Carl R. Olson. "Neural Correlate of Visual Familiarity in Macaque Area V2." Journal of Neuroscience 38, no. 42 (September 4, 2018): 8967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0664-18.2018.

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van Dalen, Gerald J. J., Kimberly N. McGuire, and Guido C. H. E. de Croon. "Visual Homing for Micro Aerial Vehicles Using Scene Familiarity." Unmanned Systems 06, no. 02 (April 2018): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s230138501850005x.

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Autonomous navigation is a major challenge in the development of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs). Especially, when an algorithm has to be efficient, insect intelligence can be a source of inspiration. One of the elementary navigation tasks of insects and robots is “homing”, which is the task of returning to an initial starting position. A promising approach uses learned visual familiarity of a route to determine reference headings during homing. In this paper, an existing biological proof-of-concept is transferred to an algorithm for micro drones, using vision-in-the-loop experiments in indoor environments. An artificial neural network determines which control actions to take place.

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Dampuré, Julien, Christine Ros, Jean-François Rouet, and Nicolas Vibert. "How Word Familiarity Facilitates Visual Search for Verbal Material." Applied Cognitive Psychology 26, no. 2 (July 29, 2011): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.1821.

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Lulham, Andrew, Rafal Bogacz, Simon Vogt, and Malcolm W. Brown. "An Infomax Algorithm Can Perform Both Familiarity Discrimination and Feature Extraction in a Single Network." Neural Computation 23, no. 4 (April 2011): 909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00097.

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Psychological experiments have shown that the capacity of the brain for discriminating visual stimuli as novel or familiar is almost limitless. Neurobiological studies have established that the perirhinal cortex is critically involved in both familiarity discrimination and feature extraction. However, opinion is divided as to whether these two processes are performed by the same neurons. Previously proposed models have been unable to simultaneously extract features and discriminate familiarity for large numbers of stimuli. We show that a well-known model of visual feature extraction, Infomax, can simultaneously perform familiarity discrimination and feature extraction efficiently. This model has a significantly larger capacity than previously proposed models combining these two processes, particularly when correlation exists between inputs, as is the case in the perirhinal cortex. Furthermore, we show that once the model fully extracts features, its ability to perform familiarity discrimination increases markedly.

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Abdul Manaf, Ahmad Azaini, Siti Nor Fatihah Ismail, and Mohd Rosli Arshad. "PERCEIVED VISUAL CGI FAMILIARITY TOWARDS UNCANNY VALLEY THEORY IN FILM." International Journal of Applied and Creative Arts 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijaca.1575.2019.

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In the enhancement of the advanced technology, the uncanny valley is becoming a high-stakes concern of the entertainment industry to produce good films and animations (Chaminade et al., 2007). Therefore, this study aims to analyse participants’ familiarity towards the usage of digital characters as actors. Then, this article is to convey on how the uncanny valley factors affect audience’s attention in watching films with computer graphic imagery (CGI) elements in films. The researcher has selected visual stimuli that are divided into (4 x 4 factorial design) with 2 subjects of realistic and accurate human characters, meanwhile the second stimuli, researcher selected 2 subjects with minimum characteristic of human likeness. The surveys conducted are self-administered manner with combination of videos and images, distributed online via email and social network. This research concludes, the more familiarity and expectations of the audiences, the higher discomfort feeling when looking to a CGI made character. This illustrates that the longer a duration of CG actors in action, the higher significant weaknesses and substantial of superficial visuals. Therefore, this research is beneficial to assists artists and digital creative directors in digital actor’s creation, and guidance for developing more realistic actors in future projects.

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Streri, Arlette, and Michèle Molina. "Visual–Tactual and Tactual–Visual Transfer between Objects and Pictures in 2-Month-Old Infants." Perception 22, no. 11 (November 1993): 1299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221299.

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Previous studies have provided evidence for transfer of perception of object shape from touch to vision, but not from vision to touch, in young infants. Previous studies also indicate that intermodal recognition can produce a preference either for a matching or for a nonmatching object. We investigated the causes of asymmetries in intermodal transfer and of familiarity preference versus novelty preference in transfer tasks. The data support three conclusions: (i) Transfer from vision to touch is possible under certain conditions and is facilitated by the use of two-dimensional (2-D) visual representations rather than three-dimensional (3-D) visual objects, (ii) The direction of preferences in a transfer task depends on the degree of dissimilarity between the haptically and visually presented objects. Familiarity preferences increase with increasing difference between the object to be recognised and the familiar object, (iii) Infants are able to perceive the 3-D shape of an object both visually and haptically, and they are sensitive both to commonalities and to discrepancies between the shapes of 3-D objects and of their 2-D representations. Hierarchical levels of perceptual processing are proposed to account for these findings.

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Rauschenberger, Robert, and Hengqing Chu. "The effects of stimulus rotation and familiarity in visual search." Perception & Psychophysics 68, no. 5 (July 2006): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193700.

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Schems Maimon, Yael, and Roy Luria. "The role of familiarity in determining visual working memory capacity." Journal of Vision 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.11.1092.

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Rauschenberger, R., and H. Chu. "The effects of familiarity on encoding efficiency in visual search." Journal of Vision 5, no. 8 (March 16, 2010): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.8.423.

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Connine, Cynthia M., John Mullennix, Eve Shernoff, and Jennifer Yelen. "Word familiarity and frequency in visual and auditory word recognition." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 16, no. 6 (1990): 1084–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.16.6.1084.

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Rappaport, Sarah J., M. Jane Riddoch, Magda Chechlacz, and Glyn W. Humphreys. "Unconscious Familiarity-based Color–Form Binding: Evidence from Visual Extinction." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 3 (March 2016): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00904.

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There is good evidence that early visual processing involves the coding of different features in independent brain regions. A major question, then, is how we see the world in an integrated manner, in which the different features are “bound” together. A standard account of this has been that feature binding depends on attention to the stimulus, which enables only the relevant features to be linked together [Treisman, A., & Gelade, G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97–136, 1980]. Here we test this influential idea by examining whether, in patients showing visual extinction, the processing of otherwise unconscious (extinguished) stimuli is modulated by presenting objects in their correct (familiar) color. Correctly colored objects showed reduced extinction when they had a learned color, and this color matched across the ipsi- and contralesional items (red strawberry + red tomato). In contrast, there was no reduction in extinction under the same conditions when the stimuli were colored incorrectly (blue strawberry + blue tomato; Experiment 1). The result was not due to the speeded identification of a correctly colored ipsilesional item, as there was no benefit from having correctly colored objects in different colors (red strawberry + yellow lemon; Experiment 2). There was also no benefit to extinction from presenting the correct colors in the background of each item (Experiment 3). The data suggest that learned color–form binding can reduce extinction even when color is irrelevant for the task. The result is consistent with preattentive binding of color and shape for familiar stimuli.

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Xie, Weizhen, and Weiwei Zhang. "Effects of Familiarity on Visual Short-Term Memory for Pokémon." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.366.

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Sartori, Giuseppe, Michele Miozzo, and Remo Job. "Category-Specific Naming Impairments? Yes." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 46, no. 3 (August 1993): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749308401058.

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Recently, Stewart, Parkin, and Hunkin (1992) have questioned previously reported cases of selective damage in processing items from categories of animate objects, arguing that there has been a lack of adequate control for visual familiarity, visual complexity, and name frequency of the stimuli employed. When re-testing Michelangelo (see Sartori & Job, 1988), one of the patients cited by Stewart et al. (1992), with a set of materials matched on all three factors, the asymmetry in naming animal and artefact items still remains. An analogous pattern is obtained when–-in addition to such factors–-the visual similarity within the sub-sets of animals and artefacts is taken into account. These results constitute empirical evidence for category-specific impairments and cannot be interpreted as being due to isolated or conjoint effects of visual familiarity, visual complexity, or name frequency.

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Shibahara, Naoki, and Tadahisa Kondo. "Variables Affecting Naming Latency for Japanese Kanji: A Re-Analysis of Yamazaki, et al. (1997)." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3 (December 2002): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.741.

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Yamazaki, Ellis, Morrison, and Lambon Ralph in 1997 demonstrated that written and spoken age-of-acquisitions had a stronger effect on the naming latency of single Kanji words than any other variable including familiarity. The present study was designed to reanalyze Yamazaki, et al.'s data, using the ratings of written and spoken age-of-acquisitions and visual and auditory familiarities taken from the NTT lexical database. This analysis showed that visual familiarity exerted a stronger independent effect on naming latency than two types of age-of-acquisitions.

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Morrison, Catriona M. "Interpret with Caution: Multicollinearity in Multiple Regression of Cognitive Data." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 1 (August 2003): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.80.

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Shibihara and Kondo in 2002 reported a reanalysis of the 1997 Kanji picture-naming data of Yamazaki, Ellis, Morrison, and Lambon-Ralph in which independent variables were highly correlated. Their addition of the variable visual familiarity altered the previously reported pattern of results, indicating that visual familiarity, but not age of acquisition, was important in predicting Kanji naming speed. The present paper argues that caution should be taken when drawing conclusions from multiple regression analyses in which the independent variables are so highly correlated, as such multicollinearity can lead to unreliable output.

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Kronbichler, Martin, Jürgen Bergmann, Florian Hutzler, Wolfgang Staffen, Alois Mair, Gunther Ladurner, and Heinz Wimmer. "Taxi vs. Taksi: On Orthographic Word Recognition in the Left Ventral Occipitotemporal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 10 (October 2007): 1584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.10.1584.

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The importance of the left occipitotemporal cortex for visual word processing is highlighted by numerous functional neuroimaging studies, but the precise function of the visual word form area (VWFA) in this brain region is still under debate. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study varied orthographic familiarity independent from phonological-semantic familiarity by presenting orthographically familiar and orthographically unfamiliar forms (pseudohomophones) of the same words in a phonological lexical decision task. Consistent with orthographic word recognition in the VWFA, we found lower activation for familiar compared with unfamiliar forms, but no difference between pseudohomophones and pseudowords. This orthographic familiarity effect in the VWFA differed from the phonological familiarity effect in left frontal regions, where phonologically unfamiliar pseudowords led to higher activation than phonologically familiar pseudohomophones. We suggest that the VWFA not only computes letter string representations but also hosts word-specific orthographic representations. These representations function as recognition units with the effect that letter strings that readily match with stored representations lead to less activation than letter strings that do not.

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Shonfield, Julia. "The effect of familiarity on vigilance behaviour in grey squirrels." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v6i1.94.

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Introduction: Vigilance enables an animal to obtain information about the environment but often at a cost of reduced foraging rate. some environmental information may not change rapidly, so vigilance might be safely reduced with familiarity with an area. studies have noted this declinein vigilance with familiarity, but the reason for this decline has not been tested. Methods: I proposed and tested two hypotheses to explain this decline in vigilance. The safe experience hypothesis suggests the probability of a predator being nearby but undetected decreases with time spent in an area, enabling an animal to decrease its vigilance due to the reduced risk. The Visual experience hypothesis suggests that as time progresses vigilant animals acquire more information from their surroundings (e.g. refuge locations) allowing for a decrease in vigilance because an animal would not need to detect a predator as early if reaching a refuge required less time. grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) were used to test these hypotheses by feeding them peanut butter in an apparatus that limited their access to visual information by varying degrees. results: An effect of familiarity was evident by a sharp decline in vigilance rates within trials. squirrels adjusted vigilance postures to the different treatments, but the rate of decline in vigilance was unaffected by treatment. discussion: while vigilance is related to visual information, the decline in vigilance with familiarity is not related to the amount of visual information obtained from the environment, giving provisional support to the safe experience hypothesis.

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Maurer, Urs, Vera C. Blau, Yuliya N. Yoncheva, and Bruce D. McCandliss. "Development of Visual Expertise for Reading: Rapid Emergence of Visual Familiarity for an Artificial Script." Developmental Neuropsychology 35, no. 4 (June 29, 2010): 404–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2010.480916.

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Stevenage, Sarah V., Elizabeth A. Lee, and Nick Donnelly. "The Role of Familiarity in a Face Classification Task Using Thatcherized Faces." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 58, no. 6 (August 2005): 1103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000494.

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Two experiments are reported to test the proposition that facial familiarity influences processing on a face classification task. Thatcherization was used to generate distorted versions of familiar and unfamiliar individuals. Using both a 2AFC (which is “odd”?) task to pairs of images (Experiment 1) and an “odd/normal” task to single images (Experiment 2), results were consistent and indicated that familiarity with the target face facilitated the face classification decision. These results accord with the proposal that familiarity influences the early visual processing of faces. Results are evaluated with respect to four theoretical developments of Valentine's (1991) face-space model, and can be accommodated with the two models that assume familiarity to be encoded within a region of face space.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Visual familiarity'

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