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1
Trainer, Janette. "Art and ecology : a visual exploration." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/852.
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Within the broad theme of art and ecology, local ecological issues were explored through studio practice involving digital imagery, print making, and mixed media. The frame of reference for the creative project included a discussion of the representations of natural, social and cultural environments' by visual artists. As an art educator interested in developing "best practice" including interdisciplinary approaches across the curriculum with an emphasis on visual arts education, the researcher explored the connections between art and ecological concerns. The Curriculum Framework for Kindergarten to Year 12 Education in Western Australia (1998) provided a sound basis for action. In particular, the Values Outcome, Environmental Responsibility and the Present and Future Condition, Global Environmental Issues have significance for this project. Further, The Arts Outcome, Communicating Arts Ideas is a reminder to visual arts educators that ideas, thoughts and feelings may be transformed into art works. In the primary school setting, engagement with ecological issues has the potential to involve students in both group and individual projects. As an art maker, the creative arts project draws on an area of personal significance. The property, Toodyay Gums, at Lot 11 on the Northam/Toodyay Road, in the Avon Valley, north east of Perth became the site for investigation, research and the generation of artworks. The roles of art educator and art maker are brought together in a research question that forms the 'focus of the Creative Arts Project; To what' extent does visual arts practice give rise to a fuller understanding of ecological issues and new insights into a specific site? Documentation for the creative project takes the form of an exegesis, journal entries, visual diaries, and art works. The techniques of print making, digital imagery and mixed media provided the means of representing concepts and layers of experience. The art works produced during the course of the Creative Arts Project were exhibited at The Churchlands Studios, Edith Cowan University, 12•19 December 2002.
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Boulcott, Philip. "Visual ecology of the three-spined stickleback." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12414.
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Rosenthal, Gil Guastoni. "The behavioral ecology of visual signaling in swordtails /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Siebeck, Ulrike Elisabeth. "UV vision and visual ecology of reef fish /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16520.pdf.
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Dávolos, Domingos Rafael [UNESP]. "Poluição visual em Rio Claro (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95686.
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davolos_dr_me_rcla.pdf: 2253017 bytes, checksum: 4a970d9f08227d28c8c816925c462f6b (MD5)Diante de interferências esteticamente prejudiciais ao panorama natural ou urbano, faz-se necessário identificar a existência da poluição visual como o comprometimento aos valores ambientais, da mesma maneira como outras formas de poluição (do ar, das águas, do solo etc.). Dos excessos das propagandas comerciais às pichações, das monótonas massas de edifícios aos traçados urbanos mal planejados, dos acúmulos de lixo em ruas, praças e jardins às ações governamentais mal sucedidas quanto à sinalização de trânsito, o fato é que o problema da degeneração da qualidade da paisagem urbana surge no momento em que a renovação das cidades é intensa e veloz, justificando a preocupação deste estudo com os aspectos visuais. Esta pesquisa tem o intuito de disponibilizar os estudos da Geografia na aplicação do planejamento ambiental, isto sem perder de vista a inevitável e antagônica relação do poder do capital e da necessidade do cumprimento do acordo de se legar às gerações futuras as melhores condições ambientais possíveis.
In front of prejudicial aesthetically interferences to natural or urban landscape, it's necessary to identify the presence of visual pollution how the engagement to environment values, as well as other kinds of pollution (of the air, water, soil and others). From commercial advertising excesses until the pitched walls, from monotonous building structures until the badly planed urban lines, from trash accumulation on streets, squares and gardens until the unsuccessful government actions linked of the traffic signs, what happened is that urban landscape quality deterioration problem emerges in the moment in that cities renovation is stronger and fast, justifying this work worry with visual aspects. This research wants to put Geography studies in the environment planning without to lose sight of inevitable and antagonistic capital power relation and the necessary agreement to leave to future generations the best possible environment conditions.
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Waller, Samantha Jane. "Ontogenetic colour change and visual ecology of reef fish /." Online version, 2005. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/20815.
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Burton, B. G. "Visual ecology, biophysics and the adaptability of fly photoreceptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597151.
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I examine whether it is possible for the temporal resolution and reliability of a photoreceptor to vary across the eye. This possibility has not been addressed before in any animal and yet it is important for our understanding of how visual systems may be designed to register patterns of optic flow or to track moving targets. In the male blowfly, Calliphora vicina, I show that both spatial and temporal acuity are higher at the front of the eye and fall off with retinal eccentricity. The particular pattern of tuning observed emphasises the importance of tracking to the male fly, a behaviour commonly observed in flies prior to mating. To investigate this possibility further, in Chapter 3 I compare the responses of male and female photoreceptors to simulated target stimuli. For this purpose I use the housefly, Musca domestica, a species whose anatomical and behavioural sex-differences are well documented. The male photoreceptor responds much more powerfully to small moving targets than the female and response amplitude greatly exceeds that predicted from conventional models of photoreceptors dynamics. In particular, the male photoreceptor boosts the signals generated by targets moving within the behavioural regime of distances and speeds. These results allow the limits of male pursuit vision to be determined and demonstrate the impact of behaviour on retinal function. Adaptation of photoreceptor sensitivity and temporal resolution to ambient illumination is a well-known phenomenon. This process is usually considered to be complete within seconds. However, I show in M. domestica that significant improvements in temporal resolution and reliability can occur over a much longer period. These improvements are derived from a more consistent registration of the timing of photon absorption events and appear to be associated with a reduction in rhabdomeral surface area.
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Dávolos, Domingos Rafael. "Poluição visual em Rio Claro (SP) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95686.
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Orientador: Helmut TroppmairBanca: Marta Felícia Marujo Ferreira
Banca: Lucy Marion Calderini Philadelpho Machado
Resumo: Diante de interferências esteticamente prejudiciais ao panorama natural ou urbano, faz-se necessário identificar a existência da poluição visual como o comprometimento aos valores ambientais, da mesma maneira como outras formas de poluição (do ar, das águas, do solo etc.). Dos excessos das propagandas comerciais às pichações, das monótonas massas de edifícios aos traçados urbanos mal planejados, dos acúmulos de lixo em ruas, praças e jardins às ações governamentais mal sucedidas quanto à sinalização de trânsito, o fato é que o problema da degeneração da qualidade da paisagem urbana surge no momento em que a renovação das cidades é intensa e veloz, justificando a preocupação deste estudo com os aspectos visuais. Esta pesquisa tem o intuito de disponibilizar os estudos da Geografia na aplicação do planejamento ambiental, isto sem perder de vista a inevitável e antagônica relação do poder do capital e da necessidade do cumprimento do acordo de se legar às gerações futuras as melhores condições ambientais possíveis.
Abstract: In front of prejudicial aesthetically interferences to natural or urban landscape, it's necessary to identify the presence of visual pollution how the engagement to environment values, as well as other kinds of pollution (of the air, water, soil and others). From commercial advertising excesses until the pitched walls, from monotonous building structures until the badly planed urban lines, from trash accumulation on streets, squares and gardens until the unsuccessful government actions linked of the traffic signs, what happened is that urban landscape quality deterioration problem emerges in the moment in that cities renovation is stronger and fast, justifying this work worry with visual aspects. This research wants to put Geography studies in the environment planning without to lose sight of inevitable and antagonistic capital power relation and the necessary agreement to leave to future generations the best possible environment conditions.
Mestre
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Borkent, Michael. "Cognitive ecology & visual poetry : toward a multimodal cognitive poetics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52703.
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In this dissertation I offer a new approach to North American visual poetry. I develop an eco-cognitive analysis of visual poetic features and bring them into critical dialogue with other literary genres. I focus primarily on the Canadian tradition and reception of visual poetry, using it as a helpful microcosm for discussions of poetic influence and critical engagement, while also bringing it into dialogue with experimental and lyrical transnational Anglophone poetry and poetics.
I propose an interdisciplinary methodology that addresses visual poetry as a hybrid of verbal, visual, and tactile modes of communication. I discuss visual poetry from the perspective of conceptual mechanisms that produce specific interpretive possibilities, thereby offering a more robust account of how visual poems specifically interact with the materiality of print culture.
I begin by defining multimodal literature and visual poetry and outlining a multimodal approach to media that bridges traditional poetic and hermeneutic approaches. I propose a model of cognitive ecology as a framework that meets the needs of visual poetic criticism. In particular, I rely on research into perception, mental simulation, and conceptual integration to show how communicative modalities are transformed to yield synthetic multimodal understandings of hybrid texts. Furthermore, I consider common cognitive biases to expose the underlying fallacious assumptions in several poetic, critical, and popular approaches to visual poetry in Canada and abroad. I then show how my eco-cognitive framework offers a more productive understanding of the interactions between modalities. I offer critical tools which view the poems as multimodal anchors for conceptualization, thereby distinguishing between multimodal textuality and the readerly experience of it.
Finally, I develop a theory of cognitive improvisation which addresses how even illegible or abstract cues in visual poetry can prompt meaningful interpretations. I argue that all experiences of texts involve some level of cognitive improvisation, but that visual poetry foregrounds this aspect of everyday creativity. Finally, I show how this multimodal cognitive poetics extends naturally to other forms of multimodal literature, especially comics and graphic novels.Arts, Faculty of
English, Department of
Graduate
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Sumner, Gordon Petroc Hilton. "The salience of colour : studies in visual ecology and psychophysics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621815.
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Saunders, Timothy. "Recovering the ground : landscape, ecology and Virgil's Eclogues." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369791.
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pettersson, pontus. "an ecology of things/thinking." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Konst (K), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6254.
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An ecology of things/thinking is a textual work, a document of my thinking and the things Ihave created during my master studies in fine arts at Konstfack. As the title and word suggests‘ecology’, it is a material practice. I have called it a choreographic step entering thiseducation. With several motives and desires and with a ten-year background in dance andchoreography, the main thread has been to look into the object and installation work I havebeen doing. in which objects, clothes and larger sculptures have been ways for me tounderstand choreography not only entangled in dance but in everything. Concepts/words likehospitality, temporality and context are reoccurring topics of my inquiries, as I understand thehuman with great plastic qualities and potential. In my work I always need to consider thecontext, pre-conditions and conditions for a dance to emerge.I see the body as both reading and writing machine, we cannot only producetext, dance and objects, but we also read and write the movement in between things, the largerchoreography and the interwoven parts. Doing dance and choreography, my artistic practiceblends these notions in both making objects or exhibitions, dancing for others or myself,writing poetry and curating events. For my master studies I needed to leave the morespectacle-like parts of dance and performance out of my palette of expressions. I wanted to letthe objects and installation work have more agency, still working with choreography. Thesituation/context – Konstfack became my field of study and from where I could speak/createfrom.
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Rowland, Hannah Miriam. "The visual and behavioural ecology of countershading and other prey defences." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442032.
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Chung, HaeYong. "Designing Display Ecologies for Visual Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52042.
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The current proliferation of connected displays and mobile devices from smart phones and tablets to wall-sized displays presents a number of exciting opportunities for information visualization and visual analytics. When a user employs heterogeneous displays collaboratively to achieve a goal, they form what is known as a display ecology. The display ecology enables multiple displays to function in concert within a broader technological environment to accomplish tasks and goals. However, since information and tasks are scattered and disconnected among separate displays, one of the inherent challenges associated with visual analysis in display ecologies is enabling users to seamlessly coordinate and subsequently connect and integrate information across displays. This research primarily addresses these challenges through the creation of interaction and visualization techniques and systems for display ecologies in order to support sensemaking with visual analysis.
This dissertation explores essential visual analysis activities and design considerations for visual analysis in order to inform the new design of display ecologies for visual analysis. Based on identified design considerations, we then designed and developed two visual analysis systems. First, VisPorter supports intuitive gesture interactions for sharing and integrating information in a display ecology. Second, the Spatially Aware Visual Links (SAViL) presents a cross-display visual link technique capable of guiding the user's attention to relevant information across displays. It also enables the user to visually connect related information over displays in order to facilitate synthesizing information scattered over separate displays and devices. The various aspects associated with the techniques described herein help users to transform and empower the multiple displays in a display ecology for enhanced visual analysis and sensemaking.Ph. D.
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Nieman, Chelsey L. "Visual Ecology of Lake Erie Fishes: An Investigation of the Impacts of ElevatedTurbidity on Vision." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555421470203573.
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Oldham, Richard Cole. "Environmental differences affect the visual ecology of an African cichlid (Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae)." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152572108599038.
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Johansson, Henrik, and Oscar Hubertsson. "Visual Models of Business Ecologies : The Role of Business Ecology Visualisations as Boundary Objects." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166969.
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Within the area of Digitisation and Management at Linköping University, a focus is the interconnectivity of management and IT. This can be manifest in a multitude of different ways, such as exploring the consequences of digitisation, transferal of information between individuals and the strategic application of management control theory in organisations where the use of IT plays a significant role. This thesis, Visual Models of Business Ecologies – The role of business ecology visualisations as boundary objects, is written by Oscar Hubertsson and Henrik Johansson. It is presented as our master’s thesis in Digitisation and Management at the Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University. It delves into the application of a business ecology perspective, a technique within strategy and management control to define the relevant organisation, and how visualisations of the understanding gained through this technique can be used to facilitate discussions, understanding and joint problem solving. To gain a firmer understanding of this phenomena this thesis is used to explore how individuals discuss, solve problems, and gain firmer understanding through the lens of boundary objects, representations of knowledge used as instrumentalities to cross boundaries of knowledge that appear between different groups. This thesis aims to make contributions to management control theory by exploring the replicable applicability of a business ecology perspective, the resulting visualisations of any gained understanding and how these visualisations can be used as boundary objects.
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Bittencourt, Guido Barbieri. "Morfologia dos fotorreceptores e genética dos pigmentos visuais de Bothrops jararaca e Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes, Viperidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-24012019-150846/.
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Serpentes habitam grande diversidade de habitats na maior parte do planeta. Tamanha variedade ambiental implica o desempenho de distintos nichos ecológicos e padrões comportamentais, muitas vezes relacionados a diferentes adaptações de seus sistemas visuais. Não apenas a dispersão destes animais oferece oportunidades privilegiadas de investigação, os diversos e particulares históricos evolutivos neste grupo demarcam transições ambientais convenientes para esclarecer a influência da cena visual sobre a organização de sistemas visuais, comportamentos e a filogenia. A análise comparativa da retina destes animais traz informações a respeito de adaptações comportamentais e ecológicas relativas ao ambiente e padrões circadianos de atividade. Neste trabalho foi realizada a análise dos genes de fotopigmentos visuais e da morfologia dos fotorreceptores de duas espécies de serpentes da família Viperidae, Bothrops jararaca e Crotalus durissus terrificus. Três indivíduos de cada espécie foram obtidos junto ao laboratório de Herpetologia do Instituto Butantan. O RNA total foi extraído a partir de retinas homogeneizadas e convertido em cDNA por meio da reação de transcriptase reversa. Os genes de interesse foram amplificados com uso de primers específicos por meio de reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Após purificação dos produtos de PCR foi realizado o sequenciamento dos genes de opsinas visuais expressos nas retinas das duas espécies, lws, rh1 e sws1. Cada opsina, maximamente sensível a uma banda espectral específica e presente em diferentes populações de fotorreceptores da retina, teve o seu pico de absorção estimado com base na estrutura proteica revelada. Adicionalmente, foi conduzida análise dos tipos celulares de células fotorreceptoras da retina das duas espécies de viperídeos, por meio da técnica de imunohistoquímica, visando caracterização morfológica dos fotorreceptores em que estão compreendidas cada classe de opsina. Os resultados obtidos apontam para os mesmos grupos morfológicos de fotorreceptores e a mesma sensibilidade espectral dos respectivos pigmentos visuais, das duas espécies analisadas: cones simples e cones duplos com o fotopigmento LWS, e pico de sensibilidade espectral (max) estimado em ~555nm; cones simples com o fotopigmento SWS1, e max estimado em ~360nm; e bastonetes, com o fotopigmento RH1, com max de ~500nm. Desta forma conclui-se similaridade do nicho ecológico e do histórico natural das duas espécies, que apontam para adaptações ao habito noturno. Isto demonstra o sucesso evolutivo e a versatilidade proporcionada pela disposição de retina duplex dominada por bastonetes. Em B. jararaca e C. d. terrificus, serpentes da subfamília Crotalinae, estas características de organização do sistema visual são somadas à capacidade de detecção de comprimentos de onda infravermelhos, o que aponta para similaridades em relação a serpentes do grupo Henophidia, consideradas evolutivamente mais primitivas, e consagra novamente a vantagens obtidas na manutenção deste padrão sensorialSerpents inhabit a great diversity of habitats around the planet. Such environmental variability implies the performance of distinct ecological niches and behavior patterns that are related to different visual system adaptations. The diversity of environments inhabited by snakes and their evolutionary history provides a privileged investigative opportunity on the adaptive organization of the visual systems, specific behaviors and phylogeny. The comparative analysis of the retina of those animals provide many information concerning behavior and ecological adaptations related to their respective environment and circadian rhythm patterns. In this study, we performed genetic analysis of the opsin genes and morphological analysis of the photoreceptors of two snakes from the Viperidae family, Bothrops jararaca and Crotalus durissus terrificus. Three subjects of each species were collected at the Butantan Institute. Total RNA was extracted from homogenized retinas, and mRNA was converted to cDNA by reverse transcriptase reaction. The opsin genes lws, rh1 and sws1 were amplified by polymerase chain reactions (PCR), using specific primers. Each opsin is expressed in a different photoreceptor population and is maximally responsive to a determined spectral absorption peak (max) that was inferred according to the protein structure. Additionally, photorreceptor cell populations were analyzed using immunohistochemistry technique. Results point out to the same morphological cell populations and the same absorption peak in their respective opsins in the two species: double and single cones with the LWS photopigment and estimated max at ~555nm; single cones with the SWS1 photopigment and max at ~360nm; and rods with the rhodopsin RH1 photopigment and max at ~500nm. In this way, great similarity of ecological niche and natural history was concluded for both species, which present adaptations to the nocturnal habit. This should demonstrate the great evolutionary success and versatility attained by the rod-domminated duplex retina. In B. jararaca and C. d. terrificus, snakes from the Crotalinae subfamily, those retinal features are summed to the capability of infra-red detection, which point out to similarity with snakes from the basal Henophidia group
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Stukenberg, Niklas Merten [Verfasser]. "LED based trapping of whiteflies and fungus gnats : from visual ecology to application / Niklas Merten Stukenberg." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173321837/34.
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Dias, Rodolfo Liporoni. "Visual ecology of nocturnal bees: how light intensity affects foraging activity in cambuci, a neotropical Myrtaceae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-21082018-082154/.
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The foraging activity of day-active bees often rely on flower availability, light intensity and temperature. However, some bees developed a nocturnal habit and fly during the dusk, dawn and night. We still do not know how these bees cope with environmental factors, especially dimmer light levels, to explore flower earlier than their diurnal relatives. Given that typical bee apposition compound eyes work better in brighter environments and function in their limits in dim-light conditions, we can expect a larger dependence of light intensity for nocturnal groups. Nocturnal and crepuscular bees are frequent visitors of cambuci (Campomanesia phaea, Myrtaceae) in southeastern Brazil. We aimed to investigate how light intensity affects flower visitation of cambuci by nocturnal and crepuscular bees, also controlling for other environmental factors. We counted visits per minute along 30 nights/twilights in 33 cambuci trees from a commercial orchard, measuring the following environmental variables: light intensity, flower availability, temperature, air relative humidity and wind speed. Light intensity is the only variable that explained flower visitation of nocturnal bees in cambuci, which peaks at intermediate light levels that occur around 30 minutes before sunrise. The minimum light intensity threshold to bees start flying is of 0.00024 cd/m2, the first recorded value for nocturnal and crepuscular bees finding flowers in an agro-forest context. Our results highlight for the first time how nocturnal bees rely on light to explore resources and show that the bees light-dependent foraging activity is not always linear, as postulated by previous theoretic models. This is the first step to understand how nocturnal bees react to environmental factors. Our findings also bring concerns about possible negative effects of light pollution at night for cambuci-crepuscular bees interactionO forrageio de abelhas geralmente depende de disponibilidade de flores, intensidade de luz e temperatura. Contudo, algumas abelhas desenvolveram hábitos noturnos e voam durante os crepúsculos e a noite. Não se sabe como essas abelhas lidam com os fatores ambientais, especialmente os reduzidos níveis de luminosidade. Dado que os olhos compostos de aposição de abelhas funcionam melhor em maiores luminosidades, espera-se uma maior dependência da luz para os grupos noturnos. Abelhas noturnas e crepusculares são visitantes frequentes do cambuci (Campomanesia phaea, Myrtaceae) no sudeste do Brasil. Nosso objetivo foi investigar como a intensidade de luz afeta a visitação floral do cambuci por abelhas noturnas e crepusculares, controlada também por outros fatores ambientais. Para isso, contamos as visitas a cada minuto ao longo de 30 noites/crepúsculos em 33 árvores de cambuci em um pomar comercial, medindo as seguintes variáveis ambientais: intensidade de luz, disponibilidade de flores, temperatura, umidade e velocidade do vento. A intensidade de luz foi a única variável que explicou a visitação floral de abelhas noturnas no cambuci, a qual tem um pico em níveis intermediários de luz que ocorrem ao redor de 30 minutos antes do nascer do sol. O limiar mínimo de intensidade de luz para as abelhas começarem a voar foi de 0.00024 cd/m2, o primeiro valor registrado para abelhas noturnas e crepusculares procurando por flores em um contexto agroflorestal. Nossos resultados destacam pela primeira vez como as abelhas noturnas dependem da luz para explorar recursos e mostram que essa dependência, para abelhas em geral, não é sempre linear, como postulado por modelos teóricos prévios. Este é o primeiro passo para entender como abelhas noturnas reagem a fatores ambientais. Nossos dados também trazem alertas para possíveis efeitos negativos da poluição luminosa à noite para a interação entre cambuci e abelhas noturnas
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O'Hara, Maeve. "Mindscapes and landscapes : an ontological analysis of aesthetic relationships between visual arts and nature." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envo36.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 99-102. Identifies aesthetic knowledge as a fundamentally linked perceptual and ontological process. Aesthetic processes are identified as criteria relevant for locating and advocating ethics in 'eco-culturally sustainable development'. Cultural actions are ethical evaluations about valuing nature.
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How, Martin John, and martin how@anu edu au. "The fiddler crab claw-waving display: an analysis of the structure and function of a movement-based visual signal." The Australian National University. Research School of Biological Sciences, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20081001.111333.
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Communication is an essential component of animal social systems and a diverse suite of signals can be found in the natural environment. An area of animal communication that, for technical reasons, we know very little about is the field of movement-based or dynamic visual signals. In this thesis, I make use of recent advances in measurement and analysis techniques, including digital video and image motion processing tools, to improve our understanding of how movement-based signals are adjusted according to signalling context. I measured and characterised the flamboyant claw-waving displays of male fiddler crabs (Genus Uca) and made use of their transparent lifestyle to record the behavioural contexts in which these signals are produced.¶
The claw-waving displays of seven Australian species of fiddler crab are compared and contrasted to show that these signals are species-specific, but also vary within and between individuals. I show that the species Uca perplexa produces different types of signal in different behavioural contexts, a lateral wave for courtship, and a vertical wave during short-range agonistic and courtship interactions. The structure of the lateral courtship waves of Uca perplexa vary according to the distance of signal receivers, the first time this kind of relationship has been shown in a dynamic visual signal. Finally, I describe and analyse the signalling and orientation behaviour of U. elegans during courtship herding, an unusual mating system that uses the claw-waving display in a novel way.¶
The adjustments made by fiddler crabs to their displays during changes in behavioural contexts suggest that the fine-scale context-sensitivity of animal signals may be far more widespread in communication than hitherto recognised.
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Gilbert, Marianne. "Abundance, biomass and habitat use of moray eels in Barbados, West Indies, determined by a modified visual census method." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78369.
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Visual censuses performed during the day underestimate cryptic and nocturnal fish species, including large, carnivorous moray eels. This study developed a census method for morays and used it to determine their density, biomass, distribution and microhabitat use on coral reefs in Barbados. The five species recorded varied in time of highest abundance. Therefore, densities were based on the time when each species was most visible (day or night). Observed densities were corrected for proportion of individuals not visible based on repeated surveys of the same transects. Density (5--6 morays 125m-2 ) and biomass estimates (1--3.7 kg 125 m-2) per site were much higher than those reported in previous censuses and comparable to those of other predatory families. The relative abundance of species varied among sites, and species and size classes also differed in their shelter site use. The higher density and biomass found are believed to be due to the improved method.
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Pankhurst, Patricia Melva. "Growth, development and visual ontogeny of two temperate reef teleosts Pagrus auratus, (Sparidae) and Forsterygion varium, (Tripterygiidae)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2000.
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Growth, development and behaviour were examined in artificially reared larval Pagrus auratus and Forsterygion varium, from the time of hatching. Yolk-sac larval P.auratus hatched at a small size (2.00mm SL), without functional eyes, mouth or digestive tract, and for three days spent long periods at rest. Growth was initially rapid but slowed by 3 days as yolk reserves neared depletion. By days 4-5, the mouth had opened, eyes were functional, yolk was depleted, and a rudimentary gut had formed. Larvae were now able to maintain a horizontal swimming mode and were actively searching for and attacking prey. First feeding was observed in some larvae. Growth was retarded during the transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition and then increased as feeding proficiency improved. Yolk-sac F.varium hatched at a larger size (4.78mm SL), with functional eyes and jaws. Larvae were able to maintain a horizontal swimming mode from hatching. First feeding was observed from the first day after hatching. F.varium larvae grew steadily from the time of hatching. Ocular morphology was examined in larval, juvenile and adult P.auratus and F.varium. There was a 96 fold increase in eye size, from 0.23mm diameter in a 4 day old larval P.auratus (3.4mm SL) to a maximum diameter of 22mm in an adult of 333mm body length. F.varium displayed a 26 fold increase in eye size, from 0.28mm diameter in the smallest larva (5.00mm SL) to a maximum eye diameter of 7.2mm in a 11gmm long adult. Larval fish had pure cone retinae, however putative rod precursor cells were present from hatching in F.varium and from 18 days in P.auratus. Juvenile and adult fish had duplex retinae with cones arranged in a square mosaic in which 4 twin cones surround a central single cone. Hypertrophy of cone ellipsoids with increasing eye size, resulted in maintenance of a closely packed array in fishes of all sizes. The appearance of retinomotor movements was coincident with the development of a duplex retina in both species. Theoretical spatial acuity (calculated as a function of cone spacing and focal length of the lens) was poor in the smallest larval fish (2° 1' and 1° 8' minimum separable angle in 4 and 1 day old P.auratus and F.varium respectively) but improved to asymptotic values in adults (3'- 4', and 9' in P.auratus and F.varium respectively). Behavioural acuity (determined using the optokinetic response) of 4 day old larval P.auratus (37° 30') and 1 day old F.varium (29°) was very much lower than histological estimates. Behavioural acuity improved to 8° 8' in 16 day old P.auratus and 4° 18' in 14 day old F.varium, but did not attain theoretical estimates for fish of that size (55' and 54'). A rudimentary retractor lentis muscle was first apparent in larval fish 1 week after hatching, and was coincident with the formation of a posterior lental space. Presumably larval fish eyes were incapable of accomodative lens movements until this time. A relative measure of Matthiessen's ratio (distance from lens centre to boundary of the pigmented retinal epithelium/lens radius) measured histologically, decreased from 4.2 and 2.7 in 3 day old P.auratus and newly hatched F.varium, to 2.2 and 2.3 in larvae 22 and 16 days of age respectively. This suggests that growth of the retina and lens were not symmetrical in the eyes of very small larval fish. If Matthiessen's ratio holds for little eyes, then they will initially be strongly myopic. This may account in part for the mismatch between behavioural and theoretical acuity. Perceptive distances of first feeding larval P.auratus and F.varium, estimated for prey items equal in dimensions to maximum jaw widths, were very small (0.2mm and 0.4mm for prey 0.15mm and 0.2mm in size respectively), but increased with increasing body size to 2.1mm and 4.0mm for prey 0.3mm in size, at 16 and 14 days of age respectively. These data have implications for larval feeding in the wild.
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Rabin, Daniel. "Using Computer Imaging to Assess Visual Impacts of Forest Insect and Disease Pests." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6446.
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Forest insect and disease pests alter the appearance of trees, thereby impacting visual resources. Because of the complexity of most forest landscapes, the degree of visual impact of pest-infested forest stands is difficult to quantify.
This paper describes a method of measuring visual impacts of pest-infested forest stands. Photographs of healthy Ponderosa pine trees were entered into a computer video-image-processing system. Using this system, images of trees were altered to simulate different degrees of infestation by limb rust, a forest pathogen.
The altered and unaltered images were shown to groups of observers who rated the scenes in terms of "scenic beauty." The great majority of individuals were able to detect a change in the appearance of trees infected with limb rust disease even when only small sections of a tree were altered. There was also general agreement within the groups of observers that the presence of limb rust disease had a detrimental effect on the visual quality of the forest scenes. The tests also suggested that the location of infestation in the tree crown, the amount of crown mortality, and the number of infected Ponderosa pine in a stand influenced the degree to which visual quality was impacted.
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Dimitrova, Marina. "Life at stake when playing hide and seek concealing effects of prey colouration and visual backgrounds /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30548.
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2009.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Accepted. Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Bijoux, Jude peter. "Reef fish spawning aggregation sites : the ecology of aggregating and resident species." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4013.
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Les sites d'agrégation de ponte (AP) sont des zones où des poissons d'une même espèce se rassemblent pour frayer. En dépit de leur importance dans la reproduction de nombreuses espèces de poissons des récifs coralliens, bien peu de sites d'AP sont gérés. Le but de cette étude est d'améliorer la compréhension générale sur l'écologie des sites d'AP en vue de faciliter la gestion. L'étude, réalisée aux Seychelles, se concentre sur les individus regroupant sur les sites d'AP pour frayer et aussi sur ceux résidant sur ces sites. La télémétrie acoustique et le recensement visuel sous-marin ont, ici, été employé comme principaux outils d'observation des espèces formant des agrégations de reproduction (cordonnier (Siganus sutor), mérou camouflage (Epinephelus polyphekadion) et mérou marbré (E. fuscoguttatus)) et des espèces résidant sur les sites d'AP. Les détections acoustiques ont montré que les individus de S. sutor présentent une grande fidélité à leur site de ponte et une périodicité liée à la période de pleine lune. Par ailleurs, les agrégations de ponte d'E. fuscoguttatus et E. polyphekadion se chevauchent spatialement et temporellement avec une forte périodicité liée à la nouvelle lune. La formation d'AP de E. fuscoguttatus et E. polyphekadion provoque des changements complexes dans l'assemblage de poissons résidents sur le site. L'effet de la phase lunaire sur les assemblages de poissons résidant sur les sites d'AP de S. Sutor apparait être dépendant de l'échelle considérée. Les informations sur la dynamique spatiale et temporelle des espèces étudiée sont utilisées pour proposer des mesures de gestion susceptibles d'améliorer la protection des sites d'APFish spawning aggregation (FSA) sites are areas where repeated concentration of conspecific fish gathers for the purpose of spawning. Despite of their importance in the reproduction of many coral reef fishes, few FSA sites are actively managed. The aim of this study, conducted in the Seychelles, was to improve general understanding on the ecology of FSA sites to facilitate their management. It focuses on both the individuals that aggregate at FSA sites to spawn and those that are resident at FSA sites. Acoustic telemetry and underwater visual census were used to study three species that form spawning aggregations (spinefoot shoemaker (Siganus sutor), Camouflage grouper (Epinephelus polyphekadion) and Brown-marbled grouper (E. fuscoguttatus)) and the resident fish assemblages at FSA sites. Acoustic detections found individual S. sutor to have high fidelity to individual FSA sites and to show significant periodicity with the full moon period in the timing of their arrival and departure from FSA sites. Conversely, spawning aggregations of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion overlapped spatially and temporally, with strong periodicity for spawning aggregation to form with the new moon period. The formation of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion FSAs caused complex changes in the fish assemblage that is resident at the FSA site. The effect of lunar phase on the resident fish assemblages at S. sutor FSA sites appeared to be scale-dependent, having greater impact at the larger than the smaller FSA site. Information on the spatial and temporal dynamics of aggregating and resident fish species is used to propose management actions to improve the protection of FSA sites
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Kalinoski, Mieka. "The Visual Physiology of the Smooth Dogfish (Mustelus canis): Temporal Resolution, Irradiance and Spectral Sensitivities." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/215.
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Living elasmobranchs occupy every major aquatic ecosystem throughout the world (Compagno 2003; Compagno et al. 2005). Sensory ecology can be a good determinant in comprehending the processes occurring between an organism and its natural environment (Weissburg and Browman 2005). By utilizing ecophysiological tools, insight into the adaptive responses of the sensory systems to their ever-changing ecological niche can help explain behavioral and life history characteristics (Hueter 1991; Litherland 2009). Aquatic animals show structural and physiological adaptations in their visual sense specific to the ecological requirements of their habitat (Hart et al. 2004), implying that vision is an important modality.
The visual system of the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis, family Triakidae) was examined using corneal electrophysiological methods to determine the visual spectral range, irradiance sensitivity, and speed of vision (flicker fusion frequency, FFF). The smooth dogfish, a shallow water bottom feeder inhabiting inshore waters along the eastern United States, was found to be extremely sensitive to dim light (-3.1- 0.1 log light intensity), and have a slow FFF (13 Hz), thus being well adapted to the scotopic conditions of the turbid coastal inshore waters. This prompted a second set of experiments focusing on the chromatic adaptations of the photoreceptor cells and retina function following light adaptation. Light adaptation increased the photopic threshold by 2.0 log light units of intensity (LLI). However, the temporal resolution was not dramatically increased (to 17 Hz), indicating that the retinal integration time is very slow for this species under all circumstances. The spectral sensitivity peak for M. canis (470 nm) was found to be significantly blue-shifted in comparison to other members of the Triakidae family (Crescitelli et al. 1995; Sillman et al. 1996).
Smooth dogfish appear to forgo high spatial and temporal resolution for the enhancement of photon capture. The sandbar shark inhabits the same inshore estuaries during the summer months but has a visual system with a higher temporal resolution (FFF, 54 Hz) and a brighter photopic threshold (1.2 LLI-50% max) (Litherland 2009). Furthermore, other elasmobranch or telelost species inhabiting similar photic environments also exhibit faster temporal resolution; little skate (FFF, 30 Hz), weakfish (FFF, 40 Hz), red drum (FFF, 50 Hz), spotted sea trout (FFF, 60 Hz), and Atlantic croaker (FFF, 58 Hz) (Horodysky et al. 2008; McComb et al. 2010).
Coastal seas tend to contain more dissolved organics and particulates than the clear oceanic waters of the epipelagic and pelagic zones (McFarland 1986), therefore the retina of smooth dogfish has adapted to be extremely sensitive to dim light, has a long integration time, a low flicker fusion frequency and temporal resolution, and retinal cells that are able to adjust to changing light conditions. All of these factors contribute to the visual system to provide optimal visual ability to enable smooth dogfish to accurately exploit its surroundings.
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Maurin, Söderholm Hanna. "Emergency visualized : exploring visual technology for paramedic-physician collaboration in emergency care." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3658.
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This thesis explores the potential of visual information and communication technologies (ICTs) for collaboration in emergency care. The thesis consists of four studies exploring future technology, 3D telepresence technology for medical consultation (3DMC), from several different methodological and analytical perspectives. Together the studies provide a broad view of the potential benefits, risks and implications of using visual technologies for collaboration in emergency care. The results show that paramedic-physician collaboration via 3DMC might have some benefits for patient care, both in the immediate patient care situation and beyond, for example, when coordinating transport and resources; improving understanding between different actors; and in developing paramedic competence and confidence in their skills. However, collaboration is heavily impacted by physicians’ and paramedics’ respective work practices which are situated in very different physical, professional and organizational contexts. Adding a visual dimension to this collaboration presents unique challenges for the overall design, development, implementation, and appropriation process. Thus, the thesis emphasizes the importance of understanding both the individual users as well as the complex overall image which, although often neglected or ignored, is crucial to understand when developing and introducing new technology that is successful and justified in the overall context while also being useful and meaningful for the individual users.Academic dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Science at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Borås to be publicly defended on Thursday 19 September 2013 at 13:15 in the auditorium at Simonsland, University of Borås, Skaraborgsvägen 3, Borås.
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Moraes, Pedro Zurvaino Palmeira Melo Rosa de. "Detec??o de predadores por dicromatas e tricromatas humanos e a sua implica??o na evolu??o da vis?o de cores em primatas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17334.
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Among placental mammals, primates are the only ones to present trichromatic color vision. However, the distribution of trichromacy among primates is not homogeneous: Old World primates shows an uniform trichromacy (with all individuals being trichromats) and New World primates exhibit a color vision polymorphism (with dichromatic males and dichromatic or trichromatic females). Visual ecology studies have investigated which selective pressures may have been responsible for the evolution of trichromacy in primates, diverging from the dichromat standard found in other mammals. Cues associated with foraging and the socio-reproductive status were analyzed, indicating a trichromatic advantage for the rapid detection of visually conspicuous objects against a green background. However, dichromats are characterized by an efficient capture of cryptic and camouflaged stimuli. These advantages regarding phenotype may be responsible for the maintenance of the visual polymorphism in New World primates and for the high incidence of color blindness in humans (standing around 8% in Caucasian men). An important factor that has not yet been experimentally taken into account is the predation risk and its effect on the evolution of trichromacy in primates. To answer this question, we prepared and edited pictures of animals with different coats: oncillas (Leopardus spp.), puma (Puma concolor) and ferret (Galictis cuja). The specimens were taxidermized and the photographs were taken in three different vegetation scenarios (dense forest, cerrado and grassland). The images of the predators were manipulated so that they fit into two categories of stimulus size (small or large). After color calibration and photo editing, these were presented to 40 humans (20 dichromats and 20 trichromats) by a computer program, which presented a set of four photos at a time (one picture containing the taxidermized animal amid the background vegetation and three depicting only the background vegetation) and recorded the response latency and success rate of the subjects. The results show a trichromatic advantage in detecting potential predators. The predator detection was influenced by the background, the predator species, the dimension of the stimulus and the observer s visual phenotype. As humans have a high rate of dyschromatopsias, when compared to wild Catarrhini or human tribal populations, it is possible that the increased rate of dichromats is a result of reduced pressure for rapid predator detection. Since our species came to live in more cohesive groups and resistant to attack by predators, with the advent of agriculture and the formation of villages, it is possible that the lower risk of predation has reduced the selection in favor of trichromats
Dentre os mam?feros placent?rios, os primatas s?o os ?nicos a apresentarem uma vis?o de cores tricromata. Contudo, a distribui??o da tricromacia dentre os primatas n?o ? homog?nea: primatas do Velho Mundo apresentam uma tricromacia uniforme (com todos os indiv?duos sendo tricromatas) e primatas do Novo Mundo apresentam um polimorfismo de vis?o de cores (com machos dicromatas e f?meas dicromatas ou tricromatas). Estudos em ecologia visual t?m investigado que press?es seletivas podem ter sido respons?veis pela evolu??o da tricromacia em primatas, divergindo do padr?o dicromata encontrado nos demais mam?feros. Pistas associadas ao forrageio e ao contexto s?cio-reprodutivo foram analisadas, indicando uma vantagem tricromata na detec??o r?pida de objetos visualmente consp?cuos no ambiente. Entretanto, dicromatas s?o caracterizados pela captura eficiente de est?mulos cr?pticos e camuflados. Estas vantagens relativas aos fen?tipos podem ser respons?veis pela manuten??o do polimorfismo visual em primatas do Novo Mundo e pelo alto ?ndice de daltonismo em humanos (situando-se em torno de 8% em homens caucasianos). Um importante fator que ainda n?o foi levado experimentalmente em conta ? o risco de preda??o e o seu efeito na evolu??o da tricromacia em primatas. Para responder esta pergunta, n?s preparamos e editamos fotografias de animais com pelagens distintas: gatos-do-mato (Leopardus spp.), puma (Puma concolor) e fur?o (Galictis cuja). Os exemplares estavam taxidermizados e as fotografias foram capturadas em tr?s diferentes cen?rios de vegeta??o (mata fechada, cerrado e campo aberto). As imagens dos predadores foram manipuladas para que eles se encaixassem em duas categorias de tamanho de est?mulo (pequenos ou grandes). Ap?s a calibra??o das cores e edi??o das fotos, estas foram apresentadas a 40 humanos (20 dicromatas e 20 tricromatas) por um programa de computador, o qual apresentava um conjunto de quatro fotos por vez (uma foto contendo o animal taxidermizado em meio ? vegeta??o de fundo e outras tr?s contendo apenas a vegeta??o de fundo) e registrava a lat?ncia de resposta e a taxa de acerto dos sujeitos. Os resultados apontam uma vantagem tricromata na detec??o de potenciais predadores. A detec??o dos predadores foi influenciada pelo cen?rio de fundo, pelo tipo de predador, pela sua dimens?o e pelo fen?tipo visual do observador. Como os humanos apresentam uma elevada taxa de discromatopsias, quando comparados com popula??es selvagens de outros Catarrhini ou mesmo popula??es humanas tribais, ? poss?vel que o aumento no ?ndice de dicromatas seja resultado de uma press?o reduzida de detec??o r?pida de predadores. Uma vez que nossa esp?cie passou a viver em grupos mais coesos e resistentes aos ataques de predadores, com o advento da agropecu?ria e a forma??o de vilas, ? poss?vel que o menor risco de preda??o tenha relaxado a sele??o a favor de tricromatas
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Kruger, Lara. "Towards a connective aesthetic : an a/r/tographic journey." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20100.
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Murray, Teisha. "“Comin From Where I’m From:” Exploring Inner-City Youth’s Perception of Their Neighborhood." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1305644738.
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Harley, Magdalena Johanna Gertruida. "Op weg na 'n kontemporere eko-estetiek." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53543.
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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: On the way to a contemporary eco-aesthetic. My thesis consists of three chapters; the first chapter contains a basic background study and philosophic research of concepts which are relevant to my work; the second chapter is a discussion of ecofeminism as political and spiritual phenomena (my work resorts in the genre of ecofeminism); and the third chapter is an analytic consideration and discussion where my works are presented as a visual explanation of my own interpretation of the dialogue between art and science with underlying geographical and ecological concepts. Some of these concepts purport the ritual of cycles and the aesthetic experience thereof. They deal with the earth as maternal patron where the layers of society (evidence of existence) becomes evident in the layering of the earth. This evidence of existence can be found in the waste generated from the cyclic existence of living beings and organisms. In addition, the traditional scrub or healing activities which are ascribed to women, are used as an argument to effectuate a consciousness of symbioses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: My tesis bestaan uit drie hoofstukke; die eerste hoofstuk behels 'n basiese agtergrondstudie en filosofiese ondersoek na konsepte wat na my mening betrekking het op my werk; die tweede hoofstuk is 'n bespreking oor ekofeminisme as politieke en spirituele verskynsel (my werk ressorteer onder ekofeminisme as genre); en die derde hoofstuk 'n analitiese beskouing en bespreking waar my werk aangebied word as visuele verduideliking van my persoonlike interpretasie van die dialoog tussen kuns en wetenskap met onderliggende geografiese en ekologiese konsepte. Van hierdie konsepte gaan oor die ritueel van siklusse en die estetiese belewenis daarvan. Dit handeloor die aarde as die moederskoot waar die lae van samelewings (bewyse van bestaan) gelees kan word in die gelaagdheid van die aarde. Hierdie bewyse van bestaan kan gevind word in die afval wat gegenereer word uit die sikliese bestaanswyse van lewende wesens en organismes. Hiermee saam word die tradisionele skrop- of helende aktiwiteite wat aan vroue toegeken word, as argument gebruik om 'n bewussyn van simbiose te bewerkstellig.
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Bruna, Pérez Paula. "Arte y ecología política. Un viaje desde el modelo antropocéntrico a las realidades de los no humanos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671229.
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Partiendo de la ecología política (las relaciones entre los seres humanos y los sistemas ecológicos que los albergan), se analizan las visiones del arte sobre los conflictos ecológicos y, a través de la investigación artística, se profundiza en la posibilidad de cambio del paradigma establecido mediante la apertura hacia otras subjetividades y puntos de vista no humanos.
La investigación toma la forma de viaje exploratorio que parte del modelo socioeconómico y sus relaciones con el entorno y continúa más allá del mundo antrópico; un viaje que transcurre del análisis racional a la aproximación emocional y empática con el otro no humano, catalizado por una combinación de arte, ciencia y ficción que deviene clave en esta exploración ulterior.
Esta tesis se estructura en tres partes principales, precedidas de un preludio y seguidas por una coda. El preludio es una introducción a los temas de referencia que dibuja el punto de partida de la investigación. En la primera parte se analizan las alternativas económicas y políticas que se plantean ante los conflictos ecológicos y cómo están recogidas en el arte contemporáneo. La segunda parte se centra en la aproximación a subjetividades no humanas en respuesta al excesivo antropocentrismo con el que entendemos el mundo. En ella se expone el proyecto de investigación artística El Plantoceno y se contrasta con otras propuestas artísticas de referencia. La tercera parte profundiza en el imaginario de futuros posibles según nuestro modelo ecosocial occidental, sus límites, sus ficciones y sus aporías, y describe el proyecto Eco.ficciones, una práctica artística colectiva para la imaginación de realidades alternativas.
Finalmente, a modo de corolario se formulan las principales conclusiones de la tesis.
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Hofling, Annika. "Do enclosure characteristics affect anti-predator behaviour in the European bison (Bison bonasus)?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19942.
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Animals raised in captivity often fail to express appropriate anti-predator behaviour when reintroduced into the wild. The European bison (Bison bonasus) is a species that was close to extinction in the early 20th century but was saved in the last moment by intense captive breeding and subsequent reintroduction into the wild. In this study, seven groups of European bison living in different locations in Sweden were studied to investigate whether there was any difference in the anti-predator behaviour depending on the type of enclosure they were kept in. Olfactory and auditory stimuli from moose, as a control, and from two predators, wolf and bear, and visual stimulus (silhouette of a wolf) were presented to the animals and their response to them and behaviour following presentation were analysed. The results showed that European bison kept in barren enclosures responded stronger to auditory stimuli than those that were kept in naturalistic enclosures. The results further showed that the animals had a stronger response to the visual stimulus than to the auditory stimuli. The animals changed their behaviour after stimuli presentations compared to a pre-test baseline. They moved, stood still and ate for a significantly longer period of time and they rested for a shorter period of time after being presented olfactory, auditory and visual stimuli than during pre-test baseline.
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Schwarz, Janien (Nien), and n. schwarz@ecu edu au. "Beyond Familiar Territory: Dissertation: De-centering the Centre (An analysis of visual strategies in the art of Robert Smithson, Alfredo Jaar and the Bark Petitions of Yirrkala); and Studio Report: A Sculptural Response to Mapping, Mining, and Consumption." The Australian National University. Sculpture and Art Theory, 1999. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010703.110608.
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Dissertation:
"Beyond Familiar Territory" researches various visual and conceptual strategies that facilitate connection between urban-based audiences and peripheral areas of ground where the extraction of mineral resources occurs. The Dissertation is a comparative analysis of selected works by Robert Smithson, Alfredo Jaar, and the Bark Petitions of the Yirrkala people in North East Arnhem Land. The focus is on how these artists have endeavoured to challenge urban audiences, disrupt the perceived hierarchy between centre and periphery, and bridge gaps between urban sites of mineral consumption and overlooked sites of mineral extraction.
¶"Beyond Familiar Territory" takes the form of this Dissertation (33%), and an exhibition of works at the Canberra Museum and Gallery (CMAG) from 6 February to 21 March, 1999, which, together with the Studio report, documents the outcome of the Studio Practice Component (67%).
¶
Report:
"Beyond Familiar Territory" researches various visual and conceptual strategies that facilitate connection between urban-based audiences and peripheral areas of ground where the extraction of mineral resources occurs. To decentre the self-importance and perceived inclusiveness of urban centres by bridging gaps or facilitating insight between a centre of mineral extraction and production and a centre of mineral consumption. The Dissertation entails a comparative analysis of strategies used by Robert Smithson, Alfredo Jaar, and the Yirrkala Bark Petition painters, and analyses how these artists have perceived their relationships as mediators or facilitators between mining sites (and associated activities) and urban centres of consumption.
¶
"Beyond Familiar Territory" takes the form of an exhibition of works at the Canberra Museum and Gallery (CMAG) from 6 February to 21 March, 1999, which comprises the outcome of the Studio Practice Component (67%), together with a Dissertation (33%), and the Report which documents the nature of the course of study.
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Martin, Amanda K. "Spatial Analysis of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Oak Openings Preserve." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434024715.
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Swahnström, Sara, and Agnes Hultén. "“Paris Measurements” : The Inertia of the Thin Ideal on the Runways of Paris Fashion Week." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22001.
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Background - Welcome to the 2010’s and its visual information culture informing about the century-old ideal of thinness, by sending (almost) exclusively thin bodies down the runway of Paris Fashion Week (PFW). This, while at the same time the academia and mass media are repeatedly articulating the necessity of a more ethical aesthetic within the fashion industry, while the argument that “thinness sells” lack empirical support, while measures are taken around Europe to discourage media bias and encourage healthy bodies walking the, and while the body positivity movement – applauding the diversity of body types – is on the rise in the Western society. Problem - How can it be explained that PFW, as an event organized to communicate the latest trends, and as an institution of a concept that thrives on change, is being stuck in an inertia of thin models? The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the explanations for the idealization of thin bodies in regard to female runway models, to be found in visual representations of PFW. Examining the paradox of the idealization of thin bodies has the potential to reveal the measures necessary to establish practices of ethical representation in the realm of PFW. Method - The search for explanations to the inertia of the thin ideal on the runways of PFW is based upon a qualitative research design and a method of semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of fourteen people involved in the event of PFW. It is framed within three theoretical perspectives: the trickle-down, trickle-across and trickle-up theories – associated with authors such as Simmel (1957), King (1963) and Blumer (1969a; 1969b); a theoretical view of the relation between fashion, clothes and the body provided by Barnard (2014) and, lastly, the Organizational Ecology Theory presented by Hannan and Freeman (1977; 1989). Findings - The findings suggest that the inertia of the thin ideal on the runways of PFW is explained by the thin body not only being part of a long history and tradition of creating and showing fashion, but also being dressed in aesthetic value. At the same time, the explanations to the idealization, or inertia, of thin bodies on PFW are found to be multiple as well as paradoxical, a conclusion serving as an explanation in itself. Conclusion – It is difficult to point out the explanation to the inertia of the thin ideal – both in terms of factors and actors – not at least due to the explanations stemming from both social and cultural as well as economic aspects of fashion. As a consequence, every actor part the fashion industry need to understand the effects as well as the extent of idealization of thin bodies, and start to realize that public health is more important than profits.
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Ilich, Alexander Ross. "Integrating Towed Underwater Video with Multibeam Acoustics for Mapping Benthic Habitat and Assessing Reef Fish Communities on the West Florida Shelf." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7525.
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Using a towed underwater video camera system, benthic habitats were classified along transects in a popular offshore fishing area on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) known as “The Elbow.” Additionally, high resolution multibeam bathymetry and co-registered backscatter data were collected for the entire study area. Using these data, full coverage geologic and biotic habitat maps were developed using both unsupervised and supervised statistical classification methodologies. The unsupervised methodology used was k-means clustering, and the supervised methodology used a random forest algorithm. The two methods produced broadly similar results; however, the supervised methodology outperformed the unsupervised methodology. The results of the supervised classification demonstrated “substantial agreement” (κ>0.6) between observations and predictions for both geologic and biotic habitat, while the results of the unsupervised classification demonstrated “moderate agreement” (κ>0.4) between observations and predictions for both geologic and biotic habitat. Comparisons were made with the previously existing map for this area created by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWC-FWRI). Some features are distinguishable in both maps, but the FWC-FWRI map shows a greater extent of low relief hard bottom features than was predicted in our habitat maps. The areas predicted as low relief hard-bottom by FWC-FWRI often coincide with areas of higher uncertainty in the supervised map of geologic habitat from this study, but even when compared with ground-truth points from the towed video rather than predictions, the low relief hard bottom in FWC-FWRI’s map still corresponds to what was identified as sand in the video 73% of the time. The higher uncertainty might be a result of the presence of mixed habitats, differing morphology of hard-bottom, or the presence of sand intermixed with gravel or debris. More ground-truth samples should be taken in these areas to increase the confidence of these classifications and resolve discrepancies between the two maps.
Data from the towed video system were also used to assess differences in fish communities among habitat types and to calculate habitat-specific densities for each taxa. Fish communities were found to significantly differ between soft and hard bottom habitats as well as among the hard-bottom habitats with different vertical relief (flat hard-bottom vs more steeply sloping areas). Additionally, significant differences were found between the fish communities in habitats with attached fauna such as sponges and gorgonians, and areas without attached fauna; however, attached fauna require rock to attach to and the rock habitats rarely lacked attached fauna, so this difference may just reflect the difference between fish communities in sand and rock habitats without the consideration of vertical relief. Moreover, the species driving the differences in the fish communities were identified. Fish were more likely to be present and assemblages were more species rich in more complex habitats (rockier, higher relief, presence of attached fauna). Habitat specific densities were calculated for each species, and general trends are discussed.
Lastly the habitat-specific densities were extrapolated to the total area of habitat type (sand vs rock) as predicted by the supervised geologic habitat map. There is predicted to be approximately 111,000 fish (95% CI [67015, 169405]) within the study area based on this method, with ~47,000 (~43%) predicted to be within the sand habitat and ~64,000 (~57%) in the rock habitat. This demonstrates the potential of offshore rocky reefs as “critical habitats” for demersal fish in the offshore environment as rock accounts for just 4% of the study area but is expected to contain over half of the total abundance. The value of sand habitats is also shown, as due to their large area they are able to contribute substantially to the total number of fish despite sustaining comparatively low densities.
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Montaño, de La Cruz Sonia Estela. "Plataformas de vídeo: apontamentos para uma ecologia do audiovisual da web na contemporaneidade." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3478.
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Associação Porticus
PROLIC - Pró-Licenciatura
Esta tese aborda o audiovisual contemporâneo que passa pelas plataformas de vídeo YouTube e Justin TV e, em seu percurso, vai realizando uma ecologia do audiovisual da web, entendendo-o como meio. O conceito de ecologia construído nesta tese parte de autores como McLuhan, Benjamin, Bergson e Latour, entre outros. Durante o encontro do princípio ecológico com os materiais audiovisuais em questão, vai se formando uma imagem dialética do audiovisual da web. Isto é, formam-se constelações que imobilizam esse audiovisual na sua duração e dão a ver sua áudiovisualidade atualizada no conjunto: vídeos, interfaces, usos e ambientes. A ecologia aponta para o banco de dados como a ontologia da contemporaneidade. Não só vídeos e usuários se tornam bancos de dados nas interfaces audiovisuais da web. Eles fazem parte de um ambiente, o dispositivo contemporâneo, dotado de urgência por trânsito e por conectividade, que cria outros dispositivos dos quais emerge um audiovisual - cuja característica mais destacada é seu valor de uso e cujos efeitos mais apontados nesta tese são a audiovisualização da cultura e a softwarização do audiovisual.
This thesis addresses the contemporary audiovisual that passes through the video platforms YouTube and Justin TV and, throughout the route, performs an ecology of the audiovisual on the web, regarding this as a medium. The concept of ecology built in this thesis comes from authors such as McLuhan, Benjamin, Bergson and Latour, among others. A dialectical image of the audio-visual on the web is formed during the meeting of the ecological principle with the audiovisual materials under consideration. That is, a set of constellations that immobilize such audio-visual in its duration and enable to see its audiovisuality expressed in the whole: videos, interfaces, uses and environments. The ecology points to the database as the ontology of contemporariness. Not only videos and users become databases in the web’s audiovisual interfaces: they are part of an environment, the contemporary device, provided with urgency for transit and connectivity. This creates other devices from whichan audio-visual emerges. Its most notable characteristic is its use value and its most noticed effect in this thesis is the audio visualization of the culture and the softwarization of the audio-visual.
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Ivarsson, Marcus. "Ultima Thule." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6918.
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The graduation work Ultima Thule made up by four parts, the first one is a science fiction world buliding made up of scripts, notes and sketches, the second one is a science fiction comic book in the edition of 200 with the name Everything in one place, this is the first part of the Ultima Thule-world. The third part is this report with text explaining the work process, and the third part was the participation in the Konstfack Spring Exhibition, this is also described in the report. Ultima Thule is a narrative about the end of humanity set in three Swedish cities; Västerås, Uppsala and Stockholm.
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Bruckermann, Charlotte Louise. "Life in the rural Shanxi house : seasonal resonances and techniques of transformation in north-central China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29cbecd1-7ce3-44e1-9abf-0ba9a1101565.
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This thesis gives an experiential account of notions of the home in contemporary rural China. Based on a year of fieldwork in a mountain village in rural Shanxi Province, the thesis explores everyday and ritual practices to investigate how people make themselves at home under conditions of political economic transformation. Villagers accommodate and resist conflicts of interest by negotiating boundaries of insiders and outsiders through the home. Differences of gender and generation come to the fore as people compromise between aspiration and pragmatism within the home under conditions of resurgent market competition. The theoretical concern of the thesis lies in connecting wider social processes to personal life projects through the intimate sphere of the home. The rhythm of the seasons patterns the thesis into spring, summer, autumn and winter chapters, as the seasons were pivotal in ordering people’s everyday practices and ritual activities within a shared social and ecological environment. The opening chapter on the autumn harvest coincided with my arrival in the village. The chapter explores how labour, and particularly women’s labour, transforms the earth into affective belonging, and how women negotiate conflicts over food consumption between the agricultural and market economy. The winter chapter parallels tales of personal life history with wider kinship networks across various generations, while simultaneously tracing bodily pathways from the domain of the hot stove in the home to the cold grave in the fields. The next chapter begins with the celebratory periods of springtime during the New Year Festival, a time of ritual renewal in the home when women partook in a local domestic ritual of propitiating the little spirits of the house. At Qingming Festival villagers’ practices of worshipping the ancestors in the fields were juxtaposed with a tour company’s staging of an elaborate ritual revival of star worship in the village. Conflicting aspirations over the future of the past thereby tore fissures into the emerging ritual terrain between outside spectacle and inside convergence. The last ethnographic chapter looks at the summer as a time for regenerating life, particularly through marriage and children. Reciprocal caring cycles between different generations of women are central to balancing domestic and occupational aspirations in negotiation with the local implementation of the family planning policy. House-based rituals at children’s birthday parties and bridal farewell ceremonies formally celebrate the roles of matrilateral relatives.
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Gould, Geoffrey Michael. "Signaling and Communication in the Breeding Behavior of the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus)." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595442814242732.
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Leite, Maria Juliana Borges. "Ecologia reprodutiva de Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) em Ãrea de mata de tabuleiro no Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8869.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorNeste trabalho foram realizados estudos quanto à ecologia reprodutiva de uma espÃcie de anfÃbio anuro ainda em processo de descriÃÃo taxonÃmica, chamada aqui de Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus, ocorrente atà o momento somente para o municÃpio de SÃo GonÃalo do Amarante, litoral oeste do CearÃ. O estudo teve duraÃÃo de um ano, porÃm, foi suficiente para confirmar que esta espÃcie apresenta sazonalidade, sendo observada somente em alguns meses chuvosos, de janeiro a maio de 2011, com pico de atividade no mÃs de abril e hÃbitos principalmente noturnos. Das condiÃÃes ambientais analisadas, como umidade, temperatura e pluviosidade, somente esta Ãltima que apresentou correlaÃÃo positiva quando correlacionada com a abundÃncia de indivÃduos em atividade. A espÃcie apresentou o padrÃo reprodutivo descrito para o grupo marmoratus, o qual apresenta cÃmaras subterrÃneas e ninho de espuma como caracterÃsticas principais da reproduÃÃo, em que estas cÃmaras sÃo construÃdas pelo macho da espÃcie antes de atrair a fÃmea. A atividade desta espÃcie ocorre em Ãreas de mata de tabuleiro, onde os machos vocalizam principalmente na serapilheira. Entretanto, foram observados machos vocalizando a cerca de 30 cm do solo, sobre a vegetaÃÃo, onde o macho vocaliza para atrair a fÃmea e esta ao se interessar em acasalar, exibe para o macho chutes no ar (âleg kickingâ). ApÃs isto, seguem para a cÃmara e realizam o amplexo. Foram localizadas quatro cÃmaras subterrÃneas de diÃmetro mÃdio 3,33 cm e profundidade mÃdia de 2,32 cm e trÃs destas foram localizadas com a presenÃa de ninhos de espuma e girinos no interior (n=9, 9, e 10). Esta espÃcie nÃo apresenta fase aquÃtica para desenvolvimento dos girinos, ocorrendo o modo reprodutivo 32. Hà dimorfismo sexual quanto ao tamanho para esta espÃcie e pode-se observar tambÃm diferenÃas morfolÃgicas entre machos e fÃmeas, em que os machos apresentam o focinho espatulado em forma de pÃ. Foram observadas nove sinalizaÃÃes visuais para esta espÃcie, sendo uma inÃdita e descrita neste trabalho, chamada de âcabeÃadasâ, na qual o macho vocaliza intensamente na presenÃa de outro macho invasor e em seguida realiza movimentos para trÃs, retirando as patas dianteiras do solo, chegando a formar um Ãngulo de cerca de 30Â. Dentre estas sinalizaÃÃes visuais exibidas, algumas sÃo de carÃter agressivo, demonstrando a presenÃa de territorialismo nesta espÃcie.
It is presented a detailed study on the reproductive ecology of an undescribed amphibiam anura species, called here Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus, occurring at SÃo GonÃalo do Amarante, west coast of CearÃ. The study was during one year, however, this species showed seasonality, observed only in rainy months, from January to May 2011, with peak in April and showing nocturnal habits. We analyzed the environmental conditions like humidity, temperature and rainfall, and only rainfall showed significance when correlated with abundance of individuals. The species has the reproductive pattern described for the marmoratus group which has underground chambers and foam nest as the main features of reproduction, in these chambers are constructed by the male of the species before attracting the female for mating. The activities occurs in forested areas called âmata de tabuleiroâ, vocalizing mainly in litter leaf, however, were observed males calling to about 30cm of soil. Males calls to attract females and if she to be interested in mating, displays leg kicking, after, they head to the chambers to mate. We found four underground chambers of 3.33 cm diameter and 2.32 cm depth mean. Three of these chambers were found with presence of foam nest and tadpoles inside (n= 9, 9 and 10). This species has no aquatic phase for the development of tadpoles, resulting in the reproductive mode 32. There was sexual dimorphism in size and it can be observed morphological differences between males and females, in which males have a rounded snout-shaped shovel. We observed nine visual signaling with one unprecedented being described in this work, called âcabeÃadasâ in which the male vocalized intensely in the presence of another invader male and then performs backwards movements, removing the arms of the soil, reaching an angle of 30Â. Some of these visual displays are aggressive, demonstrating the presence of territorialism in this species.
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Leite, Maria Juliana Borges. "Ecologia reprodutiva de Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) em área de mata de tabuleiro no Nordeste do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17159.
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LEITE, Maria Juliana Borges. Ecologia reprodutiva de Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) em área de mata de tabuleiro no Nordeste do Brasil. 2012. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ecologia e recursos naturais)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2012.Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-05-24T18:45:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_mjbleite.pdf: 10891745 bytes, checksum: 641839cdace7622461fd6d390f9774d5 (MD5)
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It is presented a detailed study on the reproductive ecology of an undescribed amphibiam anura species, called here Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus, occurring at São Gonçalo do Amarante, west coast of Ceará. The study was during one year, however, this species showed seasonality, observed only in rainy months, from January to May 2011, with peak in April and showing nocturnal habits. We analyzed the environmental conditions like humidity, temperature and rainfall, and only rainfall showed significance when correlated with abundance of individuals. The species has the reproductive pattern described for the marmoratus group which has underground chambers and foam nest as the main features of reproduction, in these chambers are constructed by the male of the species before attracting the female for mating. The activities occurs in forested areas called “mata de tabuleiro”, vocalizing mainly in litter leaf, however, were observed males calling to about 30cm of soil. Males calls to attract females and if she to be interested in mating, displays leg kicking, after, they head to the chambers to mate. We found four underground chambers of 3.33 cm diameter and 2.32 cm depth mean. Three of these chambers were found with presence of foam nest and tadpoles inside (n= 9, 9 and 10). This species has no aquatic phase for the development of tadpoles, resulting in the reproductive mode 32. There was sexual dimorphism in size and it can be observed morphological differences between males and females, in which males have a rounded snout-shaped shovel. We observed nine visual signaling with one unprecedented being described in this work, called “cabeçadas” in which the male vocalized intensely in the presence of another invader male and then performs backwards movements, removing the arms of the soil, reaching an angle of 30°. Some of these visual displays are aggressive, demonstrating the presence of territorialism in this species.
Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos quanto à ecologia reprodutiva de uma espécie de anfíbio anuro ainda em processo de descrição taxonômica, chamada aqui de Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus, ocorrente até o momento somente para o município de São Gonçalo do Amarante, litoral oeste do Ceará. O estudo teve duração de um ano, porém, foi suficiente para confirmar que esta espécie apresenta sazonalidade, sendo observada somente em alguns meses chuvosos, de janeiro a maio de 2011, com pico de atividade no mês de abril e hábitos principalmente noturnos. Das condições ambientais analisadas, como umidade, temperatura e pluviosidade, somente esta última que apresentou correlação positiva quando correlacionada com a abundância de indivíduos em atividade. A espécie apresentou o padrão reprodutivo descrito para o grupo marmoratus, o qual apresenta câmaras subterrâneas e ninho de espuma como características principais da reprodução, em que estas câmaras são construídas pelo macho da espécie antes de atrair a fêmea. A atividade desta espécie ocorre em áreas de mata de tabuleiro, onde os machos vocalizam principalmente na serapilheira. Entretanto, foram observados machos vocalizando a cerca de 30 cm do solo, sobre a vegetação, onde o macho vocaliza para atrair a fêmea e esta ao se interessar em acasalar, exibe para o macho chutes no ar (“leg kicking”). Após isto, seguem para a câmara e realizam o amplexo. Foram localizadas quatro câmaras subterrâneas de diâmetro médio 3,33 cm e profundidade média de 2,32 cm e três destas foram localizadas com a presença de ninhos de espuma e girinos no interior (n=9, 9, e 10). Esta espécie não apresenta fase aquática para desenvolvimento dos girinos, ocorrendo o modo reprodutivo 32. Há dimorfismo sexual quanto ao tamanho para esta espécie e pode-se observar também diferenças morfológicas entre machos e fêmeas, em que os machos apresentam o focinho espatulado em forma de pá. Foram observadas nove sinalizações visuais para esta espécie, sendo uma inédita e descrita neste trabalho, chamada de “cabeçadas”, na qual o macho vocaliza intensamente na presença de outro macho invasor e em seguida realiza movimentos para trás, retirando as patas dianteiras do solo, chegando a formar um ângulo de cerca de 30°. Dentre estas sinalizações visuais exibidas, algumas são de caráter agressivo, demonstrando a presença de territorialismo nesta espécie.
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Lisboa, Carolina Maria Cardoso Aires. "Sele??o sexual e modelagem visual em Ameivula ocellifera." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECOLOGIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24373.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A sele??o sexual ? respons?vel pela evolu??o de diversos sinais visuais consp?cuos utilizados na comunica??o intra e interespec?fica de in?meras esp?cies. Os lagartos t?m sistema visual com fotorreceptores que s?o sens?veis aos comprimentos de onda UV, e algumas esp?cies utilizam ornamentos de cor UV na comunica??o. Neste estudo, utilizamos espectrofotometria para obter evid?ncias de ornamenta??o UV em lagartos Ameivula ocellifera. Utilizando um aparato experimental em formato de arena, obtivemos evid?ncias do papel da sinaliza??o UV na sele??o sexual (prefer?ncia de f?meas e competi??o entre machos). Nossos resultados revelaram que a sinaliza??o UV ? importante na prefer?ncia de f?meas, uma vez que as mesmas exibem prefer?ncia por machos com maior reflect?ncia UV em rela??o aos machos com reflect?ncia experimentalmente reduzida. Tamb?m descobrimos que os machos com UV reduzido n?o foram mais propensos a perder disputas do que os controle, embora quanto maior a diferen?a de reflect?ncia UV entre os pares, menor o tempo de avalia??o entre os rivais antes do combate. Para avaliar se os sinais de cor s?o informativos da qualidade, testamos dois ornamentos de machos de A. ocellifera contra tra?os morfol?gicos e desempenho fisiol?gico. Descobrimos que machos maiores apresentaram comprimentos de onda UV e m?dio mais intensos nos ocelos dorsolaterais e, em contraste, os machos de cabe?a menor tiveram o croma UV mais intenso nas escamas ventrais exteriores (EVEs). Conclu?mos que a mesma caracter?stica de cor transmite diferentes mensagens dependendo da posi??o do sinal no corpo dos lagartos, sendo um indicativo de estrat?gias alternativas de sinaliza??o. Al?m disso, um maior brilho nas EVEs foi associado a maior for?a de mordida, sendo este um sinal confi?vel de capacidade de luta do macho. Esses resultados sugerem que existe um sistema de sinaliza??o m?ltipla na esp?cie. Por fim, modelamos os sistemas visuais de A. ocellifera e de dois tipos de predadores (ave de rapina e serpente) para descobrir como as manchas de colora??o s?o percebidas e explorar as consequ?ncias da colora??o consp?cua em termos de press?es seletivas. Encontramos dicromatismo entre os sexos, com a reflect?ncia UV de machos mais vis?veis e altamente distingu?veis dos das f?meas a partir do sistema visual de A. ocellifera. Os sinais UV foram altamente percept?veis quando em contraste com a colora??o do corpo e do ambiente natural para A. ocellifera e, menos mas ainda percept?veis, para os predadores, concordando com a hip?tese da condu??o sensorial. Esta tese esclarece o papel dos sinais sexuais e sua import?ncia nas comunica??es intra e interespec?ficas em lagartos. Nossas descobertas baseiam futuros estudos sobre evolu??o e comportamento e expandem o conhecimento acerca das sele??es natural e sexual propostas por Darwin.
Sexual selection is responsible for the evolution of many conspicuous visual signals used in intra and interspecific communication of innumerous species. Lizards have acute visual systems with retinal photoreceptors that are sensitive to UV wavelengths, and some species use UV colour ornaments for communication. In this study, we used UV full-spectrum reflectance spectrophotometry to collect data from Ameivula ocellifera UV structural colouration. Using an arena-form experimental set, we obtained evidence for the role of UV signaling in sexual selection (mate choice and male-male interactions). Our results showed that UV chroma is important in female association preference, as females exhibit spatial preference for males of higher UV reflectance over males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance. We also found that A. ocellifera males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance were not more likely to lose contests than control males, although bigger the difference of UV reflectance between pairs, smaller the evaluation time between rivals before the contest. We also tested two male ornaments in A. ocellifera against morphological traits and physiological performance to assess whether colour signals are informative for male quality traits. We found that larger males had more intense short (UV) and medium wavelength chroma on dorsolateral eyespots and, in contrast, smaller-headed males had more intense UV chroma on outer ventral scales (OVS). We concluded that the same colour trait convey different messages depending on the body position of the signal, perhaps indicative of alternative signalling strategies. Moreover, higher brightness on OVS signals were associated with stronger bite force, being a reliable signal of fighting ability. These results suggest that there is a multiple signalling system in our model species. Finally, we modeled the visual system of A. ocellifera, snake and avian predators to access how colour patches appear to the receivers. We found that there are dichromatism between sexes, with UV signals of males more conspicuous in reflectance and highly distinguishable from females to conspecifics visual system. UV signals were highly perceptible from body colouration and from natural background to conspecifics and less but still perceptible to predators, agreeing with sensory drive hypothesis. This thesis enlighten the role of sexual signals and their importance on intra and interspecific communications in lizards. Our findings support further studies on evolution and behavior and expand the knowledge on natural and sexual selections initiated by Darwin.
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Buschbeck, Elke Karin Ursula 1967. "Neural pathways underlying visually guided flight control in flies (Diptera): Evolutionary implications and phylogenetic consequences of cellular architecture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282233.
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In dipteran brains, a motion sensitive but color insensitive, pathway consists of large diameter neurons, organized as a precise retinotopic map. Several cell classes can be uniquely identified by their shapes, projections and relative positions in the neuropil. Morphological comparisons of small-field neurons in the second visual neuropil, the medulla, in 16 dipteran taxa reveal that those neurons that are involved in elementary motion computation are conserved in aspects that are expected to contribute to the functional pathway, but vary moderately in shape and cell decorations. On the other hand large-field neurons of the third visual neuropil, the lobula plate (LP), vary considerably in their numbers, shapes and positions within the mosaic. Those are neurons that integrate information from arrays of EMDs in a taxon-specific way. Because of the map-like organization of this neuropil, differences in cell size, architecture and cell number are of major functional consequence. Character evolution studies suggest that specific LP organizations are indeed tightly connected with specific functional properties; namely, differences that influence flight behavior. For example, the comparison of isomorphic vertical cells against hovering flight reveals multiple parallel origins of these two character traits. Other characters are closely associated with phylogenetic hypothesis, and no evolutionarily associated functional characteristics have been found. A parsimony analysis based on 32 neuroanatomical characters shows close similarities with conventional literature-derived hypotheses, suggesting the systematic value of neuroanatomical characters.
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Giraldes, Bruno Welter. "“Decápodes Infralitorâneos dos Recifes Costeiros de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil – Uma Abordagem Com Censo Visual Subaquático Noturno”." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12151.
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Tese Bruno W. Giraldes 2012. Decápodes infralitorâneos dos recifes costeiros de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil – uma abordagem#8072.compressed.pdf: 9033191 bytes, checksum: 309c0c23f0af5e6c91611441cb570c94 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T14:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Bruno W. Giraldes 2012. Decápodes infralitorâneos dos recifes costeiros de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil – uma abordagem#8072.compressed.pdf: 9033191 bytes, checksum: 309c0c23f0af5e6c91611441cb570c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-03
FACEPE
Esta tese é apresentada em forma de 5 capítulos e tem como objetivos: 1a) adaptar e testar técnica de censo visual subaquático para decápodes em ambientes recifais e montar guia de campo com espécies alvo; 1b) comparar a técnica de censo visual com a técnica tradicional de coleta de decápodes e apresentar uma sinopse taxonômica dos Decapoda de Porto de Galinhas; 2) registrar a presença do camarão barbouriídeo Janicea antiguesis (Chace, 1972) para Porto de Galinhas e Tamandaré em Pernambuco e para Guarapari no Espírito Santo, Brasil; 3) descrever a zonação dos decápodes infralitorâneos encontrados durante mergulho noturno no ecossistema recifal; 4) investigar a influencia da atividade turística sobre a comunidade dos decápodes infralitorâneos nos recifes; 5) analisar a influência do ciclo lunar sobre os decápodes infralitorâneos encontrados durante mergulho scuba noturno nos recifes costeiros. O CAPÍTULO I – descreve a técnica de censo visual subaquático com transecto faixa para ser realizada no período noturno com decápodes. Foram capturados 38 decápodes durante os mergulhos e foram escolhidas 28 espécies alvo para o guia de campo. Foram realizados 148 censos visuais noturno e comparados com os dados de bibliografia (43 decápodes coletados manualmente pela superfície). Foi montada a sinopse taxonômica com 70 decápodes para todo o recifes de Porto de Galinhas. Os resultados demonstram que cada técnica de coleta aborda um grupo específico de decápodes com diferentes valores de abundância e frequência e que a técnica de coleta com censo visual noturno é viável (principalmente para decápodes grandes de valor econômico) porém é complementar às técnicas tradicionais de coleta manual de superfície. O CAPÍTULO II – através do registro de exemplares de J. antiguensis para o Nordeste e Leste do Brasil, este trabalho estende consideravelmente para o Sul o limite de ocorrência desta espécie na costa brasileira. São apresentadas fotografias coloridas de J. antiguensis de varias localidades do Atlântico e seus padrões de coloração são comparados com o semelhante camarão Barboriidae do Indo-Oeste Pacifico Parhippolyte misticia (Clark, 1989). Múltiplas observações de pares de indivíduos ovígeros com embriões em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, sugere um hermafroditismo protândrico simultâneo em J. antiguensis. No CAPÍTULO III – referente a zonação dos decápodes, os resultados demonstram que as espécies estão distribuídas no ecossistema recifal em 3 habitats 1) o habitat “externo” recifal iluminado, (franja e parede); 2) o habitat recifal cavernoso “interno” e escuro, formado pelas cavernas, grutas e cavidades recifais; e 3) um habitat “circundante” de substrato móvel e fragmentos recifais que rodeiam a estrutura recifal. Dois fatores abióticos foram responsáveis por esta zonação, o tipo de substrato (recifal consolidado e fundo móvel); e a incidência luminosa no recife (externo iluminado e interno cavernoso). Os decápodes característicos de cada habitat apresentaram características e adaptações morfológicas em comum para a vida em cada habitat. Com relação ao hidrodinamismo e/ou a profundidade os decápodes se deslocam mais de um habitat ao outro com o aumento do hidrodinamismo/profundidade, e somente o habitat cavernoso não é afetado pelo alto hidrodinamismo. O CAPÍTULO IV – comparou Porto de Galinhas (alto turismo) e Tamandaré (baixo turismo) para determinar a influencia do turismo sobre os decápodes. Os resultados demonstram que as principais influências ocorrem no habitat fundo móvel e no habitat externo dos pontos rasos (fácil acesso humano) e principalmente sobre a comunidade de Brachyura e Anomura. Devido a falta de cobertura bêntica viva sobre o habitat externo causado pelo turismo (pisoteio), houve uma diminuição da diversidade de Brachyura associados as algas, esponjas e corais e v estimulou uma maior abundância de poucas espécies comedoras de macroalgas pisoteadas (disponíveis). Devido a tradicional coleta de conchas em pontos turísticos e a necessidade de conchas disponíveis para o crescimentos dos ermitões (Anomura), em Porto de Galinhas houve uma grande diminuição da abundância e diversidade de ermitões. Portanto o turismo afeta direta e indiretamente a comunidade de decápodes recifais. No CAPÍTULO V – foi determinada a influência do ciclo lunar sobre os decápodes, comparando (através de censos visuais noturnos) a distribuição das espécies nos recifes de Porto de Galinhas durante as luas Cheia, Minguante e Nova. Vários resultados sugerem que a ausência da luminosidade durante a lua nova, seja o principal fator a influenciar na distribuição dos decápodes crípticos de hábito noturno (principalmente os cavernosos). A maré de quadratura também influenciou na distribuição dos decápodes e estimulou algumas espécies a saírem mais de seus esconderijos neste período semilunar. Portanto, as fases da lua influenciam diretamente na composição e distribuição dos decápodes nos recifes estudados e podem estar revelando uma sincronicidade reprodutiva ou um comportamento alimentar (forrageamento) sincronizado padrão para os decápodes recifais no nordeste do Brasil.
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Neptune, Nordahl Christian. "Elias dos bonecos." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284888.
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Orientador: Etienne Ghislain SamainDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Milet-Pinheiro, Paulo. "Abelhas oligoléticas e plantas hospedeiras: ecologia cognitiva e da polinização." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/694.
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Previous issue date: 2011Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O presente estudo investigou a interação entre abelhas oligoléticas, que coletam pólen em plantas de um mesmo gênero ou família, e suas plantas hospedeiras, destacando aspectos adaptativos da ecologia cognitiva e da polinização. Abelhas oligoléticas Chelostoma rapunculi apresentam adaptações neurológicas visuais e olfativas que controlam a atração e preferência inata pelos sinais florais da planta hospedeira Campanula trachelium. Baseada nessas adaptações Ch. rapunculi é capaz de reconhecer flores de Ca. trachelium, caracterizadas por sinais visuais repetitivos na natureza, i.e. cor UV-azul, mas, ao mesmo tempo, por sinais olfativos altamente específicos, as espiroacetais. Esses voláteis florais raros são os únicos capazes de atrair abelhas inexperientes de Ch. rapunculi e são, consequentemente, a chave para o reconhecimento inato da planta hospedeira Ca. trachelium. Isso indica que, pelo menos nessa espécie, a oligoletia deve ser controlada por limitações neurológicas, geneticamente determinadas. Na interação entre a abelha oligolética Ceblurgus longipalpis e a planta hospedeira Cordia leucocephala, foi evidenciada uma dependência mútua, onde a planta distílica depende da abelha como único polinizador e a abelha depende da planta como fonte exclusiva de pólen (monoletia). Nessa associação, adaptações morfológicas em ambos os parceiros foram evidenciadas. A abelha Ce. Longipalpis desenvolveu peças bucais alongadas e pilosas incomuns entre abelhas de línguas curtas para explorar o pólen escondido de flores longistilas de Co. leucocephala e o néctar na base do tubo floral estreito, ambos inacessíveis para outros visitantes florais