Relevant bibliographies by topics / Visual Discrimination Task

Academic literature on the topic 'Visual Discrimination Task'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Visual Discrimination Task"

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Gaillard, B., and J. Feng. "Modelling a visual discrimination task." Neurocomputing 65-66 (June 2005): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2004.10.008.

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Huk, Alexander C., and David J. Heeger. "Task-Related Modulation of Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 3525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3525.

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We performed a series of experiments to quantify the effects of task performance on cortical activity in early visual areas. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure cortical activity in several cortical visual areas including primary visual cortex (V1) and the MT complex (MT+) as subjects performed a variety of threshold-level visual psychophysical tasks. Performing speed, direction, and contrast discrimination tasks produced strong modulations of cortical activity. For example, one experiment tested for selective modulations of MT+ activity as subjects alternated between performing contrast and speed discrimination tasks. MT+ responses modulated in phase with the periods of time during which subjects performed the speed discrimination task; that is, MT+ activity was higher during speed discrimination than during contrast discrimination. Task-related modulations were consistent across repeated measurements in each subject; however, significant individual differences were observed between subjects. Together, the results suggest 1) that specific changes in the cognitive/behavioral state of a subject can exert selective and reliable modulations of cortical activity in early visual cortex, even in V1; 2) that there are significant individual differences in these modulations; and 3) that visual areas and pathways that are highly sensitive to small changes in a given stimulus feature (such as contrast or speed) are selectively modulated during discrimination judgments on that feature. Increasing the gain of the relevant neuronal signals in this way may improve their signal-to-noise to help optimize task performance.
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Fukuda, Kyosuke. "Analysis of Eyeblink Activity during Discriminative Tasks." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1599.

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To evaluate the blinking pattern during and after cognitive processing, 10 subjects' eyeblinks were recorded by a videotape recording camera placed 100 cm from the subjects' side. The subjects' task was to discriminate two kinds of auditory tones presented serially and to discriminate two kinds of visual stimuli presented serially. Treatments were composed of the baseline condition preexperiment, the visual task with no discrimination, the visual discriminative task, the auditory task with no discrimination, and the auditory discriminative task. The blink rate in each treatment, the temporal distribution of blinks poststimulus, and the blink waveform were evaluated. Although blinks were not inhibited during tasks, frequent blinks after tasks were observed in both modalities. Blinks concentrated between 300 msec. and 800 msec. after the discriminated stimulus and formulated the blink-rate peak. The closing velocity of lid in the blink rate peak was lower after auditory stimulus. Moreover, the lid's opening velocity after the auditory discrimination was higher. These results indicated that the eyelid closed slowly and opened quickly after the auditory discriminative stimulus.
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Jaén, EM, EM Colombo, and CF Kirschbaum. "A simple visual task to assess flicker effects on visual performance." Lighting Research & Technology 43, no. 4 (July 11, 2011): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153511405409.

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Temporal modulation of lighting at frequencies higher than the critical fusion frequency can affect human efficiency in diverse ways that are not understood. A simple visual search task was used to assess visual performance under lighting with low (3%) and high (32%) temporal modulation and compared with the results of a conventional discrimination task in an identical situation. Even when side-by-side subjective appraisal corroborates that there are no visually perceptible differences between the two forms of lighting, both tasks show a reduction in visual performance when temporal modulation increases. Significantly larger relative differences between the two levels of modulation and better discrimination between individuals were obtained with the visual search task, demonstrating that the search task could be more useful for identifying individuals sensitive to flicker. The reasons why the visual search task might be more sensitive to flicker than the discrimination task are discussed.
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Seider, T., E. Porges, A. Woods, and R. Cohen. "C-19 An fMRI Study of Age-Associated Changes in Basic Visual Discrimination." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.181.

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Abstract Objective The study was conducted to determine age-associated changes in functional brain response, measured with fMRI, during visual discrimination with regard to three elementary components of visual perception: shape, location, and velocity. A secondary aim was to validate the method used to isolate the hypothesized brain regions associated with these perceptual functions. Method Items from the Visual Assessment Battery (VAB), a simultaneous match-to-sample task, assessed visual discrimination in 40 healthy adults during fMRI. Participants were aged 51-91 and recruited from a larger community sample for a study on normal aging. The tasks were designed to isolate neural recruitment during discrimination of either location, shape, or velocity by using tasks that were identical aside from the perceptual skill required to complete them. Results The Location task uniquely activated the dorsal visual processing stream, the Shape task the ventral stream, and the Velocity task V5/MT. Greater age was associated with greater neural recruitment, particularly in frontal areas (uncorrected voxel-level p < .001, family-wise error cluster-level p□.05). Conclusions Results validated the specialization of brain regions for spatial, perceptual, and movement discriminations and the use of the VAB to assess functioning localized to these regions. Anterior neural recruitment during visual discrimination increases with age.
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Merigan, William H. "Basic visual capacities and shape discrimination after lesions of extrastriate area V4 in macaques." Visual Neuroscience 13, no. 1 (January 1996): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800007124.

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Abstractlbotenic acid lesions were made in four macaque monkeys in a region of cortical area V4 that corresponds to the lower quadrant of one hemifield. For visual testing, fixation locus was monitoredwith scleral search coils and controlled behaviorally to place test stimuli either in the lesionedquadrant or in a control location in the opposite hemifield. Some basic visual capacities were slightly altered by the lesions; there was a two-fold reduction of luminance contrast sensitivity as well as red-green chromatic contrast sensitivity, both tested with stationary gratings. On the other hand, little or no loss was found when contrast sensitivity for detection or direction discrimination was tested with 10–Hz drifting gratings nor was there a reliable change in visual acuity. Hue and luminance matching were tested with a spatially more complex matching-to-sample task, but monkeys could not learn this task in the visual field locus of a V4 lesion. If previously trained at this locus, performance was not affected by the lesion. In contrast to the small effects on basic visual capabilities, performance on two form discrimination tasks was devastated by V4 lesions. The first involved discriminating the orientation of colinear groups of dots on a background of randomly placed dots. The second involved discriminating the orientation of a group of three line segments surrounded by differently oriented line segments. Some selectivity of the deficitsfor form discrimination was shown by the lack of an effect of the lesions on a global motion discrimination. These results show that while V4 lesions cause only slight disruptions of basic visual capacities, they profoundly disrupt form discriminations.
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Richmond, B. J., and T. Sato. "Enhancement of inferior temporal neurons during visual discrimination." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 1292–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1292.

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1. Previous results have shown that spatially directed attention enhances the stimulus-elicited responses of neurons in some areas of the brain. In the inferior temporal (IT) cortex, however, directing attention toward a stimulus mildly inhibits the responses of the neurons. Inferior temporal cortex is involved in pattern discrimination, but not spatial localization. If enhancement signifies that a neuron is participating in the function for which that part of cortex is responsible, then pattern discrimination, not spatial attention, should enhance responses of IT neurons. The influence of pattern discrimination behavior on the responses of IT neurons was therefore compared with previously reported suppressive influences of both spatial attention and the fixation point. 2. Single IT neurons were recorded from two monkeys while they performed each of five tasks. One task required the monkey to make a pattern discrimination between a bar and a square of light. In the other four tasks the same bar of light appeared, but the focus of spatial attention could differ, and the fixation point could be present or absent. Either attention to (without discrimination of) the bar stimulus or the presence of the fixation point attenuated responses slightly. These two suppressive influences produced a greater attenuation when both were present. 3. The visual conditions and motor requirements when the bar stimulus appeared in the discrimination task were identical to those of the trials in the stimulus attention task. However, one-half of the responsive neurons showed significantly stronger responses to the bar stimulus when it appeared in the discrimination task than when it appeared in the stimulus attention task. For most of these neurons, discrimination just overcame the combined effect of the two suppressive influences. For six other neurons, the response strength was significantly greater during the discrimination task than during any other task. 4. The monkeys achieved an overall correct performance rate of 90% in both the discrimination and stimulus attention tasks. To achieve this performance in the discrimination task they adopted a strategy in which they performed one trial type, bar stimulus attention trials, perfectly (100%) and the other trial type, pattern trials, relatively poorly (84% correct).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Jazayeri, M., and J. A. Movshon. "Visual motion processing in a direction discrimination task." Journal of Vision 5, no. 8 (March 16, 2010): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.8.494.

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Rahmouni, Sohir, Anna Montagnini, and Laurent Madelain. "Saccadic gain controlled by a visual discrimination task." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.899.

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Suge, Rie, Hajime Hasegawa, and Tomokazu Shimazu. "Learning deficit of OLETF in visual discrimination task." Neuroscience Research 58 (January 2007): S226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.499.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Visual Discrimination Task"

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Arsenault, Serge A. "The dynamics of texture segregation : a task comparison approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69546.

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The time course of texture segregation was studied for three different measures of segregation (detection, localization and identification of an embedded texture region) under three different raster width conditions (26$ sp prime$, 43$ sp prime$ and 61$ sp prime$ of arc) by using a backward masking paradigm. The masking data were described with an exponential model the parameters of which represent rate of performance improvement and asymptotic performance level. The results indicate that: (1) information supporting localization accrues more rapidly than information supporting identification, (2) increasing element spacing had a more detrimental effect on identification than on localization, (3) under most spacing conditions, performance on detection fell between that for localization and identification. In conclusion, these three widely used texture segregation tasks cannot be considered equivalent measures of a single process. However, comparisons among their respective time courses may enable us to better characterize the mechanisms underlying the segregation process.
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Mazurek, Mark. "Neural mechanisms for combining information in a visual discrimination task /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10649.

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Lalonde, Jasmin. "Task-dependent transfer of perceptual to memory representations during delayed spatial frequency discrimination." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33911.

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Discrimination thresholds were obtained during a delayed spatial frequency discrimination task. In Experiment 1, we found that presentation of a mask 3 s before onset of a reference Gabor patch caused selective interference in a subsequent discrimination task. However, a 10 s interval abolished this masking effect. In Experiment 2, the mask was associated with a second spatial frequency discrimination task so that a representation of the mask had to be coded into short-term perceptual memory. The presence of this second discrimination task now caused similar interference effects on the primary discrimination task at both the 3 s and 10 s ISI conditions. The different results from these two experiments are best explained by a two-step perceptual memory mechanism. The results also provide further insight into the conditions under which stimulus representations are shared between the perceptual and memory domains.
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Corns, David Allan. "The effects of graduated stimulus change on learning efficiency in a visual discrimination task." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720342.

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The investigation examined differences in learning efficiency produced by two different methods of discrimination training among regular placement fifth-grade pupils. It was designed to explore possible between-group differences in rate of learning, length of training, mastery rate, recall of learning, and task persistence following training. The experiment consisted of training, an interference task, and a concluding posttest. Two independent groups were formed by random assignment of subjects. The experimental group began training with graduated stimulus change trials--that is, subjects were presented with a succession of three visual discrimination tasks consisting of six trials per task designed to teach correct responding before incorrect alternatives were gradually introduced. Control subjects did not receive graduated stimulus change trials. Instead, they began each task in the training phase with more complex discriminations at trial seven. Pennies were used for reinforcement of correct choices in each group; incorrect selection resulted in no reinforcer delivery. Both groups were then administered a brief exercise designed to inhibit the recall of acquired discriminations. All subjects concluded with a 54-item posttest consisting of intermingled trials from the three-task training phase. The first 21 items were considered mandatory, but the final 33 were optional (i.e., subjects were instructed to complete as many items as they wished and informed that each correct selection earned a penny). Results indicated that graduated stimulus change (GSC) learners committed significantly fewer errors learning the discriminations and mastered significantly more of the training tasks presented than did trial-and-error learners. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the length of training nor in the degree of persistence during posttest voluntary responding. GSC subjects also committed significantly fewer errors on recall than controls although the degree of absolute forgetting in each group was not significantly different. The findings suggest that regular placement, "easy-to-teach" pupils can profit from GSC programming in several important ways. Without lengthening the training process, stimulus control methodologies can render instruction more efficient than trial-and-error procedures for nonimpaired learners. The need is apparent for further experimental research on the application of errorless discrimination procedures to other areas and levels of education.
Department of Educational Psychology
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Robinson, andrea Maureen. "Blockade of Muscarinic M1 Receptors Disrupts Performance on an Attention-Demanding Visual Discrimination Task." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626606.

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Miller, Robert Howard. "A component task analysis of stereoscopic displays." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39685.

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Wiesemann, Elizabeth Y. "The Visual Perception of Elasticity." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/75.

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Saylor, Stephanie A. "CONTEXTUAL EFFECTS ON FINE ORIENTATION DISCRIMINATION TASKS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1061319633.

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King, Robert A. "Perceptual grouping selection rules in visual search : methods of sub-group selection in multiple target visual search tasks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32821.

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Attoh, mensah Kouakou. "Risques de chutes et de troubles cognitifs consécutifs à la consommation de certains médicaments chez les seniors : approche translationnelle Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Adults 55 Years or Older: A Risk for Impaired Global Cognition, Executive Function, and Mobility Adverse Effects of Anticholinergic Drugs on Cognition and Mobility: Cutoff for Impairment in a Cross-Sectional Study in Young-Old and Old-Old Adults : Chronic tramadol administration impairs reversal learning in a touchscreen-based visual discrimination task in mice." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC427.

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Les psychotropes et les médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques (anti-muscariniques) ont été associés aux risques de chute et de troubles cognitifs chez les séniors. Nos travaux avaient pour but de mieux comprendre le rôle de ces médicaments dans les phénomènes de troubles de la mobilité et de troubles cognitifs. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré que la consommation de 2 psychotropes ou plus par jour et/ou d’1 seul médicament à propriétés anticholinergiques par jour, dès la charge anticholinergique minimale, est associée à un déficit lors de tests d’évaluation de la marche et de la cognition chez une population de séniors dès l’âge de 55 ans. En ce qui concerne les médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques, ces effets néfastes sur la marche et sur la cognition étaient plus prononcés chez les personnes âgées de 75 ans ou plus. Les fonctions exécutives étaient sévèrement affectées par ces deux types de médicaments qui semblaient d’ailleurs affecter la mobilité via ce dysfonctionnement exécutif. Nous avons par ailleurs montré que, parmi les médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques les plus prescrits dans notre population de séniors, la consommation de tramadol, un antalgique de palier 2, était le plus associé à des effets néfastes sur la marche et la cognition. Il est toutefois difficile d’affirmer que ces effets observés sont dus exclusivement à la consommation du tramadol en raison de la polymédication présente chez les sujets. Pour identifier les médicaments les plus à risque, les études chez l’animal, dans lesquelles l’administration de médicaments peut être contrôlée, peuvent être d’un grand intérêt. C’est ainsi que, dans un second temps, nous avons montré que l’administration chronique de tramadol altère les fonctions exécutives telles que mesurées par un test de flexibilité cognitive chez la souris jeune adulte. L’ensemble de ces résultats devraient alerter les médecins sur le fait qu’il est crucial de réduire la polymédication de psychotropes d’une part, et la prescription de tout type de médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques d’autre part, chez les séniors, dès l’âge de 55 ans. Il faudrait également prendre des mesures qui visent à prescrire des traitements alternatifs chaque fois que cela est possible. En ce qui concerne le tramadol, ces résultats suggèrent la nécessité de renforcer toutes les mesures qui ont été prises récemment pour lutter contre le mésusage de cet antalgique
Psychotropic drugs and drugs with anticholinergic properties (anti-muscarinics) have been associated with risks of falls and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Our work aimed at improving knowledge about the role of these drugs in gait and cognitive impairment. We first showed that daily consumption of 2 or more psychotropic drugs per day and / or only 1 drug with anticholinergic properties, regardless of its anticholinergic burden, is associated with impaired scores on gait and cognitive test in a population of seniors from the age of 55 years. With regard to drugs with anticholinergic properties, these adverse effects were more pronounced in people aged 75 years or older. Executive functions were the severely affected by these drugs consumption. We have also shown that among the most prescribed drugs with anticholinergic properties, the consumption of tramadol, a level 2 analgesic, was the most associated with harmful effects on gait and cognition. However, it is difficult to ascertain that these observed adverse effects are solely driven by the consumption of tramadol due to the polypharmacy in this population. To identify the drugs most at risk, animal studies, in which the administration of drugs can be controlled, may be of great interest. Hence, as a second step, we showed that the chronic administration of tramadol impairs executive functions as measured by cognitive flexibility in young adult mice. Altogether these results should alert physicians on the fact that it is crucial to reduce polypharmacy of psychotropic drugs as well as the prescription of all types of drugs with anticholinergic properties. Alternative treatments should be prioritized as soon as possible. With regard to tramadol, these results suggest the need to strengthen the measures taken recently to combat the misuse of this analgesic
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Books on the topic "Visual Discrimination Task"

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Clark, Kelsey L., Behrad Noudoost, Robert J. Schafer, and Tirin Moore. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.010.

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Covert spatial attention prioritizes the processing of stimuli at a given peripheral location, away from the direction of gaze, and selectively enhances visual discrimination, speed of processing, contrast sensitivity, and spatial resolution at the attended location. While correlates of this type of attention, which are believed to underlie perceptual benefits, have been found in a variety of visual cortical areas, more recent observations suggest that these effects may originate from frontal and parietal areas. Evidence for a causal role in attention is especially robust for the Frontal Eye Field, an oculomotor area within the prefrontal cortex. FEF firing rates have been shown to reflect the location of voluntarily deployed covert attention in a variety of tasks, and these changes in firing rate precede those observed in extrastriate cortex. In addition, manipulation of FEF activity—whether via electrical microstimulation, pharmacologically, or operant conditioning—can produce attention-like effects on behaviour and can modulate neural signals within posterior visual areas. We review this evidence and discuss the role of the FEF in visual spatial attention.
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Book chapters on the topic "Visual Discrimination Task"

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Kumagai, T., T. Takeda, and H. Endo. "Measurement of MEG Evoked by Visual Discrimination Task." In Biomag 96, 813–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1260-7_199.

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Ngo, Mary K., Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Tristan Grigoleit, and Thomas Z. Strybel. "A Visual Discrimination Task for Symbols in Air Traffic Management." In Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction for Health, Safety, Mobility and Complex Environments, 540–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39215-3_62.

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Léger, Pierre-Majorique, Elise Labonté-Lemoyne, Marc Fredette, Ann-Frances Cameron, François Bellavance, Franco Lepore, Jocelyn Faubert, et al. "Task Switching and Visual Discrimination in Pedestrian Mobile Multitasking: Influence of IT Mobile Task Type." In Information Systems and Neuroscience, 245–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28144-1_27.

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Bressler, Steven L., and Richard Nakamura. "Inter-area Synchronization in Macaque Neocortex During a Visual Pattern Discrimination Task." In Computation and Neural Systems, 515–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3254-5_78.

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Tokonabe, Kota, Keiichi Watanuki, Kazunori Kaede, and Keiichi Muramatsu. "Evaluation of the Attention Effect of the Fraser-Wilcox Illusion in a Visual Discrimination Task." In Advances in Industrial Design, 1000–1006. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51194-4_131.

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Finke, Andrea, and Helge Ritter. "Discriminating Object from Non-object Perception in a Visual Search Task by Joint Analysis of Neural and Eyetracking Data." In Neural Information Processing, 546–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46672-9_61.

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Fukuda, Masaji, Ryoichi Masuda, Taketoshi Ono, and Eiichi Tabuch. "Chapter 30 Responses of monkey basal forebrain neurons during visual discrimination task." In Progress in Brain Research, 359–69. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60381-7.

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Antúnez, E., Y. Haxhimusa, R. Marfil, W. G. Kropatsch, and A. Bandera. "Artificial Visual Attention Using Combinatorial Pyramids." In Robotic Vision, 437–55. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2672-0.ch022.

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Computer vision systems have to deal with thousands, sometimes millions of pixel values from each frame, and the computational complexity of many problems related to the interpretation of image data is very high. The task becomes especially difficult if a system has to operate in real-time. Within the Combinatorial Pyramid framework, the proposed computational model of attention integrates bottom-up and top-down factors for attention. Neurophysiologic studies have shown that, in humans, these two factors are the main responsible ones to drive attention. Bottom-up factors emanate from the scene and focus attention on regions whose features are sufficiently discriminative with respect to the features of their surroundings. On the other hand, top-down factors are derived from cognitive issues, such as knowledge about the current task. Specifically, the authors only consider in this model the knowledge of a given target to drive attention to specific regions of the image. With respect to previous approaches, their model takes into consideration not only geometrical properties and appearance information, but also internal topological layout. Once the focus of attention has been fixed to a region of the scene, the model evaluates if the focus is correctly located over the desired target. This recognition algorithm considers topological features provided by the pre-attentive stage. Thus, attention and recognition are tied together, sharing the same image descriptors.
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Shabayek, Abd El Rahman, Olivier Morel, and David Fofi. "Bio-Inspired Polarization Vision Techniques for Robotics Applications." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 81–117. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7387-8.ch005.

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Researchers have been inspired by nature to build the next generation of smart robots. Based on the mechanisms adopted by the animal kingdom, research teams have developed solutions to common problems that autonomous robots faced while performing basic tasks. Polarization-based behaviour is one of the most distinctive features of some species of the animal kingdom. Light polarization parameters significantly expand visual capabilities of autonomous robots. Polarization vision can be used for most tasks of color vision, like object recognition, contrast enhancement, camouflage breaking, and signal detection and discrimination. In this chapter, the authors briefly cover polarization-based visual behavior in the animal kingdom. Then, they go in depth with bio-inspired applications based on polarization in computer vision and robotics. The aim is to have a comprehensive survey highlighting the key principles of polarization-based techniques and how they are biologically inspired.
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Shabayek, Abd El Rahman, Olivier Morel, and David Fofi. "Bio-Inspired Polarization Vision Techniques for Robotics Applications." In Computer Vision, 421–57. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5204-8.ch017.

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Researchers have been inspired by nature to build the next generation of smart robots. Based on the mechanisms adopted by the animal kingdom, research teams have developed solutions to common problems that autonomous robots faced while performing basic tasks. Polarization-based behaviour is one of the most distinctive features of some species of the animal kingdom. Light polarization parameters significantly expand visual capabilities of autonomous robots. Polarization vision can be used for most tasks of color vision, like object recognition, contrast enhancement, camouflage breaking, and signal detection and discrimination. In this chapter, the authors briefly cover polarization-based visual behavior in the animal kingdom. Then, they go in depth with bio-inspired applications based on polarization in computer vision and robotics. The aim is to have a comprehensive survey highlighting the key principles of polarization-based techniques and how they are biologically inspired.
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Conference papers on the topic "Visual Discrimination Task"

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Silsbee, Peter L., and Alan C. Bovik. "Audio-visual speech recognition for a vowel discrimination task." In Visual Communications '93, edited by Barry G. Haskell and Hsueh-Ming Hang. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.157855.

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Chakraborty, Dev P. "Predicting detection task performance using a visual discrimination model." In Medical Imaging 2004, edited by Dev P. Chakraborty and Miguel P. Eckstein. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.533270.

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Dong, Nanqing, Matteo Maggioni, Yongxin Yang, Eduardo Pérez-Pellitero, Ales Leonardis, and Steven McDonagh. "Residual Contrastive Learning for Image Reconstruction: Learning Transferable Representations from Noisy Images." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/406.

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This paper is concerned with contrastive learning (CL) for low-level image restoration and enhancement tasks. We propose a new label-efficient learning paradigm based on residuals, residual contrastive learning (RCL), and derive an unsupervised visual representation learning framework, suitable for low-level vision tasks with noisy inputs. While supervised image reconstruction aims to minimize residual terms directly, RCL alternatively builds a connection between residuals and CL by defining a novel instance discrimination pretext task, using residuals as the discriminative feature. Our formulation mitigates the severe task misalignment between instance discrimination pretext tasks and downstream image reconstruction tasks, present in existing CL frameworks. Experimentally, we find that RCL can learn robust and transferable representations that improve the performance of various downstream tasks, such as denoising and super resolution, in comparison with recent self-supervised methods designed specifically for noisy inputs. Additionally, our unsupervised pre-training can significantly reduce annotation costs whilst maintaining performance competitive with fully-supervised image reconstruction.
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Chakraborty, Dev P. "Predicting detection task performance using a visual discrimination model: II." In Medical Imaging, edited by Miguel P. Eckstein and Yulei Jiang. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.594609.

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Picinali, Lorenzo, Christopher Feakes, Davide Mauro, and Brian FG Katz. "Tone-2 tones discrimination task comparing audio and haptics." In 2012 IEEE International Workshop on Haptic Audio Visual Environments and Games (HAVE 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/have.2012.6374432.

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Yu, Hongtao, Qi Li, and Hongzan Sun. "A task-irrelevant sound modulates the effects of simultaneous visual cue on visual discrimination: An fMRI study." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2016.7558867.

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Protopapa, F., I. Evaggelidis, I. Myatchin, L. Lagae, and C. I. Siettos. "Non parametric granger causality EEG analysis of a visual 1-back-matching discrimination task in children." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4912404.

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Patel, Krishna, Michael Stevens, Suyash Adhikari, Greg Book, Muhammad Mubeen, and Godfrey Pearlson. "Acute cannabis-related alterations in an fMRI time estimation task." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.26.

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Introduction: Cannabis is widely popular recreational drug of choice in the US. The drug is known to alter the subjective experience of time. However, its effects on time estimation at a brain level are still largely unexplored. Our goal was to investigate acute effects of cannabis on an fMRI time estimation task by evaluating brain activation differences between cannabis and placebo conditions. We hypothesized that participants’ time estimation accuracy and corresponding BOLD response would be altered during the cannabis condition in a dose-related manner, compared to placebo. Methods: In this placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial, a total of N=44 participants had 3 dose visits, at each of which they received either high-dose cannabis (0.5 gm of ~12.5% THC flower), low dose cannabis (0.5 gm of ~5.7% flower) or 0.5 gm placebo, using paced inhalation from a volcano via vaporizer. Drug material was supplied by NIDA/RTI. For the current study we analyzed fMRI data from the first of placebo and high dose fMRI sessions throughout each dosing day in which participants performed a time estimation task. Participants were asked to respond with a mouse click as to which box of two boxes displayed for different intervals was displayed on the screen longer. Both sub-second and supra-second temporal intervals were tested, with a range of easy to hard discriminations. We used the Human Connectome Project processing pipeline to prepare fMRI data for GLM modeling of activation using the FSL FEAT toolbox. This model estimated the unique effect sub-second (short) and supra-second (long) interval discrimination, their average effect, and their difference. From these contrasts, the mean activation amplitudes within 387 brain parcels from the Human Connectome cortical atlas were extracted. Robust statistics in R software estimated a paired t test equivalent using the bootdpci function to assess the difference between placebo and the high dose drug conditions for each contrast. Results: Only premotor cortex survived False Discovery Rate corrections for searching all 387 parcels across the entire brain for the average of short and long temporal estimation conditions. Numerous other brain regions differed between placebo and high doses at p<.05 uncorrected for various task contrasts: Short duration stimuli: Premotor cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, medial temporal cortex, visual area, somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, paracentral and mid-cingular cortex, inferior frontal cortex. Long duration stimuli: Premotor cortex, visual areas, somatosensory motor cortex, paracentral and mid- cingulate cortex, the tempo-parieto-occipital junction, dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, posterior opercular cortex, medial temporal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, orbito-frontal cortex. Average of short and long duration stimuli: Premotor cortex, somatosensory and motor cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, visual are, medial temporal cortex, paracentral and midcingulate cortex, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, tempo-parieto-occipital junction, premotor cortex, somatosensory motor cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, medial temporal cortex, orbital and polar frontal cortex, hippocampus. Difference of short and long duration stimuli: Anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, ventral stream visual cortex, dorsal stream visual cortex, early visual cortex. Conclusions: The current study elicited multiple brain activation differences for the initial, acute high-dose cannabis vs. placebo condition, but only premotor cortex region survived as significant following multiple comparison correction for short and long duration stimuli contrast. A post hoc power analysis showed that adding 10 additional subjects to this sample would achieve significance with multiple comparison correction for medium effect sizes at alpha=0.05. Future studies on a larger sample can help identify such significant activation differences, and examining all doses and tasks would elucidate unfolding of effects longitudinally post-dose, and dose-dependence of effects.
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Liu, Anan, Shu Xiang, Wenhui Li, Weizhi Nie, and Yuting Su. "Cross-Domain 3D Model Retrieval via Visual Domain Adaption." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/115.

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Recent advances in 3D capturing devices and 3D modeling software have led to extensive and diverse 3D datasets, which usually have different distributions. Cross-domain 3D model retrieval is becoming an important but challenging task. However, existing works mainly focus on 3D model retrieval in a closed dataset, which seriously constrain their implementation for real applications. To address this problem, we propose a novel crossdomain 3D model retrieval method by visual domain adaptation. This method can inherit the advantage of deep learning to learn multi-view visual features in the data-driven manner for 3D model representation. Moreover, it can reduce the domain divergence by exploiting both domainshared and domain-specific features of different domains. Consequently, it can augment the discrimination of visual descriptors for cross-domain similarity measure. Extensive experiments on two popular datasets, under three designed cross-domain scenarios, demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing against the state-of-the-art methods. Especially, the proposed method can significantly outperform the most recent method for cross-domain 3D model retrieval and the champion of Shrec’16 Large-Scale 3D Shape Retrieval from ShapeNet Core55.
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Tamanaka, Fernanda G., Lucas P. Carlini, Tatiany M. Heideirich, Rita C. X. Balda, Marina C. M. Barros, Ruth Guinsburg, and Carlos E. Thomaz. "Neonatal pain scales study: A Kendall analysis between eye-tracking and literature facial features." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcas.2021.16068.

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Newborns (NBs) feel pain and the more premature they are, the more immature are their pain attenuation system. Facial expression recognition is a non-invasive method to identify and evaluate their feelings, since it provides relevant information about pain and the NB&apos;s emotional state, allowing discrimination with non-painful stimuli. In this context, this study proposes to use Kendall&apos;s correlation coefficient to quantitatively compare the relevance between the facial areas reported in literature to evaluate the NB&apos;s pain with the facial areas observed by health professionals and lay people, through eyetracking, when performing the visual pain assessment task on the NBs&apos; facial images. The results showed that the visual perception of adults does not agree with the facial areas proposed by the literature for pain analysis. In addition, the results suggest that health professionals present a distinct perception when compared to the perception presented by non-health professionals. We believe that such results might help to improve pain assessment carried out clinically.
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