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Journal articles on the topic 'Visual disabilities in children'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Ashmead, Daniel H., Robert S. Wall, Kiara A. Ebinger, Susan B. Eaton, Mary-M. Snook-Hill, and Xuefeng Yang. "Spatial Hearing in Children with Visual Disabilities." Perception 27, no. 1 (January 1998): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270105.

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A study is reported of the effect of early visual experience on the development of auditory space perception. The spatial hearing of thirty-five children with visual disabilities (twenty-two with congenital total blindness) was compared with that of eighteen sighted children and seventeen sighted adults. The tests provided a comprehensive assessment of spatial-hearing ability, including psychophysical estimates of spatial resolution in the horizontal, vertical, and distance dimensions, as well as measures of reaching and walking to the locations of sound sources. The spatial hearing of the children with visual disabilities was comparable to or some-what better than that of the sighted children and adults. This pattern held even when the group with visual disabilities was restricted to those children with congenital total blindness; in fact, some of those children had exceptionally good spatial hearing. These findings imply that the developmental calibration of human spatial hearing is not dependent on a history of visual experience. It seems likely that this calibration arises from the experience of changes in sound-localization cues arising from self-motion, such as turning the head or walking. As a practical matter, orientation and mobility instructors may reasonably assume that individuals with visual disabilities can use their hearing effectively in day-to-day travel situations.

2

Khandekar, Rajiv. "Visual disabilities in children including childhood blindness." Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 3 (2008): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.51988.

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3

Menacker, Sheryl J. "Visual function in Children with Developmental Disabilities." Pediatric Clinics of North America 40, no. 3 (June 1993): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38557-1.

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4

Knowlton, Marie. "Efficiency in Visual Scanning by Children with and without Visual Disabilities." Exceptional Children 63, no. 4 (June 1997): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299706300415.

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Visual scanning behavior and scanning efficiency of children between the ages of 3.5 and 10 years was studied. Twenty-two children with visual disabilities and 25 children without visual disabilities visually searched a line drawing and identified objects as the examiner recorded the objects named. A scan path was then constructed and scanning efficiency was computed by dividing the scan path length by the number of objects named. Significant differences were found between the two groups in the length of the scan path and number of objects reported, but no significant differences were found in scanning efficiency. There was no evidence that coordinated binocular eye movements are correlated with the ability to scan and identify objects.

5

Blasi, Francesco D. Di, Flaviana Elia, Serafino Buono, Ger J. A. Ramakers, and Santo F. Di Nuovo. "Relationships between Visual-Motor and Cognitive Abilities in Intellectual Disabilities." Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, no. 3 (June 2007): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.3.763-772.

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The neurobiological hypothesis supports the relevance of studying visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills in relation to cognitive abilities in intellectual disabilities because the defective intellectual functioning in intellectual disabilities is not restricted to higher cognitive functions but also to more basic functions. The sample was 102 children 6 to 16 years old and with different severities of intellectual disabilities. Children were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception, and data were also analysed according to the presence or absence of organic anomalies, which are etiologically relevant for mental disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities had deficits in perceptual organisation which correlated with the severity of intellectual disabilities. Higher correlations between the spatial subtests of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception and the Performance subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children suggested that the spatial skills and cognitive performance may have a similar basis in information processing. Need to differentiate protocols for rehabilitation and intervention for recovery of perceptual abilities from general programs of cognitive stimulations is suggested.

6

Kanari, Harikleia, and Vassilis Argyropoulos. "Museum Educational Programmes for Children with Visual Disabilities." International Journal of the Inclusive Museum 6, no. 3 (2014): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-2014/cgp/v06i03/58333.

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7

Magnan, Annie, and Jean Ecalle. "Audio-visual training in children with reading disabilities." Computers & Education 46, no. 4 (May 2006): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.08.008.

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8

Salkić, Adelisa, and Milena Nikolić. "PERCEPTIVE-MOTOR SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES." Research in Education and Rehabilitation 4, no. 1 (2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2744-1555.2021.4.1.27.

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Perceptual-motor skills (PMS) are very important for the functioning of children in general, including children with developmental disabilities, and enable a person to, based on the stimulus through movement it acts on the space that is surrounded. This paper aims to review the research of enriched knowledge of PMS of children with disabilities, which emphasized the importance of performing activities of everyday life and the acquisition of academic skills. The papers collected a search of electronic databases using the keywords: PMS, children with disabilities, visual perception, gross and fine motor skills, visual-motor coordination, visual-motor integration. Criteria for the selection of papers have been published in full and in the last 10 years. A total of 12 works met the criteria. The results of the research review showed that children with disabilities have a limitation in PMS, and showed that PMS differ separately from the type and degree of difficulty, but differences also exist within the same category of children with disabilities. Implementation of education and rehabilitation programs improves PMS. The results showed that there is a correlation between PMS and activities of everyday life and a correlation between visual perceptions and the acquisition of reading skills. It is important to point out that PMS can be practiced and it is important to implement incentive programs for children with disabilities, but also children at risk for some difficulty, to prevent possible difficulties that children may have in performing daily life activities and in acquiring academic skills. The results of the presented research should be considered concerning the limitations of the presented research, but also to the limitations of this research. Keywords: visual-motor integration, fine and gross motor skills, developmental difficulties

9

Holhoș, Larisa Bianca, Mihaela Cristiana Coroi, and Liviu Lazăr. "Observations on Refractive Status and Risk Factors for Visual Impairment in Children with Disabilities." Medicina 57, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050403.

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Vision integrates all the senses and plays a fundamental role in the acquisition of different skills and the general development of a child. Recently, refractive errors and visual impairment have become serious health problems among children. Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of refractive errors and visual impairment in children with disabilities. Moreover, this study aimed to explore the risk factors for visual impairment in children with respect to vitamin D levels, parental smoking, and the use of spectacles. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 161 children aged 5–16 years old, divided into two groups: a group of 80 children with disabilities and a control group consisting of 81 clinically healthy children. All the children underwent refraction measurements, visual acuity testing, and plasmatic vitamin D level dosing, measured in ng/mL. Results: Refractive errors and visual impairment were found to have a higher prevalence in the group of children with disabilities than in the control group. Moreover, the plasma level of vitamin D was lower in the group of children with special health needs. Conclusions: Given the present results, children with disabilities should undergo special eye examinations as soon as possible to ensure the quality of their socio-academic lives.

10

Swanson, H. Lee, and Olga Jerman. "Math Disabilities: A Selective Meta-Analysis of the Literature." Review of Educational Research 76, no. 2 (June 2006): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00346543076002249.

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This article synthesizes published literature comparing the cognitive functioning of children who have math disabilities (MD) with that of (a) average-achieving children; (b) children who have reading disabilities (RD); and (c) children who have comorbid disabilities (MD+RD). Average achievers outperformed children with MD on measures of verbal problem solving, naming speed, verbal working memory (WM), visual-spatial WM, and long-term memory (LTM). Children with MD outperformed comorbid children on measures of literacy, visual-spatial problem solving, LTM, short-term memory (STM) for words, and verbal WM. Children with MD could be differentiated from children with RD only on naming speed and visual-spatial WM. Differences in cognitive functioning between children with MD and average achievers were related primarily to verbal WM when the effects of all other variables (e.g., age, IQ, and other domain categories) were partialed out.

11

Morse, M. T. "Cortical Visual Impairment in Young Children with Multiple Disabilities." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 84, no. 5 (May 1990): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9008400501.

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Teachers of visually handicapped children are seeing an increased frequency in referrals of young, multiply handicapped children with cortical visual impairment. The use of the residual visual capacity in these children is related to their ability to neurologically process and understand environmental sensory information. The complex interaction of the visual process, central nervous system functioning, and environmental stimuli has major implications for effective educational planning.

12

Martać, Valentina, Vesna Vučinić, Marija Anđelković, and Zorica Vladisavljević. "Characteristics of interaction between parents and children with visual impairment at preschool age." Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija 19, no. 4 (2020): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/specedreh19-29874.

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Parenting is a dynamic process infuenced by the behavior of both children and parents. Behavior of children with visual impairment is characterized by the absence of language which involves smiling and looking, calming down when focusing on voice, unusual posture, stereotyped behavior, blank face, which can all interfere with parentchild interaction. Objective. The aim of this paper was to determine the characteristics of interaction between mothers and children with visual impairment and multiple disabilities. Methods. The research included a total of thirteen mother-child pairs. Five children had a visual impairment, while eight had both a visual impairment and another comorbid condition. The children were between 10 and 68 months of age (M = 31.62, SD = 19.08). The characteristics of interaction between mothers and children with visual impairment and multiple disabilities were assessed by analyzing videos, while Parenting Interactions with Children - Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes - PICCOLO was used to record the observed behaviors. Results. Interaction between parents and children with visual impairment and multiple disabilities was satisfactory in three domains: Affection, Responsiveness, and Encouragement. Conclusion. The biggest problem for parents was fnding a way to teach their child some activities or to provide information about the environment.

13

Kalaiselvi, Ganapathy, Arthur Dinukumar, Mouttapa Fredrick, and Kannusamy Veena. "Burden of visual disability in children with other disabilities." TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research 57, no. 1 (2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_115_18.

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14

Snow, J. "Visual memory for children and adolescents with learning disabilities." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 13, no. 1 (February 1998): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6177(98)90513-3.

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15

Snow, J. H., and D. Poole. "Visual memory for children and adolescents with learning disabilities." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 13, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/13.1.83.

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16

Bari, Mohd Arshad, Hussein Ali Hasan Alghazal, Haq Nawaz Mir, and Muzaffar Husain. "Somatotype Characteristics of School Going Children with Visual Disabilities." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 11 (2019): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03524.1.

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17

Tūbele, Sarmīte. "Correlations between Reading Disabilities and Learning Disabilities." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 9, 2015): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2012vol2.134.

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The article is devoted to reveal correlations between reading disabilities and learning disabilities. These problems need to be explained and teachers need to have reasonable solutions. Number of school-children with learning disabilities is increasing and teacher is not able to find the best and most precise ways of diagnostics and treatment/intervention. Causes of learning disabilities are different: brain damage or distorted functioning of it; auditory or visual perception and operating problems; language acquisition or processing problems etc. Symptoms are mostly noticed in the main areas – reading, writing and mathematics. Reading disabilities are one of the most obvious and serious problems which are to be noticed and taken into account in teacher’s actions. It is necessary to diminish dropouts and to promote success of school-children. Main ideas of dyslexia are mentioned the same as findings in learning disabilities. Early warning signs of learning disabilities are mentioned and some suggestions for intervention are stated in this article.

18

Brajčić, Marija, and Esmeralda Sunko. "Interaction between Children with Developmental Disabilities and Artwork." Revija za elementarno izobraževanje 13, no. 3 (2020): 261–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rei.13.3.261-288.2020.

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The study was conducted among students with developmental disabilities at three institutions in Split, Croatia. A total of 32 students a ged f rom 1 7 t o 21 participated in the study. A qualitative study employing the method of aesthetic transfer was conducted, aiming to encourage students to react, and to recognize differences between their reactions. The students communicated with the artworks of the modern painter Joan Miró. The research has shown that observing artworks as part of visual arts activity in institutions involving students with developmental disabilities fulfills its purpose, because a structured method for observing artwork served to self-activate students to assess their own competences and competences in visual arts expression.

19

Komova, N. S., and V. V. Sokolov. "The Choice of a Profession by Blind Senior Students and their Relevance to the Labor Market." Psychological-Educational Studies 9, no. 4 (2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2017090402.

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This article presents results of the research on the professional orientation and employment of blind graduates of schools in six regions of the Russian Federation specialising in teaching children with visual impairments. Also analysis related to the situation with the employment of people with visual disabilities are given. This analysis are based on information from Russian Association Of The Blind. Reasons of low rates of the employment of young people with disabilities are shown. The dependence of the awareness of the choice of the profession by the blind during the period of school education on specifics of the organisation of vocational guidance work for children with visual impairments, as well as on the level of maturity of the personality and personal qualities of students is presented. The ways of overcoming the reasons negatively affecting the results of career guidance work and the employment of graduates of special schools are indicated. Examples of effective career guidance work and successful employment of young people with visual deprivation are given. The article is Amed at researchers involved in education of children with visual disabilities, organisers of career guidance work, tiflopedagogs and parents who have blind children.

20

Pilling, Rachel F., Louise Outhwaite, and Alison Bruce. "Assessing visual function in children with complex disabilities: the Bradford visual function box." British Journal of Ophthalmology 100, no. 8 (December 1, 2015): 1118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307558.

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21

Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Visual motor integration in children with and without reading disability." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (October 20, 2020): 6486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3466.

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Where there are few occupational therapists in regular practice, and an educational psychologist and special educators conducted the majority of the assessment procedure and evaluation of children with visual-motor integration (VMI). They consider assessing children with VMI as similar to the assessment of children with research instruments, and the availability of the trained occupational therapist was limited. VMI is generally expressed as the ability of the child to integrate visual perception input and to coordinate it with limb movements for the execution of motor activities in sequential order. A child with impaired VMI skills fails to execute motor- based activity. We evaluated the visual-motor integration (VMI) in children with and without reading disabilities (RDs) in the primary schools of Mudichur. Full Range Test of Visual-Motor Integration (FRTVMI) was used to evaluate the visual-motor integration among children. A total of 20 children recruited from primary schools in Mudichur. Every parent of the children gave the willingness to participate in the study; 10 children were already diagnosed as having RDs, whereas the remaining 10 children were age-matched typically developing children. The results indicated that children with reading disability scored poor on the FRTVMI than the typically developing age-matched peer-group children. The results support the impairment in visual-motor integration is strongly related to learning disabilities, and the therapist should educate teachers of primary schools to refer children with learning disabilities. However, there is a need for strong assessment among children’s to quantify their skills in reading and writing, and it is vital to diagnose children in the early years to avoid academic failures. Teachers were in need to be educated to refer children are who are suspected of being at risk for RDs in school settings.

22

Rughani, Sonal, and Lisa Donaldson. "Eye care for children with learning disabilities 2: Assessment of vision and visual needs." Optician 2020, no. 8 (August 2020): 8303–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2020.8.8303.

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In the second in our series discussing the vision of children with learning disabilities, Sonal Rughani and Lisa Donaldson offer practical advice and strategies on how to successfully engage children with learning disabilities to assess their eye health and vision needs (C76171, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians)

23

Kubo, Manako, Haruyo Tamatani, Misuzu Beppu, Masako Matsuo, and Hiroshi Takahashi. "Low Vision Care in Kitakyushu Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities-Needs of Children/adults with Visual Disabilities-." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 37 (2008): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.37.171.

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24

Nguyen Thi Cam, Huong, Khanh Nguyen Cong, Long Phan Thanh, Thao Do Thi, and Hop Bui The. "Air pollution and its impact on children with disabilities: Teachers' awareness and influencing factors." Journal of Science Educational Science 66, no. 4AB (October 2021): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2021-0068.

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This study aims to find out teachers’ awareness of air pollution, how to response to it, how air pollution impact on children with disabilities and teachers’ attitudes on this issue through a survey of 3,221 teachers who are teaching in inclusive, integrated and special enviroment in 6 provinces and cities in different regions in Vietnam. The results showed that most of the teachers have the correct awareness about air pollution, responding methods with air pollution, and are aware of the negative impacts of air pollution on children with disabilities and children without disabilities, they felt worried and concerned more about this issue. According to teachers, children with disabilities suffer more negative impacts than children without disabilities. Children with chronic diseases are most affected by air pollution, followed by children with motor disabilities, then children with neurocognitive disorders, and finally, children with hearing impairment, visual impairment and children with language disability. Most of teachers were actively teaching children with disabilities deal with air pollution impact. Teachers' awareness and attitudes about air pollution and its impact on children with disabilities depend on age, working area and training status. There is a need for more research to clarify the impact of air pollution on the education of children with disabilities and education on responding skills for children with disabilities in the future.

25

Druzhinina, Lilia A., Larisa B. Osipova, Vitaly S. Tsilitsky, Lyubov M. Lapshina, Victoria S. Vasilieva, and Maria S. Korobintseva. "Correctional orientation of aesthetic education of children preschool age with disabilities." Perspectives of Science and Education 53, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 430–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.5.30.

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Introduction. The state policy in relation to children with disabilities (hereinafter referred to as children with disabilities) is aimed at updating the content of correctional and pedagogical assistance, one of the leading tasks of which is aesthetic development and upbringing. The specificity of the defect in children with disabilities is expressed in the difficulties of the formation of aesthetic culture and aesthetic perception of the world around them, which is one of the factors that negatively affect personality development, manifested in the inability to sociocultural adaptation and requires new approaches to solving this problem in the theory and practice of correctional pedagogy. Aim of the study: determination of the correctional orientation of aesthetic education of children with disabilities in the context of the basic component of aesthetics - the aesthetics of everyday life. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, the formation of knowledge about beauty, etiquette when receiving guests, eating meals was studied; the ability to evaluate serving and table behavior from the point of view of aesthetics; the ability to independently set the table, behave in accordance with the requirements of etiquette. The study involved 348 preschool children with visual impairments of varying severity (EG – 1, 116 people) and mental retardation (EG – 2, 122 people), with normal psychophysical development (EG – 3, 110 people). Results. As a result of the study, differences were established in the formation of the mechanism of aesthetic development in children of experimental EG-1 – CG (temp = -2.977; p≤0.003) EG-2 – CG (temp = -2.23; p≤0.027) in comparison with control group (CG). As a result, the features of the components of aesthetic development in children with mental retardation (PD) and children with visual impairments were revealed. So the worst formed is the cognitive component in children with CRD, 11%, in comparison with children with visual impairments (28%). The estimated component in children with visual impairments corresponds to 17% and 14% in children with CRD. The behavioral component is worse formed in children with visual impairments (14%); in children with mental retardation, the indicator of formation corresponds to 21%. Conclusions. The data obtained made it possible to prove the advisability of choosing the aesthetics of everyday life as the fundamental social competence necessary for the successful development of a child with disabilities and his entry into society. The peculiarities of the aesthetic development of children with mental retardation and visual impairment revealed in the course of the study became the leading factor for determining the corrective orientation of aesthetic education, which involves solving special (correctional) tasks in accordance with various components of the mechanism of aesthetic development of a child with disabilities (in the context of everyday aesthetics).

26

Burtner, Patricia A., Shannon Geisler Ortega, Cecilia Gonzales Morris, Keri Scott, and Clifford Quails. "Discriminative Validity of the Motor-Free Visual Perceptual Test Revised in Children with and without Learning Disabilities." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 22, no. 4 (October 2002): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944920202200405.

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Children who encounter difficulties in the major childhood occupation of academic learning are often identified as having learning disabilities. The Motor-Free Test of Visual Perception Revised (MVPT-R) is a standardized assessment frequently used by occupational therapists to measure a child's visual perceptual skills that contribute to successful learning. Although the MVPT-R has been revised with additional normative data and test items, no validity studies using different populations have been reported. The present study investigated the ability of the MVPT-R to differentiate between children with learning disabilities and matched control children. Two groups of 38 children (7–10 years of age) were compared on their MVPT-R scores. Results of t-test analyses showed children with learning disabilities: 1) scored significantly lower on MVPT-R raw (p = 0.01), perceptual quotient (p = 0.005), and perceptual age (p = 0.02) scores, and 2) had a significantly greater percentage of children scoring below criterion cutoff than control children.

27

Paclawskyj, Theodosia R., and Timothy R. Vollmer. "REINFORCER ASSESSMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 28, no. 2 (June 1995): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1995.28-219.

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28

Leyser, Yona, Antoinette Heinze, and Gaylen Kapperman. "Stress and Adaptation in Families of Children with Visual Disabilities." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 77, no. 4 (April 1996): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.905.

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Little research is available on families of children with visual impairments. The authors examined stress and coping in a sample of 130 families (experimental group) of visually impaired children who responded to a parent questionnaire and the Family Environment Scale (FES). A control group of 78 parents responded to FES only. Findings revealed that the experimental group experienced various stressors such as future concerns, financial concerns, concerns about services, and concerns about the social acceptance of the child. These families were less involved in intellectual and cultural activities and used less structure and organization than did the controls. In coping, many families used various formal and informal sources of support as well as personal coping strategies. Implications for practitioners and social service providers are discussed.

29

Levitsky, V. E. "Formation of visual perception in preschool children with intellectual disabilities." Actual problems of the correctional education (pedagogical sciences), no. 17 (May 11, 2021): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2413-2578.2021-17.186-195.

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30

Hyvärinen, Lea. "Assessment of Visual Processing Disorders in Children with Other Disabilities." Neuro-Ophthalmology 33, no. 3 (January 2009): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01658100902842658.

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31

Johnson, Kenalea, Nora Griffin-Shirley, and Alan J. Koenig. "Active Learning for Children with Visual Impairments and Additional Disabilities." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 94, no. 9 (September 2000): 584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0009400905.

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This article describes a survey of the participants at two workshops presented by Lilli Nielsen to determine their use of Nielsen's Little Room. The survey findings are discussed in relation to Nielsen's philosophy and the implementation of active learning using Nielsen's equipment.

32

Cirık, Mevlut, Ugur Sak, Deniz Arslan, Engin Karaduman, and Ercan Opengin. "ASIS Cognitive Profiles of Children with Learning Disabilities." Anales de Psicología 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.466371.

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Intelligence scales are widely used for cognitive profile analyses in the diagnosis of learning disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the cognitive profiles of children with learning disabilities on a new test of intelligence, the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale. The intelligence test was administered to 89 children diagnosed with general learning disabilities. A matched control group (N = 92) was randomly selected from the norm sample. Data analyses included latent profile analyses and comparisons of scores across groups and within-group comparisons. The findings showed that the mean general intelligence and means of the verbal and visual ability of children with learning disabilities were in the average range but closer to the lower boundary. The mean of working memory was slightly below the average range and significantly lower than the mean of the matched control group. Latent profile analyses showed three distinct profiles: the zigzag profile, wavy profile, and waterfall profile. The only weakness shared by the three profiles is visual sequential processing memory. The results imply that weak sequential processing memory may contribute to learning disabilities. Las escalas de inteligencia se utilizan ampliamente para el análisis de perfiles cognitivos en el diagnóstico de problemas de aprendizaje. El propósito de este estudio fue explorar los perfiles cognitivos de los niños con problemas de aprendizaje en una nueva prueba de inteligencia, la Escala de Inteligencia Anadolu-Sak. La prueba de inteligencia se administró a 89 niños diagnosticados con discapacidades generales de aprendizaje. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente un grupo de control emparejado (N = 92) de la muestra estándar. Los análisis de datos incluyeron análisis de perfil latente y comparaciones de puntuaciones entre grupos y comparaciones dentro de los grupos. Los hallazgos mostraron que la inteligencia general media y los medios de la capacidad verbal y visual de los niños con problemas de aprendizaje estaban en el rango promedio pero más cerca del límite inferior. La media de la memoria de trabajo estaba ligeramente por debajo del rango medio y significativamente más baja que la media del grupo de control emparejado. Los análisis de perfil latente mostraron tres perfiles distintos: el perfil en zigzag, el perfil ondulado y el perfil en cascada. La única debilidad compartida por los tres perfiles es la memoria de procesamiento secuencial visual. Los resultados implican que la memoria de procesamiento secuencial débil puede contribuir a las discapacidades de aprendizaje.

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Carsone, Blair, Katherine Green, William Torrence, and Bridgett Henry. "Systematic Review of Visual Motor Integration in Children with Developmental Disabilities." Occupational Therapy International 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1801196.

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Original research articles regarding visual motor integration skills in children with developmental disabilities and the impact of occupational therapy were identified, appraised, and synthesized. Twenty-four articles were chosen for this review. Themes were noted during the critique of articles. Three themes emerged: “age,” “gender,” and “diagnosis.” Regarding the impact on visual motor integration, there was strong evidence for age, moderate evidence for gender, and strong evidence for diagnosis. Future research investigating visual motor integration in children should control for age and diagnosis.

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Rooks-Ellis, Deborah L. "Inquiry-Based Education for Students with Visual Impairment." ISRN Education 2014 (March 4, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/361685.

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The purpose of the study presented here was to identify and synthesize studies of evidence-based practices for working with students with visual impairment in the science classroom. Expanding a comprehensive literature search conducted in 1992, 10 empirical reports were found and reviewed. A synthesis of the results showed strong support for inquiry-oriented approaches to science instruction for children with disabilities. Evidence also was found that knowledge of science pedagogy for children with disabilities is continuing to increase; however, the literature to support evidence-based methodology for students with visual impairment in the science classroom is sparse. This critical review is a call for research that provides support for inquiry approaches in science education for the learner with a visual impairment.

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Ismailova, Indira Sedredinovna, and Viktoriya Viktorovna Ponomareva. "Psychological foundations of the development of coherent speech in children with simultaneous visual and mental disabilities." Психология и Психотехника, no. 2 (February 2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2021.2.35344.

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This article describes the psychological foundations of conducting a formative experiment on the development of coherent speech in children with simultaneous visual and mental pathologies, or in other words, children with complex sensory-mental disorders. The goal of this work is to determine the stages of correctional work of the formative experiment on the development of coherent speech in children with complex visual and mental disabilities. The subject of this research is the process of psychological-pedagogical impact reflected in the process of correctional work on the development of coherent speech among primary school students with visual and mental disabilities. The object of this research is the primary school students of 3rd and 4th grade with complex visual and mental disabilities of various severity in a boarding school for children with visual impairments. The scientific novelty of this research consists in optimization of activity of a pedagogue specializing in the development different types of coherent speech – dialogues, conversations and stories based on the picture among primary school students with sensory-mental disorders, which is of particular importance for school practice as it indicates the techniques for improving the quality of their speech and their social adaptation in the society. The author also underlines the importance of such work with children for fulfilling their personal potential in the context of the requirements of the principle of social justice. Accuracy of acquired results is defined by substantiation of the initial theoretical and methodological positions; comprehensive application of theoretical and empirical methods adequate to the object,  subject, goals and objectives of the research, long-term practical activity of the author dedicated to the development of coherent oral speech in primary schools students n with visual and mental disabilities.

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Ahn, Si-nae. "Combined Effects of Virtual Reality and Computer Game-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Development of Visual-Motor Integration in Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study." Occupational Therapy International 2021 (July 5, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6696779.

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Purpose. Visual-motor integration is a good indicator of a child’s overall developmental and functional level. This study investigated the combined effects of virtual reality (VR) and computer game-based cognitive therapy on the development of visual-motor integration in children with intellectual disabilities. Methods. The study used a single-group pre-post study design and 13 children with intellectual disabilities who were recruited from a community rehabilitation center participated in the study. We used the Wii VR video game and the CoTras computer game to deliver cognitive therapy over 12 sessions. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) was used to evaluate motor function related to visual-motor integration to identify changes in function, and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (DTVP-2) was used to assess changes in visual perception function associated with visual-motor integration. Results. The VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy has shown significant difference in total standard score of BOT-2 associated with visual-motor integration representing improved motor function ( p < 0.01 ). Comparison of the DTVP-2 scores showed the significant difference in visual-motor integration of spatial relation and visual-motor speed ( p < 0.05 ), motor-reduced visual perception ( p < 0.01 ), and general visual perception ( p < 0.01 ). Conclusions. Results of this study provide useful evidence supporting the possibility of combined VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy for children with intellectual disabilities.

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Kaminer, Ruth K., and Eugene McMahon. "Blindness and Visual Impairment." Pediatrics In Review 16, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.16.2.77.

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The identification and treatment of children who have significant visual impairments are critical to their health and future well-being. "Legal blindness" occurs if a patient has central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with corrective glasses or a visual field that is no greater than 20 degrees in the better eye. To determine eligibility for special education services, states must adopt a definition of visual impairment consistent with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). For educational purposes, this includes students who have a visual disability that, even with correction, affects their educational performance adversely. The term includes both partially seeing and blind children.

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Khandekar, Rajiv, Urmi Gogri, and Salah Al Harby. "Visual function of children with visual and other disabilities in Oman: A case series." Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 8, no. 2 (2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-620x.159253.

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Khandekar, Rajiv, Urmi Gogri, and Salah Al Harby. "Visual function of children with visual and other disabilities in Oman: A case series." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 64, no. 12 (2016): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.198845.

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Tröster, Heinrich. "Sources of Stress in Mothers of Young Children with Visual Impairments." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 95, no. 10 (October 2001): 623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0109501005.

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This study found that mothers of children with visual impairments aged 8–87 months experienced more stress than did mothers of children with no disability, particularly in areas involving the children's behavior and when the children had multiple disabilities. The major resource for the families was the availability of social support.

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Pilling, Rachel Fiona, and Suzanne Mary Little. "Evaluation of the role of the colour tent in vision stimulation for children with complex disabilities and cerebral visual impairment: A feasibility study." British Journal of Visual Impairment 38, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619619871980.

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Children with profound and multiple disabilities commonly have their visual impairment overlooked when seeking to meet their complex health needs. The act of surrounding a child with little or no apparent visual function by a monochromatic translucent tent can serve to ‘switch on’ a child’s visual system. The aim of the project was to investigate the role of using colour tents to bring about attentional responses in children with complex disabilities including cerebral visual impairment. The evaluation comprises three phases, repeated on four occasions over the space of 4 weeks. The child’s visual attention prior to entering the tent and during the 5 minutes after leaving the tent was recorded. Moreover, the child’s responses and behaviours while in the tent were recorded. Nine children participated in the evaluation, mean age 6 years (range: 5–9 years). All children showed a change in visual behaviour on at least one occasion while in the colour tent. Most children required more than one session before a change in visual behaviour was noted. Only two children showed increase in visual awareness after any session, and there was no sustained effect demonstrated. This feasibility study has demonstrated that a short series of sessions in a colour tent is insufficient to demonstrate the effectiveness of a colour tent in stimulating visual awareness in children with complex needs. The methodology was acceptable to parents and teachers and lessons have been learned which will inform future studies.

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Breau, Lynn M., G. Allen Finley, Patrick J. McGrath, and Carol S. Camfield. "Validation of the Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist–Postoperative Version." Anesthesiology 96, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200203000-00004.

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Background This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist-Postoperative Version (NCCPC-PV) when used with children with severe intellectual disabilities. Methods The caregivers of 24 children with severe intellectual disabilities (aged 3-19 yr) took part. Each child was observed by one of their caregivers and one of the researchers for 10 min before and after surgery. They independently completed the NCCPC-PV and made a visual analog scale rating of the child's pain intensity for those times. A nurse also completed a visual analog scale for the same observations. Results The NCCPC-PV was internally reliable (Cronbach alpha = 0.91) and showed good interrater reliability. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated NCCPC-PV total and subscale scores were significantly higher after surgery and did not differ by observer. Postoperative NCCPC-PV scores correlated with visual analog scale ratings provided by caregivers and researchers, but not with those of nurses. A score of 11 on the NCCPC-PV, by caregivers, provided 0.88 sensitivity and 0.81 specificity for classifying children with moderate to severe pain. Conclusions The NCCPC-PV displayed good psychometric properties when used for the postoperative pain of children with severe intellectual disabilities and has the potential to be useful in a clinical setting. The results suggest familiarity with an individual child with intellectual disabilities is not necessary for pain assessment.

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Lennox, Carolyn, and Linda S. Siegel. "Visual and phonological spelling errors in subtypes of children with learning disabilities." Applied Psycholinguistics 14, no. 4 (October 1993): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400010705.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigated the hypothesis that children with a reading disability understand and use sound-spelling correspondence rules less frequently in spelling than children with other learning disabilities and normally achieving children. To test this hypothesis, spelling errors of children between the ages of 6 and 16 with a reading disability (RD), an arithmetic disability (AD), and normally achieving children (NA) were examined. Two groups of children with an arithmetic disability were included: those with good spelling skills (AD-good), and those with poor spelling skills (AD-poor). The accuracy of the spelling errors according to sound-spelling correspondence rules (phonological accuracy) of the children was determined using both a constrained system (inclusion of position cues) and an unconstrained system (in which positional cues were irrelevant). The visual similarity of the error to the target word was also determined. The RD group at all ages produced significantly fewer phonologically accurate misspellings than the children with normal achievement scores, whether the constrained or the unconstrained scoring system was used. The AD-poor spellers and the RD group produced significantly fewer phonologically constrained, accurate misspellings than the NA group. Using the unconstrained measure, the AD-poor spellers at the youngest age level displayed as much difficulty using rudimentary sound-symbol conversion rules as the RD group, while at the older age levels, they did as well as the NA group. AD-good spellers performed as well as the NA group on both measures at all age levels. Children who were good readers and spellers (Good RS) were compared with children who were poor readers and spellers (Poor RS) and with children who were good readers and poor spellers (Mixed RS). Mixed RS produced significantly more phonologically and visually accurate misspellings than Poor RS. In summary, subtypes of learning-disabled children use spelling strategies that are significantly different from each other. RD children have the most difficulty acquiring the knowledge of soundspelling correspondence rules that are necessary for English spelling skills. The performance of AD children depends on the complexity of the scoring system, age, and spelling ability. Those students whose knowledge of sound-spelling correspondence rules is sufficiently well developed for reading but not for spelling (good readers/poor spellers) develop their phonetic skills more slowly than the good readers/good spellers. The understanding and use of phonological rules varies according to the subtype of learning disability, with children with a reading disability performing the most poorly at all age levels.

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Kelley, P., R. Davidson, and M. J. Sanspree. "Vision and Orientation and Mobility Consultation for Children with Severe Multiple Disabilities." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 87, no. 10 (December 1993): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9308701004.

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Vision consultants who work with professionals and parents of children with severe multiple impairments perform a professional role that is changing and challenging. Educational planning is unique, since many children with different levels of disabilities must be served in a variety of individual settings. This article discusses the role of orientation and mobility specialists and teacher-consultants for children who have visual impairments and severe multiple disabilities. Examples of programming contributions of both types of vision consultant are given.

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Babajić, Mirela, Emira Švraka, and Dijana Avdić. "Frequency of joined disabilities of children with cerebral palsy in Tuzla canton." Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 15, 2013): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2013.111.

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Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) connotes a group of non-progressive, but often variable symptoms of motor impairment of movement and posture, as well as other impairments which are a consequenceof anomalies or brain impairment in different phases of its development. CP is a pathological condition characterised in the fi rst place by motor function impairment to which other disorders such as: visual andhearing impairment, intellectual defi cit, emotional problems, behaviour disorder, speech disorder, epileptic seizure and similar can join. The aim of this study is to determine frequency of joined disabilities ofchildren with cerebral palsy in Tuzla Canton.Methods: The research covers a total sample of 48 examinees, chronological age from 2-19 years, in Tuzla Canton. Research instrument was a Structural Questionnaire for the parents of children and adolescentswith cerebral palsy. Research data were processed by nonparametric statistics method. Basic statistical parameters of frequency and percentages were calculated, and tabular presentation was made.Results: After classification of examinees as per frequency of joined disabilities was done, work results have shown that speech impairment occurred with 35.4 % of children, visual impairment 33.3 %, epilepsy29.3 %, whereas hearing impairment occurred with 2 % of children.Conclusion: In research of frequency of joined disabilities of children with cerebral palsy in Tuzla Canton, most expressed are speech and visual disorders with children, then epilepsy, whereas a small percentageof children are with hearing disorder.

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Silver, Cheryl H., Jeremiah Ring, H. Deborah Pennett, and Jeffrey L. Black. "Verbal and Visual Short-Term Memory in Children with Arithmetic Disabilities." Developmental Neuropsychology 32, no. 3 (October 18, 2007): 847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565640701539717.

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Morrison, Cecily, Nicolas Villar, Anja Thieme, Zahra Ashktorab, Eloise Taysom, Oscar Salandin, Daniel Cletheroe, et al. "Torino: A Tangible Programming Language Inclusive of Children with Visual Disabilities." Human–Computer Interaction 35, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 191–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2018.1512413.

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Ayyıldız, Emine, Nur Akçin, and Yıldız Güven. "Development of Preverbal Communication Skills Scale for Children with Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3718.

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Communication is crucial for any human being and the children with disabilities are no exception. Due to the number and combination of their disabilities and/or conditions, children with multiple disabilities and visual impairment (MDVI) have especially limitations of the ability to communicate the meaningful and functional way with their environment. In order to improve the communication skills of children with MDVI, it is very important to identify unique, individual communication behaviors of these children. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable developmental assessment tool to evaluate preverbal communication skills of Turkish children with MDVI.Sequential explanatory mixed methods were used in the study. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the mothers of 34 children suffering from MDVI to explore the preverbal communication behaviors of the children based on the daily observances of their mothers’ with a descriptive analysis being performed on the data. From the findings of the interviews and the literature review, Preverbal Communication Skills Scale for Children with Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment (PCSS-MDVI) and the scoring guide were developed. During the quantitative phase, 65 mothers of children with MDVI were given this scale in order to determine the validity and reliability of the scale. For the reliability analysis, 34 mothers of typically developing (TD) children age between 1 to 24 months old also were given the scale.The findings of the qualitative phase indicated that children with MDVI were communicating mostly with preverbal behaviors and the analysis on data from the quantitative phase with respect to item analysis, reliability and validity revealed that the scale is valid and reliable. The scale has 17 items and three subscales, which are; regulating behaviors, social interaction and joint attention. The majority of children with MDVI cannot communicate verbally and there is lack of studies and assessment tools for the purpose of effectively evaluate these children’s preverbal communicative behaviors in our country. Based on the analysis, the PCSS-MDVI has been demonstrated good preliminary psychometric properties and it can be used as an instrument to evaluate preverbal communication behaviors of children with MDVI. It is the preliminary study of the development of the scale. Thus, validation of the scale should be repeated with more participants and the data of the video observations of preverbal communication behaviors of children with MDVI should be added to the analysis.

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O'Shaughnessy, Tam E., and H. Lee Swanson. "Do Immediate Memory Deficits in Students with Learning Disabilities in Reading Reflect a Developmental Lag or Deficit?: A Selective Meta-Analysis of the Literature." Learning Disability Quarterly 21, no. 2 (May 1998): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511341.

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The purpose of the present study was to synthesize research that directly compares children with and without learning disabilities in reading on immediate memory performance. Forty-one studies were included in the synthesis, which involved 161 effect sizes. The overall mean effect size estimate in favor of children without learning disabilities in reading was -.61 ( SD=.87). Effect size estimates were submitted to a descriptive and a weighted least-square regression analysis. Results from the full regression model indicated that children with learning disabilities were distinctly disadvantaged compared to average readers when memory manipulations required the naming of visual information and task conditions involved serial recall. Age, IQ, and reading scores were not significant predictors of effect size estimates. Most importantly, nonstrategic (type of task and materials) rather than strategic factors best predicted effect size estimates. The results also indicated that memory difficulties of readers with learning disabilities persisted across age, suggesting that a deficit model best captures the performance of children with learning disabilities. Results are discussed in relation to current developmental models of learning disabilities.

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Vanyaev, Vladimir Alexandrovich. "Pedagogical conditions of correctional and developmental education of children with mental retardation of puberty by means of visual arts as an element of socialization." KANT 38, no. 1 (March 2021): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-38.42.

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In this paper, the author addresses the problem of socialisation of children with a history of disabilities and mental retardation by means of visual arts. It is important to look at the very sphere of life of these categories of children. As a rule, these children, for the most part, live in dysfunctional families, which makes it almost impossible to provide them with a form of socialization. This article focuses on the extent to which and how a programme of socialisation of these children can be achieved through the medium of visual arts. At the moment there are works of modern pedagogues who have devoted their scientific researches to this problem, but there are few teachers-artists who deal with this problem. In this article the author devotes his creative attention to this issue and reflects on what means of fine arts and visual literacy can develop and guide in the right direction the socialization of children and young people with disabilities by means of fine arts. A number of scientific works devoted to this problem are seriously reviewed. The author is actively trying to draw the attention of the teaching community to the problem of prevailing social conditions, to reach an educational and cognitive level and, as a consequence, to a better product of the set task of socialization of children with special needs and disabilities in the learning process by means of subject disciplines: drawing, painting, composition, printmaking, etc.