Journal articles on the topic 'Visual content modelling'
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Setyanto, Arief, and John Woods. "Hierarchical Visual Content Modelling and Query based on Trees." ELCVIA Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis 15, no. 2 (November 10, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/elcvia.952.
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Bodrogi, Peter, Xue Guo, and Tran Quoc Khanh. "Brightness In The Photopic Range: Psychophysical Modelling With Blue-sensitive Retinal Signals." Light & Engineering, no. 05-2020 (October 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-018.
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The brightness perception of a large (41°) uniform visual field was investigated in a visual psychophysical experiment. Subjects assessed the brightness of 20 light source spectra of different chromaticities at two luminance levels, Lv=267.6 cd/m2 and Lv=24.8 cd/m2. The resulting mean subjective brightness scale values were modelled by a combination of the signals of retinal mechanisms: S-cones, rods, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and the difference of the L-cone signal and the M-cone signal. A new quantity, “relative spectral blue content”, was also considered for modelling. This quantity was defined as “the spectral radiance of the light stimulus integrated with the range (380–520) nm, relative to luminance”. The “relative spectral blue content” model could describe the subjective brightness perception of the observers with reasonable accuracy.
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Tchertov, Leonid. "On spatial modelling." Sign Systems Studies 43, no. 1 (June 10, 2015): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2015.43.1.04.
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Spatial modelling concerns both the case when spatial structures have a modelling function and the case when such structures become modelled objects. In the article, spatial models are considered as the means of human activity in both external and internal aspects. External spatial models are tangible objects which have structural similarity with something different from them and can represent it for a subject. These external models can be interpreted on various mental levels: sensorial, perceptual, apperceptual and conceptual ones. Each of them is connected with a peculiar way of internal modelling. Both external and internal spatial models can have a productive or a reproductive character, which depends on whether they serve as patterns for reproduction or if they are copies of originals. It is possible to consider external models as spatial texts if they can be divided into a plane of expression and a plane of content which are connected with each other by a semiotic system. In particular, such division can be revealed in depictions in which the two planes of both depicting and depicted spaces are open for the eye and their connection is regulated by indexes of a special perceptographic code. So, depictions can be treated as spatial texts interpreted firstly on the perceptual level of internal modelling and, secondly, on the higher mental levels by means of other visual-spatial codes.The article is divided into three parts. The first part contains a description of the basic concepts introduced in the author’s interpretation. In the second part, these concepts are applied to description of spatial modelling and its semiotic means. In the third part an important special case of spatial modelling – combination of mimetic and semiotic means in formation of depictions – is discussed.
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Wan, Quan, Ying Cai, Jason Samaha, and Bradley R. Postle. "Tracking stimulus representation across a 2-back visual working memory task." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 8 (August 2020): 190228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190228.
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How does the neural representation of visual working memory content vary with behavioural priority? To address this, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while subjects performed a continuous-performance 2-back working memory task with oriented-grating stimuli. We tracked the transition of the neural representation of an item ( n ) from its initial encoding, to the status of ‘unprioritized memory item' (UMI), and back to ‘prioritized memory item', with multivariate inverted encoding modelling. Results showed that the representational format was remapped from its initially encoded format into a distinctive ‘opposite' representational format when it became a UMI and then mapped back into its initial format when subsequently prioritized in anticipation of its comparison with item n + 2. Thus, contrary to the default assumption that the activity representing an item in working memory might simply get weaker when it is deprioritized, it may be that a process of priority-based remapping helps to protect remembered information when it is not in the focus of attention.
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Garcia, Noa, Mayu Otani, Chenhui Chu, and Yuta Nakashima. "KnowIT VQA: Answering Knowledge-Based Questions about Videos." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 10826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6713.
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We propose a novel video understanding task by fusing knowledge-based and video question answering. First, we introduce KnowIT VQA, a video dataset with 24,282 human-generated question-answer pairs about a popular sitcom. The dataset combines visual, textual and temporal coherence reasoning together with knowledge-based questions, which need of the experience obtained from the viewing of the series to be answered. Second, we propose a video understanding model by combining the visual and textual video content with specific knowledge about the show. Our main findings are: (i) the incorporation of knowledge produces outstanding improvements for VQA in video, and (ii) the performance on KnowIT VQA still lags well behind human accuracy, indicating its usefulness for studying current video modelling limitations.
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Oszust, Mariusz. "A Regression-Based Family of Measures for Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment." Measurement Science Review 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2016-0040.
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Abstract The advances in the development of imaging devices resulted in the need of an automatic quality evaluation of displayed visual content in a way that is consistent with human visual perception. In this paper, an approach to full-reference image quality assessment (IQA) is proposed, in which several IQA measures, representing different approaches to modelling human visual perception, are efficiently combined in order to produce objective quality evaluation of examined images, which is highly correlated with evaluation provided by human subjects. In the paper, an optimisation problem of selection of several IQA measures for creating a regression-based IQA hybrid measure, or a multimeasure, is defined and solved using a genetic algorithm. Experimental evaluation on four largest IQA benchmarks reveals that the multimeasures obtained using the proposed approach outperform state-of-the-art full-reference IQA techniques, including other recently developed fusion approaches.
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Kasthuri Arachchi, Sandeli Priyanwada, Timothy K. Shih, and Noorkholis Luthfil Hakim. "Modelling a Spatial-Motion Deep Learning Framework to Classify Dynamic Patterns of Videos." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041479.
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Video classification is an essential process for analyzing the pervasive semantic information of video content in computer vision. Traditional hand-crafted features are insufficient when classifying complex video information due to the similarity of visual contents with different illumination conditions. Prior studies of video classifications focused on the relationship between the standalone streams themselves. In this paper, by leveraging the effects of deep learning methodologies, we propose a two-stream neural network concept, named state-exchanging long short-term memory (SE-LSTM). With the model of spatial motion state-exchanging, the SE-LSTM can classify dynamic patterns of videos using appearance and motion features. The SE-LSTM extends the general purpose of LSTM by exchanging the information with previous cell states of both appearance and motion stream. We propose a novel two-stream model Dual-CNNSELSTM utilizing the SE-LSTM concept combined with a Convolutional Neural Network, and use various video datasets to validate the proposed architecture. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed two-stream Dual-CNNSELSTM architecture significantly outperforms other datasets, achieving accuracies of 81.62%, 79.87%, and 69.86% with hand gestures, fireworks displays, and HMDB51 datasets, respectively. Furthermore, the overall results signify that the proposed model is most suited to static background dynamic patterns classifications.
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Fingas, Merv, and Ben Fieldhouse. "HOW TO MODEL WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION FORMATION." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-647.
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ABSTRACT Water-in-oil mixtures were grouped into four states or classes: stable, mesostable, unstable, and entrained water. Only stable and mesostable states can be characterized as emulsions. These states were established according to lifetime, visual appearance, complex modulus, and differences in viscosity. Water-in-oil emulsions made from crude oils have different classes of stability as a result of the asp haltene and resin contents, as well as differences in the viscosity of the starting oil. In this paper a new numerical modelling scheme is proposed and is based on empirical data and the corresponding physical knowledge of emulsion formation. The density, viscosity, saturate, asphaltene and resin contents are used to compute a class index which yields either an unstable or entrained water-in-oil state or a meso-stable or stable emulsion. A prediction scheme is given to estimate the water content and viscosity of the resulting water-in-oil state and the time to formation with input of wave-height.
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Giovannini, E. C., M. Lo Turco, and A. Tomalini. "DIGITAL PRACTICES TO ENHANCE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-273-2021.
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Abstract. The term “cultural heritage” has been enriched with multiple contents in the last decades, partly thanks to the protection instruments developed by UNESCO. Despite the past, the cultural heritage is not limited to monuments and collections of objects. The term nowadays includes tangible and intangible cultural heritage (ICH). ICH includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts. Within this context, the Museum of “Passione di Sordevolo” preserves and spreads the cultural and social value of the largest representation of popular Christian theatre in Italy, called “La Passione di Sordevolo”. The paper presents the results of the research of the reconstructive modelling and visual storytelling project called "Digital historical scenic design". The project explores the use of digital technologies to create new content compatible with the Museum’s mission: dissemination, communication and valorization of the documentary heritage (photographs, sketches, drawings) and the systematic collection of the oral tradition of this theatrical tradition.
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Rohama, Martina, and Esty Aryani Safithry. "Layanan Penguasaan Konten Dengan Teknik Sosial Modeling Untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Off Task Peserta Didik." Suluh: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling 3, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/suluh.v3i1.515.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of content mastery services with social modelling techniques to reduce off-task behaviour of Islamic students. The design of this study uses Single Subject Design (SSD) with multiple large cross variables. The subjects in this study were 5 class II MI HIdayatul students in the 2015/2016 academic year indicated as students who were off task behaving tending to be high and moderate, each of which was identified from the rubric of freedom of observation, intervention, and experimental control. Data analysis uses visual analysis by paying attention to changes in levels and trends.
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Andjelkovic, Darko, Tatjana Andjelkovic, Ruzica Nikolic, Milovan Purenovic, Srdjan Blagojevic, Aleksandar Bojic, and Milica Ristic. "Leaching of chromium from chromium contaminated soil: Speciation study and geochemical modeling." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 1 (2012): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc101216154a.
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Distribution of chromium between soil and leachate was monitored. A natural process of percolating rainwater through the soil was simulated in the laboratory conditions and studied with column leaching extraction. Migration of chromium in the soil is conditioned by the level of chromium soil contamination, the soil organic matter content, and rainwater acidity. Chromium (III) and chromium(VI) were determined by spectrophotometric method with diphenilcarbazide in acidic media. Comparing the results of chromium speciation in leachate obtained by experimental model systems and geochemical modelling calculations using Visual MINTEQ model, a correlation was observed regarding the influence of the tested parameters. Leachate solutions showed that the concentration of Cr depended on the organic matter content. The influence of pH and soil organic matter content is in compliance after its definition through experimental and theoretical way. The computer model - Stockholm Humic Model used to evaluate the leaching results corresponded rather well with the measured values.
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Pybus, C., K. Graham, J. Doherty, N. Arellano, and S. Fai. "NEW REALITIES FOR CANADA’S PARLIAMENT: A WORKFLOW FOR PREPARING HERITAGE BIM FOR GAME ENGINES AND VIRTUAL REALITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 26, 2019): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-945-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With a growing interest in the use of virtual reality (VR) for dissemination of cultural heritage sites, the question of how to leverage existing documentation as content for virtual experiences becomes a potentially valuable opportunity. Notably, as sites are increasingly documented with building information modelling (BIM) for the purposes of conservation, there is potential to give these models a second life as content for public education and promotion. However, although software exist for viewing BIM in VR headsets, they are inadequate for complex models typical of heritage buildings, and lack functionality for integrating custom didactic content and storytelling. To make BIM performative in VR and allow for custom content, a workflow was developed to translate BIM into game engine scenes — which optimizes geometry following performance guidelines of VR while maintaining the high visual fidelity of the BIM. As a case study, six heritage spaces of the Centre Block of the Canadian Parliament which had been previously documented and modelled by CIMS were prepared for Unity3D, enabling their later use in a storytelling experience.</p>
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Steinberg, V. E., N. N. Manko, L. V. Vakhidova, and D. R. Fatkhulova. "Visual didactic regulators as instruments of learning activity: Development and applied aspects." Education and science journal 23, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 126–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2021-6-126-52.
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Introduction. The competitive advantage in the field of critical knowledge and technology exacerbates the problem of the effectiveness of intellectual activity and the means of its support in science, production and education. Such visual aids, formed by conceptual and graphic elements, such as concept maps, frames, structural logic diagrams, etc., contribute to the theoretical analysis and generalisation of the formed images and representations of learners. According to the degree of the development of these visual aids, the emphasis shifts from the function of visibility to the function of the organisation of activities. The term “visibility” (associated with the initial images of perception and representation) is substituted by the term “regulator” (focused on the organisation of further activities of the student). The hypothesis assumes the expediency of the development of conceptual and graphic means of visualisation in the form of visual didactic regulations, which are the subject of research.The present research aims: to discuss the problem of the creation of didactic regulations for educational activities; to study the development of conceptual-graphic means of visibility and factors for improving their functionality; to forecast the development of this type of means based on the visualisation of the logical-semantic modelling of knowledge; to clarify terminology and applied aspects; and to conduct experimental approbation in the conditions of distance learning.Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is based on the fundamental didactic principle of visualisation, which is necessary for the transition in the process of cognition from sensory perception to abstract thinking and contributes to the combination of abstract thinking with visualisation in teaching. The research methodology is also based on the method of logical-semantic modelling of knowledge and the following criteria for the study of conceptual-graphic means of visualisation: the application of the cognitive principles of knowledge representation; the use of universal instructional analysis activities to transform knowledge; the applicability of graphical representation of content. The methodology for the formation of didactic regulations included a visual presentation of the results of logical-semantic modelling of knowledge using universal educational actions and coordinate-matrix graphics. The method of experimental approbation of regulations in distance learning involved: the participation of students of four specialities and university teachers; a questionnaire survey of students; mastering, designing and using didactic regulations on the topic of experimental studies.Results and scientific novelty. The search on the databases of scientific documents of the Russian Academy of Education, the Electronic Scientific Library, Scopus, WOS and the Internet revealed the apparent lack of research and development of didactic regulations of a conceptual-graphic type. It was established that the main reason for the development of conceptual and graphic means of visualisation is the complexity of the tasks to be solved in science, production and education. It is demonstrated that the improvement of the functionality of conceptual and graphical tools is explained by the application of the principles of cognitive visual representation of knowledge and the method of logical-semantic modelling. The basic structures of the regulations were predicted and formed; the terminology of the research approach was clarified; the application of the tools for educational and project-based activities, interfaces of computer training programs is considered.Practical significance. The functionality of visual didactic regulators expands the potential of visibility and complements the tools of the teacher and the student. Moreover, they can be used in teaching technologies, research activities and design, when creating computer training programs.
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Banfi, F., C. M. Bolognesi, J. A. Bonini, and A. Mandelli. "THE VIRTUAL HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CERCHIA DEI NAVIGLI OF MILAN: FROM HISTORICAL ARCHIVES, 3D SURVEY AND HBIM TO THE VIRTUAL VISUAL STORYTELLING." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-39-2021.
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Abstract. In the last decades, thanks to the development of eXtended Reality (XR) development platforms, research studies have envisaged new possibilities for disseminating tangible and intangible values of the past through historical virtual reconstructions. More recently, experimentation in the field of virtual archaeology has led to the development of interactive experiences based on advanced virtual and augmented reality (VR-AR) technologies. In this context, the authors intend to support the transmissibility of the historical and cultural background through validated and sustainable workflow-oriented to create virtual historical reconstruction using different sources such as 3D survey (laser scanning and digital photogrammetry), Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) models and historical reports. The XR project’s development included reconstructing the main historical sections and water basins of the Cerchia dei Navigli in Milan: the Conca dell’Incoronata, the Conca di Viarenna and Via Senato. The main objective is to achieve realistic and suggestive Virtual Visual Storytelling (VVS), recreating the atmospheres and scenes of everyday life when the waterways were still present. The result is engaging content on an emotional level, which leaves the visitor with dynamic memory and the feeling of reliving lost moments.
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Drewes, A. M., L. Svendsen, K. Bjerregård, S. Taagholt, and K. D. Nielsen. "Ambulatory Recording and Power Spectral Analysis by Autoregressive Modelling of Polygraphic Sleep Signals in Patients Suffering from Chronic Pain." Methods of Information in Medicine 33, no. 01 (1994): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634963.
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Abstract:A portable digital recording system and the Nightingale sleep analyser have been applied to record polygraphical sleep signals in patients suffering from chronic pain. Using ambulatory recording the patient can sleep at home making the sleep more natural and reducing the costs. The recording system gives digital recordings of very good quality. It is shown that the Nightingale sleep analyser performs automatic sleep analysis with a quality comparable to visual interrater performance on disordered sleep. It furthermore provides means for extraction of spectral information useful for the description of the sleep-wakefulness processes and for diagnosing the sleep disorders. Using AR-model-based power spectral analysis, it is also shown that the power content in the alpha band relative to the delta power is significantly higher in patients suffering from non-specific chronic pain as compared to normal persons.
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Bampis, Loukas, Angelos Amanatiadis, and Antonios Gasteratos. "Fast loop-closure detection using visual-word-vectors from image sequences." International Journal of Robotics Research 37, no. 1 (December 22, 2017): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364917740639.
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In this paper, a novel pipeline for loop-closure detection is proposed. We base our work on a bag of binary feature words and we produce a description vector capable of characterizing a physical scene as a whole. Instead of relying on single camera measurements, the robot’s trajectory is dynamically segmented into image sequences according to its content. The visual word occurrences from each sequence are then combined to create sequence-visual-word-vectors and provide additional information to the matching functionality. In this way, scenes with considerable visual differences are firstly discarded, while the respective image-to-image associations are provided subsequently. With the purpose of further enhancing the system’s performance, a novel temporal consistency filter (trained offline) is also introduced to advance matches that persist over time. Evaluation results prove that the presented method compares favorably with other state-of-the-art techniques, while our algorithm is tested on a tablet device, verifying the computational efficiency of the approach.
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Olsson, Per-Ola, Josefine Axelsson, Martin Hooper, and Lars Harrie. "Automation of Building Permission by Integration of BIM and Geospatial Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7080307.
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The building permission process is to a large extent an analogue process where much information is handled in paper format or as pdf files. With the ongoing digitalisation in society, there is a potential to automate this process by integrating Building Information Models (BIM) of planned buildings and geospatial data to check if a building conforms to the building permission regulations. In this study, an inventory of which regulations in the (Swedish) detailed development plans that can be automatically checked or supported by 3D visualisation was conducted. Then, two of these regulations, the building height and the building footprint area, were studied in detail to find to which extent they can be automatically checked by integration of BIM and geospatial data. In addition, a feasibility study of one visual criterion was conducted. One concern when automating the building permission process is the variability of content within the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model. Variations in modelling methods and model content leads to differences in IFC models’ content and structure; these differences complicate automated processes. To facilitate automated processes, requirements on the production of IFC models for building permission applications could be defined in the form of model view definitions or delivery specifications.
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Chen, Jinju, and Shiyan Ou. "Research on the construction of the semantic model for Chinese ancient architectures based on architectural narratives." Electronic Library 38, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-02-2020-0039.
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Purpose This paper aims to reorganize the relevant information of Chinese ancient architectures with the use of Semantic Web technologies and thus facilitate its deep discovery and usage. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes an ontology model for Chinese ancient architectures based on architectural narratives theory. To verify the availability of the ancient architecture ontology, we designed and implemented three experiments, including semantic retrieval based on SPARQL query, semantic reasoning with the use of Jena reasoner and visual analysis based on the Chinese Online Digital Humanities Resources Platform. Findings The proposed ontology provided a solution for the semantic annotation of the unstructured information of Chinese ancient architectures. On this basis, deep knowledge services such as semantic retrieval, semantic reasoning and visual analysis can be provided. Practical implications The proposed semantic model of ancient architectures can effectively improve the organization and access quality of the semantic content of Chinese ancient architectures. Originality/value This paper focuses on the semantic modelling for the unstructured information of Chinese ancient architectures to semantically describe the related entities (e.g. persons, events, places and times) and uncover their relationships, and thus it made contribution to the deep semantic annotations on ancient architectures.
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Shi, Zhenqing, Herbert E. Allen, Dominic M. Di Toro, Suen-Zone Lee, and James B. Harsh. "Predicting PbII adsorption on soils: the roles of soil organic matter, cation competition and iron (hydr)oxides." Environmental Chemistry 10, no. 6 (2013): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13153.
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Environmental context Lead is a common and persistent soil and water contaminant. This study provides a unique set of parameters for chemical models that can be used for predicting Pb adsorption by soil. The suggested modelling approach can be used to quantitatively predict Pb retention and release in soils with changing environmental conditions. Abstract Lead (PbII) adsorption on 14 non-calcareous New Jersey soils was studied with a batch method. Both adsorption edge and adsorption isotherm experiments were conducted covering a wide range of soil compositions, Pb concentrations and solution pHs. Visual MINTEQ was used to calculate the Pb adsorption equilibrium by coupling the Stockholm Humic Model, the CD-MUSIC model, a diffuse layer model and a cation exchange model for Pb reactions with soil organic matter (SOM), Fe (hydr)oxides, Al hydroxides and clay minerals. For model predictions, reactive organic matter (ROM), the fraction of SOM responsible for Pb binding, and reactive Al and FeIII in soils were quantified. The models predicted Pb adsorption to soils reasonably well with varying SOM and mineral content at various pHs and Pb concentrations. For 3.0<pH<6.0, the log partition coefficient root mean square error was 0.34. However at higher pHs the models were less successful. Both ROM and Al competition had a significant effect on model predictions. ROM was the dominant adsorption phase at pHs between 3.0 and 5.0. For pH>5.0, Pb adsorption to Fe (hydr)oxides became significant. The modelling approach presented in this study can be used to understand and quantitatively predict Pb adsorption on soil.
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Al-Azawei, Ahmed, Ali kadhim Al-Bermani, and Karsten Lundqvist. "Evaluating the Effect of Arabic Engineering Students’ Learning Styles in Blended Programming Courses." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 15 (2016): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3423.
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This study investigated the complex relationship among learning styles, gender, perceived satisfaction, and academic performance across four programming courses supported by an e-learning platform. A total of 219 undergraduate students from a public Iraqi university who recently experienced e-learning voluntarily took place in the study. The integrated courses adopted a blended learning mode and all learners were provided the same learning content and pathway irrespective of their individual styles. Data were gathered using the Index of Learning Styles (ILS), three closed-ended questions, and the academic record. Traditional statistics and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) were performed to examine the proposed hypotheses. The findings of this research suggested that, overall, learning style dimensions are uncorrelated with either academic performance or perceived satisfaction, except for the processing dimension (active/reflective) that has a significant effect on the latter. Furthermore, gender is unassociated with any of the proposed model’s constructs. Finally, there is no significant correlation between academic performance and perceived satisfaction. These results led to the conclusion that even though Arabic engineering students prefer active, sensing, visual, and sequential learning as do other engineering students from different backgrounds, they can adapt to a learning context even if their preferences are not met. The research contributes empirically to the existing debate regarding the potential implications of learning styles and for the Arabic context in particular, since respective research remains rare.
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Zaleckis, Kestutis, Ausra Mlinkauskiene, and Nijole Steponaityte. "Research on Changes of Spatial Structure Genotype of a Former Artillerymen’ Military Town of Kaunas Fortress." Landscape architecture and art 16 (December 30, 2020): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.16.02.
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Immovable cultural heritage creates a background for sustainable cultural development of cities. As a cultural artefact, it appears in two-fold situation in the above-mentioned context. Firstly, the continuity of the valuable features as carriers of cultural content should be preserved. Secondly, the possibility of the evolution (functional, spatial or social) of the object should be assured. Now the valuable features of the immovable cultural heritage are described in a static, quantitative ways with focus on phenotype, e.g. spatial volume, place, details of architectural style, number and places of windows, etc. Such type of description without any argumentations is practically closing any possibilities for further evolution of the protected objects. It is especially true if we speak about urban valuable structures. The authors of the article present a proposal for dynamic, genotype oriented modelling of the possible evolution of the former military town of Kaunas Fortress as an example of immovable urban cultural heritage. The model is based on the evaluation of changes in the cognition of urban structure with presentation of complex numerical values. Research included the following parts: historical urban development analysis of heritage territory, current state analysis, investigation and modelling of territory spatial structure genotypic changes. The results of the presentation demonstrate the limitations and subjectivity of the present system of description of valuable features of the objects of immovable cultural heritage and present the possible way for the improvement of the situation.
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Davoine, Franck, Etienne Bertin, and Jean-Marc Chassery. "An Adaptive Partition for Fractal Image Coding." Fractals 05, supp01 (April 1997): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x97000796.
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In this paper we present a flexible partitioning scheme for fractal image compression, based on the Delaunay triangles. The aim is to have the advantage of triangular blocks over squares, in terms of adaptivity to the image content. In a first step, the triangulation is computed so that the triangles are more densely distributed in regions containing interesting features such as corners and edges, or so that they tend to run along the strong edges in the image. In a second step we merge adjacent triangles into quadrilaterals, in order to decrease the number of blocks. Quadrilaterals permit a reduction of the number of local contractive affine transformations composing the fractal transform, and thus to increase the compression ratio, while preserving the visual quality of the decoded image.
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Huang, Meiyan, Wei Yang, Mei Yu, Zhentai Lu, Qianjin Feng, and Wufan Chen. "Retrieval of Brain Tumors with Region-Specific Bag-of-Visual-Words Representations in Contrast-Enhanced MRI Images." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/280538.
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A content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system is proposed for the retrieval of T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) images of brain tumors. In this CBIR system, spatial information in the bag-of-visual-words model and domain knowledge on the brain tumor images are considered for the representation of brain tumor images. A similarity metric is learned through a distance metric learning algorithm to reduce the gap between the visual features and the semantic concepts in an image. The learned similarity metric is then used to measure the similarity between two images and then retrieve the most similar images in the dataset when a query image is submitted to the CBIR system. The retrieval performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a brain CE-MRI dataset with three types of brain tumors (i.e., meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumor). The experimental results demonstrate that the mean average precision values of the proposed method range from 90.4% to 91.5% for different views (transverse, coronal, and sagittal) with an average value of 91.0%.
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Budnyk, Andrii. "THE INFLUENCE OF UKRAINIAN FILM POSTERS OF THE 1920s AND 1930s ON CONTEMPORARY GRAPHIC DESIGN." CULTURE AND ARTS IN THE MODERN WORLD, no. 22 (June 30, 2021): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2410-1915.22.2021.235912.
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The purpose of the article is to analyse the influence of the system of compositional techniques and graphics of the All-Ukrainian Photo Cinema Administration Film Poster School and Ukrainafilm on domestic graphic design. Research methodology. The author has applied historical, art history, and comparative analysis. Scientific novelty. Through the similarity matching in the world and Ukrainian design and the study of the use of design schemes, techniques and tools that are permanently used in graphic design, we reason the influence of the Ukrainian Poster School of the 1920s and 1930s on contemporary graphic design practice. Conclusions. Despite a long break for ideological grounds in the functioning and study of Ukrainian graphic design in the middle of the twentieth century, we record a noticeable influence of the means and techniques of Ukrainian poster art on modern trends. These are general compositional techniques: placing a formatted face or figure as a dominant on the entire plane of the image, designing a composition on the principle of a “playing card”, deliberately replacing grounds on the inverted perspective. There are local techniques: concentric circles as a compositional dominant, filling the main character’s glasses with visual elements or font content, and rhythmically repeating visual elements or font groups. The identified similarities can be valuable in the young designers training, taking into account the general development of Ukrainian graphics’ history and its single branch graphic design. It is also possible to use these schemes, techniques and tools in contemporary design education as a methodological basis for teaching poster design, designing, composition, layout and modelling.
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Kopsachilis, Vasilis, Lucia Siciliani, Marco Polignano, Pol Kolokoussis, Michail Vaitis, Marco de Gemmis, and Konstantinos Topouzelis. "Semantically-Aware Retrieval of Oceanographic Phenomena Annotated on Satellite Images." Information 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080321.
Full textAbstract:
Scientists in the marine domain process satellite images in order to extract information that can be used for monitoring, understanding, and forecasting of marine phenomena, such as turbidity, algal blooms and oil spills. The growing need for effective retrieval of related information has motivated the adoption of semantically aware strategies on satellite images with different spatio-temporal and spectral characteristics. A big issue of these approaches is the lack of coincidence between the information that can be extracted from the visual data and the interpretation that the same data have for a user in a given situation. In this work, we bridge this semantic gap by connecting the quantitative elements of the Earth Observation satellite images with the qualitative information, modelling this knowledge in a marine phenomena ontology and developing a question answering mechanism based on natural language that enables the retrieval of the most appropriate data for each user’s needs. The main objective of the presented methodology is to realize the content-based search of Earth Observation images related to the marine application domain on an application-specific basis that can answer queries such as “Find oil spills that occurred this year in the Adriatic Sea”.
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WANG, XING-YUAN, and YAHUI LANG. "A FAST FRACTAL ENCODING METHOD BASED ON FRACTAL DIMENSION." Fractals 17, no. 04 (December 2009): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x09004491.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper a fast fractal coding method based on fractal dimension is proposed. Image texture is an important content in image analysis and processing which can be used to describe the extent of irregular surface. The fractal dimension in fractal theory can be used to describe the image texture, and it is the same with the human visual system. The higher the fractal dimension, the rougher the surface of the corresponding graph, and vice versa. Therefore in this paper a fast fractal encoding method based on fractal dimension is proposed. During the encoding process, using the fractal dimension of the image, all blocks of the given image first are defined into three classes. Then each range block searches the best match in the corresponding class. The method is based on differential box counting which is chosen specifically for texture analysis. Since the searching space is reduced and the classification operation is simple and computationally efficient, the encoding speed is improved and the quality of the decoded image is preserved. Experiments show that compared with the full search method, the proposed method greatly reduced the encoding time, obtained a rather good retrieved image, and achieved the stable speedup ratio.
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Yegorova, Sofya I., and Andrey M. Savinov. "Development and approbation of models of graphic art training for designers of light industry products." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 26, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-3-148-153.
Full textAbstract:
Topicality of the study responds to a need of modern Russian light industry for designers capable of developing new, aesthetic, highly artistic products. The problem of aesthetic training of designers of products of light industry can be solved by means of art and graphic disciplines. But to date, a holistic artistic and graphic training of designers corresponding to the specifics of their professional practices has not been proposed. The article presents the theoretical justification for the training of designers of light industry products and the results of its approbation. The main research methods are pedagogic modelling and pedagogic experiment. The model is developed on the basis of reverse design methods and a systematic approach. A costume as an object of design includes technological and artistic-aesthetic aspects, respectively, in the content of the model; a set of exercises has been developed aimed at mastering the techniques of artistic graphics of the costume and the development of figurative thinking, the accumulation of visual experience. The pedagogic experiment showed that the developed model allows improving the quality of artistic and graphic training of designers of light industry products. The results of the study can be applied in the preparation of designers in institutions of higher and secondary vocational education.
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Telles, Francismeire Jane, Cristian Luan Klunk, Fabiano Rodrigo da Maia, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de Brito, and Isabela Galarda Varassin. "Towards a new understanding of the division of labour in heterantherous flowers: the case of Pterolepis glomerata (Melastomataceae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa107.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pollen-flowers with heteromorphic stamens have been shown to promote an intrafloral division of labour as a solution to fitness costs arising from pollen consumption by bees, known as the pollen dilemma. Usually, the division is based on morphological differences in anther and pollen traits that correlate with stamen function: pollinating anthers are larger and contain more and higher-quality pollen grains than feeding anthers. Here, we present a new strategy based on a high investment in reward production and thus attraction, in the heterantherous Pterolepis glomerata, to overcome short flower longevity and maintain reproductive success. In P. glomerata small feeding anthers not only produced more pollen grains and more grains with cytoplasmic content, but also released more pollen than pollinating anthers after a single visit. This pattern was consistent until the end of floral anthesis, showing the existence of pollen-dosing mechanisms. Bees equally visited flowers with yellow feeding anthers and pollinating anthers with yellow connective appendages, indicating a visual similarity, as predicted by bee vision modelling. Our results demonstrate that the division of labour might have different outcomes. Instead of the classical expectation of more investment in reproductive pollen in pollinating stamens, P. glomerata invested more in attraction and reward in feeding stamens.
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McLachlan, Scott, and Lisa C. Webley. "Visualisation of law and legal Process: An opportunity missed." Information Visualization 20, no. 2-3 (May 12, 2021): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14738716211012608.
Full textAbstract:
Visual representation of the law and legal process can aid in recall and discussion of complicated legal concepts, yet is a skill rarely taught in law schools. This work investigates the use of flowcharts and similar process-oriented diagrams in contemporary legal literature through a literature review and concept-based content analysis. Information visualisations (infovis) identified in the literature are classified into 11 described archetypal diagram types, and the results describe their usage quantitatively by type, year, publication venue and legal domain. We found that the use of infovis in legal literature is extremely rare, identifying not more than 10 articles in each calendar year. We also identified that the concept flow diagram is most commonly used, and that Unified Modelling Language (UML) is the most frequently applied representational approach. This work posits a number of serious questions for legal educators and practicing lawyers regarding how infovis in legal education and practice may improve access to justice, legal education and lay comprehension of complex legal frameworks and processes. It concludes by asking how we can expect communities to understand and adhere to laws that have become so complex and verbose as to be incomprehensible even to many of those who are learned in the law?
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Jofré, Gabriela M. "Cannibalism in smooth snakes, Coronella austriaca." Herpetological Journal, Volume 30, Number 3 (July 1, 2020): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hj30.3.168172.
Full textAbstract:
Cannibalism is a widespread behavioural trait in nature and snakes are no exception. In smooth snakes (Coronella austriaca) it has only been visibly observed in captive individuals or known from faecal/stomach content analyses. Between 2009 and 2018 one incidence of cannibalism, determined from a faecal sample, and one sighting, were recorded in wild smooth snakes in Wareham Forest plantations, UK. Analysis of faecal samples and visual encounter surveys were used to estimate its frequency. Both records occurred in early autumn and our results suggest that its incidence in wild smooth snakes in southern England is low (0.1-0.3 %) and may be the result of low body condition. The circumstances resulting in cannibalism in the smooth snake may also be relevant to other animal species where cannibalism has been reported.
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Picelli Sanches, Emilia Christie, Claudia Mara Scudelari Macedo, and Juliana Bueno. "Imagens táteis tridimensionais: um modelo para a tradução tátil a partir de imagens estáticas bidimensionais | Three-dimensional tactile images: a model for tactile translation from two-dimensional static images." InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação 14, no. 2 (October 29, 2017): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51358/id.v14i2.602.
Full textAbstract:
A acessibilidade na educação de pessoas cegas é um direito que deve ser cumprido. Levando-se em consideração que o design da informação almeja transmitir uma informação de forma efetiva ao receptor, e que uma imagem estática precisa ser adaptada para que um aluno cego tenha acesso a esse conteúdo visual, propõe-se uma maneira de traduzir a informação visual para o tátil. O propósito deste artigo, então, é apresentar um modelo para tradução de imagens estáticas bidimensionais em imagens táteis tridimensionais. Por isso, parte de uma breve revisão da literatura sobre cegueira, percepção tátil e imagens táteis. Na sequência, apresenta o modelo de tradução em três partes: (1) recomendações da literatura; (2) estrutura e (3) modelo preliminar para teste. Depois, descreve o teste do modelo realizado com dois designers com habilidades de modelagem digital (potenciais usuários). Como resultado dos testes, obtiveram-se duas modelagens distintas, uma utilizando da elevação e outra utilizando texturas, porém, os dois participantes realizaram com sucesso a tarefa pretendida. Ainda, a partir dos resultados dos obtidos, também, foi possível perceber falhas no modelo que necessitam ser ajustadas para as próximas etapas da pesquisa.+++++Accessibility in education of blind people is a right that must be fulfilled. Considering that information design aims to transmit an information in an effective way to the receiver, and that a static image needs to be adapted so that a blind student can have access to this visual content, it is proposed a way to translate the visual information to the tactile sense. The purpose of this paper is to present a translating model of static two-dimensional images into three-dimensional tactile images. First, it starts from a brief literature review aboutblindness, tactile perception and tactile images. Second, it presents the translating model in three sections: (1) literature recommendations; (2) structure and (3) finished model for testing. Then, it describes the tests with the model and two designers with digital modelling abilities (potential users). As a result from the tests, two distinct models were obtained, one using elevation and other using textures, although, both participants successfully made the intended task. Also from the test results, it was possible to perceive flaws on the model that need to be adjusted for the next steps of the research.
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Хейфец, Aleksandr Kheyfets, Васильева, and Vera Vasileva. "The Course Computer Graphics for Students Building Specialties." Geometry & Graphics 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10456.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the state and trends in the development
of content and methodology of teaching of engineering
graphics at universities, in particular at South Ural State University
(SUSU). It is noted that the development goes in the direction of
computerization of the course and of the expansion of the scope
of application of 3D modeling and drawing.
The author overviews the content and methodology of teaching
construction engineering students of SUSU computer graphics.
The course is designed for the AutoCAD package. The article introduces
three graphical tasks that reveal features of construction
drawing. The topics of the abovementioned tasks are the perspective
and shadows, drawing of civil buildings, and drawing of truss
nodes. The course focuses on modern design technologies in construction.
To perform the aforementioned tasks the author implements
both traditional 2D (computer) methods of drawing and
modern 3D design methods which are actively developing. Work
goals and objectives for each task are given, as well as the examples
of drawings, 3D models and the sequence of their construction.
The author shows methods of studying properties of geometrical
projections and of shadowing difficult elements of building on
the example of 3D modeling. The article gives the examples of
photorealistic rendering done by the students for building visual
images.
The article also exposes shadowing in the orthographic projections
on the example of smaller architectural projects and civil
constructions. Shadows are built both in the automatic 3D modelling
and visualization mode and in traditional 2D methods.
The author dwells on modern means of automation of geometric
construction as well as shows the example of parameterization
in the process of determining optimal parameters of perspective
projections. The article reveals the construction of the dynamic
block as a means of storing graphical information of modern CAD
systems. The example of block construction in the process of truss
node creation is also given.
The author provides the requirements for the contents of the
semester report, the list of additional competencies acquired by the
student after the development of the course.
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Deliiski, Nencho, and Natalia Tumbarkova. "Modeling Latent Heat Fluxes of Water in Logs during their Freezing." Drvna industrija 70, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2019.1829.
Full textAbstract:
This paper suggests a methodology for mathematical modelling and research of two interconnected problems: 2D non-stationary temperature distribution in logs subjected to freezing and change in the latent heat fluxes of the free and bound water in logs during the freezing process. For the purpose of this methodology, a 2-dimensional mathematical model has been created, solved, and verified for the transient non-linear heat conduction in logs during their freezing at convective boundary conditions. The model includes a mathematical description of the specific latent heat fluxes, qLHv-fw and qLHv-bw, formed by the freezing of the free and bound water in the logs, respectively. The paper presents solutions of the model with explicit form of the finite-difference method in the calculation environment of Visual Fortran Professional and its verification in accordance with our own experimental studies. The paper presents the results of simulation analysis of 2D non-stationary temperature distribution in the longitudinal section of pine log with a diameter of 0.24 m, length of 0.48 m, and moisture content above the hygroscopic range during its 30-hour freezing in a freezer at the temperature of the processing air medium of approximately –30 °C. The change in the latent heat fluxes qLHv-fw and qLHv-bw during the log freezing is presented, visualized, and analyzed.
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Weninger, Thomas, Gernot Bodner, Janis Kreiselmeier, Parvathy Chandrasekhar, Stefan Julich, Karl-Heinz Feger, Kai Schwärzel, and Andreas Schwen. "Combination of Measurement Methods for a Wide-Range Description of Hydraulic Soil Properties." Water 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10081021.
Full textAbstract:
Established measurement methods for hydraulic soil properties cover a limited soil moisture range. Simulations of soil water dynamics based on such observations are therefore rarely representative for all conditions from saturation to drought. Recent technical developments facilitate efficient and cheap collecting of soil water characteristics data, but the quantitative benefit of extended measurement campaigns has not been adequately tested yet. In this study, a combination of four methods to measure water retention and hydraulic conductivity at different moisture ranges was applied. Evaporation method, dewpoint psychrometry, hood infiltrometer experiments, and falling head method for saturated conductivity were conducted at two experimental sites in eastern Austria. Effects of including the particular methods in the measurement strategy were examined by visual evaluation and a 1D-modelling sensitivity study including drainage, infiltration and drought conditions. The evaporation method was considered essential due to its broad measurement range both for water retention and hydraulic conductivity. In addition to that, the highest effect on simulated water balance components was induced by the inclusion of separate conductivity measurements near saturation. Water content after three days of drainage was 15 percent higher and the transpiration rate in a drought period was 22 percent higher without near-saturated conductivity measurements. Based on relative comparisons between different combinations, we suggested combining evaporation method and hood infiltrometer experiments as the basis for representative predictions of soil water dynamics.
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Tang, Chao, Jie Li, Linyuan Wang, Ziheng Li, Lingyun Jiang, Ailong Cai, Wenkun Zhang, Ningning Liang, Lei Li, and Bin Yan. "Unpaired Low-Dose CT Denoising Network Based on Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Network with Prior Image Information." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2019 (December 7, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8639825.
Full textAbstract:
The widespread application of X-ray computed tomography (CT) in clinical diagnosis has led to increasing public concern regarding excessive radiation dose administered to patients. However, reducing the radiation dose will inevitably cause server noise and affect radiologists’ judgment and confidence. Hence, progressive low-dose CT (LDCT) image reconstruction methods must be developed to improve image quality. Over the past two years, deep learning-based approaches have shown impressive performance in noise reduction for LDCT images. Most existing deep learning-based approaches usually require the paired training dataset which the LDCT images correspond to the normal-dose CT (NDCT) images one-to-one, but the acquisition of well-paired datasets requires multiple scans, resulting the increase of radiation dose. Therefore, well-paired datasets are not readily available. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes an unpaired LDCT image denoising network based on cycle generative adversarial networks (CycleGAN) with prior image information which does not require a one-to-one training dataset. In this method, cyclic loss, an important trick in unpaired image-to-image translation, promises to map the distribution from LDCT to NDCT by using unpaired training data. Furthermore, to guarantee the accurate correspondence of the image content between the output and NDCT, the prior information obtained from the result preprocessed using the LDCT image is integrated into the network to supervise the generation of content. Given the map of distribution through the cyclic loss and the supervision of content through the prior image loss, our proposed method can not only reduce the image noise but also retain critical information. Real-data experiments were carried out to test the performance of the proposed method. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improves by more than 3 dB, and the structural similarity (SSIM) increases when compared with the original CycleGAN without prior information. The real LDCT data experiment demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method according to both visual inspection and quantitative evaluation.
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Grinkevičius, Kęstutis. "Preconditions for development of generic competencies by teaching biology in the general education school: the aspect of the content of textbooks for classes 9 and 10." Pedagogika 113, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2014.1757.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with educational peculiarities, which highlight modern educational priorities, of the content of textbooks for classes 9 and 10 prepared during the current three years by individual Lithuanian authors. Applying content assessment analysis, didactic principles of preparation of textbooks were examined, and forms of educational expression of generic competencies (ability to learn, cognition, communication, use of ICT and other) in textual, visual, practical and other materials of these learning aids were revealed.During the research it was established that the key point of the content structure of modern textbooks is assistance to the student and the teacher. To achieve the set aim textbooks contain not only knowledge, but they also advise, encourage, motivate, indicate a learning direction, provide possibilities for students to check and evaluate their achievements themselves.Modern didactic principles are reflected in the content of textbooks in different forms which are accessible to students. One of them, i.e. a principle of accessibility, could be noted as it is revealed on the basis of the peculiarities of students‘ developmental cognitive psychology and logic; however, inborn or acquired special needs, learning styles of individual students are considered only in part. A principle of integrityis particularly distinct in the content of textbooks from the point of view of the subject, internal and socio-cultural integration. In the content of „Biology 9” and “Biology 10“, interdisciplinary integration is emphasized more. This educational principle is aimed at linking knowledge of different subjects by notional relationships. In the textbooks of „Bios“ series more attention is given to internal integration of the subject. It is guaranteed linking concepts and conceptions of the same subject by internal interrelations. Application of sociocultural integration aims at developing students’ general scientific conception. This principle of integration is expressed by linking concepts of ecology, healthy lifestyle, consumer culture or other areas with the biology subject content.Analysis of textbooks from the point of generic competencies demonstrated that this educational aspect is particularly distinct in the textbooks published in 2010–2012. In their content, it is aimed at developing generic competencies through certain sections, topics, tasks: ability to learn– “How to Study Biology”; the following rubrics are devoted for the developmentof a cognitive competency: “Science Report”, “Do it Practically”, “Laboratory”, “Method”;an ICT application competencyis developed by teaching how to use the opportunities provided by these technologies in searching, summarizing or submitting information, or processing the data of researches, tests and observations, examining or modelling phenomena. To achieve this aim, relevant Internet websites that can be used both in the classroom and at home are indicated; communication, initiative and creativity competenciesare developed through discussions of the tasks performed, debates, analysis and assessment of the results of the work, drawing conclusions.A social competencyis developed through the ability to socialize and cooperate, respect for the person, his rights and dignity. The content of the analyzed textbooks is characterized by a rather innovative biology education system, i.e. a constructivist approach to teaching (and learning) is evident, modern didactics and a provision of education (self-education) targeted to learning activities is emphasized. The mentioned learning activities involve: independent and active students’ learning, working in pairs or in groups, information search and its presentation, science research, vocational orientation.The material is presented in a form of problems, life situations encouraging critical thinking are created; the phenomena analyzed in topics are associated with the currently topical issues and presented according to the latest discoveries and technologies.
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Ma, Wei, Xinyao Cheng, Xiangyang Xu, Furong Wang, Ran Zhou, Aaron Fenster, and Mingyue Ding. "Multilevel Strip Pooling-Based Convolutional Neural Network for the Classification of Carotid Plaque Echogenicity." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3425893.
Full textAbstract:
Carotid plaque echogenicity in ultrasound images has been found to be closely correlated with the risk of stroke in atherosclerotic patients. The automatic and accurate classification of carotid plaque echogenicity is of great significance for clinically estimating the stability of carotid plaques and predicting cardiovascular events. Existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can provide an automatic carotid plaque echogenicity classification; however, they require a fixed-size input image, while the carotid plaques are of varying sizes. Although cropping and scaling the input carotid plaque images is promising, it will cause content loss or distortion and hence reduce the classification accuracy. In this study, we redesign the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) and propose multilevel strip pooling (MSP) for the automatic and accurate classification of carotid plaque echogenicity in the longitudinal section. The proposed MSP module can accept arbitrarily sized carotid plaques as input and capture a long-range informative context to improve the accuracy of classification. In our experiments, we implement an MSP-based CNN by using the visual geometry group (VGG) network as the backbone. A total of 1463 carotid plaques (335 echo-rich plaques, 405 intermediate plaques, and 723 echolucent plaques) were collected from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. The 5-fold cross-validation results show that the proposed MSP-based VGGNet achieves a sensitivity of 92.1%, specificity of 95.6%, accuracy of 92.1%, and F1-score of 92.1%. These results demonstrate that our approach provides a way to enhance the applicability of CNN by enabling the acceptance of arbitrary input sizes and improving the classification accuracy of carotid plaque echogenicity, which has a great potential for an efficient and objective risk assessment of carotid plaques in the clinic.
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Park, Jungeun, Joseph DiNapoli, Robert A. Mixell, and Alfinio Flores. "Use of words and visuals in modelling context of annual plant." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 48, no. 5 (December 23, 2016): 682–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020739x.2016.1264634.
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Rittscher, Jens, Andrew Blake, Anthony Hoogs, and Gees Stein. "Mathematical modelling of animate and intentional motion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1431 (February 17, 2003): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1259.
Full textAbstract:
Our aim is to enable a machine to observe and interpret the behaviour of others. Mathematical models are employed to describe certain biological motions. The main challenge is to design models that are both tractable and meaningful. In the first part we will describe how computer vision techniques, in particular visual tracking, can be applied to recognize a small vocabulary of human actions in a constrained scenario. Mainly the problems of viewpoint and scale invariance need to be overcome to formalize a general framework. Hence the second part of the article is devoted to the question whether a particular human action should be captured in a single complex model or whether it is more promising to make extensive use of semantic knowledge and a collection of low–level models that encode certain motion primitives. Scene context plays a crucial role if we intend to give a higher–level interpretation rather than a low–level physical description of the observed motion. A semantic knowledge base is used to establish the scene context. This approach consists of three main components: visual analysis, the mapping from vision to language and the search of the semantic database. A small number of robust visual detectors is used to generate a higher–level description of the scene. The approach together with a number of results is presented in the third part of this article.
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Paris, Tim, Jeesun Kim, and Chris Davis. "Using EEG and stimulus context to probe the modelling of auditory-visual speech." Cortex 75 (February 2016): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.03.010.
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Leman, Marc. "The convergence paradigm, ecological modelling, and context‐dependent pitch perception*." Journal of New Music Research 26, no. 2 (June 1997): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09298219708570722.
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Leung, Angus, Dror Cohen, Bruno van Swinderen, and Naotsugu Tsuchiya. "Integrated information structure collapses with anesthetic loss of conscious arousal in Drosophila melanogaster." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e1008722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008722.
Full textAbstract:
The physical basis of consciousness remains one of the most elusive concepts in current science. One influential conjecture is that consciousness is to do with some form of causality, measurable through information. The integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) proposes that conscious experience, filled with rich and specific content, corresponds directly to a hierarchically organised, irreducible pattern of causal interactions; i.e. an integrated informational structure among elements of a system. Here, we tested this conjecture in a simple biological system (fruit flies), estimating the information structure of the system during wakefulness and general anesthesia. Consistent with this conjecture, we found that integrated interactions among populations of neurons during wakefulness collapsed to isolated clusters of interactions during anesthesia. We used classification analysis to quantify the accuracy of discrimination between wakeful and anesthetised states, and found that informational structures inferred conscious states with greater accuracy than a scalar summary of the structure, a measure which is generally championed as the main measure of IIT. In stark contrast to a view which assumes feedforward architecture for insect brains, especially fly visual systems, we found rich information structures, which cannot arise from purely feedforward systems, occurred across the fly brain. Further, these information structures collapsed uniformly across the brain during anesthesia. Our results speak to the potential utility of the novel concept of an “informational structure” as a measure for level of consciousness, above and beyond simple scalar values.
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Botai, Joel O., Christina M. Botai, Katlego P. Ncongwane, Sylvester Mpandeli, Luxon Nhamo, Muthoni Masinde, Abiodun M. Adeola, et al. "A Review of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041762.
Full textAbstract:
Notwithstanding the dispersed nature of the water, energy and food (WEF) nexus scholarship in the African continent, its strategic importance to the African agenda has gained widespread attention in research and planning circles. In this regard, the bibliometric science mapping and content analysis of the WEF nexus scientific publication trends, the conceptual, intellectual and social structures, as well as the inherent paradigmatic shifts in the WEF nexus body of knowledge in the African continent have been undertaken, using the nexus body of literature accessed from the Web of Science and Scopus core collection databases. The review results confirmed that, whilst the WEF nexus scholarship has expanded since 2013, there is also evidence of growth in the conceptual, intellectual and social structures of the WEF nexus in the African continent. These shifts have resulted in the emergence of hot topics (subfields) including modelling and optimization, climate variability and change, environmental ecosystem services sustainability, and sustainable development and livelihoods. The review further determined that these structures have evolved along two main perspectives of WEF nexus research development, i.e., the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary domains. In support of the interpretation of the visual analytics of the intellectual structure and changing patterns of the WEF nexus research, the shifts in positivist, interpretivist and pragmatic paradigmatic perspectives (these are underpinned by the ontology, epistemology, and methodology and methods) are considered when explaining WEF nexus research shifts: (a) From the unconnected silo paradigms that focus on water, energy and food (security concerns) to interconnected (and sometimes interdependent or nested) linkages or systems incorporating environmental, social-economic and political drivers (also viewed as subfields) in a bid to holistically support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across the African continent; and (b) in the evaluation of the WEF nexus scholarship based on novel analytical approaches. We contend that whilst the theories of science change underpin this apparent expansion, the macro-economic theory will find use in explaining how the WEF nexus research agenda is negotiated and the Integrative Environmental Governance (IEG) is the duly suited governance theory to bridge the inherent disconnect between WEF nexus output and governance processes uncovered in the literature. Overall, operational challenges and opportunities of the WEF nexus abound, transitioning the WEF nexus research to practice in Africa, motivating the need to take advantage of the scholar–practitioner research underpinnings, as contemplated in the transdisciplinary research approach, which is characterised by the dual quest for new knowledge and considerations of use. Yet, there is need for more coordinated and collaborative research to achieve impact and transition from WEF nexus thinking to WEF nexus practice.
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Lektauers, Arnis. "Multi-Agent Geosimulation of Urban Dynamics within the V-Devs Framework." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Computer Sciences 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10143-010-0007-9.
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Multi-Agent Geosimulation of Urban Dynamics within the V-Devs FrameworkIn recent years, a number of research efforts have focused on presenting solutions for modelling and simulation of urban systems using automata-based models allowing a transition from large scale, aggregate spatial representation in a static equilibrium to much finer scale disaggregate forms where dynamic processes are the primary focus of the simulation. In this paper a conceptual framework for integrating of agent-based models with cellular automata, geographic automata systems and geographic information systems in the context of modelling and simulation of urban systems is proposed. The proposed framework uses Visual Discrete Event System Specification (V-DEVS) that provides integrated modelling and simulation in a virtual interactive simulation environment, in a such way solving the existing problem that multi-agent systems and geographic information systems separately do not provide truly integrative modelling and simulation capabilities.
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De Amicis, Raffaele, Giuseppe Conti, Bruno Simões, Raimondo Lattuca, Nicolò Tosi, Stefano Piffer, and Giuseppe Pellitteri. "Geo-visual analytics for urban design in the context of future internet." International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 3, no. 2 (April 11, 2009): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12008-009-0060-1.
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Cutellic, Pierre. "Towards encoding shape features with visual event-related potential based brain–computer interface for generative design." International Journal of Architectural Computing 17, no. 1 (March 2019): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077119832465.
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This article will focus on abstracting and generalising a well-studied paradigm in visual, event-related potential based brain–computer interfaces, for the spelling of characters forming words, into the visually encoded discrimination of shape features forming design aggregates. After identifying typical technologies in neuroscience and neuropsychology of high interest for integrating fast cognitive responses into generative design and proposing the machine learning model of an ensemble of linear classifiers in order to tackle the challenging features that electroencephalography data carry, it will present experiments in encoding shape features for generative models by a mechanism of visual context updating and the computational implementation of vision as inverse graphics, to suggest that discriminative neural phenomena of event-related potentials such as P300 may be used in a visual articulation strategy for modelling in generative design.
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Haque, M. Aminul. "A Statistical Comparison of Mathematical Models for Heavy Metal Leaching Phenomena from Solidified Landfill Waste Mortar." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2015-0046.
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Abstract In this research, landfill solid waste was solidified as cement-waste matrix to protect the environment from excessive intrusive contaminants like Fe, Cu and Ni and minimize the waste load. Within this context, ingredients of cement-waste mortar were characterized to determine their physical properties. Long-term feasibility study was conducted to examine the metal contents stabilization by employing the standard mass transfer-leaching test. The cumulative leaching concentration of Fe, Cu and Ni were found to be 1.29 mg/l, 0.18 mg/l and 0.63 mg/l respectively up to 180 days static leaching test period that satisfied the surface water quality standard. Mechanical strength test was also conducted to characterize the solidification technique. Five well-established non-linear mathematical Models were conducted to evaluate the mechanisms of Fe, Cu and Ni migration. Goodness of fit statistical parameter analysis and visual examination indicated that polynomial equation Model is better for explaining the experimentally generated data. Moreover, parameter of polynomial equation was extended from five to nine for examining the best calibration profile to the observations. In context of slope-intercept and visual observation analysis resulted that polynomial equation based Model bearing five parameters with 0.5 power interval of each parameter describes the leaching phenomena quite similar with the experimental observations whereas goodness of fit parameters and information criterion shows reverse. It was found that the studied immobilized landfill waste mortar have acceptable mechanical performance that confirms to be used as construction material.
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Andrade, Manuel. "Colour-dependent accurate modelling of dynamical parallaxes and masses of visual binaries." Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (September 26, 2019): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936199.
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Context. Two fundamental characteristics of binary systems are the masses of their components and their distance to the Earth. In this way, the dynamical parallax is an accurate and very helpful tool. Nevertheless, there has been some concern with regard to the use of a unique linear mass–luminosity relation (MLR) for the entire main sequence (MS). Aims. This article describes the accurate computation of both dynamical parallaxes and individual masses of visual binaries. The main aim is to formulate a model which would be suitable for binary systems attending to the exact locations of the components on the MS in the HR diagram. Methods. An analytical model was developed which allows calculation of dynamical parallaxes and individual masses using a non-linear MLR valid for the entire MS. This up-to-date MLR is given by a polynomial of degree 20. In contrast to previous approaches, this model can be applied even in the case of components with unequal masses, that is, with an arbitrarily large difference of magnitudes between them. On the other hand, considering the fundamental equation of the theory that forms the basis of the model, we propose to estimate uncertainties in parallax and masses using Monte Carlo simulations. Results. The model was validated by means of numerical tests using a synthetic sample comprising 103 systems. The results are much more accurate than those for previous models reported in the literature for deriving dynamical parallaxes and masses. Furthermore, we present dynamical parallaxes and individual masses for the 19 double-lined spectro-interferometric systems with definitive visual orbits and compare the former with the orbital parallaxes as well as with those measured by HIPPARCOS and Gaia. It is worth mentioning that the latter can only be a reliable source when the orbital motion is taken into account. Thus, at present, many Gaia DR2 parallaxes of binaries are biased. Conclusions. Our model, composed of an exact analytical theory, along with a non-linear MLR, guarantees high accuracy even in cases where the components are of unequal mass.
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Giovanna Mancini, Maria, and Luigi Sauro. "A Conceptual Model for Art Criticism." Život umjetnosti, no. 105 (December 31, 2019): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31664/zu.2019.105.06.
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In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the different acceptations and practices of art criticism. This investigation underpins a novel conceptual modelling that extends Cidoc CRM and has been specifically designed to semantically annotate art criticism-related data and documents in order to enhance in this context interoperability and more efficient data retrieval.
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Palmer, Colin J., Nathan Caruana, Colin W. G. Clifford, and Kiley J. Seymour. "Adaptive sensory coding of gaze direction in schizophrenia." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 12 (December 2018): 180886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180886.
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Schizophrenia has been associated with differences in how the visual system processes sensory input. A fundamental mechanism that regulates sensory processing in the brain is gain control, whereby the responses of sensory neurons to a given stimulus are modulated in accordance with the spatial and temporal context. Some studies indicate an impairment of certain cortical gain control mechanisms in schizophrenia in low-level vision, reflected, for instance, in how the visual appearance of a stimulus is affected by the presence of other stimuli around it. In the present study, we investigated higher-level, social vision in schizophrenia, namely the perception of other people's direction of gaze (i.e. a type of face processing). Recent computational modelling work indicates that perceptual aftereffects—changes in perception that occur following repeated exposure to faces that display a specific direction of gaze—are indicative of two distinct forms of gain control involved in the coding of gaze direction across sensory neurons. We find that individuals with schizophrenia display strong perceptual aftereffects following repeated exposure to faces with averted gaze, and a modelling analysis indicates similarly robust gain control in the form of (i) short-term adjustment of channel sensitivities in response to the recent sensory history and (ii) divisive normalization of the encoded gaze direction. Together, this speaks to the typical coding of other people's direction of gaze in the visual system in schizophrenia, including flexible gain control, despite the social–cognitive impairments that can occur in this condition.