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Journal articles on the topic 'Visual awarene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Webb, Taylor W., Kajsa M. Igelström, Aaron Schurger, and Michael S. A. Graziano. "Cortical networks involved in visual awareness independent of visual attention." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 48 (November 14, 2016): 13923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611505113.

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It is now well established that visual attention, as measured with standard spatial attention tasks, and visual awareness, as measured by report, can be dissociated. It is possible to attend to a stimulus with no reported awareness of the stimulus. We used a behavioral paradigm in which people were aware of a stimulus in one condition and unaware of it in another condition, but the stimulus drew a similar amount of spatial attention in both conditions. The paradigm allowed us to test for brain regions active in association with awareness independent of level of attention. Participants performed the task in an MRI scanner. We looked for brain regions that were more active in the aware than the unaware trials. The largest cluster of activity was obtained in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) bilaterally. Local independent component analysis (ICA) revealed that this activity contained three distinct, but overlapping, components: a bilateral, anterior component; a left dorsal component; and a right dorsal component. These components had brain-wide functional connectivity that partially overlapped the ventral attention network and the frontoparietal control network. In contrast, no significant activity in association with awareness was found in the banks of the intraparietal sulcus, a region connected to the dorsal attention network and traditionally associated with attention control. These results show the importance of separating awareness and attention when testing for cortical substrates. They are also consistent with a recent proposal that awareness is associated with ventral attention areas, especially in the TPJ.

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2

Lomas, C. A., D. Piggins, and C. J. C. Phillips. "Visual awareness." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 57, no. 3-4 (May 1998): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(98)00100-2.

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3

Celesia, Gastone G. "Visual Perception and Awareness." Journal of Psychophysiology 24, no. 2 (January 2010): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000014.

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The study of visual processing and abnormalities due to lesions of cortical structures sheds light on visual awareness/consciousness and may help us to better understand consciousness. We report on clinical observations and psychophysical testing of achromatopsia/prosopagnosia, visual agnosia, and blindsight. Achromatopsia and prosopagnosia reveal that visual cortices have functionally specialized processing systems for color, face perception, and their awareness, and that furthermore these systems operate independently. Dysfunction is limited to some aspects of visual perception; someone with achromatopsia, although not conscious of color, is aware of the objects’ form, motion, and their relationship with sound and other sensory percepts. Perceptual awareness is modular, with neuronal correlates represented by multiple separate specialized structures or modules. Visual agnosia shows that awareness of a complete visual percept is absent, though the subject is aware of single visual features such as edges, motion, etc., an indication that visual agnosia is a disruption of the binding process that unifies all information into a whole percept. Blindsight is characterized by the subject’s ability to localize a visual target while denying actually seeing the target. Blindsight is mediated by residual islands of the visual cortex, which suggests that sensory modules responsible for awareness can function only when structurally intact. We conclude (1) that perceptual awareness (consciousness?) is modular, and (2) that perceptual integration is also modular, which suggests that integration among distinct cortical regions is a parallel process with multiple communication pathways. Any hypothesis about consciousness must include these observations about the presence of multiple parallel, but spatially and temporally different, mechanisms.

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4

Tong, Frank. "Primary visual cortex and visual awareness." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4, no. 3 (March 2003): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1055.

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5

Revonsuo, Antti. "Visual perception and subjective visual awareness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 6 (December 1998): 769–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98461752.

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Pessoa et al. fail to make a clear distinction between visual perception and subjective visual awareness. Their most controversial claims, however, concern subjective visual awareness rather than visual perception: visual awareness is externalized to the “personal level,” thus denying the view that consciousness is a natural biological phenomenon somehow constructed inside the brain.

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6

Hardcastle, Valerie Gray. "Visual perception is not visual awareness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (October 2001): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01360119.

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O'Regan & Noë mistakenly identify visual processing with visual experience. I outline some reasons why this is a mistake, taking my data and arguments mainly from the literature on subliminal processing.

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7

SCHWENKLER, JOHN. "Does Visual Spatial Awareness Require the Visual Awareness of Space?" Mind & Language 27, no. 3 (June 2012): 308–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2012.01446.x.

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8

Newsome, William T. "Visual attention: Spotlights, highlights and visual awareness." Current Biology 6, no. 4 (April 1996): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00494-3.

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9

Balsdon, Tarryn, and Colin W. G. Clifford. "Visual processing: conscious until proven otherwise." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 171783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171783.

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Unconscious perception, or perception without awareness, describes a situation where an observer's behaviour is influenced by a stimulus of which they have no phenomenal awareness. Perception without awareness is often claimed on the basis of a difference in thresholds for tasks that do and do not require awareness, for example, detecting the stimulus (requiring awareness) and making accurate judgements about the stimulus (based on unconscious processing). Although a difference in thresholds would be expected if perceptual evidence were processed without awareness, such a difference does not necessitate that this is actually occurring: a difference in thresholds can also arise from response bias, or through task differences. Here we ask instead whether the pattern of performance could be obtained if the observer were aware of the evidence used in making their decisions. A backwards masking paradigm was designed using digits as target stimuli, with difficulty controlled by the time between target and mask. Performance was measured over three tasks: detection, graphic discrimination and semantic discrimination. Despite finding significant differences in thresholds measured using proportion correct, and in observer sensitivity, modelling suggests that these differences were not the result of perception without awareness. That is, the observer was not relying solely on unconscious information to make decisions.

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10

Florin, Ulrika, and Yvonne Eriksson. "Visual Awareness Aiding Communication." International Journal of Visual Design 14, no. 2 (2020): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1581/cgp/v14i02/21-33.

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11

Lunghi, Claudia, Luca Lo Verde, and David Alais. "Touch Accelerates Visual Awareness." i-Perception 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 204166951668698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669516686986.

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To efficiently interact with the external environment, our nervous system combines information arising from different sensory modalities. Recent evidence suggests that cross-modal interactions can be automatic and even unconscious, reflecting the ecological relevance of cross-modal processing. Here, we use continuous flash suppression (CFS) to directly investigate whether haptic signals can interact with visual signals outside of visual awareness. We measured suppression durations of visual gratings rendered invisible by CFS either during visual stimulation alone or during visuo-haptic stimulation. We found that active exploration of a haptic grating congruent in orientation with the suppressed visual grating reduced suppression durations both compared with visual-only stimulation and to incongruent visuo-haptic stimulation. We also found that the facilitatory effect of touch on visual suppression disappeared when the visual and haptic gratings were mismatched in either spatial frequency or orientation. Together, these results demonstrate that congruent touch can accelerate the rise to consciousness of a suppressed visual stimulus and that this unconscious cross-modal interaction depends on visuo-haptic congruency. Furthermore, since CFS suppression is thought to occur early in visual cortical processing, our data reinforce the evidence suggesting that visuo-haptic interactions can occur at the earliest stages of cortical processing.

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12

Montaser, L., R. Rajimehr, S. R. Afraz, and H. Esteky. "Visual illusion without awareness." Journal of Vision 2, no. 7 (March 15, 2010): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.20.

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13

YOUNG, ANDREW W., and EDWARD H. F. HAAN. "Impariments of Visual awareness." Mind & Language 5, no. 1 (March 1990): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.1990.tb00151.x.

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14

KENNEDY, MATTHEW J. "Visual Awareness of Properties." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 75, no. 2 (September 2007): 298–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2007.00077.x.

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15

Cham, J., and S. H. Cheung. "Crowding without visual awareness." Journal of Vision 9, no. 8 (September 3, 2010): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.991.

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16

Wexler, Mark. "Waves of visual awareness." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5, no. 10 (October 2001): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01780-0.

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17

Azzopardi, Paul, and Alan Cowey. "Blindsight and Visual Awareness." Consciousness and Cognition 7, no. 3 (September 1998): 292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ccog.1998.0358.

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18

Meital-Kfir, Noya, Yoram Bonneh, and Dov Sagi. "Visual representations in the absence of visual awareness." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.1038.

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19

Silvanto, Juha. "Is primary visual cortex necessary for visual awareness?" Trends in Neurosciences 37, no. 11 (November 2014): 618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2014.09.006.

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20

Arum, Aghnessia, Alies Lintangsari, and Widya Perdhani. "English Phonemic Awareness of Students with Visual Disabilities." IJDS: Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 01 (May 31, 2021): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2021.008.01.15.

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Most of researches have reported the significance of English phonemic awareness to the success of learning English, but less discussions involving students with visual disabilities. Students with visual disabilities lacks of visual input and form a strong sensitivity to audio input, researches have reported that this condition affect their spelling ability, yet, their ability in recognizing English phonemes has been less explored especially in Indonesia. Thus, this research aims to describe the phonemic awareness of students with visual disabilities who learn English as Foreign Language. The participants of this research are students with visual disabilities whether active or passive braille user. 7 students with visual disabilities participated in an Online English Phonemic Awareness Test. Two independent raters rated the data independently. Interrater agreement was applied to ensure the objectivity of two independent interrater. The findings show that students with visual disabilities are aware of consonants Fricative alveolar, Plosive bilabial, and Plosive alveolar sounds but struggling with Fricative velar and Affricative velar sound, they are also aware of vowels Close mid front vowel, Close front long vowel sounds, Close mid back vowel and Open central vowel but struggling in identifying Open back vowel, Close mid central vowel, and Open mid back vowel. English phonemic awareness is a very important basic thing in language learning. However, it will be very challenging for ESL learners, especially those who learn are blind students because of certain obstacles that blind students have so that strategies are needed in language learning.

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21

Sawada, Yasuji. "The Aspects, the Origin, and the Merit of Aware Computing." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/760908.

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In this paper we tried to understand scientifically the awareness, a daily word. Some aspects of awareness, such as qualitative or quantitative, the targets of awareness, either the external world or the internal world, were discussed. Suggestion on the human awareness was described from the experimental results of visual hand tracking. The origin and the merit of awareness in the process of evolution of animals were discussed. Finally some characters of possible aware computers and aware robots were studied.

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22

Pollen, Daniel A. "Cortical areas in visual awareness." Nature 377, no. 6547 (September 1995): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377293b0.

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23

Crick, Francis, and Christof Koch. "Cortical areas in visual awareness." Nature 377, no. 6547 (September 1995): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377294a0.

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24

Driver, Jon, and Jason B. Mattingley. "Parietal neglect and visual awareness." Nature Neuroscience 1, no. 1 (May 1998): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/217.

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25

Crick, F., and C. Koch. "Some Reflections on Visual Awareness." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 55 (January 1, 1990): 953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1990.055.01.089.

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26

van Ee, R. "Visual awareness and voluntary control." Journal of Vision 5, no. 8 (September 1, 2005): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.8.707.

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27

Stein, Timo, Daniel Kaiser, and Marius V. Peelen. "Interobject grouping facilitates visual awareness." Journal of Vision 15, no. 8 (June 26, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.8.10.

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28

Simons, Daniel J., and Ronald A. Rensink. "Induced Failures of Visual Awareness." Journal of Vision 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.1.i.

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29

Hesselmann, Guido. "Dissecting Visual Awareness with fMRI." Neuroscientist 19, no. 5 (April 18, 2013): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858413485988.

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30

Andrews, Timothy J. "Binocular rivalry and visual awareness." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5, no. 10 (October 2001): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01756-3.

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31

VanRullen, R., and C. Koch. "The capacity of visual awareness." Journal of Vision 1, no. 3 (March 14, 2010): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/1.3.209.

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32

Logethetis, Nikos. "Object vision and visual awareness." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 8, no. 4 (August 1998): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80043-3.

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33

Braun, Alisa, and Timothy D. Sweeny. "Anisotropic visual awareness of shapes." Vision Research 156 (March 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.01.002.

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34

Milner, A. D. "Cerebral correlates of visual awareness." Neuropsychologia 33, no. 9 (September 1995): 1117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(95)00052-5.

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35

Blake, R., D. Tadin, K. V. Sobel, T. A. Raissian, and S. C. Chong. "Strength of early visual adaptation depends on visual awareness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 12 (March 13, 2006): 4783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509634103.

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36

Gayet, Surya, Chris Paffen, Artem Belopolsky, Jan Theeuwes, and Stefan Van der Stigchel. "Fear conditioned visual information is prioritized for visual awareness." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.384.

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37

Tadin, D., R. Blake, and S. C. Chong. "Strength of early visual adaptation depends on visual awareness." Journal of Vision 6, no. 6 (March 24, 2010): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.6.698.

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38

Grabowecky, Marcia, Emmanuel Guzman-Martinez, Laura Ortega, and Satoru Suzuki. "An invisible speaker can facilitate auditory speech perception." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647801.

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Watching moving lips facilitates auditory speech perception when the mouth is attended. However, recent evidence suggests that visual attention and awareness are mediated by separate mechanisms. We investigated whether lip movements suppressed from visual awareness can facilitate speech perception. We used a word categorization task in which participants listened to spoken words and determined as quickly and accurately as possible whether or not each word named a tool. While participants listened to the words they watched a visual display that presented a video clip of the speaker synchronously speaking the auditorily presented words, or the same speaker articulating different words. Critically, the speaker’s face was either visible (the aware trials), or suppressed from awareness using continuous flash suppression. Aware and suppressed trials were randomly intermixed. A secondary probe-detection task ensured that participants attended to the mouth region regardless of whether the face was visible or suppressed. On the aware trials responses to the tool targets were no faster with the synchronous than asynchronous lip movements, perhaps because the visual information was inconsistent with the auditory information on 50% of the trials. However, on the suppressed trials responses to the tool targets were significantly faster with the synchronous than asynchronous lip movements. These results demonstrate that even when a random dynamic mask renders a face invisible, lip movements are processed by the visual system with sufficiently high temporal resolution to facilitate speech perception.

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39

Raleigh, Thomas. "Visual Experience and Demonstrative Thought." Disputatio 4, no. 30 (May 1, 2011): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2011-0005.

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Abstract I raise a problem for common-factor theories of experience concerning the demonstrative thoughts we form on the basis of experience. Building on an insight of Paul Snowdon 1992, I argue that in order to demonstratively refer to an item via conscious awareness of a distinct intermediary the subject must have some understanding that she is aware of a distinct intermediary. This becomes an issue for common-factor theories insofar as it is also widely agreed that the general, pre-philosophical or ‘naïve’ view of experience does not accept that in normal perceptual cases one is consciously aware of non-environmental (inner, mental) features. I argue then that the standard common-factor view of experience should be committed to attributing quite widespread referential errors or failures amongst the general, non-philosophical populace – which seems an unattractively radical commitment. After clarifying the various assumptions I am making about experience and demonstrative thoughts, I consider a number of possible responses on behalf of the common-factor theorist. I finish by arguing that my argument should apply to any common-factor theory, not just avowedly ‘indirect’ theories.

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40

Nguyen, Thang, Youngmin Jeong, Dung Trinh, and Hyundong Shin. "Location-aware visual radios." IEEE Wireless Communications 21, no. 4 (August 2014): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2014.6882293.

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41

Ming Yang, Ying Wu, and Gang Hua. "Context-Aware Visual Tracking." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 31, no. 7 (July 2009): 1195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2008.146.

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42

Liu, Bin, Ralph R. Martin, Ji-Wu Huang, and Shi-Min Hu. "Structure Aware Visual Cryptography." Computer Graphics Forum 33, no. 7 (October 2014): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12482.

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43

Jackson, Georgina M., Tracy Shepherd, Sven C. Mueller, Masid Husain, and Stephen R. Jackson. "Dorsal Simultanagnosia: an Impairment of Visual Processing or Visual Awareness?" Cortex 42, no. 5 (January 2006): 740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70412-x.

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44

Lamme, Victor A. F., Hans Supèr, Rogier Landman, Pieter R. Roelfsema, and Henk Spekreijse. "The role of primary visual cortex (V1) in visual awareness." Vision Research 40, no. 10-12 (June 2000): 1507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00243-6.

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45

Travers, Eoin, Chris D. Frith, and Nicholas Shea. "Learning rapidly about the relevance of visual cues requires conscious awareness." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 8 (January 1, 2018): 1698–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1373834.

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Humans have been shown to be capable of performing many cognitive tasks using information of which they are not consciously aware. This raises questions about what role consciousness actually plays in cognition. Here, we explored whether participants can learn cue-target contingencies in an attentional learning task when the cues were presented below the level of conscious awareness and how this differs from learning about conscious cues. Participants’ manual (Experiment 1) and saccadic (Experiment 2) response speeds were influenced by both conscious and unconscious cues. However, participants were only able to adapt to reversals of the cue-target contingencies (Experiment 1) or changes in the reliability of the cues (Experiment 2) when consciously aware of the cues. Therefore, although visual cues can be processed unconsciously, learning about cues over a few trials requires conscious awareness of them. Finally, we discuss implications for cognitive theories of consciousness.

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46

Guinibert, Matthew. "Learn from your environment: A visual literacy learning model." Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 36, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5200.

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Based on the presupposition that visual literacy skills are not usually learned unaided by osmosis, but require targeted learning support, this article explores how everyday encounters with visuals can be leveraged as contingent learning opportunities. The author proposes that a learner’s environment can become a visual learning space if appropriate learning support is provided. This learning support may be delivered via the anytime and anywhere capabilities of mobile learning (m-learning), which facilitates peer learning in informal settings. The study propositioned a rhizomatic m-learning model of visual skills that describes how the visuals one encounters in their physical everyday environment can be leveraged as visual literacy learning opportunities. The model was arrived at by following an approach based on heuristic inquiry and user-centred design, including testing prototypes with representative learners. The model describes one means visual literacy could be achieved by novice learners from contingent learning encounters in informal learning environments, through collaboration and by providing context-aware learning support. Such a model shifts the onus of visual literacy learning away from academic programmes and, in this way, opens an alternative pathway for the learning of visual skills. Implications for practice or policy: This research proposes a means for learners to leverage visuals they encounter in their physical everyday environment as visual literacy learning opportunities. M-learning software developers may find the pedagogical model useful in informing their own software. Educators teaching visual skills may find application of the learning model’s pedagogical assumptions in isolation in their own formal learning settings.

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47

Kim, Hee Kee, and So Jung Kim. "The effect of VMD (visual merchandising) components of foodservice companies on brand awareness and purchase intention." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research 32, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21298/ijthr.2018.07.32.7.183.

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48

Kéri, Szabolcs. "Postdiction in Visual Awareness in Schizophrenia." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12060198.

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Background: The mistiming of predictive thought and real perception leads to postdiction in awareness. Individuals with high delusive thinking confuse prediction and perception, which results in impaired reality testing. The present observational study investigated how antipsychotic medications and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) modulate postdiction in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that treatment reduces postdiction, especially when antipsychotics and CBT are combined. Methods: We enrolled patients with schizophrenia treated in a natural clinical setting and not in a randomized controlled trial. We followed up two schizophrenia groups matched for age, sex, education, and illness duration: patients on antipsychotics (n = 25) or antipsychotics plus CBT (n = 25). The treating clinician assigned the patients to the two groups. Participants completed a postdiction and a temporal discrimination task at weeks 0 and 12. Results: At week 0, postdiction was enhanced in patients relative to controls at a short prediction–perception time interval, which correlated with PANSS positive symptoms and delusional conviction. At week 12, postdiction was reduced in schizophrenia, especially when they received antipsychotics plus CBT. Patients with schizophrenia were also impaired on the temporal discrimination task, which did not change during the treatment. During the 12-week observational period, all PANSS scores were significantly reduced in both clinical groups, but the positive symptoms and emotional distress exhibited a more pronounced response in the antipsychotics plus CBT group. Conclusion: Perceptual postdiction is a putative neurocognitive marker of delusive thinking. Combined treatment with antipsychotics and CBT significantly ameliorates abnormally elevated postdiction in schizophrenia.

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49

Chai-Youn Kim. "Neural Theories of Conscious Visual Awareness." Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology 19, no. 3 (September 2007): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.3.001.

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50

Plass, John, Emmanuel Guzman-Martinez, Laura Ortega, Satoru Suzuki, and Marcia Grabowecky. "Automatic auditory disambiguation of visual awareness." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 79, no. 7 (June 20, 2017): 2055–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1355-0.

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