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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Visual accessibility'
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Michailidou, Eleni. "Visual complexity rankings and accessibility metrics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525989.
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Swetz, Mark. "Blind spectatorship : directing, dramaturgy and non-visual accessibility." Thesis, Central School of Speech and Drama, 2012. http://crco.cssd.ac.uk/305/.
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Using the social model of disability as a catalyst, this practice as research project starts with the understanding that theatre can disable some of its spectators. Contemporary theatre is conventionally visual. If a theatregoer has low or no vision she or he can be disable by theatre. An investigation of historic directing practice and dramaturgy will demonstrate an ocular bias in contemporary performance. A theatre director is in a unique position to counter this bias and influence opening performance to those with visual impairments or blindness. The idea of blind spectatorship is a provocation for directors and theatre makers. What are popular and experiential definitions of blindness and how might these ideas influence conceptions of an audience? How does theatre disable someone with low or no-vision? What can a director do to open performance to a blind or visually impaired spectator? Audio description interviews with audience members and access specialists, the practice of theatre companies like Extant and Graeae and an Affirmative Model of Disability frame and inform this study. It will be argued that access strategies for the visually impaired or blind, outside of a very few companies, are not widely considered within an artistic purview. This thesis aims to place these access responsibilities firmly within a director’s control and considerations. By locating this study in my own directing practice, I can demonstrate how performance can be opened to a broader audience. Four fully produced stage plays covering a range of performance styles (kōläzh, 2006; Foto, 2010; In the Tunnel, 2010; Variations on the Death of Trotsky, 2012) and several laboratory experiments focused on elements of staging, production, directorial intent and perceptive intersections of access are used to question and exhibit the findings of this study. Sonic dramaturgy emerges as a particularly useful tool for theatre makers and an economic and scalable balance to visual conventions.
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Sumberg, Audrey. "The influence of format on accessibility /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12243.
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Leung, Raymond Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Scalable video compression with optimized visual performance and random accessibility." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24192.
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This thesis is concerned with maximizing the coding efficiency, random accessibility and visual performance of scalable compressed video. The unifying theme behind this work is the use of finely embedded localized coding structures, which govern the extent to which these goals may be jointly achieved. The first part focuses on scalable volumetric image compression. We investigate 3D transform and coding techniques which exploit inter-slice statistical redundancies without compromising slice accessibility. Our study shows that the motion-compensated temporal discrete wavelet transform (MC-TDWT) practically achieves an upper bound to the compression efficiency of slice transforms. From a video coding perspective, we find that most of the coding gain is attributed to offsetting the learning penalty in adaptive arithmetic coding through 3D code-block extension, rather than inter-frame context modelling. The second aspect of this thesis examines random accessibility. Accessibility refers to the ease with which a region of interest is accessed (subband samples needed for reconstruction are retrieved) from a compressed video bitstream, subject to spatiotemporal code-block constraints. We investigate the fundamental implications of motion compensation for random access efficiency and the compression performance of scalable interactive video. We demonstrate that inclusion of motion compensation operators within the lifting steps of a temporal subband transform incurs a random access penalty which depends on the characteristics of the motion field. The final aspect of this thesis aims to minimize the perceptual impact of visible distortion in scalable reconstructed video. We present a visual optimization strategy based on distortion scaling which raises the distortion-length slope of perceptually significant samples. This alters the codestream embedding order during post-compression rate-distortion optimization, thus allowing visually sensitive sites to be encoded with higher fidelity at a given bit-rate. For visual sensitivity analysis, we propose a contrast perception model that incorporates an adaptive masking slope. This versatile feature provides a context which models perceptual significance. It enables scene structures that otherwise suffer significant degradation to be preserved at lower bit-rates. The novelty in our approach derives from a set of "perceptual mappings" which account for quantization noise shaping effects induced by motion-compensated temporal synthesis. The proposed technique reduces wavelet compression artefacts and improves the perceptual quality of video.
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FaÃanha, Agebson Rocha. "A Proposal paragraph accessibility and tactile visual electromagnetic devices touch screen." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8692.
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The use of touchscreen interfaces on smart phones and tablets bring tremendous benefits of connectivity and usability for their users. However, access to information via these devices represents a new challenge of interaction for users with visual impairments, after all, they have a glassy surface, with many visual elements, without reference to embossed tactile exploration. In this context, the study presents the main assistive technology to facilitate interaction of the visually impaired with touchscreen mobile devices and describes the fundamental aspects in an affordable touchscreen interface.
From accessibility requirements found in the research, a group of three applications was
designed and implemented (LÃBraille - Text Editor; LÃBrailleTWT - Twitter Client and
LÃBrailleSMS - Setting send / receive SMS) with accessible interface via audible and
tactile feedback, the Android platform. The proposals were evaluated by a group of
visually impaired users. Although there were rates to be improved with respect to time
for performing operations on input data, was possible to obtain improvements in the use
of the touchscreen technology.<br>O uso de interfaces touchscreen em smartphones e tablets traz enormes benefÃcios de conectividade e usabilidade para seus usuÃrios. Contudo, o acesso à informaÃÃo atravÃs desses dispositivos representa um novo desafio de interaÃÃo para os usuÃrios com deficiÃncia visual, afinal possuem uma superfÃcie vÃtrea, com diversos elementos visuais, sem uma referÃncia em relevo para exploraÃÃo tÃctil. Nesse contexto, este trabalho de mestrado apresenta um estudo das principais tecnologias para facilitar a interaÃÃo do deficiente visual com dispositivos mÃveis touchscreen e elucida aspectos considerados fundamentais em uma interface touchscreen acessÃvel. Seguindo os requisitos de acessibilidade propostos, foi concebida e implementada uma suÃte com trÃs aplicativos (LÃBraille - Editor de texto; LÃBrailleTWT â Cliente Twitter e LÃBrailleSMS â Software de envio/recebimento de mensagens SMS) com interface acessÃvel atravÃs de feedbacks sonoros e tÃcteis, na plataforma Android. As propostas foram avaliadas por um grupo de usuÃrios deficientes visuais. E apesar de percentuais a serem melhorados em relaÃÃo ao tempo para execuÃÃo de operaÃÃes na entrada de dados, jà foi possÃvel obter avanÃos na utilizaÃÃo da tecnologia pelos mesmos.
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Thorén, Tobias. "Exploring visual accessibility and why it is missing on the internet." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43299.
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The internet is becoming the primary channel for many daily tasks, services and necessities. The information and services available on the internet should be accessible to everyone, especially when the only channel available is the internet. For the visually impaired the internet can be a great asset, but also an impossible barrier depending on how the website has been implemented. The goal of this paper was to explore why accessibility for the visually impaired on the internet is not more widespread, and what factors affect the creation of visually accessible websites. Through creating an evaluation method and assessing it, along with end-user as well as developer interviews and feedback we find indicators that the root cause of the issue is multi-factored. Education, resources and directive from clients and superiors seem to be the major culprits.
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Kamw, Farah Shleemon. "UTILIZING BIG TRAJECTORY DATA FOR URBAN VISUAL ANALYTICS AND ACCESSIBILITY STUDIES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1555254527369841.
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Kim, Hyung Nam. "Usable Accessibility and Haptic User Interface Design Approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26880.
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Many people have visual impairment and make up a population that is increasing each year. Haptic technology is often used to assist members of this population by providing a way of understanding visual information. Although haptic technology is relatively new, it is widely applied across a variety of domains (research and industry). However, a great number of users are dissatisfied with their assistive technology applications. Unfortunately, such dissatisfaction is likely to cause abandonment of the technology devices. In particular, recent research shows that the adoption rate of haptic technology is low. Discontinuing the use of assistive technology devices ultimately results in a waste of time, money, freedom, and reduced function for individuals with disabilities. Of all the factors that lead to abandonment, the most significant is the failure to meet user needs. Whether existing design approaches properly reflect assistive technology user needs should be explored, especially for haptic technology.
Existing design approaches have rarely considered the heterogeneous needs of users in the same disability category (i.e., visual disability). Most previous studies on assistive technology have been oriented towards those with total blindness as opposed to those with residual vision (also referred to as low vision). In addition, researchers have paid less attention to older adults with low vision in terms of individual differences in haptic user interface (HUI) needs. There is also some doubt about the applicability of existing design approaches in such design contexts as users with visual disabilities using haptic user interfaces.
The aim of this research was to investigate individual differences in usersâ capabilities in the haptic modality and user needs in HUIs. Particularly, age-related and vision-related individual differences were explored. Another aim was to develop a more accessible design approach applicable to users with visual disabilities and HUIs.
The magnitude estimation technique was employed to examine how participants (classified by vision and age) perceive the same objective stimulus, such as haptic perception, differently. Brain plasticity theory was primarily applied to modify the existing design approach, PICTIVE. The effectiveness of modified and original PICTIVE methods was investigated in terms of the frequency of statements, gestures, satisfaction, and time to complete a given design task. HUI user needs were elicited from participants and were analyzed to understand age-related and vision-related individual differences.
It was found that the haptic perception of the same objective stimulus was not significantly different between younger and older participants with low vision. The two age groupsâ overall preferences for a set of HUI user needs were not significantly different. In addition, the haptic perception of the same objective stimulus was not significantly different between sighted participants and those with low vision. The two vision groupsâ overall preferences on a set of HUI user needs were not significantly different as well. The two design methods resulted in significantly different outcomes. First, participants in the modified PICTIVE method made a significantly higher number of statements. Second, participants in the modified PICTIVE method showed a significantly higher number of gestures. Third, participants in the modified PICTIVE method took significantly more time because they had more design ideas to deliver. Last, both groups were satisfied with a given design method.
In short, the research outcomes contribute to the advancement of knowledge and understanding of more â usableâ accessibility for users with visual impairment and a more â accessibleâ participatory design approach to nontraditional user interfaces (i.e., haptic user interfaces) for users with visual impairment.<br>Ph. D.
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Rendall, Meredith B. "Actual Accessibility: A Study of Cultural Institution Web Content." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/402.
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In 1998, the United States Congress amended Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act to require federal agencies to make electronic and information technology accessible. The first accessibility guidelines from the World Wide Web Consortium’s Web Accessibility Initiative, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0, were published in 1999. This study tests the usable accessibility of cultural institution web sites. Four cultural institution web sites were selected, two that were WCAG 1.0 compliant and that were not, were selected for evaluation. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted. Significant differences were found in the perceived usability of the guideline-compliant web sites; significance was found for one of three tasks. Overall, the guideline-compliant sites received higher usability ratings, but the task completion rates did not support a claim of greater usability.
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Moyers, Timothy Scott. "Pragmatism, eclecticism and accessibility in composing and improvising electroacoustic and audiovisual work." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6697/.
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One of the primary focuses in the works presented and discussed herein is the juxtaposition of many disparate musical styles, recordings, and sound worlds within each individual piece. This juxtaposition extends to combining live improvisation meticulously created non-realtime elements, and elements of generative processes in the creation of individual works. A secondary theme is my attitude to accessibility and how this informs my work with audiovisual elements.
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Xiong, Lina. "Web accessibility study of U.S. based hospitality websites." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 90 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605142261&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ondin, Zerrin. "Experiences of the Students with Blindness and Visual Impairments in Online Learning Environments with regards to Instructional Media." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64393.
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Accessibility is a very important criterion to make online learning inclusive to students with different abilities. According to Burgstahler, Corrigan and McCarter (2004) unless design of the courses are accessible to all students, including those with disabilities, the ultimate goal of distance learning to make education available to everyone cannot be accomplished. However, accessibility is rarely a priority for online course developers and students with disabilities are not considered as a large group (Treviranus and Roberts, 2006). This exploratory case study investigated the experiences of the students with visual impairment in online learning environments with regards to media used in their courses with the intent of providing suggestions for accessible media design. Media included text, visuals (pictures, diagrams, charts, and graphs), audio, and multimedia (video and animation) used in online learning environments. This study used a purposive sampling technique and participants who are visually impaired, who had an online course experience, and who are older than 18 years old were included in the study. A semi-structured interview protocol was developed and participants were asked about challenges they experienced and what worked well for them in terms of media in online learning environment. Because of the lack of scientific research examining design of online learning for students with visual impairment, this dissertation fills an important research gap and also makes contributions to the field of Instructional Design and Technology by providing students' perspectives and suggestions for accessible design. Suggestions provided in this study is valuable in terms of designing accessible online courses and that there is a lack of information and guidance for answering the needs of students with visual impairment in online learning environments.<br>Ph. D.
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Kuakiatwong, Salinee. "Evaluating web accessibility and usability for totally blind users at Thailand Cyber University." Thesis, Boston University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32785.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University<br>Research suggests that web-based education increases opportunities for underserved populations to be integrated into educational activities (Schmetzke, 2001; Burgstahler, 2002; Opitz, Savenye, & Rowland, 2003). This may be true for students with disabilities because they have more flexibility to participate in formal education. However, Moisey (2004) found that people with disabilities had lower rates of enrollment and educational achievement than people without disabilities. These findings raise the question of whether or not web-based = education helps increase students with disabilities' access to learning opportunities and improve their learning outcome.
This study investigated the degree of difficulty blind persons had in accessing and using web-based educational resources provided by Thailand Cyber University (TCU). Based on a mixed methods design, the data were collected in two phases. Quantitative data were collected first, in order to identify accessibility problems and conformance levels reported by automated web accessibility evaluation tools. Qualitative data was collected from interviews with blind participants in the second phase to expand the understanding of the accessibility problems and usability issues that were not discovered in the quantitative phase by the automated web accessibility evaluation tools.
The findings indicate that all of the 13 selected web pages failed to meet a minimum requirement of WCAG 2.0. This means those selected web pages would be inaccessible for the blind. However, the findings indicate blind participants rated only one of the 13 pages as inaccessible. Moreover, their ratings of difficulty on "usability" were higher than their ratings of difficulty on "accessibility" on the same web page. On six out of 22 tasks, blind and sighted user groups agreed on the ratings. Nevertheless, the time that it took to complete each task varied greatly between the two user groups.<br>2031-01-01
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Oliveira, Juliana Rigotti de. "Accessibility and pedestrian mobility oith phisical disabilities and visual area in urban Tauabté city (SP)." Universidade de Taubaté, 2015. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=799.
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The increase in population, economic development and ease in acquisition of vehicles for individual transportation in Brazil (car and motorcycle) in recent decades have resulted in targeted policies and projects for the road system and the mobility of motor vehicles, with making the pedestrian disabled or not, suits existing environment. Policies and projects aimed at accessibility and mobility of people with disabilities (PCD) are recent and are deployed in some Brazilian cities. From this premise, this paper aims to examine and discuss measures aimed at accessibility and mobility pedestrian sidewalks in the urban area of the city of Taubaté. Field research was conducted with a quantitative approach, and exploratory mode, probabilistic and accessibility. Participatory actors are within the classes of disabled and visually impaired, the sample consisted of 31 shares and the applied instrument for data analysis was the analysis of Pearson (r). The work had as a basic reference the existing literature on the subject, as well as field research. The results show that the difficulties of accessibility and mobility of people with disabilities occur due to the current structure of sidewalks as wide, obstacles, physical barriers, signaling absence and projects targeted physical and visual PCD.<br>O aumento da população, o desenvolvimento econômico e a facilidade na aquisição de veículos para o transporte individual no Brasil (automóvel e motocicleta) nas últimas décadas resultaram em políticas e projetos voltadas para o sistema viário e a mobilidade dos veículos motorizados, fazendo com que o pedestre com deficiência ou não, se adapte ao ambiente existente. As políticas e projetos voltados para a acessibilidade e mobilidade das pessoas com deficiência (PCD) são recentes e estão implantadas em algumas cidades brasileiras. Ao partir dessa premissa, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar medidas direcionada a acessibilidade e mobilidade do pedestre nas calçadas na área urbana da cidade de Taubaté localizada no Estado de São Paulo. Foi realizado pesquisa de campo, com abordagem quantitativa, de modo exploratório, probabilístico e por acessibilidade. Os atores participativos, estão dentro das classes dos deficientes físicos e deficientes visuais, a amostra foi composta de 31 participantes. O instrumento aplicado foi um questionário e para análise dos dados foi aplicado a análise de Correlação de Pearson (R). O trabalho desenvolvido teve como referência básica a literatura existente sobre o assunto, assim como na pesquisa de campo. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as dificuldades de acessibilidade e mobilidade das pessoas com deficiência, ocorrem devido a estrutura atual das calçadas, como largura, obstáculos, barreiras físicas e ausência de sinalização. Conclui-se que o Poder Público precisa adotar um conjunto de medidas, como práticas aplicadas com sucesso em outras cidades e países, por meio de planejamento a longo prazo e elaboração de políticas públicas que respeite as características e limitações das PCD física e visual.
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Jesso, Jennifer Elaine. "Developing an iPad accessibility and usability evaluation tool for teachers of students with visual impairments." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50249.
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With the increasing use of technology by young children in home and school environments, it is crucial that children with visual impairments have equal access to new developments in technology and that teachers of students with visual impairments have the necessary tools and training to support their students. This research sought to develop a rating scale for use by teachers of students with visual impairments for use in rating iPad apps for children on criteria of accessibility and usability while using the VoiceOver screen reader included in iOS accessibility features. The researcher also sought to examine the current state of VoiceOver accessibility of mainstream iPad apps designed for children. Six teachers of students with visual impairments used the draft scale to rate apps on accessibility and usability criteria, and their ratings were compared with the experiences of four adult iPad users who used VoiceOver. The scale had higher reliability among teachers’ ratings for accessibility criteria than for usability criteria, but teachers and VoiceOver users agreed well about overall app accessibility. Accessibility issues encountered in apps are discussed as well as changes to consider in a revised app rating scale for teachers.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
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Grégio, Lucimar Fernandes [UNESP]. "A acessibilidade dos objetos educacionais de Física: possibilidades para pessoas com deficiência visual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92253.
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gregio_lf_me_prud.pdf: 775801 bytes, checksum: 437f75225fb625bf738d4d998fa00bd0 (MD5)<br>Esta pesquisa está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa: Práticas e Processos Formativos em Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT-UNESP) e nela foram descritas e analisadas características de acessibilidade que devem ser encontradas nos Objetos Educacionais (OEs), nos conceitos de Física, disponibilizados no repositório do Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais (BIOE), para pessoas com Deficiência Visual (PDVs). Tanto as ações do Ministério da Educação (MEC), embasadas por legislações e políticas educacionais, que caminham para a busca da inclusão e acessibilidade, como o aumento significativo do uso da Internet e do computador entre esses usuários, permite considerar que os OEs também possam ser usados pelas PDVs, como mais um recurso pedagógico digital para sua aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi investigar que recursos de acessibilidade poderiam melhorar o acesso com autonomia dos OEs na área de Física. Os objetivos específicos foram analisar OEs na área de Física, procurando verificar se seu uso é possibilitado de forma autônoma, por parte das PDVs e verificar, por meio de consulta ao BIOE...<br>This research is linked to the research line: Practices and Formative Processes in Education from the Education Postgraduate Program in the Sciences and Technological School at “Universidade Estadual Paulista” (FCT/UNESP) and in it has been described and analyzed accessibility characteristics which should be found in Educational Objects (OEs), in the concepts of Physics, available in the repository of the “Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais” (BIOE), for the people with Visual Disabilities (PDVs). To the same extent as the actions from “Ministério da Educação” (MEC), based on the educational legislation and politics, which look forward to search for inclusion and accessibility, as the meaningful increase on the use of the Internet and the computer among these users, allow to consider that the OEs can also be used by PDVs, as one more pedagogical digital resource for their learning. In this sense, the general objective of this study has been to investigate which accessibility resources could make the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ducasse, Julie. "Tabletop tangible maps and diagrams for visually impaired users." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30197/document.
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En dépit de leur omniprésence et de leur rôle essentiel dans nos vies professionnelles et personnelles, les représentations graphiques, qu'elles soient numériques ou sur papier, ne sont pas accessibles aux personnes déficientes visuelles car elles ne fournissent pas d'informations tactiles. Par ailleurs, les inégalités d'accès à ces représentations ne cessent de s'accroître ; grâce au développement de représentations graphiques dynamiques et disponibles en ligne, les personnes voyantes peuvent non seulement accéder à de grandes quantités de données, mais aussi interagir avec ces données par le biais de fonctionnalités avancées (changement d'échelle, sélection des données à afficher, etc.). En revanche, pour les personnes déficientes visuelles, les techniques actuellement utilisées pour rendre accessibles les cartes et les diagrammes nécessitent l'intervention de spécialistes et ne permettent pas la création de représentations interactives. Cependant, les récentes avancées dans le domaine de l'adaptation automatique de contenus laissent entrevoir, dans les prochaines années, une augmentation de la quantité de contenus adaptés. Cette augmentation doit aller de pair avec le développement de dispositifs utilisables et abordables en mesure de supporter l'affichage de représentations interactives et rapidement modifiables, tout en étant accessibles aux personnes déficientes visuelles. Certains prototypes de recherche s'appuient sur une représentation numérique seulement : ils peuvent être instantanément modifiés mais ne fournissent que très peu de retour tactile, ce qui rend leur exploration complexe d'un point de vue cognitif et impose de fortes contraintes sur le contenu. D'autres prototypes s'appuient sur une représentation numérique et physique : bien qu'ils puissent être explorés tactilement, ce qui est un réel avantage, ils nécessitent un support tactile qui empêche toute modification rapide. Quant aux dispositifs similaires à des tablettes Braille, mais avec des milliers de picots, leur coût est prohibitif. L'objectif de cette thèse est de pallier les limitations de ces approches en étudiant comment développer des cartes et diagrammes interactifs physiques, modifiables et abordables. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur un type d'interface qui a rarement été étudié pour des utilisateurs déficients visuels : les interfaces tangibles, et plus particulièrement les interfaces tangibles sur table. Dans ces interfaces, des objets physiques représentent des informations numériques et peuvent être manipulés par l'utilisateur pour interagir avec le système, ou par le système lui-même pour refléter un changement du modèle numérique - on parle alors d'interfaces tangibles sur tables animées, ou actuated. Grâce à la conception, au développement et à l'évaluation de trois interfaces tangibles sur table (les Tangible Reels, la Tangible Box et BotMap), nous proposons un ensemble de solutions techniques répondant aux spécificités des interfaces tangibles pour des personnes déficientes visuelles, ainsi que de nouvelles techniques d'interaction non-visuelles, notamment pour la reconstruction d'une carte ou d'un diagramme et l'exploration de cartes de type " Pan & Zoom ". D'un point de vue théorique, nous proposons aussi une nouvelle classification pour les dispositifs interactifs accessibles<br>Despite their omnipresence and essential role in our everyday lives, online and printed graphical representations are inaccessible to visually impaired people because they cannot be explored using the sense of touch. The gap between sighted and visually impaired people's access to graphical representations is constantly growing due to the increasing development and availability of online and dynamic representations that not only give sighted people the opportunity to access large amounts of data, but also to interact with them using advanced functionalities such as panning, zooming and filtering. In contrast, the techniques currently used to make maps and diagrams accessible to visually impaired people require the intervention of tactile graphics specialists and result in non-interactive tactile representations. However, based on recent advances in the automatic production of content, we can expect in the coming years a growth in the availability of adapted content, which must go hand-in-hand with the development of affordable and usable devices. In particular, these devices should make full use of visually impaired users' perceptual capacities and support the display of interactive and updatable representations. A number of research prototypes have already been developed. Some rely on digital representation only, and although they have the great advantage of being instantly updatable, they provide very limited tactile feedback, which makes their exploration cognitively demanding and imposes heavy restrictions on content. On the other hand, most prototypes that rely on digital and physical representations allow for a two-handed exploration that is both natural and efficient at retrieving and encoding spatial information, but they are physically limited by the use of a tactile overlay, making them impossible to update. Other alternatives are either extremely expensive (e.g. braille tablets) or offer a slow and limited way to update the representation (e.g. maps that are 3D-printed based on users' inputs). In this thesis, we propose to bridge the gap between these two approaches by investigating how to develop physical interactive maps and diagrams that support two-handed exploration, while at the same time being updatable and affordable. To do so, we build on previous research on Tangible User Interfaces (TUI) and particularly on (actuated) tabletop TUIs, two fields of research that have surprisingly received very little interest concerning visually impaired users. Based on the design, implementation and evaluation of three tabletop TUIs (the Tangible Reels, the Tangible Box and BotMap), we propose innovative non-visual interaction techniques and technical solutions that will hopefully serve as a basis for the design of future TUIs for visually impaired users, and encourage their development and use. We investigate how tangible maps and diagrams can support various tasks, ranging from the (re)construction of diagrams to the exploration of maps by panning and zooming. From a theoretical perspective we contribute to the research on accessible graphical representations by highlighting how research on maps can feed research on diagrams and vice-versa. We also propose a classification and comparison of existing prototypes to deliver a structured overview of current research
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Belich, Jerald. "Designing Toolsets for Improving the Accessibility of Immersive Technology." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556720229902984.
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Campana, Anderson Rogério. "Análise da qualidade e usabilidade dos softwares leitores de tela visando a acessibilidade tecnológica às pessoas com deficiência visual /." Bauru, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150749.
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Orientador: Maria Cristina Gobbi<br>Banca: João Pedro Albino<br>Banca: Maria Ataide Malcher<br>Resumo: O deficiente visual é o público alvo da pesquisa, pois quando se fala em necessidades especiais, encontramos pessoas com as mais diversas precisões que carecem de alternativas de acesso as tecnologias em seu cotidiano. No decorrer deste trabalho tratamos sobre a deficiência visual, a legislação e demais dados pertinentes ao indivíduo com deficiência visual, que pode ser definido como pessoa que possui perda total ou parcial, congênita ou adquirida de sua visão. Abordamos quais tecnologias digitais estão disponíveis para inclusão dos deficientes visuais, momento em que foi sistematizada as análises sobre os softwares leitores de tela mais utilizados na atualidade por esse público alvo. Dando sequência, para possibilitar as análises da qualidade e usabilidade destes softwares, utilizamos as Normas NBR ISO/IEC 9128 e NBR ISO/IEC 14598 que regulamentam a questão de qualidade e usabilidade do produto de software. Posteriormente, com base nessas normas, foi então elaborado e aplicado um questionário para os deficientes visuais analisarem a qualidade e usabilidade dos softwares leitores de tela que eles utilizam no dia-a-dia. Com base nos resultados obtidos, elencamos sugestões para melhoria desses produtos, contribuições estas que poderão ser utilizadas por desenvolvedores para que cada dia mais se alcance a busca da efetiva acessibilidade para os deficientes visuais.<br>Abstract: The visually impaired (a blind person) is the target of this research, because when we talk about special needs, we find people with the most diverse needs of alternatives to access the technologies in their daily lives in the courses of this work we deal with a visual impaiment, legislation and other data related to individuals with visual impaiment, which can be defined as the person who has total or partial, congenital or acquired vision. We approached which digital technologies are available for the inclusion of the viaually impaired, at the moment in which the analyzes on the software's screen readers most used in the present time by this target audience. In order to make possible the analysis of the quality and usability of these software, we use the standards NBR ISO/IEC 9128 e NBR ISO/IEC 14598, which regulate the issue fo quality and usability of the software product. Subsenquetly, based on these standards, a questionnaire was then prepared and applied for the visually impaired to analyze the quality and usability of the screen readers software that they use in their everyday life. Based on the results obtained, we list a couple suggestions for improvement of these products, and some contributions that can be used by developers so that each day more people can reach the search for effective accessibility for the visually impaired<br>Mestre
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Funes, Marcio Maestrelo. "Interação gestual para acessibilidade de vídeos na Web por pessoas com deficiência visual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-13112018-084906/.
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Nos últimos anos o interesse por plataformas de compartilhamento de conteúdo multimídia na Web, como vídeos, tem crescido consideravelmente e atraindo usuários com diferentes perfis, incluindo pessoas com deficiência visual. Para tais usuários, diretrizes de acessibilidade e usabilidade devem ser aplicadas para que o acesso a estes conteúdos multimídias seja garantido. Apesar de iniciativas como a WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Acessibility Guidelines) definirem diretrizes sobre a acessibilidade para reprodutores de vídeos na Web, usuários com deficiência visual ainda encontram barreiras e dificuldades para acessar este tipo de conteúdo. Em muitos casos reprodutores de vídeo na Web não oferecem total suporte a acessibilidade, dificultando assim o acesso ao conteúdo por tal público, seja por meio de mouse ou de navegação por teclado via leitores de tela. Nesse sentindo, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar se interações por meios de gestos fornecem melhoria nos níveis de acessibilidade durante o acesso a vídeos na Web realizado por usuários com deficiência visual, a fim de que as barreiras de interação fossem reduzidas ou eliminadas. Inicialmente estudou-se os diferentes tipos de sensores gestuais, bem como se estes sensores poderiam ser utilizados para atingir o objetivo proposto. A partir desses estudos, foi desenvolvido um framework para captura, representação e interpretação de gestos. Em seguida, foi desenvolvido uma aplicação Web, utilizando o framework desenvolvido para viabilizar possíveis testes com usuários. Finalmente, um estudo de caso com 38 usuários com deficiência visual foi conduzido, a fim de levantar indícios que ajudem a entender se a utilização de gestos como modo de interação entre pessoas com deficiência visual e reprodutores de vídeo oferece melhoria de acessibilidade.<br>Recently the interest in multimedia Web content sharing platforms, such as videos, has increased considerably attracting users with different profiles, including people with visual impairment. For such users, accessibility and usability guidelines should be applied for access guaranteed of these multimedia content. Although initiatives such as WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Acessibility Guidelines) set guidelines for video players, users with visual impairment still find barriers and difficulties to access this type of content. In many cases Web video players do not provide full accessibility support, making it difficult to access content by such a public, either through mouse or keyboard navigation by screen readers. This paper aims at investigating if gesture interactions provide improve improvement in accessibility levels during access to Web videos by visually impaired users, in order to reduce or eliminate the interactions barriers. We initially analyzed the different types of gesture sensors, as well as if these sensors could be used to achieve the proposed objective. Based on this analysis, we developed a framework for capture, representation and interpretation of gestures. Then, we developed a Web application, using the framework guidelines developed to enable users tests. Finally, we then run a study case with 38 users with visual impairment, in order to get evidence to help understand if the use of gestures as a mode of interaction between people with visual impairments and video players offers improved accessibility.
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Castellano, Alvarez Franco, Podoliako Paul J. Chavarría, and Padilla Alfredo Barrientos. "Iris - Mensajería instantánea para personas con ceguera en dispositivos móviles con pantalla táctil." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/558846.
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En años recientes, el uso de tabletas y teléfonos o dispositivos inteligentes ha incrementado continuamente gracias a la facilidad y disponibilidad de acceso a la información, entretenimiento y comunicación que ofrecen con su creciente variedad de aplicativos y especialmente su acceso a internet. A diferencia de computadoras o notebooks, estos dispositivos tienen tecnologías para mejorar la usabilidad para personas con dificultades visuales que también pueden ser utilizadas para crear nuevos aplicativos de asistencia sin la necesidad de aparatos externos. Esto genera oportunidades para un desarrollo inclusivo que mantiene la misma portabilidad. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos principalmente usan una pantalla táctil y aún entre sus tecnologías incorporadas, no tienen medios para ingresar datos que sean permitan que personas con ceguera ingresen información por otros medios que no sean su voz o un complejo teclado QWERTY. En este artículo, proponemos el uso de una solución adaptativa que permite al usuario usar la misma pantalla táctil como una alternativa para ingresar datos al simular un teclado Braille y demostramos su uso, además de tecnologías de lector de texto, con una aplicación que permite que una persona ciega chatee mediante mensajes instantáneos.
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Ávila, Soto Mauro [Verfasser], and Albrecht [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Interactive tactile representations to support document accessibility for people with visual impairments / Mauro Ávila Soto ; Betreuer: Albrecht Schmidt." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1230409750/34.
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Veriscimo, Erico de Souza. "Interação 3D com retorno de áudio para a identificação de objetos virtuais acessível a usuários com deficiência visual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100131/tde-16112016-204019/.
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A Organização Mundial de Saúde estima que existam hoje 285 milhões de pessoas com deficiência visual grave em todo o mundo. Com o advento da tecnologia, ambientes virtuais em 3D estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados para diversas aplicações. Muitas destas aplicações, no entanto, não são acessíveis para usuários com deficiência visual, criando uma divisão digital. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma nova técnica de interação 3D de baixo custo que permita a identificação de objetos virtuais com autonomia usando apenas propriocepção e retorno de áudio. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo implementando esta técnica e foram realizados primeiramente testes funcionais com usuários com visão para avaliar se o protótipo implementou de fato a técnica proposta. Em seguida foi realizado um pré-teste com um deficiente visual, seguido de aprimoramento do protótipo e um experimento com oito usuários com deficiência em que deveriam diferenciar objetos virtuais usando somente a técnica proposta. Os resultados se mostraram bastante positivos, com cerca de 84\\% de acerto sem nenhum treino anterior. Este resultado sugere que a técnica desenvolvida pode trazer diversos benefícios para a sociedade e para a computação, como uma maior inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual em tarefas que exijam interação com o objetos virtuais em três dimensões em diferentes áreas de aplicação, inclusive para educação, com boa usabilidade, acessibilidade e dispositivos disponíveis por custos relativamente baixos<br>The World Health Organization estimates that there are currently 285 million people with severe visual impairment worldwide. With the advent of technology, 3D virtual environments are being increasingly used for several applications. Many of these applications, however, are not accessible to visually impaired users, creating a digital divide. Our goal is to develop a novel and low cost 3D interaction technique to allow the identification of virtual objects with autonomy using only proprioception and hearing. We developed a prototype implementing this technique, which was first tested with sighted users simply to verify whether it correctly implemented the proposed technique. Then we conducted a preliminary experiment with a blind user followed by some prototype improvement and an experiment with eight users with visual impairment in which they were asked to classify tridimensional virtual objects using only the proposed technique. The results were quite positive, with approximately 84\\% correct answers without any prior training. This result suggests that our technique may benefit society and computing, such as a better inclusion of visually impaired users in tasks that require interaction with virtual objects in 3D in different areas of application, including education, with good usability, accessibility and devices available for relatively low costs
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Souza, Andréa Silva. "Estudo sobre o conforto visual nas interfaces com ênfase no daltonismo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18118.
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-17<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This work studies the visual comfort in interfaces as a way to improve the
accessibility and usability on the websites. Its main objective is to research the colors
and their influence on access to web space turning it better, bringing the use of
Internet for everyone without exception. Among the theoretical and methodological
aspects chosen was approached the philosophy of semiotics, color theory, and
especially the concepts of accessibility and usability<br>Este trabalho estuda o conforto visual nas interfaces, como forma de
melhoria na acessibilidade e usabilidade nos sítios. Tem como principal objetivo a
pesquisa das cores e sua influencia quanto ao acesso no espaço web melhorando e
trazendo, ao mesmo tempo, uma Internet para todos sem exceção. Dentre os
aspectos teórico-metodológicos escolhidos foi abordada a filosofia da semiótica,
teoria das cores, e principalmente os conceitos de acessibilidade e usabilidade
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Bern, Charlotte, and Linda Liljeström. "“Request to speak, button” : Accessibility for visually impaired VoiceOver users on social live audio chat platforms." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105457.
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Social media has become an inevitable part of everyday life. With the focus to a large extent being on image and video sharing, accessibility for the visually impaired is not always granted. However, new types of social platforms with live audio chats at their core have shown potential to stand out as particularly inclusive of visually impaired users. Taking a standpoint in the Technology-to-Performance Chain model, the study aimed to create a better understanding of the subjective user experience of visually impaired users of social live audio chat platforms by identifying what influences accessibility, especially when it comes to taking part of and creating audio content. The topic was approached in the form of a case study. Qualitative data collection was conducted with a combination of observations and product assessment, expert interviews a well as user interviews. The aim was to create a better understanding of the subjective user experience of visually impaired users. The results suggest audio-based platforms have the potential to fit the visually impaired users well. A limited scope of the platform, having voice-based communication at the core and a limited number of visual elements all influence accessibility. A sufficient amount of adjustable VoiceOver adds to the accessibility of the platform. Furthermore, the results indicate being aware of user behaviour and the inaccessibility it might lead to is of importance. Concludingly, applying a UX perspective is deemed as of importance as the results indicate it often is the intangible, subjective user perspective which can highlight what influences accessibility.
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Queiroz, Virginia Magliano. "Acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência visual: uma análise de parques urbanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-21102014-173356/.
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Os parques são espaços de lazer essenciais para convivência e interação na sociedade, sendo locais públicos, que devem oferecer igualdade de possibilidades e utilização por todos, não segregando ou excluindo. Mas, na realidade, os parques públicos urbanos brasileiros ainda não dispõem de condições básicas para o deslocamento seguro e autônomo das pessoas com deficiência visual. Por meio desta pesquisa, objetivou-se identificar as restrições que o ambiente impõe a esse grupo de indivíduos, bem como conhecer suas necessidades, habilidades e limitações, compreendendo a sua percepção do espaço, e identificando a influência dos elementos cognitivos auxiliares dessa percepção. Buscou-se ainda avaliar a eficácia das medidas de acessibilidade implantadas em parques urbanos para as pessoas com deficiência visual, analisando a sua relação com estes espaços livres públicos de lazer. Para tal, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica aprofundada acerca do tema, atentando para as normas e legislações vigentes; entrevistas com especialistas de outras áreas do conhecimento, como psicólogos, educadores e especialistas em orientação e mobilidade; e contou-se com a contribuição de pessoas com deficiência visual por meio da aplicação de ferramentas como entrevistas, grupos focais, observações participantes, e passeios acompanhados em alguns parques de São Paulo, para a coleta de dados. O estudo pautou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, cujos resultados ressaltaram a importância dos parques como espaços de lazer para as pessoas com deficiência visual e a atual falta de acessibilidade dos mesmos. Apesar da legislação brasileira, e em especial da cidade de São Paulo, estabelecer a garantia de acesso e utilização dos parques pelas pessoas com deficiência em geral, essa determinação não é cumprida pelo próprio poder público, responsável pelo gerenciamento e manutenção dos parques uranos. E em relação às normas atuais, esta dissertação sugere alguns acréscimos e recomendações para que os parques realmente possibilitem o deslocamento autônomo e independente das pessoas cegas e com baixa visão. Por fim, com a realização desta pesquisa percebe-se que os ambientes muito abertos, amplos e com muitas pessoas são naturalmente complicados para as pessoas com deficiência visual, mas é possível deixá-los totalmente acessíveis para este público-alvo, e é algo necessário, visto que esta parte da população demonstrou grande interesse e deve ser incluída plenamente nos espaços públicos em questão.<br>Parks are places for leisure activities, they are essential for society\'s coexistence and interaction, being by definition public sites that should offer equal possibilities and universal use, never segregating or excluding. However, in fact, urban public parks in Brazil still do not dispose of basic requirements for the safe and independent displacement of the visually impaired persons. The present research seeks to identify the restrictions imposed by the environment to this group of individuals, as well as knowing their needs, abilities and limitations, understanding their perception of space and identifying the influence of the cognitive elements that assist this perception. Additionally, the present work intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the accessibility measures implemented in urban parks for the visually impaired individuals, analyzing their relationship with those public free leisure sites. In order to do so, a deep bibliographic review about the theme was done, with special attention to the current rules and legislations; interviews with specialists from other fields of knowledge such as psychologists, teachers and specialist in orientation and mobility. The research has been aided by visually impaired persons whom have participated in several activities for data collection, interviews, focus groups, participant observations, as well as accompanied tours through some parks of Sao Paulo. This study is guided by a qualitative approach research method, which results highlighted the importance of parks as leisure sites for visually impaired individuals and the actual lack of accessibility of those free public sites. Even though the Brazilian legislation and specially the Sao Paulo municipality laws do establish that access and use of the parks by the visually impaired citizens is guaranteed, the public forces do not comply with such determinations, though those forces answer for the management and maintenance of urban parks. In relation to the current laws, this dissertation suggests some additions and recommendations so that parks really enable the independent and self-governing displacement of the blind and of the low vision persons. Conclusively, the present research allow us to perceive that environments that are very open, wide and crowded are naturally challenging for the visually impaired, but it is possible to make those environments completely accessible to this audience, and it is rather necessary, once part of this population showed great interest and should be fully included in the public sites concerned.
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Fast, Danene K. "Bus Drivers, Customers, & Canes:Exploring Accessibility to Public Transportation for Travelers with Vision Loss." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529780547432842.
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Cosgrove, Samantha Jo. "Drop, Cover, and Hold On: Analyzing FEMA's Risk Communication through Visual Rhetoric." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6211.
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This project seeks to understand the relationship between visual rhetoric and power structure between FEMA’s Earthquake publications and their audience. Research shows images leave a longer impression on readers than text, causing more studies to focus on visuals rather than just text in technical communication. Author uses Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze the images in relation to text, design, and intended audience to determine what information is being privileged. It is determined that homeowners are being privileged with information over non-homeowners, established through a collection of images and image types. The lack of information for non-homeowners could result in injury or death of potential disaster victims, making it crucial for technical document revision.
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Vitorini, Érica Fernanda. "Parâmetros para a construção de linguagens documentárias inclusivas em bibliotecas universitárias : uma análise das questões sobre acessibilidade que envolvem o usuário com deficiência visual /." Marília, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192473.
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Orientador: Walter Moreira<br>Resumo: Realizou-se um estudo sobre acessibilidade de deficientes visuais em bibliotecas universitárias, visando discutir questões referentes à linguagem documentária e os serviços relacionados a ela. O problema abordado na pesquisa aponta os requisitos que uma linguagem documentária e os serviços relacionados a ela como o catálogo online, o acervo, o atendimento e o espaço físico da biblioteca precisam ter para serem acessíveis aos usuários com deficiência visual. Objetiva-se a partir desses parâmetros acesso a informação adequadas às reais necessidades dos usuários com deficiência visual. Esta pesquisa justifica-se, pelo fato de as pessoas com deficiência visual terem o direito de ocupar seu espaço na sociedade e usufruir dos serviços prestados pelas instituições como as universidades e suas bibliotecas de maneira mais independente, outro ponto relevante é a presença cada vez maior de alunos com deficiência visual dentro das universidades, e esses alunos necessitam do suporte da biblioteca, para concluírem seus cursos e, por fim o compromisso da Ciência da Informação que é garantir o acesso à informação para todos, sem distinção. A pesquisa é teórica aplicada com natureza exploratória e descritiva, utilizando procedimentos bibliográficos para coleta de dados e análise qualitativa da informação. Ao final, foram apresentados cinco parâmetros para a acessibilidade de usuários com deficiência visual em bibliotecas universitárias: Políticas de construção de linguagem documentária inclus... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: A study was carried out on the accessibility of the visually impaired in university libraries, aiming to discuss issues related to documentary language and the services related to it. The problem addressed in the research points out the requirements that a documentary language and the services related to it, such as the online catalog, the collection, the attendance and the physical space of the library must have to be accessible to visually impaired users. The objective of these parameters is to access information appropriate to the real needs of visually impaired users. This research is justified by the fact that people with visual impairments have the right to occupy their space in society and enjoy the services provided by institutions such as universities and their libraries in a more independent way, another relevant point is the increasing presence of visually impaired students within universities, and these students need the support of the library to complete their courses and, finally, the commitment of Information Science, which is to guarantee access to information for all, without distinction. The research is applied theoretical with exploratory and descriptive nature, using bibliographic procedures for data collection and qualitative analysis of information. At the end, five parameters were presented for the accessibility of visually impaired users in university libraries: Inclusive documentary language construction policies, Accessibility of the online catalog, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Dutra, Diego Normandi Maciel. "Design para acessibilidade: inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual ao serviço de cinema." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-16022017-124050/.
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O censo demográfico apresentado pelo IBGE em 2010 apontou cerca de 45 milhões de pessoas com alguma deficiência vivendo no Brasil, dentre as quais 35 milhões são deficientes visuais. Apesar de consistir grande parcela da população, são notáveis as barreiras que esse público enfrenta para ter acesso à cultura e ao lazer, pois as iniciativas de inclusão em ambientes de convívio social são limitadas e muitas vezes inexistentes. Sob o olhar do Design, e com base em métodos relacionados Design de Serviços, este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa não propositiva sobre acessibilidade daquele público em salas de cinema, considerando toda a complexidade que envolve essa experiência, desde, por exemplo, a produção de filmes até a experiência propriamente dita nos espaços de projeção.<br>The census presented by IBGE in 2010 showed about 45 million people with disabilities living in Brazil, of which 35 million are visually impaired. Despite this fact, persons with disabilities face obvious barriers to cultural and leisure services due to the limitation or lack of attitudinal and environmental inclusion initiatives. From a Design perspective, and based on Service Design methods, this paper presents a research on accessibility in cinemas, considering the complexity that surrounds this experience, the production of films, and the experience itself in projection rooms.
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Douglass, D. Kim. "Quality of experience: a discussion on experiential access to outdoor environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40740.
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Dias, Cristiani de Oliveira. "De olho na tela : requisitos de acessibilidade em objetos de aprendizagem para alunos cegos e com limitação visual." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/23812.
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Esta dissertação tem como intenção desenvolver uma proposta metodológica de adaptação e desenvolvimento de Objetos de Aprendizagem Acessíveis. Essa proposta metodológica define passo a passo o desenvolvimento do OA Acessível, seguindo o desenvolvimento de software orientado a objetos numa perspectiva inclusiva. Após a criação dessa proposta metodológica, foram feitas validações do OAA com sujeitos cegos e com limitação visual. No decorrer do texto, apresentamos as etapas de desenvolvimento do OA acessível, assim como as considerações finais do trabalho.<br>This methodological proposal defines step by step the development of an Accessible LO following the development of object oriented software in an inclusive perspective. After the creation of this methodological proposal, were made validations of the Accessible LO with blind subjects and with visual impairment. Throughout the text we present the development stages of the Accessible LO as well as the final considerations of the work.
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Melo, Marcos Welby Simões. "Acessibilidade na educação musical para educandos com deficiência visual no contexto da sala de aula." Faculdade de Educação, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/16911.
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Tese Versão final ABNT 21-02-2014.pdf: 1161132 bytes, checksum: 1d2a9eea062c24d1ac42a6c45e2ddfdf (MD5)<br>CAPES<br>A música tem fundamental importância no desenvolvimento intelectual, cultural e social do ser humano, contribuindo para a inserção de educandos com deficiência visual na sala de aula. Esta pesquisa trata da acessibilidade na educação musical para pessoas com deficiência visual no contexto do ensino regular. Fundamentei este estudo nos principais teóricos da inclusão como, Diniz e Sassaki, que defendem a ideia de uma sociedade que permita a participação satisfatória das pessoas com deficiência; Masini, que ressalta a importância da percepção da pessoa com deficiência visual envolvendo outros sentidos que não o da visão. Para entender a metodologia das práticas musicais consultei teóricos da educação musical no Brasil, entre esses Swanwick, e Hemsy de Gainza que postulam a ideia de uma musicalização centrada nos aspectos da singularidade humana obedecendo às etapas do desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e cultural do individuo. Incluí também a legislação especifica na área da educação inclusiva que entendo como relevante para fundamentar os princípios que regem a conduta que possibilite a acessibilidade satisfatória do educando com deficiência. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o processo de ensino da música para alunos com deficiência visual; identificar procedimentos de acessibilidade que poderão melhor contribuir para a prática da educação musical para esses educandos, incluindo os possíveis recursos didáticos pedagógicos que estejam sendo utilizados em sala de aula, para entender como a educação musical está sendo ensinada às pessoas com deficiência visual. Para tanto, situei esta pesquisa numa abordagem de estudo de caso do tipo qualitativo, realizada em seis escolas de Salvador, públicas e particulares em que existiam, no mesmo espaço, o professor de música e o aluno com deficiência visual. Realizei entrevistas com educadores musicais, que atuam nessas instituições, e também com aluno com limitação visual. Como resultado, constatei que a educação Inclusiva não tem encontrado um espaço amplo nas práticas escolares e que o número de escolas regulares preparadas para incluir, de fato, os educandos deficientes visuais na aula de música, é muito restrito, sobretudo na utilização de recursos adaptados, que visem o desenvolvimento de novos critérios metodológicos para o seu aprendizado, A identificação e interpretação dos dados investigados podem proporcionar uma melhor discussão e reflexão quanto à acessibilidade da educação musical com o entendimento de que não somente são importantes as técnicas e os procedimentos em sala de aula, mas toda a investigação das necessidades específicas dos alunos com deficiência visual.<br>ABSTRACT The music is of fundamental importance in the intellectual, cultural and social development of human beings, contributing to the inclusion of students with visual impairments in the classroom. This research deals with accessibility in music education for people with visual impairments in the context of regular education. Fundamentei this study in the major theorists such as inclusion, and Sassaki Diniz , who defend the idea of a society that permits satisfactory participation of people with disabilities; Masini, which underscores the importance of the perception of people with visual impairments involving senses other than the vision. To understand the methodology of musical practices consulted theorists of music education in Brazil between these Swanwick, and Hemsy of Gainza that posit the idea of ​​a musicalizacion focused on aspects of human uniqueness by following the steps of the cognitive , social and cultural development of the individual. Includes legislation also specifies the area of inclusive education which I understand as relevant to support the principles that govern the conduct that enables the satisfactory accessibility of student with disabilities The purpose of this study was to analyze the process of teaching music to students with visual impairment, identify accessibility procedures that can best contribute to the practice of music education for these students , including the possible pedagogical teaching resources that are being used in the classroom to understand how music education is being taught people with visual impairments. To this end, this research was conducted by case study of the qualitative approach, carried out in six schools in Salvador, public and private that had, in the same space, the music teacher and the student with visual impairments. Conducted interviews with music educators, who work in these institutions, as well as with students with visual impairment. As a result, found that Inclusive education has not found ample space in school practices and that the number of regular schools prepared to include, in fact, the visually impaired students in music class, is very limited, especially in the use of resources adapted , aimed at the development of new methodological criteria for learning, identification and interpretation of the investigated data can provide a better discussion and reflection about the accessibility of music education with the understanding that not only are important techniques and procedures in the classroom classroom, but the investigation of the specific needs of students with visual impairments
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Juvencio, Vera Lucia Pontes. "CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ACCESSIBILITY FOR PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT: THE CASE OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF CEARÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10922.
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nÃo hÃ<br>This study points to access, permanence and autonomy of people with visual impairment, poor vision or total blindness, with the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the informatics and its augmentation with communication capabilities, as tools of interaction with environments found at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC). We present a theoretical framework of the issue through the following topics: special education and inclusive education, assistive technology, visual impairment, the legal system, including higher education, the use of ICT, usability and ergonomics, accessibility and inclusion, universal design, web accessibility, programs with speech synthesizers, building websites for full development to make them accessible to the visually impaired, as well as the accessibility at the Federal University of CearÃ. The methodology was exploratory, descriptive, and application of instruments: questionnaires, interviews and tests, people with visual impairments that make up the university community, students and employees. The questionnaire was sent via internet and a visit for the interview and testing was scheduled by e-mail, phone or in person. The answers to the questionnaires for data collection were sent by e-mail. The research was conducted with eight people, one teacher and seven students, all totally blind or with poor vision. In the chapter on Methodology, besides addressing the collecting, processing and data analysis technique, details of the research are also provided. The results address the life course of the research subjects and the perception of these people in relation to accessibility in UFC. In addition, the specific objectives and analysis of results were also verified. A list of recommendations was then released.<br>O objetivo deste estudo aponta para o acesso, autonomia e permanÃncia de pessoas com deficiÃncia visual, com baixa visÃo ou com cegueira, com suporte na utilizaÃÃo de tecnologias da informaÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo (TICs), da informÃtica e da sua potencializaÃÃo com os recursos de comunicaÃÃo, como ferramentas de interaÃÃo com ambientes normovisuais, na Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). Demonstra-se uma fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica sobre a temÃtica, por via dos seguintes tÃpicos: educaÃÃo especial e educaÃÃo inclusiva; tecnologias assistivas; deficiÃncia visual; ordenamento jurÃdico; inclusÃo no ensino superior; uso das TICs; usabilidade e ergonomia; acessibilidade e inclusÃo; desenho universal; acessibilidade na Web; programas com sintetizadores de voz; construÃÃo de sites para todos; desenvolvimento para tornÃ-los acessÃveis aos deficientes visuais; e acessibilidade na Universidade Federal do CearÃ. A metodologia utilizada foi exploratÃria e descritiva, com aplicaÃÃo de instrumentos - questionÃrios, entrevistas e testes com as pessoas com deficiÃncia visual que constituem a comunidade universitÃria, seus servidores e alunos. O questionÃrio foi enviado via internet, e a visita para a entrevista e os testes foi agendada atravÃs de email, telefonema ou pessoalmente. As respostas dos questionÃrios para coleta de dados foram enviadas por email. A pesquisa foi realizada com oito pessoas, sendo um docente e sete alunos, cegos ou de baixa visÃo. O capÃtulo da Metodologia, alÃm de se abordar a coleta, o tratamento e a tÃcnica de anÃlise dos dados, detalha a pesquisa. Os resultados tratam da trajetÃria de vida dos sujeitos da pesquisa e a percepÃÃo dessas pessoas em relaÃÃo à acessibilidade na UFC. Realizaram-se, ainda, uma verificaÃÃo dos objetivos especÃficos e anÃlise dos resultados. Em seguida, foi disponibilizada uma lista de recomendaÃÃes.
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Bonavero, Yoann. "Une approche basée sur les préférences et les méta-heuristiques pour améliorer l’accessibilité des pages Web pour les personnes déficientes visuelles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS274/document.
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Lorsque la vue, qui est un important moyen de communication, est altérée, alors l'acquisition de l'information s'en trouve modifiée, dégradée ou limitée. A l'ère du monde numérique, le Web regorge d'informations réparties sur différents sites et mises en forme par les développeurs et designers. De nombreuses pathologies visuelles peuvent entraîner des difficultés dans l'accès à ces informations. Au-delà même de ces informations, l'accès aux outils et services est lui aussi limité. Des difficultés dans la perception des couleurs, des taches dans le champ visuel ou un champ visuel réduit sont tout autant de sources de difficultés. Chaque personne a une vision qui lui est propre. Chez les personnes qui ont une basse vision, les pathologies donnent des évolutions spécifiques chez chacune d'entre elles. De plus les méthodes de compensation acquises sont différentes d'une personne à l'autre. Des outils d'assistance existent depuis de nombreuses années et tentent de répondre aux besoins des personnes ayant une basse vision en proposant des adaptations visuelles. Les principales limites de ces outils résident notamment dans le fait qu'ils ne sont pas en capacité de prendre en compte les besoins très spécifiques de chaque personne. Ces travaux de recherche se concentrent donc autour de l'analyse des besoins réels des utilisateurs et de l'élaboration d'une nouvelle approche qui se base sur les préférences personnelles de l'utilisateur. L'objectif final est d'automatiser la transformation des pages Web en fonction des préférences propres à un utilisateur pendant qu'il navigue sur le Web. Divers algorithmes ont été utilisés, notamment des algorithmes évolutionnaires, afin de réaliser des compromis entre les préférences de l'utilisateur et l'apparence originale de la page Web. La thèse développe de manière approfondie les principaux problèmes touchant les personnes en situation de basse vision et des éléments sur les modèles de couleurs et de contrastes. Puis elle présente un langage de modélisation des préférences basé sur la logique, une modélisation du problème comme un problème d'optimisation, des algorithmes de résolution, un démonstrateur, et des expérimentations sur des pages Web réelles<br>When the sight, which is the main communication way, is altered, then the information acquisition process is also modified, degraded or limited. In today's digital world, the Web is a wealth of information organized by designers and developers and available on different Websites. Many visual pathologies can lead to difficulties in accessing this information. Beyond this information, the access to the different tools and services is also affected. Difficulties in color perception, cloud-like white patches or dark areas in a visual field, or a reduced visual field are all sources of difficulties. Each person has a particular vision. Several persons with the same pathology may even have different visions. Several assistive tools have been proposed that apply visual adaptation, trying to meet the needs of people with low vision. Main limits of these tools are mainly the unability of taking into account the very specific needs of each person. These research works are focused on the real user's needs analysis and on making a new approach based on the personal user's preferences. The final target consists in automatizing the Web page transformation according to the specific preferences of a particular user. This transformation occurs along the navigation from page to page. Different algorithms have been used, especially evolutionary algorithms, in order to make tradeoffs between the user's preferences and the original appearance of the page. The thesis further develops main problems encountered by people with low vision and some notions on color models and contrast relations. After that, we present a preference modeling language based on logics, a modeling of the problem as an optimization problem, some resolution algorithms, a tool and experiments on several real Web pages
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Grégio, Lucimar Fernandes. "A acessibilidade dos objetos educacionais de Física : possibilidades para pessoas com deficiência visual /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92253.
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Orientador: Elisa Tomoe Moriya Schlünzen<br>Banca: Miguel Claudio Moriel Chaco<br>Banca: Renata Maria Coimbra Libório<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa: Práticas e Processos Formativos em Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT-UNESP) e nela foram descritas e analisadas características de acessibilidade que devem ser encontradas nos Objetos Educacionais (OEs), nos conceitos de Física, disponibilizados no repositório do Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais (BIOE), para pessoas com Deficiência Visual (PDVs). Tanto as ações do Ministério da Educação (MEC), embasadas por legislações e políticas educacionais, que caminham para a busca da inclusão e acessibilidade, como o aumento significativo do uso da Internet e do computador entre esses usuários, permite considerar que os OEs também possam ser usados pelas PDVs, como mais um recurso pedagógico digital para sua aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi investigar que recursos de acessibilidade poderiam melhorar o acesso com autonomia dos OEs na área de Física. Os objetivos específicos foram analisar OEs na área de Física, procurando verificar se seu uso é possibilitado de forma autônoma, por parte das PDVs e verificar, por meio de consulta ao BIOE... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This research is linked to the research line: Practices and Formative Processes in Education from the Education Postgraduate Program in the Sciences and Technological School at "Universidade Estadual Paulista" (FCT/UNESP) and in it has been described and analyzed accessibility characteristics which should be found in Educational Objects (OEs), in the concepts of Physics, available in the repository of the "Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais" (BIOE), for the people with Visual Disabilities (PDVs). To the same extent as the actions from "Ministério da Educação" (MEC), based on the educational legislation and politics, which look forward to search for inclusion and accessibility, as the meaningful increase on the use of the Internet and the computer among these users, allow to consider that the OEs can also be used by PDVs, as one more pedagogical digital resource for their learning. In this sense, the general objective of this study has been to investigate which accessibility resources could make the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Sbarra, Wendy M. "New Ways of Seeing: Examining Musuem Accessibility for Visitors with Vision Impairments." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/121.
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While I have always loved to go to the art museum I have often found it difficult to convince friends and family to go with me. It seems to be a particularly daunting task for visitors with disabilities and specifically those with vision impairments. This study surveys the accessibility of the programming for visitors with visual impairments at 25 art museums in the United States of America and how they communicate that information to potential visitors. It highlights museums that go beyond what is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act and create programming that is enjoyable for all. This study will be a reference to create a more enjoyable experience for all.
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Rodrigues, Andrea dos Santos. "A inform?tica como uma ferramenta de apoio a inclus?o do deficiente visual." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14220.
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Previous issue date: 2009-11-16<br>An inclusive environment has its foundations in the belief that all people are entitled to participate, to live as normal a life as possible, without discrimination, especially in education. This is to ensure equal opportunities. For individuals with special needs, the use of computers and digital materials is not an alternative, but one of the only forms of access to information. For the visually impaired, they start from the beginning to enter the university, through the selection processes, not always accessible. For those who can, other difficulties arise, undermining the initial enthusiasm and generating a large rate of dropouts. In most cases, these students will depend on the goodwill of colleagues and volunteers for the reading of texts in the basic literature of the disciplines studied. The high cost of technology assisted allied to a lack of resources and knowledge of curricular adaptations, prevents many teachers help these students in an appropriate manner. This thesis seeks to contribute to the inclusion of the visually impaired student pointing alternatives that can help in caring education. The research was conducted specifically for the doctorate during the period 2001 to 2006, the cities of Natal, Salvador and Curitiba, and is based mainly on the methodology of action research. The objective was the construction of Virtual Teaching Support Center , structured in a Web portal that can serve as a resource to help support teachers, staff and other users concerned with the process of inclusion of people with needs special education, with the goal of assimilation of educational opportunities, with the support of resources and methods. The inclusion is for everyone because we are all different<br>Um ambiente inclusivo tem em seus alicerces a cren?a de que todas as pessoas t?m direito a participa??o, de viver uma vida t?o normal quanto poss?vel, sem discrimina??o, especialmente no sistema educativo. Trata-se de assegurar igualdade de oportunidades. Para indiv?duos com necessidades especiais, o uso do computador e de materiais digitais n?o constitui uma alternativa, mas uma das ?nicas formas de acesso ? informa??o. Em rela??o aos deficientes visuais, as dificuldades come?am desde o in?cio ao ingressar na universidade, atrav?s dos processos seletivos, nem sempre acess?veis. Para os que conseguem, outras dificuldades v?o surgindo, minando o entusiasmo inicial e gerando um grande ?ndice de desist?ncias. Na maioria dos casos, esses alunos passam a depender da boa vontade de colegas ou volunt?rios para a leitura de textos constantes da bibliografia b?sica das disciplinas cursadas. O alto custo das tecnologias assistivas aliado ? falta de recursos e conhecimentos sobre adapta??es curriculares, impede que muitos docentes auxiliem de modo adequado estes alunos. Esta tese busca contribuir para a inclus?o do aluno deficiente visual apontando alternativas que possam auxiliar no atendimento educacional. A pesquisa foi realizada especificamente para o doutorado no per?odo de 2001 ? 2006, nas cidades de Natal, Salvador e Curitiba, tendo-se baseado principalmente na metodologia de pesquisa-a??o. O objetivo do trabalho, foi a constru??o de Centro de Apoio Pedag?gico Virtual (CAP), estruturado em um portal Web, que possa servir como recurso auxiliar para apoio aos professores, funcion?rios e demais usu?rios comprometidos com o processo de inclus?o de pessoas portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais, com o objetivo de equipara??o das oportunidades educacionais, com o apoio de recursos e m?todos adequados. A Inclus?o ? para todos porque todos somos diferentes
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Johnson, Patrick Matthew. "Social Accessibility for Students with Visual-Impairments: A Mixed-Methodological Study of Current Students at a Land-Grant and Regionally-Known University in Western Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26834.
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This paper presents findings from a study designed to identify skills and strategies students with visual impairments have developed to aid their social integration into higher education campus life. Attending college provides numerous learning opportunities outside the classroom. The study explores the process by which students at two universities in the Commonwealth of Virginia were able to identify, navigate, and participate in extra-curricular activities. Previous research by Roy & MacKay (2002) and Hodges & Keller (1999) provides a quantitative framework from which a qualitative tapestry was woven. A secondary purpose of the study was to verify the validity of Roy & MacKayâ s finding that the age that individuals first experience visual disability and the visibility of their visual impairment (the variance in their ability to appear sighted) are valid predictors of social integration of visually impaired students among college students.
This study is important for several reasons, including, (a) to help develop a more inclusive campus environment, (b) to identify factors that have influenced the selection of post-secondary educational experiences by visually-impaired students, and (c) to give a voice to visually impaired students to help administrators understand their needs and desires (Henderson, 2001).<br>Ph. D.
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Gomes, Felipe Tassario. "SRS - um simulador visual de leitor de tela para desenvolvedores web." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-30102018-115410/.
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A acessibilidade, como um conceito geral, se refere à capacidade de produtos, meios, serviços e dispositivos em alcançar o uso por pessoas com deficiência. A acessibilidade naWeb diz respeito à capacidade destas pessoas em utilizá-la, acessar os conteúdos e poder participar ativamente dela, interagindo e gerando novos conteúdos. A Web de hoje em dia oferece ricas experiências aos usuários, porém muitas barreiras são enfrentadas por usuários com deficiências visuais, devido à falta de atenção dada pelos desenvolvedores às questões de acessibilidade das páginas. A construção de uma página que atenda adequadamente aos requisitos de acessibilidade é uma tarefa técnica complicada. Diversos padrões e recomendações foram criadas para tal, mas o domínio desses padrões e a compreensão de como eles ajudarão na experiência de usuários com deficiências não é simples. Ferramentas existentes validam detalhes técnicos da implementação das páginas, geralmente seguindo uma lista de itens ou recomendações a serem verificadas, mas essas ferramentas não expõem ao desenvolvedor o efeito final na experiência que um usuário cego terá ao visitá-la, ou evidenciam a importância relativa de cada problema encontrado. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a viabilidade e o potencial de um simulador de leitor de tela, cujo público alvo são os próprios desenvolvedores, de forma a auxiliar a análise de acessibilidade de uma página para usuários com deficiência visual. Dois protótipos foram desenvolvidos e avaliados, buscando verificar as lacunas existentes em outras abordagens que ele possa alcançar.<br>Accessibility, as a general concept, refers to the capacity of products, services and environments to be used by people with disabilities. Web accessibility, therefore, constitutes the ability of the web to be any person, including people with disabilities. The web nowadays offers rich experiences to its users, but there are many barriers that a person with visual disabilities faces while browsing the web. Building a web page that is well adapted to accessibility requirements is a complicated technical task. Several standards and guidelines have been created to achieve this, but mastering these standards and understanding how they will help these users experiences isnt simple. There are existing tools to validate technical details of a web pages implementation, usually referring back to the standards or a list of items to be verified, but these tools dont tell the web developer the effects that each problem will have in the final experience, or the relative importance of each existing problem. In this research, we studied the viability and potential of a screen reader simulator, targeting web developers as its main user group, in order to support the accessibility analysis of a webpage for blind users. Two prototype versions were developed and evaluated, in order to verify the gaps from other types of tools that this approach can reach.
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Sonza, Andréa Poletto. "Ambientes virtuais acessíveis sob a perspectiva de usuários com limitação visual." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14661.
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Esta Tese integra-se ao leque de pesquisas já desenvolvidas pelo NIEE (Núcleo de Informática na Educação Especial) da UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) para potencializar o processo de info-inclusão. A partir da perspectiva do usuário com limitação visual, objetiva estudar os aspectos fundamentais em Ambientes Virtuais para que atendam à Acessibilidade, Usabilidade e Comunicabilidade para com deficientes visuais no contexto do Desenho Universal. O referencial teórico traz informações atinentes aos Espaços Virtuais, às Tecnologias Assistivas, aos Padrões de Desenvolvimento Web e aos Conceitos de Qualidade de Uso de Sistemas. Durante a análise desta Tese, motivados por um Estudo Prévio em um Ambiente de Ensino a Distância, propusemo-nos a investigar três interfaces: dois sites e um ambiente inclusivo, que já possuíam o selo de acessibilidade. Coletamos dados por meio de mecanismos de validação automáticos e manuais. Durante a validação manual, os itens obscuros das interfaces, trazidos por usuários deficientes visuais, impulsionaram a análise e a discussão, possibilitando eleger categorias e pontuar aspectos considerados fundamentais para se ter um ambiente com qualidade de uso. Nesse contexto, discutimos a validade do rótulo de acessibilidade, a necessidade de uma Web Semântica e a importância da validação manual com usuários reais.<br>This thesis is part of a group of researches developed by the NIEE (Departament of Informatic in Special Education) of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) to improve the process of info-inclusion. Through the perspective of the user with visual limitation, the objective of this research is to study the fundamental aspects in Virtual Environments so they can provide Accessibility, Usability and Communicability to the visual disabled users in the context of the Universal Design. The theoretical references bring information about Virtual Spaces, Assistive Technologies, Web Development Standards, and Concepts of Quality in the Use of Systems. During the analysis of this thesis, motivated by a Previous Study in a Distance Learning Environment, we proposed to investigate three interfaces: two websites and an inclusive environment that already had the accessibility label. We collected data through automatic and manual mechanisms of validation. During the manual validation, the obscure items of the interfaces, brought by visual disabled users, motivated the analysis and the discussion, making it possible to define categories and aspects considered fundamental to have an environment with quality of usage. In this context, we have discussed the validity of the accessibility label, the necessity of a Semantic Web and the importance of the manual validation with real users.
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Lemos, Edith dos Santos. "Acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência visual em cursos no Moodle: guia para professores." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10674.
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This dissertation was developed by the Graduate Program in Educational
Technology Network, in line Educational Technology Management Research
Network and its final product one set of Visually Impaired to Accessibility Guidelines
in Moodle, as well as a Learning object to disclosure of the same. It is considered
that education must be democratic must meet all kinds of students, including the
visually impaired. To support the process of inclusion, considering the use of Virtual
Environments for Teaching and Learning (AVEA), different accessibility guidelines
have been designed to be observed in the creation of virtual educational resources.
However, what is observed is a shortage in relation to a closer relationship between
the policies and their applicability in such an environment. Considering the AVEA
Moodle, this dissertation aimed to create an accessibility guidelines guide to support
teachers in developing their disciplines or courses when they require assistance to
make available materials for students with disabilities and present them in an Object
Learning. This was developed as a resource of type Book Moodle, in order to
approach the teacher's guidelines when creating a course. After development, the
guidelines and the book were evaluated by teachers who used the book to create
courses in Moodle, assessing the guidelines itself, as well as the usability of the
feature. Also participated in the evaluation visually impaired students, and they held a
course developed by the author of this research in order to assess whether the
guidelines allow the creation of a more accessible way. In conclusion, after the
evaluations, this research may contribute to teachers who have students with visual
impairments because the way the guidelines were presented can facilitate the
organization and preparation of content and visually impaired students can learn and
participate equally.<br>Esta dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós-
Graduação em Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede, na linha de pesquisa de Gestão
de Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede e tem como produto final um Conjunto de
Diretrizes de Acessibilidade para Deficientes Visuais no Moodle, bem como um
Objeto de Aprendizagem para divulgação das mesmas. Considera-se que a
educação tem que ser democrática precisa atender todos os tipos de educandos,
incluindo os deficientes visuais. Para apoiar o processo de inclusão, considerando a
utilização de Ambientes Virtuais de Ensino e Aprendizagem (AVEA), diferentes
diretrizes de acessibilidade vêm sendo criadas para serem observadas na criação de
recursos educacionais virtuais. No entanto, o que se percebe é uma carência no que
se refere a uma relação mais próxima entre as diretrizes e sua aplicabilidade em tais
ambientes. Considerando o AVEA Moodle, esta dissertação teve como objetivo
criação de um guia de diretrizes de acessibilidade para apoiar os professores na
elaboração de suas disciplinas ou cursos, quando estes necessitarem de auxilio
para disponibilizarem materiais para alunos com deficiência e apresentá-las em um
Objeto de Aprendizagem. Este foi desenvolvido na forma de um recurso do tipo Livro
do Moodle, de forma a aproximar as diretrizes do professor no momento da criação
de um curso. Após o desenvolvimento, as diretrizes e o livro foram avaliados por
professores, que utilizaram o livro para criarem cursos no Moodle, avaliando as
diretrizes em si, bem como a usabilidade do recurso. Também participaram da
avaliação alunos deficientes visuais, sendo que estes realizaram um curso
desenvolvido pela autora desta pesquisa, no intuito de avaliar se as diretrizes
possibilitam a criação de um curso mais acessível. Como conclusão, após as
avaliações, esta pesquisa pode contribuir com docentes que tenham alunos com
deficiência visual, pois a forma com que as diretrizes foram apresentadas pode
facilitar a organização e a elaboração dos conteúdos e os alunos deficientes visuais
poderão aprender e participar de forma igualitária.
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Almeida, Maria do Perpetuo Socorro Castelo Branco Santos. "O itinerário da cidadania: a acessibilidade das pessoas com deficiência visual ao Centro Histórico de São Luís - Maranhão." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3035.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-05<br>Through this research, we proposed to investigate the phenomenon of urban accessibility, dedicated to people with disabilities, particularly people with impaired vision in his path in the Historic Center of St. Louis, in view of the space limitations that this imposes - by through its format and traces its streets, sidewalks and other buildings - these people, preventing them to move about independently and safely. We also want to know the implications of autonomous mobility impairment in the process of socialization of people with visual impairments, as in the Historical Center of St. Louis - has fallen space is protected under the aegis of World Heritage Site - is devoted to memory of the city and consolidated in the popular imagination, ideas and values that are expressed nowadays by: culture, economics, politics and social relations that grow there in the light of further syncretism, a product of the sacred and the profane, which gives meaning in the social organization of the city's population. We also seek to examine how people with disabilities are socially organized in the fight for their demands for citizenship and for the realization of their rights in order to better understand their interests, hopes and difficulties on the issue of accessibility. The starting point of some questions to find out the difficulties of operation of public policies regarding urban accessibility and character of urban life in the process of social inclusion of people with visual impairments. For this purpose this paper we use the abundant legislation on urban policy, with respect to accessibility in areas listed by the architecture and cultural, as well as documentary research, literature and field. More than one social exclusion caused by architectural barriers and lack of political will of public officials to promote accessibility for people with visual impairments in the Historic Center of St. Louis, adapting or adjusting this space to those, our research also revealed the existence of barriers attitudes, which are expressed through the culture that formed on the visually handicapped<br>Através da presente pesquisa, nos propomos a investigar o fenômeno da acessibilidade urbana, voltada às pessoas com deficiência, em especial as pessoas com deficiência visual, no seu trajeto no Centro Histórico de São Luís, tendo em vista as limitações que este espaço impõe - por meio do seu formato e traçados de suas ruas, calçadas e demais edificações a essas pessoas, impedindo que estas se locomovam com autonomia e segurança.
Pretendemos ainda conhecer as implicações decorrentes desse impedimento de mobilidade autônoma, no processo de socialização das pessoas com deficiência visual, uma vez que no Centro Histórico de São Luís - cujo espaço é tombado e protegido sob a égide de Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade está consagrada a memória da cidade e consolidado no imaginário popular, as idéias e os valores que se expressam nos dias atuais através da: cultura, economia, política e nas relações sociais que lá se desenvolvem em função ainda do sincretismo, produto do sagrado e o profano, que dá sentido na organização social da população da cidade.
Também procuramos examinar a forma como as pessoas com deficiência estão organizadas socialmente na luta pelas suas demandas de cidadania e para a efetivação de seus direitos, a fim de compreender melhor seus interesses, anseios e dificuldades na questão da acessibilidade.
Para tanto, partimos de alguns questionamentos para saber das dificuldades de operacionalização das políticas públicas com respeito à acessibilidade urbana, bem como do caráter da urbanidade no processo de inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência visual.
Para este efeito deste trabalho fizemos uso de farta legislação sobre política urbana, com relação à acessibilidade em espaços tombados pelo patrimônio arquitetônico e cultural, bem como de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo.
Mais que uma exclusão social provocada por barreiras arquitetônicas e pela falta de vontade política dos gestores públicos em promover a acessibilidade das pessoas com deficiência visual no Centro Histórico de São Luís, adaptando ou adequando este espaço àqueles, a nossa pesquisa revelou ainda a existência de barreiras atitudinais, as quais se expressam através da cultura que se formou sobre a pessoa com deficiência visual
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Thesbita, Lucinda Bittencourt. "Mapa tátil como recurso de acessibilidade à cidade: um estudo de caso na estação do metrô Santa Cruz da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-24042014-112924/.
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O direito à cultura, ao território, ao espaço deve estar disponível aos cidadãos. Quando um ambiente não apresenta recursos necessários para a orientação e mobilidade das pessoas com deficiência, dificulta a acessibilidade e restringe à estas o acesso a direitos básicos, ferindo portanto a cidadania destes indivíduos. Há a necessidade de recursos apropriados que facilitem a orientação destes grupos de indivíduos ao longo de seus percursos. No entanto, nem sempre esses recursos encontram-se nos locais necessários, e muitas vezes quando se encontram, não foram produzidos levando-se em consideração as necessidades das pessoas com deficiência visual. Dentro das possibilidades de recursos existentes auxiliadores da mobilidade das pessoas com deficiência visual encontra-se o mapa tátil. O mapa tátil promove a acessibilidade de pessoas com deficiência visual. Encontra-se diretamente relacionado à discussão geográfica de urbanidade, que se refere ao acesso à cidade, ao ser cidadão na cidade. Se relaciona desta forma com apontamentos referentes ao conhecimento e apropriação do espaço, do formar-se cidadão e de ser efetivamente cidadão na cidade. É, portanto uma discussão bastante significativa para a geografia. Nesta perspectiva, a presente pesquisa buscou, avaliar o mapa tátil presente na estação Santa Cruz do Metrô, da linha azul do município de São Paulo, como recurso de acessibilidade. Desta maneira, contou com a aplicação de entrevistas que foram realizadas com 6 voluntários, que possuem conhecimento do entorno da estação, bem como leitura braile. Realizaram-se entrevistas de maneira individual no intento de que as respostas não interferissem uma na outra. Posteriormente foram feitas análises destas entrevistas e verificou-se que os entrevistados são auxiliados por este recurso de maneira mais significativa, à medida que são maiores seus conhecimentos prévios sobre a área retratada no mapa. Sendo assim, este mapa tátil aparece, entre os entrevistados, como importante recurso no auxílio à acessibilidade. Verificou-se, a partir disso, que estes entrevistados estabeleceram relação entre seus conhecimentos prévios (da área mapeada) e os objetos representados. No entanto, há mudanças a serem feitas na representação visando potencializar o uso deste recurso, já que as pessoas com deficiência visual que não lêem braile, ou não conhecem a área, possivelmente enfrentarão dificuldade para lidar com o mesmo.<br>The right to the culture, to the territory, to the space must be available to the citizens. When an ambient does not presents resources to the orientation and mobility of the disabled people it hinders accessibility and it restrict people to access these rights, and this injure the citizenship of these people. For people with visual impairment there is a need of appropriate resources that make easier their orientation throughout their routes. However, not always these resources are in the required locals and many times they have not been produced taking into account their needs. Among the possibilities of resources for visual impairment people there is the tactile map. The tactile map related to the accessibility of visual impairment people is inserted in the urbanity geographical discussion that deals with the access to the city, with to be a citizen in the city. That is, it relates with notes about the knowledge and appropriation of space, about to be a citizen in the city, so this is an important discussion to Geography. In this perspective the present research sought to evaluate the tactile map in the Santa Cruz subway station, in blue line of the São Paulo municipality, as an accessibility resource. Thus we interviewed six volunteers that know the surrounding of the station and reading Braille. The interviews were made individually to the answers do not interfere with each other. Later we analyzed these interviews and verified that the interviewees are more assisted by this resource if they have a previous knowledge about the area depicted on the map. So this tactile map is an important resource in the assistance to the accessibility for the interviewees. It is from this, that these interviewees established relations between their previous knowledge (of the mapped area) and the objects represented. But it is necessary to modify some things in the representation aiming intensifying the use of this resource once the visual impairment people that cannot read Braille or do not know previously the area, possibly will have difficulty to deal with it.
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Campana, Anderson Rogério [UNESP]. "Análise da qualidade e usabilidade dos softwares leitores de tela visando a acessibilidade tecnológica às pessoas com deficiência visual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150749.
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Previous issue date: 2017-04-20<br>O deficiente visual é o público alvo da pesquisa, pois quando se fala em necessidades especiais, encontramos pessoas com as mais diversas precisões que carecem de alternativas de acesso as tecnologias em seu cotidiano. No decorrer deste trabalho tratamos sobre a deficiência visual, a legislação e demais dados pertinentes ao indivíduo com deficiência visual, que pode ser definido como pessoa que possui perda total ou parcial, congênita ou adquirida de sua visão. Abordamos quais tecnologias digitais estão disponíveis para inclusão dos deficientes visuais, momento em que foi sistematizada as análises sobre os softwares leitores de tela mais utilizados na atualidade por esse público alvo. Dando sequência, para possibilitar as análises da qualidade e usabilidade destes softwares, utilizamos as Normas NBR ISO/IEC 9128 e NBR ISO/IEC 14598 que regulamentam a questão de qualidade e usabilidade do produto de software. Posteriormente, com base nessas normas, foi então elaborado e aplicado um questionário para os deficientes visuais analisarem a qualidade e usabilidade dos softwares leitores de tela que eles utilizam no dia-a-dia. Com base nos resultados obtidos, elencamos sugestões para melhoria desses produtos, contribuições estas que poderão ser utilizadas por desenvolvedores para que cada dia mais se alcance a busca da efetiva acessibilidade para os deficientes visuais.<br>The visually impaired (a blind person) is the target of this research, because when we talk about special needs, we find people with the most diverse needs of alternatives to access the technologies in their daily lives. n the course of this work, we deal with a visual impairment, legislation and other data related to individuals with visual impairment, which can be defined as the person who has total or partial, congenital or acquired vision. We approached which digital technologies are available for the inclusion of the visually impaired, at the moment in which the analyzes on the software’s screen readers most used in the present time by this target audience. In order to make possible the analysis of the quality and usability of these software, we use the standards NBR ISO/IEC 9128 e NBR ISO/IEC 14598, which regulate the issue of quality and usability of the software product. Subsequently, based on these standards, a questionnaire was then prepared and applied for the visually impaired to analyze the quality and usability of the screen readers software that they use in their everyday life. Based on the results obtained, we list a couple suggestions for improvement of these products, and some contributions that can be used by developers so that each day more people can reach the search for effective accessibility for the visually impaired.
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Santos, J?nior Zulmar Jofli dos. "A Acessibilidade como ve?culo de inclus?o social: proposta de dispositivo computacional para os deficientes visuais da cidade de Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14909.
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Previous issue date: 2009-01-13<br>This study aims to propose a computing device mechanism which is capable to permit a tactile communication between individuals with visual impairment (blindness or low vision) through the Internet or through a local area network (LAN - Local Network Address). The work was developed under the research projects that currently are realized in the LAI (Laboratory of Integrated Accessibility) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. This way, the research was done in order to involve a prototype capable to recognize geometries by students considered blind from the Institute of Education and Rehabilitation of Blind of Rio Grande do Norte (IERC-RN), located in Alecrim neighborhood, Natal/RN. Besides this research, another prototype was developed to test the communication via a local network and Internet. To analyze the data, a qualitative and quantitative approach was used through simple statistical techniques, such as percentages and averages, to support subjective interpretations. The results offer an analysis of the extent to which the implementation can contribute to the socialization and learning of the visually impaired. Finally, some recommendations are suggested for the development of future researches in order to facilitate the proposed mechanism.<br>O presente trabalho teve como objetivo propor um dispositivo computacional capaz de permitir a comunica??o t?til entre indiv?duos com defici?ncia visual (cegueira ou baixa vis?o) atrav?s da Internet ou de uma rede local (LAN Local Adress Network). O trabalho foi desenvolvido no ?mbito dos projetos de pesquisas que atualmente s?o realizados no LAI (Laborat?rio de Acessibilidade Integrada) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa, envolvendo um determinado prot?tipo capaz de reconhecer geometrias, com alunos considerados cegos legais, do Instituto de Educa??o e Reabilita??o de Cegos do Rio Grande do Norte (IERC-RN), localizado no bairro do Alecrim, cidade de Natal. Paralelamente, foi desenvolvido outro prot?tipo, testando a comunica??o via rede local e Internet. Para analisar os dados, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, por meio de t?cnicas estat?sticas simples, como percentuais e m?dias, para apoiar interpreta??es subjetivas. Os resultados oferecem uma an?lise de at? que ponto a aplica??o pode contribuir para a socializa??o e aprendizado dos deficientes visuais, e por fim, s?o sugeridas algumas recomenda??es em termos de desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras no intuito de viabilizar o dispositivo proposto.
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Sousa, Kelly Aparecida Oliveira. "Uso de visão computacional em dispositivos móveis para auxílio à travessia de pedestres com deficiência visual." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1432.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-31<br>This project presents an application that is intended to assist the visually impaired in crossing streets using mobile devices. This work also examined the challenges and some solutions to develop mobile interfaces available that perform image processing for crosswalks and people detection. Further information is given about using the OpenCV Library for the Android platform and the differences in the processing of computer vision algorithms between the mobile and other environments. The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of the project. It is also pointed out the future work required to improve the current system.<br>Esse projeto tem como objetivo a construção de um aplicativo que tem o propósito de auxiliar deficientes visuais na travessia de ruas utilizando dispositivos móveis. Neste trabalho são analisados também os desafios e algumas soluções para desenvolver interfaces móveis acessíveis que executem o processamento de imagens para o reconhecimento de pessoas e faixas de pedestres. Adicionalmente são fornecidas informações sobre o uso da Biblioteca OpenCV para a plataforma Android e as diferenças do processamento de algoritmos de Visão Computacional entre os aparelhos móveis e demais ambientes. Os resultados apresentados mostram a viabilidade do projeto e a necessidade de trabalhos futuros nos campos de pesquisa estudados.
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Löfgren, Louise. "Hjälp mig se : En kvalitativ studie kring tillgänglighet på publika webbplatser." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54220.
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Enligt “Teorin om planerat beteende” så finns det tre orsaker till beteendet. Denna teori handlar om vad som påverkar en persons förväntningar och beteende innan de ska utföra en uppgift på en webbplats. Tidigare forskning har visat att tillgängligheten på webbplatser fortfarande är bristfälliga för personer med synnedsättning, eftersom de har olika behov och det spelar en viktig roll hur webbplatserna är uppbyggda och anpassade för personer med synnedsättning. Det ska vara lätt för användaren att hitta, förstå och kunna ta del av informationen på webbplatsen. För att kunna anpassa en webbplats på bästa sätt för personer med synnedsättning, bör en designer ta hjälp av olika riktlinjer för att kunna designa webbplatsen mer tillgänglig med bra och användbar information för personer med synnedsättningar. Men dessa riklinjer hjälper inte alltid användare med svår synnedsättning, eftersom de är i behov av olika hjälpmedel. Forskningsområdet berör områdena universell design, tillgänglighet, användarupplevelse, tillgänglighet och förväntningar på webben. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka tillgängligheten för personer med synnedsättning på Linnéuniversitets webbplats och studera om webbplatsen är tillgänglig för dem, och studera om webbplatsen uppfyller deras förväntningar och upplevelse till att använda webbplatsen. Studien har studerat hur tillgängligheten påverkar användarupplevelsen för människor med synnedsättning på en webbplats och vilka förväntningar som användaren har på webbplatser. En empirisk studie genomfördes utifrån användartest med uppgifter och intervjuer på den befintliga webbplatsen med hjälp av personer med synnedsättning. I detta arbete har fullständig blindhet uteslutits, eftersom det är helt annan inriktning. Resultatet av intervjuerna sammanställdes och kategoriserades inom tillgänglighet, upplevelse och förväntningar av webbplatsen utifrån de mönster där testpersonerna hade angett liknande svar. Resultatet av sammanställningen av användartestet och intervjuerna på Linnéuniversitetets webbplats visade att testpersonerna anser att webbplatsen är tillgänglig för personer med synnedsättning och att deras förväntningar på webbplatsen uppfylldes. Resultatet visade att det som påverkar tillgängligheten på en webbplats är dåligt utformade med dåliga kontraster som till exempel ljus blått på vit bakgrund. På grund av dålig utformade webbplatser så kan inte personer med synnedsättning använda sina eventuella hjälpmedel, till exempel talsyntes, för att läsa upp innehållet på webbplatsen åt dem. Rörliga bilder, placering av objekt, otydliga menyer och rubriker, dåliga typsnitt eller att texten är för liten så att den blir svår att läsa. Det som personer med synnedsättning förväntar sig ska finnas på en tillgänglig webbplats: bra kontraster, bra typsnitt och tydliga rubriker. Bra placering av element så att det blir lätt att navigera sig, inga rörliga bilder, kunna lyssna på innehållet och att kunna använda sina eventuella hjälpmedel på webbplatsen. Genom detta får användaren en positiv upplevelse av webbplatsen.<br>According to “Theory of planned behavior", there are three reasons for the behavior. This theory is about what affect a person ́s expectations and behavior before they need to perform a task on a website. Previous research has shown that the availability of websites is still inadequate for people with visual impairment, because they have different needs and it plays an important role in how sites are built and adapted for people with visual impairment. It should be easy for users to find, understand and be able to take note of the information provided on the site. To be able to customize a site in the best way for people with visual impairment, a designer should take the help of various guidelines to design a website more accessible with useful information for people with visual impairment. But these guidelines don't always help users with severe visual impairment, because they are in need of different means. The research area relevant to the fields of universal design, accessibility, user experience, availability and expectations on the websites. The purpose of this study is to investigate the availability of people with visual impairment on Linnaeus University website and learn about how the site is available to them, and to study their expectations and experience of using the website. This study has studied how accessibility affects the user experience for people with visual impairment on a website and the expectations that the user has on websites. To be able to examine, I conducted an empirical study based on user tests with data and interviews on the existing site with the help of people with visual impairment. In this work I have excluded complete blindness, because it is quite a different focus. The results of the interviews were compiled and were categorised in availability, experience and expectations of the website based on the pattern in which subjects had stated similar answers. The result of the compilation of user test and interviews at Linnaeus University website showed that subjects think that the website is accessible to people with visual impairment, and that their expectations of the website were satisfied. The results showed that what affects the accessibility of a website is poorly designed interfaces with poor contrasts such as light blue on a white background. Because of badly designed websites, persons with visual impairment cannot use any assistive devices such as speech synthesizers to read out the contents of the site for them, pictures that moves, position of objects, obscure menus and headlines, bad fonts or that the text is to small, making it difficult to read. What person with visual impairment expects to find on an accessible website: good contrast, good fonts and clear titles. Good placement of the elements so that it will be easy to navigate, no pictures that moves, ability to listen to the content and to use any means at the site. Through this, the user receives a positive experience of the website.
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Siqueira, Ana Lucia Farão Carneiro de. "Acessibilidade em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem: possibilidades para estudantes com deficiência visual." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2017. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1026.
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Previous issue date: 2017-04-24<br>This dissertation was developed in the Master's Program in Education, in the research's line of Pedagogical Formation and Practice of Professional Teacher, from the University of Western Sao Paulo. The research aims to analyze the resources needed so that virtual learning environments can enable accessibility, autonomy and independence for students with visual impairment. This research adopts a qualitative approach. The study was carried out at a Public Higher Education Institution (HEI), located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, which has been offering distance education courses since 2009, period in which was set up its Distance Education Center (known as NEaD). In this context, the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) used by this HEI in the offer of courses in distance learning was analyzed. In addition to the analysis of this VLE, with the purpose of enriching the data and analyzes carried out, as well as to identify the level of accessibility of the learning environment and resources available, this study considered the participation of two subjects, that is, two Students Target Audience of Special Education (known as EPAEE) with visual impairment. The following instruments were used to collect data: observation and semi-structured interview. Researchers such as Moran, Santarosa, Sonza, Schlünzen, Trentin, Valente among others were studied in order to address aspects related to accessibility and technologies. Based on data gathered from the researcher's observation, added to information obtained with the invited participants and the theoretical basis studied, it was possible to present indicators needed for the inclusion of people with visual impairment in VLE in online courses, understanding which changes HEIs should trigger to adjust the attendance to these people<br>A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado em Educação, na linha de pesquisa de Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, da Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral, analisar os recursos necessários para que os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem possibilitem a acessibilidade em um curso a distância, autonomia e independência de estudantes com deficiência visual. Esta pesquisa adota um enfoque qualitativo. O estudo foi realizado em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública, localizada no estado de São Paulo/SP, que oferta cursos na modalidade a distância desde 2009, período no qual implantou seu Núcleo de Educação a Distância (NEaD). Nesse contexto, foi analisado o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) utilizado por essa IES na oferta de cursos em EaD. Além da análise desse AVA, com o propósito de enriquecimento dos dados e análises realizadas, bem como da identificação do nível de acessibilidade do ambiente de aprendizagem e recursos disponíveis, foi considerada, nesta pesquisa, a participação de dois sujeitos, ou seja, de dois Estudantes Público Alvos da Educação Especial (EPAEE) com deficiência visual. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: observação e entrevista semiestruturada. Também foram consultados pesquisadores como Moran, Santarosa, Sonza, Schlünzen, Trentin, Valente, entre outros, para abordar aspectos relacionados à acessibilidade e tecnologias. A partir dos dados levantados da observação da pesquisadora, somados às informações obtidas através dos sujeitos convidados e da base teórica estudada, tornou possível a apresentação de indicadores necessários para a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual (PDV) em AVA, em cursos na modalidade on-line e quais mudanças as IES devem desencadear para adequar o atendimento a essas pessoas.
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ARRAES, IRIS CARLOTA DOS SANTOS. "THE MATRICULATION OF PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN RIO DE JANEIRO: AN EVALUATION ABOUT ACCESSIBILITY IN RELATED HUMAN INTERACTION PROCESSES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36340@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A acessibilidade é uma qualidade ainda pouco considerada na prática de projetos em Design, porém, cada vez mais necessária na nos diversos modos de interação entre o ser humano e os sistemas diversos. Existem nos dias atuais, muitas abordagens intencionadas a universalizar métodos para a produção de produtos, sistemas e ambientes que sejam acessíveis às pessoas com deficiências. A existência de tantas abordagens culmina, na mesma proporção, em frustrações no desenvolvimento de projetos em Design que objetivam o desenvolvimento produtos que sejam de fato eficazes, eficientes e que tragam satisfação aos usuários, no escopo da diversidade humana. Isto pode ser confirmado na rotina da pessoa com deficiência visual, que pode apresentar diferentes necessidade funcionais de acordo com o componente do olho que foi acometido. Essa dissertação se apresenta em uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de observação participante em campo, de caráter exploratório e experimental; fundamentada pela análise documental das leis relacionadas com a deficiência visual, acessibilidade, e com Educação Superior. Para investigar o usuário, foram utilizados questionários e entrevistas, que revelaram lacunas para as quais a Ergonomia apresenta métodos para a melhorar a qualidade na interação do usuário com deficiência visual, para as questões de Usabilidade e Interação Humano Computador; do Design Universal e do Design Universal para a Aprendizagem para as questões de acessibilidade.<br>The accessibility is a quality that is still under-considered in Design projects, but increasingly necessary in different ways of interaction between humans and systems. There are many approaches at present intended to universalize methods to design accessible products, systems, and environments for people with disability. The existence of so many procedures culminates, in the same proportion, in frustration in the development of Design projects that aim to develop products to be really effective, efficient, and bring satisfaction to users, in human diversity scope. It is possible to verify this fact by the routine of people with visual impairment that can present different functional necessities, according to the component of the eye that was affected. This dissertation presents qualitative research, outlined from participatory field observation, wich character is exploratory and experimental, substantiated by the documentary analysis of the laws related to visual impairment, accessibility and also to Higher Education. Questionnaires and enquiries were used to investigate the users. This data showed up gaps where the Ergonomics features methods to improve quality in user interaction to usability issues and Human-computer interaction; and Universal Design and Universal Design for Learning can improve Accessibility issues.