Dissertations / Theses: 'Visual abstraction in time'

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Tolmie, Julie, and julie tolmie@techbc ca. "Visualisation, navigation and mathematical perception: a visual notation for rational numbers mod1." The Australian National University. School of Mathematical Sciences, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020313.101505.

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There are three main results in this dissertation. The first result is the construction of an abstract visual space for rational numbers mod1, based on the visual primitives, colour, and rational radial direction. Mathematics is performed in this visual notation by defining increasingly refined visual objects from these primitives. In particular, the existence of the Farey tree enumeration of rational numbers mod1 is identified in the texture of a two-dimensional animation. ¶ The second result is a new enumeration of the rational numbers mod1, obtained, and expressed, in abstract visual space, as the visual object coset waves of coset fans on the torus. Its geometry is shown to encode a countably infinite tree structure, whose branches are cosets, nZ+m, where n, m (and k) are integers. These cosets are in geometrical 1-1 correspondence with sequences kn+m, (of denominators) of rational numbers, and with visual subobjects of the torus called coset fans. ¶ The third result is an enumeration in time of the visual hierarchy of the discrete buds of the Mandelbrot boundary by coset waves of coset fans. It is constructed by embedding the circular Farey tree geometrically into the empty internal region of the Mandelbrot set. In particular, coset fans attached to points of the (internal) binary tree index countably infinite sequences of buds on the (external) Mandelbrot boundary.

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Spicker, Marc [Verfasser]. "Quantitative Models for Visual Abstraction / Marc Spicker." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174143363/34.

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Gupta, Gaurav. "Visual region understanding : unsupervised extraction and abstraction." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z326/visual-region-understanding-unsupervised-extraction-and-abstraction.

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The ability to gain a conceptual understanding of the world in uncontrolled environments is the ultimate goal of vision-based computer systems. Technological societies today are heavily reliant on surveillance and security infrastructure, robotics, medical image analysis, visual data categorisation and search, and smart device user interaction, to name a few. Out of all the complex problems tackled by computer vision today in context of these technologies, that which lies closest to the original goals of the field is the subarea of unsupervised scene analysis or scene modelling. However, its common use of low level features does not provide a good balance between generality and discriminative ability, both a result and a symptom of the sensory and semantic gaps existing between low level computer representations and high level human descriptions. In this research we explore a general framework that addresses the fundamental problem of universal unsupervised extraction of semantically meaningful visual regions and their behaviours. For this purpose we address issues related to (i) spatial and spatiotemporal segmentation for region extraction, (ii) region shape modelling, and (iii) the online categorisation of visual object classes and the spatiotemporal analysis of their behaviours. Under this framework we propose (a) a unified region merging method and spatiotemporal region reduction, (b) shape representation by the optimisation and novel simplication of contour-based growing neural gases, and (c) a foundation for the analysis of visual object motion properties using a shape and appearance based nearest-centroid classification algorithm and trajectory plots for the obtained region classes. 1 Specifically, we formulate a region merging spatial segmentation mechanism that combines and adapts features shown previously to be individually useful, namely parallel region growing, the best merge criterion, a time adaptive threshold, and region reduction techniques. For spatiotemporal region refinement we consider both scalar intensity differences and vector optical flow. To model the shapes of the visual regions thus obtained, we adapt the growing neural gas for rapid region contour representation and propose a contour simplication technique. A fast unsupervised nearest-centroid online learning technique next groups observed region instances into classes, for which we are then able to analyse spatial presence and spatiotemporal trajectories. The analysis results show semantic correlations to real world object behaviour. Performance evaluation of all steps across standard metrics and datasets validate their performance.

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Boyle, Joseph. "Abstraction and the judgement of taste." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334496.

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Erikson, Mathias, and Haraldsson Ebba-Lotta Granbom. "Time, Abstraction and Morality : A quantitative study investigating the interactive effect of time perspective and abstraction on moral concern." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32153.

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Based on Construal Level Theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010), the present study examines the impact of temporal distance on moral concern. A manipulation on individuals’ mind-set has been made in to abstract (High level) versus concrete (Low level) mentality to inspect the ability to effect peoples’ moral concern. Our first hypothesis is that future-oriented people should show more moral concern than present-oriented individuals. Present-oriented people should, however, after an abstract manipulation show a higher moral concern, correspondent with future-oriented individual’s moral concern. 176 undergraduates from a Swedish university participated in the study. The respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire, and a scale was used to measure the individual temporal perspective (Consideration of Future Consequences scale, CFC) and then a manipulation was made. Half of the participants were allotted an abstract (high level) manipulation, and the other half were given a concrete (low level) manipulation. The manipulation was followed by a questionnaire that measured the moral concern, in the form of blame, attributed to morally questionable actions. We found a positive correlation between temporal focus and moral concern. The manipulation however showed no effect of abstraction on peoples’ moral concern. Nor did a two-way between subjects ANOVA show a significant interaction between temporal perspective and abstraction, providing no support for our second and third hypotheses. An environmental impact on the respondents is discussed as a possible reason for the results not being fully consistent with previous studies. For future research we suggest similar longitudinal studies, which would supply researchers with the opportunity to study the long-term effect on different types of moral.

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Oesterling, Patrick. "Visual Analysis of High-Dimensional Point Clouds using Topological Abstraction." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-203056.

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This thesis is about visualizing a kind of data that is trivial to process by computers but difficult to imagine by humans because nature does not allow for intuition with this type of information: high-dimensional data. Such data often result from representing observations of objects under various aspects or with different properties. In many applications, a typical, laborious task is to find related objects or to group those that are similar to each other. One classic solution for this task is to imagine the data as vectors in a Euclidean space with object variables as dimensions. Utilizing Euclidean distance as a measure of similarity, objects with similar properties and values accumulate to groups, so-called clusters, that are exposed by cluster analysis on the high-dimensional point cloud. Because similar vectors can be thought of as objects that are alike in terms of their attributes, the point cloud\'s structure and individual cluster properties, like their size or compactness, summarize data categories and their relative importance. The contribution of this thesis is a novel analysis approach for visual exploration of high-dimensional point clouds without suffering from structural occlusion. The work is based on implementing two key concepts: The first idea is to discard those geometric properties that cannot be preserved and, thus, lead to the typical artifacts. Topological concepts are used instead to shift away the focus from a point-centered view on the data to a more structure-centered perspective. The advantage is that topology-driven clustering information can be extracted in the data\'s original domain and be preserved without loss in low dimensions. The second idea is to split the analysis into a topology-based global overview and a subsequent geometric local refinement. The occlusion-free overview enables the analyst to identify features and to link them to other visualizations that permit analysis of those properties not captured by the topological abstraction, e.g. cluster shape or value distributions in particular dimensions or subspaces. The advantage of separating structure from data point analysis is that restricting local analysis only to data subsets significantly reduces artifacts and the visual complexity of standard techniques. That is, the additional topological layer enables the analyst to identify structure that was hidden before and to focus on particular features by suppressing irrelevant points during local feature analysis. This thesis addresses the topology-based visual analysis of high-dimensional point clouds for both the time-invariant and the time-varying case. Time-invariant means that the points do not change in their number or positions. That is, the analyst explores the clustering of a fixed and constant set of points. The extension to the time-varying case implies the analysis of a varying clustering, where clusters appear as new, merge or split, or vanish. Especially for high-dimensional data, both tracking---which means to relate features over time---but also visualizing changing structure are difficult problems to solve.

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Asfaw, Alemayehu Shitaye. "Development of real-time surface water abstraction management tools." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22307/.

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Efficient use of available water resources to meet demand, whilst maintaining the quality of the aquatic environment has become increasingly important. Water quality challenges associated with diffuse agricultural pollutions have also become widely recognized problems globally. This thesis presents the development of new approaches to improve surface water abstraction management with a view to mitigate the challenges associated with increasing pressures on availability of water resources for public water supply and diffuse agricultural pollution. The first part of the thesis presents the development of a real-time surface water abstraction management scheme that integrates a conceptual rainfall-runoff model, a Bayesian inference based uncertainty analysis tool and a water resources management model that incorporates various operating rules to represent real-world operational constraints. The developed approach enables efficient utilization of available water resources and thus provides improved capability to deal with emerging issues of increasing demand, climate adaptation planning and associated policy reforms. The second part of the thesis describes the development of a new travel time based physically distributed metaldehyde prediction model, which enables water infrastructure operators to consider informed surface water abstraction decisions. Metaldehyde is a soluble synthetic aldehyde pesticide used globally in agriculture and has caused recent concerns due to high observed levels in surface waters utilized for potable water supply. The model provides new approach to represent spatially and temporally disaggregated runoff generation, routing and build-up/wash-off processes using a grid based structure in a GIS environment. Furthermore, a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo based spatial uncertainty analysis tool is employed to assess uncertainties in the metaldehyde prediction model. The structure of the metaldehyde model combined with the availability of high spatiotemporal resolution data has enabled the application of spatial uncertainty analysis of the catchment scale metaldehyde model, which is currently lacking in water quality modelling studies.

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Tjäder, Henrik. "RTIC - A Zero-Cost Abstraction for Memory Safe Concurrency." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82861.

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Embedded systems are commonplace, often with real-time requirements, limited resources and increasingly complex workloads with high demands on security and reliability. The complexity of these systems calls for extensive developer experience and many tools has been created to aid in the development of the software running on such devices. One of these tools, the Real-Time For the Masses (RTFM) concurrency framework developed at Luleå University of Technology (LTU), is built upon a pre-existing, well established and theoretically underpinned execution model providing deadlock free execution and strong guarantees about correctness. The framework is further enhanced by the memory safety provided by Rust, a modern systems programming language. This thesis documents the work done towards improving the framework by studying the possibility to make it extendable. For this, a model of the present layout is required, which in turn requires a solid understanding of Rust's way to structure code. To realise such a large structural change it was advisable to join the open-source RTFM community as a core developer. This role included new responsibilities and required work within different areas of the framework, not only directly related to the primary goal. It also provided the insight that in order to reach the desired extendable structure, many other improvements had to be done first, including the removal of large experimental features. To aid the development, usage of state of the art Continuous Integration testing (CI) were key. Changes to such systems are also part of the development process. The name of the project changed in the middle of this thesis work, going from RTFM to Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency (RTIC). The implemented features and usability fixes detailed in this thesis improves the user experience for embedded system developers resulting in increased productivity while making the development process of such systems more accessible. These general improvements will be part of the next release of the framework. A version v0.6.0-alpha.0 of the framework has been released for testing. The experiences gained related to open-source project governance during this work are also presented.

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Stacey, Michael R. "A framework for multi-dimensional online temporal abstraction." View thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/43262.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2009.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Computing and Mathematics, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

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Shaeffer, Eric Michael. "Shifting perspectives point of view in visual images affects abstract and concrete thinking /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1236786651.

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Li, Mingde, and 李明德. "Time-resolved spectroscopic studies of hydrogen abstraction and decarboxylation reactions of selected benzophenone derivatives." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849356.

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Nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy (ns-TR3), nanosecond transient absorption (ns-TA) and femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) were utilized to investigate the photochemistry of ketoprofen (KP), ketoprofen-purine dyads, fenofebric acid (FA) in different solutions. For KP, the rate constant and reaction mechanism of KP are strongly dependent on the concentration of water. In neat acetonitrile and acetonitrile-rich solutions (water:acetonitrile?1:1, v:v), KP exhibits mostly benzophenone-like photochemistry to give rise to triplet state which in turn transforms to ketyl radical intermediate by hydrogen abstraction reaction. However, in aqueous solutions with higher water ratios (water:acetonitrile?80%) or acidic solutions, fs-TA studies found that after the irradiation of KP the singlet state will transform into the triplet state with a high efficiency through an intersystem crossing and a triplet state mediated decarboxylation reaction of KP is confirmed in water-rich and acidic solutions as well as the triplet state KP- anion generating a KP carbanion through a decarboxylation reaction. Triplet state ketoprofen (3KP) is firstly observed by ns-TR3 experiments and then excited triplet state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) induces 3KP to facilely undergo the decarboxylation reaction to generate a triplet protonated carbanion biradical (3BCH) species, this observation is also confirmed by the results from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For solutions with higher water concentrations (such as between 50% and 90% water by volume), the hydrogen abstraction and decarboxylation processes are two competitive pathways with different rate constants. For KP-purine dyads, intramolecular hydrogen abstraction has been proposed to form ketyl-C1 biradical in acetonitrile solvent. Fs-TA study on KP-purine nucleoside dyads reveals that 3KP of cisoid dyads decays faster than 3KP of transoid dyads obtained in acetonitrile-water mixtures. Ns-TR3 experiments and DFT calculations suggest that ketyl-C1 biradical intermediate is generated with a higher efficiency for the 5-KP-dG dyad than for the 5-KP-dA and 5-KPGly-dA dyads. There is no ketyl-C1 biradical observed in ns-TR3 experiments for the 3-KP-dA dyad with transoid structure due to a steric effect. For FA, a solvent dependent photochemistry is observed. A typical nπ* triplet state FA (3FA) is evolved by a high efficient intersystem crossing in acetonitrile-rich solutions and subsequently 3FA promptly abstracts a hydrogen from water molecule to generate a ketyl radical intermediate. In contrast, an inversion of the hydrogen abstraction and decarboxylation reactions of nπ* 3FA is rationalized with the assistance of water molecules when going from acetonitrile-rich to water-rich mixtures. However, in 50% PBS solution, FA carbanion is observed from the picosecond to nanosecond times and the cleavage of FA carbanion gives rise to the enolate 3- anion at later nanosecond delay times.
published_or_final_version
Chemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Kudra, Dritan. "Finding Termination and Time Improvement in Predicate Abstraction with Under-Approximation and Abstract Matching." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1875.pdf.

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Scott, Mark Alan. "Time-to-time information in interceptive tasks." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264712.

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Nassif, Samer Chaker. "Cooperative windowing for real-time visual tracking." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ30107.pdf.

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Palmer, Daniel Stephen Vaughan. "Participatory media : visual culture in real time /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000125.

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Blagrove, Elisabeth. "Time-based visual selection with emotional faces." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3623/.

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The biological and behavioural importance of the face has led to the proposition of several mechanisms dedicated to highly efficient specialized processing (e.g., M.H. Johnston, 2005). This is reflected in the attentional properties attributed to facial stimuli, especially when they contain affective information (e.g., R. Palermo & G. Rhodes, 2007). This thesis examines those attentional properties via a modified version of the visual search paradigm (i.e. the preview search task; D.G. Watson & G.W. Humphreys, 1997), which proposes that observers can intentionally suppress items seen prior to a full search array, for effective search performance (i.e. the preview benefit; D.G.Watson & G.W. Humphreys, 1997, 1998). The findings from this thesis show that it is possible to deprioritize previewed facial stimuli from search, although only a partial preview benefit was shown. Emotional valence of previewed faces had little impact on this effect, even when preview duration was extended from 1000-3000ms. However, when duration was reduced to 250-750 ms, negatively valenced faces were more difficult to suppress than positively valenced faces. In addition, when previewed faces changed expression concurrently with the onset of the full search array, the preview benefit was abolished, irrespective of the direction of the expression change (i.e. neutral to positive, or neutral to negative). A search advantage for negative face targets was demonstrated throughout all of the investigations in this thesis. These findings are consistent with previous work establishing preferential detection of, and selectively impaired disengagement from, negative faces (e.g., J.D. Eastwood, D. Smilek, & P.M. Merikle, 2001; E.Fox, R. Russo, R.J.Bowles, & K. Dutton, 2001). However, they also suggest the sensitivity of the visual marking mechanism to ecological considerations (such as the nature of the stimulus), and the overall relevance of emotional face stimuli to the visual system.

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Loxam, James Ronald. "Robust filtering for real-time visual tracking." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609503.

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Rossiter, David Paul. "Real-time visual displays for voice tuition." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10805/.

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Wagener, Thomas Dane. "Visual Effects and the Test of Time." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1244204910.

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Eklund, Christopher. "Time and narrative in depthless visual media." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025004.

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Lu, Shaowen. "A systematic multi-level abstraction approach to error constrained time-stepped accelerated simulation for MANETs." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435837.

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Douce, Perrine. "Existe-t-il un lien entre ce que je pense et ce que j’imagine ? : une approche processuelle centrée sur les pensées répétitives négatives et la perspective visuelle en imagerie mentale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH041/document.

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Les recherches actuelles en psychologie clinique sont centrées sur l’étude des processus psychologiques impliqués dans le développement et le maintien de nombreux troubles psychologiques. Deux de ces processus ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études : les pensées répétitives négatives (PRN), qui sont majoritairement verbales, et la perspective visuelle adoptée dans les images mentales (i.e., acteur vs. observateur). Bien que représentant des phénomènes distincts, les PRN et la perspective d’observateur semblent toutes deux avoir une fonction d’évitement et dépendre d’un processus d’abstraction centré sur l’analyse du « pourquoi » des événements (i.e., l’adoption d’un mode abstrait de traitement de l’information). Ces similarités fonctionnelles et processuelles amènent à se questionner sur les liens possibles entre les PRN et la perspective d’observateur. Pourtant, très peu d’études se sont intéressées à cette association. Par conséquent, cette thèse portait sur les liens entre les PRN et la perspective d’observateur en imagerie mentale, ainsi qu’à leur processus sous-jacent (i.e., l’abstraction) et leur fonction (i.e., l’évitement). Les résultats de quatre études corrélationnelles indiquent que les PRN et la perspective d’observateur ne sont pas associées. Ils répliquent aussi des résultats d’études passées sur le rôle de l’évitement et de l’abstraction dans les PRN mais pas dans la perspective d’observateur. Les résultats de trois études expérimentales montrent également que l’induction de PRN sur un mode abstrait n’a pas d’effet sur la perspective visuelle adoptée ou la réactivité émotionnelle et, plus globalement, que l’induction d’un mode abstrait de traitement de l’information n’a pas d’effet sur la perspective visuelle adoptée, les PRN, ou la réponse émotionnelle lors de l’anticipation ou le rappel d’une tâche émotionnelle. Finalement, une méta-analyse conduite sur les études publiées et les études menées dans le cadre de cette thèse semble confirmer l’absence de lien entre les PRN et la perspective d’observateur. Dans l’ensemble, il semblerait que les PRN et la perspective d’observateur en imagerie mentale ne soient pas associées. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard des modèles théoriques et des implications méthodologiques
Current research in clinical psychology is focused on the study of psychological processes implicated on the onset and maintenance of many psychological disorders. Two of these processes have been extensively explored: repetitive negative thinking (RNT), which is predominantly verbal, and the visual perspective adopted in mental images (i.e., actor vs. observer). Even if they represent two distinct phenomena, RNT and the observer perspective both seem to serve an avoidance function and be underpinned by a process of abstraction focused on the analysis of the “why” of events (i.e., the adoption of an abstract level of construal). These functional and processual similarities suggest a potential association between RNT and the observer perspective. However, few studies have examined this association. Therefore, this dissertation explored the association between RNT and the visual perspective in mental imagery as well as their underlying process (i.e., abstraction) and function (i.e., avoidance). Results of four correlational studies showed that RNT and the observer perspective were not associated. They also replicated results from previous studies on the role of avoidance and abstraction in RNT but not in visual perspective. Results from three experimental studies also showed that the induction of RNT at an abstract level had no effect on visual perspective or emotional reactivity, and more generally, that the induction of an abstract level of construal did not influence visual perspective, RNT, and emotional response during the anticipation or the post-event processing of an emotional task. Finally, a meta-analysis conducted on published studies as well as on our studies confirmed the absence of association between RNT and the observer perspective. Overall, it seems that RNT and the observer perspective adopted in mental imagery are not associated. These results are discussed in light of theoretical models and methodological implications

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Wu, David, and dwu8@optusnet com au. "Perceptually Lossless Coding of Medical Images - From Abstraction to Reality." RMIT University. Electrical & Computer Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080617.160025.

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This work explores a novel vision model based coding approach to encode medical images at a perceptually lossless quality, within the framework of the JPEG 2000 coding engine. Perceptually lossless encoding offers the best of both worlds, delivering images free of visual distortions and at the same time providing significantly greater compression ratio gains over its information lossless counterparts. This is achieved through a visual pruning function, embedded with an advanced model of the human visual system to accurately identify and to efficiently remove visually irrelevant/insignificant information. In addition, it maintains bit-stream compliance with the JPEG 2000 coding framework and subsequently is compliant with the Digital Communications in Medicine standard (DICOM). Equally, the pruning function is applicable to other Discrete Wavelet Transform based image coders, e.g., The Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees. Further significant coding gains are ex ploited through an artificial edge segmentation algorithm and a novel arithmetic pruning algorithm. The coding effectiveness and qualitative consistency of the algorithm is evaluated through a double-blind subjective assessment with 31 medical experts, performed using a novel 2-staged forced choice assessment that was devised for medical experts, offering the benefits of greater robustness and accuracy in measuring subjective responses. The assessment showed that no differences of statistical significance were perceivable between the original images and the images encoded by the proposed coder.

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Suresh, Nitin. "Mean Time Between Visible Artifacts in Visual Communications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16238.

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As digital communication of television content becomes more pervasive, and as networks supporting such communication become increasingly diverse, the long-standing problem of assessing video quality by objective measurements becomes particularly important. Content owners as well as content distributors stand to benefit from rapid objective measurements that correlate well with subjective assessments, and further, do not depend on the availability of the original reference video. This thesis investigates different techniques of subjective and objective video evaluation. Our research recommends a functional quality metric called Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) where failure refers to video artifacts deemed to be perceptually noticeable, and investigates objective measurements that correlate well with subjective evaluations of MTBF. Work has been done for determining the usefulness of some existing objective metric by noting their correlation with MTBF. The research also includes experimentation with network-induced artifacts, and a study on statistical methods for correlating candidate objective measurements with the subjective metric. The statistical significance and spread properties for the correlations are studied, and a comparison of subjective MTBF with the existing subjective measure of MOS is performed. These results suggest that MTBF has a direct and predictable relationship with MOS, and that they have similar variations across different viewers. The research is particularly concerned with the development of new no-reference objective metrics that are easy to compute in real time, as well as correlate better than current metrics with the intuitively appealing MTBF measure. The approach to obtaining greater subjective relevance has included the study of better spatial-temporal models for noise-masking and test data pooling in video perception. A new objective metric, 'Automatic Video Quality' metric (AVQ) is described and shown to be implemented in real time with a high degree of correlation with actual subjective scores, with the correlation values approaching the correlations of metrics that use full or partial reference. This is metric does not need any reference to the original video, and when used to display MPEG2 streams, calculates and indicates the video quality in terms of MTBF. Certain diagnostics like the amount of compression and network artifacts are also shown.

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Gee, David Malcolm. "A visual programming language for real-time systems." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386684.

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Giannakis, Melina. "4D Urban Reconstruction and Visual Representation of Time." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515077.

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Kim, Hanme. "Real-time visual SLAM with an event camera." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/59704.

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Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) based on computer vision has remarkably matured over the past few years, and is now rapidly transitioning into practical applications such as autonomous vehicles, drones, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) devices, and service robots to name a few. These real-time, real-world SLAM applications require instantaneous reaction to dynamic, real-world environments, the ability to operate in scenes which contain extreme lighting variation, and high power efficiency. The standard video cameras on which they rely, however, run into problems when trying to supply these, due to either huge bandwidth requirements and power consumption at high frame-rates, or diminishing image quality with blur, noise or saturation. The core work of this research concerns these constraints imposed by standard cameras, and was motivated by silicon retinas in neuromorphic engineering mimicking some of the superior properties of human vision. One such bio-inspired imaging sensor called an event camera offers a breakthrough new paradigm for real-time vision, with its high measurement rate, low latency, high dynamic range, and low data rate properties. The event camera outputs not a sequence of video frames like a standard camera, but a stream of asynchronous events at microsecond resolution, indicating when individual pixels record log intensity changes of a pre-set threshold size. But it has proven very challenging to use this novel sensor in most computer vision problems, because it is not possible to apply standard computer vision techniques, which require synchronous intensity information, to its fundamentally different visual measurements. In this thesis, we show for the first time that an event stream, with no additional sensing, can be used to track accurate camera rotation while building a persistent and high quality mosaic of an unstructured scene which is super-resolution accurate and has high dynamic range. We also present the first algorithm provably able to track a general 6D motion along with reconstruction of arbitrary structure including its intensity and the reconstruction of grayscale video that exclusively relies on event camera data. All of the methods operate on an event-by-event basis in real-time and are based on probabilistic filtering to maximise update rates with low latency. Through experimental results, we show that extremely rapid motion tracking and high dynamic range scene reconstruction without motion blur can be achievable by harnessing the superior properties of the event camera, and the potential for consuming far less power based on the low data rate property. We hope that this work opens up the door to practical solutions to the current limitations of real-world visual SLAM applications.

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Zupan, Zorana. "Control and development of time-based visual selection." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/85423/.

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Attention plays an integral role in healthy cognitive functioning, and failures of attention can lead to unfavourable and dangerous consequences. As such, comprehending the nature of attentional mechanisms is of fundamental theoretical and practical importance. One way in which humans can attentionally prioritise new information is through top-down inhibition of old distractors, known as the preview benefit (Watson & Humphreys, 1997). In the preview benefit, time is used to efficiently guide visual selection in space. Given that this ability is based on limited resources, its deployment in everyday life may be hindered by a multitude of factors. This thesis will explore the endogenous and exogenous factors that can facilitate or constrain the preview benefit, and determine its developmental trajectory. Understanding the nature of this mechanism (endogenous and exogenous factors) in adults can elucidate the contexts in which visual selection can efficiently filter old distractors. In turn, a developmental perspective can unravel the hidden aspects of this ability and inform when children are endowed to use temporal information for efficient attentional selection. Chapter 1 introduces the theoretical problems and topics of attentional research in adults and children. Chapter 2 addresses the question of endogenous control of top-down inhibition in time-based visual selection – when can top-down inhibition be controlled by the observer? Chapter 3 examines the exogenous influence of complex stimuli on time-based visual selection. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on the development of time-based visual selection for stationary and moving stimuli, respectively, in children aged 6 to 12 years. These chapters also examine the relative association of the efficiency of the preview benefit with the development of executive functions across different age-groups. Overall, the findings suggest that there exist remarkable endogenous and exogenous constraints in how time guides selection. This may account for why in certain contexts, attentional selection can fail to be efficient. Moreover, time-based visual selection shows striking quantitative and qualitative changes over developmental time, and most importantly, children have a long developmental trajectory in learning to ignore moving items. Unlike children, adults’ time-based visual selection is coupled with individual differences in executive functions, highlighting an acquired functional connection. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for time-based visual selection, the development of children’s attentional control for distractors, and impact routes for educational and clinical practice, and policy makers.

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Li, Tsz-kuk Christy. "Effect of visual feedback on maximum phonation time." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2007. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B42005747.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-28). Also available in print.

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Suarez-Pinilla, Marta. "Contextual modulation of visual variability : perceptual biases over time and across the visual field." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/80947/.

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The visual system extracts statistical information about the environment to manage noise, ensure perceptual stability and predict future events. These summary representations are able to inform sensory information received in subsequent times or in other regions of the visual field. This has been conceptualized in terms of Bayesian inference within the predictive coding framework. Nevertheless, contextual influence can also drive anti-Bayesian biases, as in sensory adaptation. Variance is a crucial statistical descriptor, yet relatively overlooked in ensemble vision research. We assessed the mechanisms whereby visual variability exerts and is subject to contextual modulation over time and across the visual field. Perceptual biases over time: serial dependence (SD) In a series of visual experiments, we examined SD on visual variance: the influence of the variance of previously presented ensembles in current variance judgments. We encountered two history-dependent biases: a positive bias exerted by recent presentations and a negative bias driven by less recent context. Contrary to claims that positive SD has low-level sensory origin, our experiments demonstrated a decisional bias requiring perceptual awareness and subject to time and capacity limitations. The negative bias was likely of sensory origin (adaptation). A two-layer model combining population codes and Bayesian Kalman filters replicated positive and negative effects in their approximate timescales. Perceptual biases across the visual field: Uniformity Illusion (UI) In UI, presentation of a pattern with uniform foveal components and more variable peripheral elements results in the latter taking the appearance of the foveal input. We studied the mechanistic basis of UI on orientation and determined that it arose without changes in sensory encoding at the primary visual cortex. Conclusions We studied perceptual biases on visual variability across space and time and found a combination of sensory negative and positive decisional biases, likely to handle the balance between change sensitivity and perceptual stability.

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Green, Alison McKenzie. "Abstraction, experience, reduction : time and periodicity in the work of Myron Stout and postwar American art history." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427490.

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Wanichnukhrox, Nakrob. "Real-time visual servo control of a planar robot." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175714583.

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Chekhov, Denis. "Towards robust data association in real-time visual SLAM." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508117.

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Turk, Matthew Alan. "Interactive-time vision--face recognition as a visual behavior." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13471.

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Myriokefalitakis, Panteleimon. "Real-time conversion of monodepth visual odometry enhanced network." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288488.

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This thesis work belongs to the field of self-supervised monocular depth estimation and constitutes a conversion of the work done in [1]. The purpose is to consider the computationally expensive model in [1] as the baseline model of this work and try to create a lightweight model out of it. The current work proposes a network suited to be deployed on embedded devices such as NVIDIA Jetson TX2 where the needs for short runtime, small memory footprint, and power consumption matters the most. In other words, if those requirements are missing, no matter if precision is extraordinarily high, the model cannot be functional on embedded processors. Thus, mobile platforms with small size such as drones, delivery robots, etc. cannot exploit the benefits of deep learning. The proposed network has _29.7 less parameters than the baseline model [1] and uses only 10.6 MB for a forward pass in contrast to 227MB used by the network in [1]. Consequently, the proposed model can be functional on embedded devices’ GPU. Lastly, it is able to infer depth with promising speed even on standard CPUs and at the same time provides comparable or higher accuracy than other works.
Detta examensarbete tillhör området för självkontrollerad monokulär djupbedömning och utgör en omvandling av det arbete som gjorts under [1]. Syftet är att överväga den beräkningsmässiga dyra modellen i [1] som basmodellen för detta arbete och försöka skapa en lätt modell ur den. Det nuvarande arbetet förutsätter ett nätverk som är lämpligt att distribueras på inbäddade enheter som NVIDIA Jetson TX2 där behoven för kort driftstid, liten minnesfotavtryck och kraftförbrukning är viktigast. Med andra ord, om dessa krav saknas, oavsett om precisionen är extra hög, kan modellen inte fungera på inbäddade processorer. Således kan mobilplattformar med små storlekar som drönare, leveransrobotar, etc. inte utnyttja fördelarna med djupbildning. Det föreslagna nätverket har _29,7 mindre parametrar än baselinemodellen [1] och använder endast 10,6MB för ett framåtpass i motsats till 227MB som används av nätverket i [1]. Följaktligen kan den föreslagna modellen fungera på inbäddade enheters GPU. Slutligen kan den dra slutsatsen med lovande hastighet på standard CPUs och samtidigt ger jämförbar eller högre noggrannhet än andra arbete.

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Wykowska, Agnieszka. "Sources and time course of mechanisms biasing visual selection." Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9002/.

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Richmond, Kristof. "Real-time visual mosaicking and navigation on the seafloor /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Cosma, Andrei Claudiu. "Real-Time Individual Thermal Preferences Prediction Using Visual Sensors." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422566.

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The thermal comfort of a building’s occupants is an important aspect of building design. Providing an increased level of thermal comfort is critical given that humans spend the majority of the day indoors, and that their well-being, productivity, and comfort depend on the quality of these environments. In today’s world, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems deliver heated or cooled air based on a fixed operating point or target temperature; individuals or building managers are able to adjust this operating point through human communication of dissatisfaction. Currently, there is a lack in automatic detection of an individual’s thermal preferences in real-time, and the integration of these measurements in an HVAC system controller.

To achieve this, a non-invasive approach to automatically predict personal thermal comfort and the mean time to discomfort in real-time is proposed and studied in this thesis. The goal of this research is to explore the consequences of human body thermoregulation on skin temperature and tone as a means to predict thermal comfort. For this reason, the temperature information extracted from multiple local body parts, and the skin tone information extracted from the face will be investigated as a means to model individual thermal preferences.

In a first study, we proposed a real-time system for individual thermal preferences prediction in transient conditions using temperature values from multiple local body parts. The proposed solution consists of a novel visual sensing platform, which we called RGB-DT, that fused information from three sensors: a color camera, a depth sensor, and a thermographic camera. This platform was used to extract skin and clothing temperature from multiple local body parts in real-time. Using this method, personal thermal comfort was predicted with more than 80% accuracy, while mean time to warm discomfort was predicted with more than 85% accuracy.

In a second study, we introduced a new visual sensing platform and method that uses a single thermal image of the occupant to predict personal thermal comfort. We focused on close-up images of the occupant’s face to extract fine-grained details of the skin temperature. We extracted manually selected features, as well as a set of automated features. Results showed that the automated features outperformed the manual features in all the tests that were run, and that these features predicted personal thermal comfort with more than 76% accuracy.

The last proposed study analyzed the thermoregulation activity at the face level to predict skin temperature in the context of thermal comfort assessment. This solution uses a single color camera to model thermoregulation based on the side effects of the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction. To achieve this, new methods to isolate skin tone response to an individual’s thermal regulation were explored. The relation between the extracted skin tone measurement and the skin temperature was analyzed using a regression model.

Our experiments showed that a thermal model generated using noninvasive and contactless visual sensors could be used to accurately predict individual thermal preferences in real-time. Therefore, instantaneous feedback with respect to the occupants' thermal comfort can be provided to the HVAC system controller to adjust the room temperature.

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Serrien, Deborah June. "Temporally constrained movements, learning and visual feedback processing time." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1987. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5874/1/000562976.pdf.

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Oesterling, Patrick [Verfasser], Gerik [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheuermann, Gerik [Gutachter] Scheuermann, and Thomas [Gutachter] Wischgoll. "Visual Analysis of High-Dimensional Point Clouds using Topological Abstraction / Patrick Oesterling ; Gutachter: Gerik Scheuermann, Thomas Wischgoll ; Betreuer: Gerik Scheuermann." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1240481624/34.

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Stigge, Martin. "Real-Time Workload Models : Expressiveness vs. Analysis Efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-219307.

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The requirements for real-time systems in safety-critical applications typically contain strict timing constraints. The design of such a system must be subject to extensive validation to guarantee that critical timing constraints will never be violated while the system operates. A mathematically rigorous technique to do so is to perform a schedulability analysis for formally verifying models of the computational workload. Different workload models allow to describe task activations at different levels of expressiveness, ranging from traditional periodic models to sophisticated graph-based ones. An inherent conflict arises between the expressiveness and analysis efficiency of task models. The more expressive a task model is, the more accurately it can describe a system design, reducing over-approximations and thus minimizing wasteful over-provisioning of system resources. However, more expressiveness implies higher computational complexity of corresponding analysis methods. Consequently, an ideal model provides the highest possible expressiveness for which efficient exact analysis methods exist. This thesis investigates the trade-off between expressiveness and analysis efficiency. A new digraph-based task model is introduced, which generalizes all previously proposed models that can be analyzed in pseudo-polynomial time without using any analysis-specific over-approximations. We develop methods allowing to efficiently analyze variants of the model despite their strictly increased expressiveness. A key contribution is the notion of path abstraction which enables efficient graph traversal algorithms. We demonstrate tractability borderlines for different classes of schedulers, namely static priority and earliest-deadline first schedulers, by establishing hardness results. These hardness proofs provide insights about the inherent complexity of developing efficient analysis methods and indicate fundamental difficulties of the considered schedulability problems. Finally, we develop a novel abstraction refinement scheme to cope with combinatorial explosion and apply it to schedulability and response-time analysis problems. All methods presented in this thesis are extensively evaluated, demonstrating practical applicability.

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Björkman, Mårten. "Real-Time Motion and Stereo Cues for Active Visual Observers." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3382.

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43

Diamond, Mark R. "The effect of saccades on visual sensitivity and time perception." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0038.

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Considerable evidence indicates that visual sensitivity is reduced during saccadic eye movement. A central question has been whether saccadic suppression results from a non-visual central signal, or whether the obligate image motion that accompanies saccades is itself sufficient to mask vision. In the first of a series of experiments described here, the visual and non-visual effects of saccades were distinguished by measuring contrast sensitivity to luminance modulated low spatial frequency gratings, at 17 cd·m¯² and 0.17 cd·m¯², in saccade conditions and in conditions in which saccade-like image motion was produced by the rotation of a mirror but when observers’ eyes were kept still. The time course of suppression was examined by making measurements from well before image motion began until well after it had ended. A tenfold decrease in contrast sensitivity was found for luminance-modulated gratings with saccades, but little suppression was found with simulated saccades. Adding high contrast noise to the visual display increased the magnitude and the duration of the suppression during simulated saccades but had little effect on suppression produced by real saccades. At lower luminance, suppression was found to be reduced, and its course shallower than at higher luminance. Simulated saccades produced shallower suppression over a longer time course at both higher and lower luminance. In a second experiment the time course of contrast sensitivity to chromatically modulated gratings, at 17 cd·m¯², was examined. No suppression was found; rather there was some evidence of an enhancement of sensitivity, both before and after saccades, relative to fixation conditions. Differences in the effects of real and simulated saccades in the magnitude and time course of sensitivity loss with luminance modulated gratings suggest that saccadic suppression has an extraretinal component that acts on the magnocellular system; the pattern of enhancement found in the later experiment suggests a selective favouring of the parvocellular system both immediately prior to and immediately after saccades. The possibility that the degree of enhancement in sensitivity varies across the visual field was examined using spatially localized stimuli (either high spatial frequency chromatically modulated gratings or letter combinations). Sensitivity was found to decrease at the initial fixation point during the 75 ms prior to saccadic onset and simultaneously to improve at the saccadic target. In the immediate post-saccadic period, sensitivity at the saccadic target was found to exceed that which had been manifest at the initial fixation point prior to saccades, suggesting that post-saccadic enhancement may improve the temporal contrast between one fixation and the next. The final experiments investigated the possibility that our sense of continuity across saccades (as opposed to stability) is influenced by saccade-induced errors in locating events in time. The results of these experiments suggest that saccades can result in errors in judging (a) the time at which external events occur relative to saccadic onset, (b) the temporal order of visual events, and (c) the magnitude of temporal intervals. It is concluded that apparent time is generally foreshortened prior to saccades. This might be due to selective suppression of magnocellular activity and might function to hide saccades and their effects from our awareness. A speculative synthesis is presented based on the idea that recurrent feedback between the neocortical and cortical structures on the one hand, and the thalamic nuclei on the other, has special importance for perception around the time of saccades

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Wilson, Pat H. "Does real-time visual feedback improve pitch accuracy in singing?" University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1526.

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Master of Applied Science
The aim of this investigation was to investigate the effects of computer-based visual feedback in the teaching of singing. Pitch accuracy, a readily-measured parameter of the singing voice, was used in this study to gauge changes in singing for groups with and without visual feedback. The study investigated whether the style of feedback affects the amount of learning achieved, and whether the provision of concurrent visual feedback hampers the simultaneous performance of the singing task. The investigation used a baseline–intervention–post-test between-groups design. Participants of all skill levels were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two experimental groups – with all participants given one hour of singing training. At intervention, the two experimental groups were offered one of two different displays of real-time visual feedback on their vocal pitch accuracy, while control participants had a non-interactive display. All sessions were recorded, and the vocal exercise patterns performed at baseline, intervention and post-test phases were acoustically analysed for pitch accuracy. Questionnaires assessed both general health and the amount of singing and music training of all participants; people in the two experimental groups were also given a further questionnaire about the visual feedback. The results indicate that visual feedback improves pitch accuracy in singing. Cognitive load related to the decoding of visual information was a factor at intervention. At post-test, the two groups who had used real-time visual feedback demonstrated marked improvement on their initial pitch accuracy. There was no significant difference between the results of participants from the two experimental groups, although the participants with some background in singing training showed greater improvement using a simpler visual feedback design. The findings suggest that a hybrid approach integrating standard singing teaching practices with real-time visual feedback of aspects of the singing voice may improve learning.

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Sutton, Jennifer E. "Attention to time, space, and visual pattern by the pigeon." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ30771.pdf.

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Gray, Robert David. "Estimating time to collision using binocular and monocular visual information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/NQ39267.pdf.

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Treptow, André. "Optimization techniques for real time visual object detection and tracking." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2938420&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Diamond, Mark R. "The effect of saccades on visual sensitivity and time perception /." Connect to this title, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0038.

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Mandava, R. "Real-time automated visual inspection of integrated circuit wire-bonds." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637995.

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Among the various stages in the IC assembly process, wire-bonding is a most crucial stage, that has a major influence on the yield, because it is a mechanical process which is being performed at microscopic scale. Wire-bonding involves making a physical connection between the bond pads on an integrated circuit die and the leads of the package that carries the die. With the most sophisticated bonding machines, the current figures of yield loss in this process are in the region of 40 to 1000 parts per million (ppm). However, the present process quality requirements of this process are being targeted at 3.4 ppm yield loss (6σ process). One possible way of achieving low yield losses is by introducing on-line process feedback through visual inspection. Post-wire-bond inspection has thus far been a highly labour-intensive manual process, limited to off-line sample inspection, for which no comprehensive solution exists to date. This thesis addresses this problem: working in close collaboration with a major IC manufacturer, Intel Technology Pvt Ltd (Malaysia), and concentrating on state-of-the-art integrated circuits, the defects that need to be detected by the inspection system are identified, based on the military standards for the quality control of integrated circuits MIL STD 883C. Then, using a collection of known machine-vision techniques, together with new techniques where necessary to ensure the required accuracy, speed and cost-effectiveness, a comprehensive IC wire-bond inspection system is proposed. The defect classification capability that is crucial to on-line process feedback is built into the algorithms.

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Barrow, Theodore H. "Distributed computer communications in support of real-time visual simulations/." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23180.

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Complex visual simulations can strain the capability of a single workstation. A mix of different workstations is often more economical than the use of a large processor for such simulations. Methods of communicating between such workstations are needed that allow the developer to spend effort on the simulation and not on communications. Simple protocols are developed to support both broadcast and direct-connect communications between workstations using TCP/IP on an Ethernet. Comparisons are made between broadcast and direct connect protocols. Keywords: Transmission control protocol(TCP); Ethernet; Computer networks. (KR)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Visual abstraction in time'

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