Journal articles: 'Visitor studies'

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Fernandez, Eduardo J., and Samantha J. Chiew. "Animal-Visitor Interactions: Effects, Experiences, and Welfare." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.04.01.2021.

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Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVI) within zoos and aquariums have become an increasingly studied topic. Influenced by both the broader field of Human-Animal Interactions (HAI), as well as visitor studies conducted in museums, AVI studies can be separated into two areas of focus: (1) Visitor effects, or the impact visitors have on the animals housed within a zoo, and (2) visitor experiences, or the impact zoo animals and visiting a zoo have on the visitors. Historically, visitor effects have been of primary concern to the study of AVIs, as have the potential negative impacts on the welfare of animals, particularly those of zoo primates. This special issue examines the impact of AVIs in greater detail through twelve recent papers on the topic, equally addressing visitor effects and experiences. Many of the papers focus on positive welfare indices, as well as less traditional measures to examine both visitor effects and experiences, such as visitor proximity and visitor interviews. In addition, we discuss the relevance of future AVI work, with particular attention to (a) increased interest in visitor experience research, (b) examinations of signage effects, and (c) continued focus on positive welfare indices and direct interactions, such as public feedings.

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Mayo, Cris. "Visitor." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-8141718.

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Zhou, Xiaoli, Chengcai Tang, Xingyang Lv, and Bo Xing. "Visitor Engagement, Relationship Quality, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041151.

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Visitor environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) is helpful for promoting the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Existing studies on visitor ERB tend to either focus on restraining visitors’ environmental misconducts or rely on visitors’ psychological factors. Based on the theory of engagement, this paper constructs a theoretical model to explain visitors’ self-conscious ERB. Visitor engagement with the destination is investigated as an independent variable which leads to the improvement of relationship quality and visitor ERB. Relationship quality is explored to mediate the impact of visitor engagement on ERB. In addition, the moderating role of environmental clue on the tested relationships is also examined. This study adopts partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate a total of 410 valid questionnaires. The results show that (1) visitor engagement with the destination positively affects visitor ERB; (2) relationship quality mediates the impact of visitor engagement on visitor ERB; (3) environmental clue plays a significant moderating role in the effects of engagement and relationship quality on visitor ERB. The study extends theoretical perspectives on visitor ERB and customer engagement, and provides managerially practical value to better understand visitors’ self-conscious ERB.

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Bitgood, Stephen. "Introduction: Visitor Studies — 1988." Visitor Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1988): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10645578809445734.

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Allmanritter, Vera, and Annette Löseke. "Visitor Studies Group Conference." Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2015-0210.

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Allmanritter, Vera. "Visitor Studies Group Conference." Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2016-0208.

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Allmanritter, Vera. "Visitor Studies Group Conference." Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2017-0211.

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Screven, C. G. "Visitor studies: an introduction." Museum International 45, no. 2 (June 1993): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1993.tb01097.x.

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Yalowitz, Steven S., and Marcella D. Wells. "Article Commentary: Mixed Methods in Visitor Studies Research." Journal of Interpretation Research 5, no. 1 (April 2000): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720000500104.

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In visitor studies, there has been some debate about the use of qualitative versus quantitative research methods. Many evaluators understand the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, but deciding on the most appropriate method can still be problematic. This article summarizes the tenets of both qualitative and quantitative methods and provides examples of visitor studies for each. It also reviews several research studies that have successfully used mixed methods to evaluate visitors.

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Chiew, Samantha J., Kym L. Butler, Sally L. Sherwen, Grahame J. Coleman, Vicky Melfi, Alicia Burns, and Paul H. Hemsworth. "Effect of Covering a Visitor Viewing Area Window on the Behaviour of Zoo-Housed Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071224.

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Studies on the effects of visitors on zoo animals have shown mixed findings and as a result, the manner in which visitors affect zoo animals remains unclear for many species, including a rarely studied taxa such as penguins. Penguins are a common zoo-housed species and have been shown to display huddling, vigilance and avoidance towards zoo visitors which can be indicative of fear. Here, we examined the effects of covering one visitor viewing area window, out of four, on little penguin (Eudyptula minor) behaviours that may be indicative of fear. Two treatments were randomly imposed on different days: (1) The main visitor viewing area window, where most visitor-penguin interactions occurred, was uncovered (‘Main window uncovered’) and (2) The main visitor viewing area window was covered (‘Main window covered’). Penguin numbers and behaviour were recorded near the main visitor viewing area window and the three other visitor viewing area windows, as well as one area not visible to visitors (‘Corner’ area). Furthermore, visitor numbers and visitor behaviour were recorded at all four visitor viewing area windows. Covering the main visitor viewing area window reduced the proportion of visitors present at this window by about 85% (p < 0.001) and reduced potentially threatening visitor behaviours at this window such as tactile contact with the window, loud vocalisations and sudden movement (p < 0.05). When the main visitor viewing area window was covered, the proportion of penguins present increased by about 25% (p < 0.05), the proportion of visible penguins preening in the water increased by about 180% (p < 0.05) and the proportion of visible penguins vigilant decreased by about 70% (p < 0.05) in the area near this main window. A preference for the Corner area was also found whereby 59% and 49% of penguins were present in this area when the main window was uncovered and covered, respectively. These results provide limited evidence that the little penguins in this exhibit showed an aversion to the area near the main visitor viewing area window when it was uncovered based on the increased avoidance and vigilance and decreased preening in the water in this area. This suggests visitors may be fear-provoking for these little penguins. However, it is unclear whether visual contact with visitors per se or other aspects of visitor contact, such as visitor-induced sounds and vibrations, were responsible for this apparent aversion when this window was uncovered.

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Loomis, Ross J. "How Do we Know what the Visitor Knows?: Learning from Interpretation." Journal of Interpretation Research 1, no. 1 (April 1996): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258729600100105.

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This paper presents a number of ideas for readers interested in finding what visitors learn from interpretation. First, some ideas from basic research in different fields of psychology promise applications of interest to interpreters. These ideas range from need for cognition to the newer definition of learning that emphasizes cognitive processes. I have termed these ideas a “top-down” application of knowledge from other fields to visitor studies. A second source of information about visitor learning comes from “bottom-up” efforts that are bringing forth ideas directly out of empirical research in visitor studies. Data-based studies are being used to suggest learning concepts specifically developed for visitor studies and thereby relevant to interpretation. A third source of information is the development of a process model of evaluation for exhibits and visitor-based programs. While this model is currently used to acquire information for decision making, it could hold promise for more intensive studies of visitor learning.

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ROGOWSK, Mateusz. "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Nature-Based Tourism in National Parks. Case Studies for Poland." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.2(58).25.

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The study aims concern to nature-based tourism in national parks, to compare visitor behavior and visitors’ spatial and temporal distribution in national parks during the COVID-19 (2020) and pre- COVID-19 period (2017–2019). The research is based on a pyroelectric sensors data, entrance fees and questionnaire survey of visitors, in order to: (1) assess the spatial and temporal distribution and changes of visitors, (2) characterize changes in visitors’ behavior. The visitor number and spatial and temporal distribution changed during COVID-19 period. The visitor’s behavior identifies three visitor clusters depending on the strength of COVID-19 pandemic impact on stay on national parks: High fear visitors (HFV), Low fear visitors (LFV) and No fear visitors (NFV). Each cluster represents a different attitude toward the pandemic and its effects. The research was conducted in two national parks in Poland: Stołowe Mountains National Park and Karkonosze/Giant Mts. National Park. The resulting data were compared with data from previous years. A total of 935 respondents participated in the survey, which demonstrated a significant impact of the ongoing pandemic on many aspects of the behaviors. Most visitors argued that the pandemic had not changed their behavior because society began to perceive national parks as safe destination with a low probability of infection.

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Learmonth, Mark James, Samantha J. Chiew, Andrea Godinez, and Eduardo J. Fernandez. "Animal-Visitor Interactions and the Visitor Experience: Visitor Behaviors, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Learning in the Modern Zoo." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 632–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.04.13.2021.

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Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVIs) have become commonplace in zoological institutions and facilities globally. However, most AVI research focuses on the effects of visitors on the welfare of animals, with considerably fewer studies examining the visitor experience itself. Furthermore, robust evaluations of the efficacy of zoo education programs and engagements for increasing visitor awareness of conservation issues, and for fostering long-term pro-conservation behavior changes in them, are under-researched. This paper reviews the current literature that pertains to the effects of zoo visitation and AVIs on visitor perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. We briefly note some of the known effects that zoo visitors have on zoo animals, then explore the effects that factors such as enclosure design, animal visibility and behaviors, and AVIs can have on visitors’ overall experience whilst attending the zoo. We suggest that future research needs to more closely examine the relationships and interactions between zoo visitors and zoo animals; why some zoo visitors over others repeat visitation; what the differences in beliefs and attitudes may be between “zoo visitors” and “non-zoo visitors” (i.e., other general public); and to make a concerted effort to understand: (1) what visitors do after they leave the zoo, and (2) whether visitors adopt long-term pro-conservation behaviors into their daily lives. We further suggest that future research needs to start investigating indirect measures related to the visitor experience, such as: (a) individual conservation support outside of the zoo; (b) internet activity; (c) changes in sustainable purchasing practices related to knowledge gains; (d) financial investment in sustainable or ethical companies after knowledge gains; (e) and the longitudinal effects of zoo visits.

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Woods, Jocelyn M., Stephen R. Ross, and Katherine A. Cronin. "The Social Rank of Zoo-Housed Japanese Macaques is a Predictor of Visitor-Directed Aggression." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2019): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060316.

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The effect that visitors have on the behavior and welfare of animals is a widely-studied topic in zoo animal welfare. Typically, these studies focus on how the presence or activity levels of visitors affect animals. However, for many species, and particularly primates, social factors, such as social rank, can also have a large impact on behavior. Here, we considered the influence of both the role of visitors (crowd size and activity levels) and rank on the occurrence of visitor-directed aggression by zoo-housed Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata, N = 12). We conducted 52 weeks of observation (443.8 h) of macaques living in a large outdoor habitat and recorded 1574 events of visitor-directed behavior, 94.2% of which was characterized as aggressive. We calculated rank using the Elo-rating method. GLMM comparisons indicate that rank was a significant predictor of visitor-directed aggression, with lower-ranked individuals displaying more frequent aggression towards visitors. Additionally, visitor-directed aggression differed by crowd activity levels, but not crowd size. These results support our prediction that rank is associated with differences in visitor-directed aggression, and we interpret this pattern as lower-ranking macaques redirecting aggression toward zoo visitors as safe targets. This work emphasizes how factors emanating from the zoo environment can combine with social dynamics to influence primate response to human presence in the zoo setting.

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Camp, Betty Dunckel, John J. Koran, and Mary Lou Koran. "Photographs as a Research Tool in Visitor Studies." Journal of Interpretation Research 5, no. 2 (November 2000): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720000500206.

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Photographs provide valuable descriptive data when used as a research tool. Studies in informal settings have used photographs taken by researchers and visitors to (a) document physical behavior and movement within the setting; (b) learn more about the setting visit and what was learned or remembered from the visit; (c) determine visitor satisfaction, interest, and exhibition impact; and (d) determine exhibition preferences of diverse groups. This article reviews how photographs have been used in informal settings, describes a study at the Florida Museum of Natural History in Gainesville that used photographs to examine student attention in exhibitions, and discusses the advantages of utilizing Visitor Employed Photography (VEP) as a research tool.

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Friedman, Alan J. "Visitor Studies: Convincing the Director." Visitor Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1993): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10645579309444700.

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McManus, Paulette. "Museum and visitor studies today." Visitor Studies 8, no. 1 (1995): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10645579509512659.

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Bitgood, Stephen, and Harris H. Shettel. "An Overview of Visitor Studies." Journal of Museum Education 21, no. 3 (September 1996): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10598650.1996.11510329.

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Schiele, Bernard. "Visitor studies: A short history." Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure 39, no. 3 (September 2016): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2016.1243834.

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Brown, Julian, and Saul A. Cunningham. "Global-scale drivers of crop visitor diversity and the historical development of agriculture." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1915 (November 20, 2019): 20192096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2096.

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Understanding diversity in flower-visitor assemblages helps us improve pollination of crops and support better biodiversity conservation outcomes. Much recent research has focused on drivers of crop-visitor diversity operating over spatial scales from fields to landscapes, such as pesticide and habitat management, while drivers operating over larger scales of continents and biogeographic realms are virtually unknown. Flower and visitor traits influence attraction of pollinators to flowers, and evolve in the context of associations that can be ancient or recent. Plants that have been adopted into agriculture have been moved widely around the world and thereby exposed to new flower visitors. Remarkably little is known of the consequence of these historical patterns for present-day crop-visiting bee diversity. We analyse data from 317 studies of 27 crops worldwide and find that crops are visited by fewer bee genera outside their region of origin and outside their family's region of origin. Thus, recent human history and the deeper evolutionary history of crops and bees appear to be important determinants of flower-visitor diversity at large scales that constrain the levels of visitor diversity that can be influenced by field- and landscape-scale interventions.

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Boyle, Sarah A., Nathan Berry, Jessica Cayton, Sarah Ferguson, Allesondra Gilgan, Adiha Khan, Hannah Lam, et al. "Widespread Behavioral Responses by Mammals and Fish to Zoo Visitors Highlight Differences between Individual Animals." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112108.

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The impact that humans have on zoo animals can vary based on the species of animal, exhibit design, and individual differences in behavioral responses. We independently analyzed data from 10 never-published studies that examined the impact of zoo visitors on zoo animal behavior. Of the 16 species studied, 90.9% of the mammal species and 60.0% of the fish species demonstrated a change in at least one behavior based on zoo visitor abundance or visitor behavior (e.g., noise, solicitation of interactions from zoo animals). In addition, behavioral changes associated with zoo visitors were present in animals housed in exhibits where there was direct contact with zoo visitors, as well as in exhibits where there was indirect contact and no direct contact. Individuals often varied in their behavioral responses, and some individuals appeared to seek out interactions with visitors. Our findings demonstrate that short-term research projects can provide valuable insight into individual animal-level and species-level responses to visitor abundance and visitor behavior in the zoo setting. We recommend that behavioral assessments focus on the analysis of behaviors of individual animals whenever possible, and we recommend that exhibits provide areas that allow for animals to retreat from the public view.

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Dicks, Bella. "The Habitus of Heritage: a Discussion of Bourdieu's Ideas for Visitor Studies in Heritage and Museums." Museum and Society 14, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v14i1.625.

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This article argues that Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual framework of habitus, field and symbolic capital has much to offer museum and heritage visitor studies. However, rather than focusing on his well-known critique of high-cultural taste, the discussion here concerns displays of the ‘ordinary’ and social histories - of occupations, crafts, places, communities. Habitus reveals how visitors to such sites are involved in making value judgments, not solely of aesthetics but also of the social identities on display. In particular, it directs analytic attention to the active positions that visitors take up during the visit. Instead of focusing on their immediate actions and responses, however, or on exhibitions alone, I approach the visit as a moment in a person’s life, where a relationship is constructed between an individual biography, a social field that assigns value to different identities, and the particular set of symbols encountered during the visit. It is suggested that these are appropriated as symbolic ‘tokens’ in accordance with individuals’ practical relation to the world they inhabit. Past experience, memory, and class become crucial here, as these illuminate the subjective stances visitors adopt to the symbols on display, which also involve important affective and non-ideational dimensions. Data from prior visitor research conducted by the author are reanalyzed to illustrate the points made. The aim is to show how visiting is a social practice that mobilises symbolic dimensions of memory and class experience, one which cannot be understood by examining exhibit-visitor interactions in isolation.Key words: visitor studies, heritage, museums, Bourdieu, habits, symbolic capital.

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Deng, Jinyang, and Rogelio Andrada. "Visitors' Spatial Movement Patterns and Market Segmentation in Washington, DC." Tourism Analysis 25, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354220x15758301241576.

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Visitors' movement patterns can provide important information on popular sites visited and the timing of visits. Such information can be used for transportation planning, appropriate use and management of tourism resources/facilities, and market segmentation. Traditional market segmentation methods typically use one or more nonspatial variables, which cannot reflect the spatial consumption of a destination if the spatial movement patterns are not considered. While studies on visitors' spatial movements in an urban area have recently gained popularity, few, if any, have investigated visitors' spatial movements in relation to urban forests (i. e., parks, gardens, and green spaces in an urban area). In view of this, this study segments visitor markets in Washington, DC based on dominant movement patterns of 1,090 visitors. General log-linear models are used to identify dominant movement patterns and poLCA in R Studio is used for segmentation analysis. Ten significant movement patterns are identified, including seven two-ward patterns and three three-ward patterns, with the National Mall as the most visited area in the city. Findings of this study are useful for the maintenance of urban forests, the design of visitor itineraries, and the effective marketing and management of attractions and facilities in the city.

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Suklabaidya, Paramita, and Monika Aggarwal. "Visitor Management at UNWHS." Atna Journal of Tourism Studies 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 81–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.24.5.

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Studies have shown a significant increase in the number of visitors to the site after being featured on the UNWHS list which leads to visitation pressure and impacts thereof on the site. Visitor management at the UNWHS is the need of the hour. The paper aims to critically analyse the existing visitor management plan at the selected UNWHS - Taj Mahal, the second-best UNWHS in the world with more than 8 million visitors every year (timesofindia.indiatimes.com, tribuneindia.com, indiatoday. in, hindustantimes.com, 2017), and to suggest numerous proactive and reactive measures to bring about an effective Visitor Management strategy for the Site. The descriptive and exploratory research methodology has been used along with a mixed approach of both Quantitative and Qualitative Methods. Literature review of Visitor Management practices followed at UNWHS globally and an in-depth study of opinion of different groups – Site Managers, Travel agents, Guides, Visitors visiting the site helped conclude, that to defy the harmful impact of the visitation and to give an enhanced experience, an effective marketing plan with strict conservation and preservation practices have to be implemented in collaboration with locals, stakeholders and the government agencies

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Monz, Christopher, and Abigail M. Kidd. "Understanding and managing wildlife jams in national parks: An evaluation in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 39 (December 15, 2016): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2016.5291.

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As recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas continues to increase, managers face rising concerns of degradation of natural resources and the visitor experience. Many park visitors are seeking opportunities to view or photograph wildlife. Visitor behavior in prime wildlife-viewing areas often involves visitors parking along roadways and exiting their cars to view wildlife. This creates a phenomenon known as a “wildlife jam”, as visitors park informally along a roadway, often becoming pedestrians as they view wildlife, while other motorists attempt to drive through. To date, no studies have comprehensively investigated this phenomenon. Our study characterizes the nature of wildlife jams on the Moose-Wilson Road in Grand Teton National Park. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology was used to collect high-accuracy data on location and duration of the jams. Observations during jams characterize size (how many visitors and cars were involved) and visitor behaviors during jams. Preliminary results suggest that jam characteristics including presence of park staff, species involved, and location, can affect the duration, extent, and visitor behaviors that occur. Understanding the nature of these jams will enable park managers to minimize the potential negative effects of jams on wildlife and the visitor experience. Featured photo by letdown102 on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/57jUok

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Bicknell, Sandra, and Ben Gammon. "Ethics and visitor studies — or, not?" Visitor Studies 8, no. 1 (1995): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10645579509512661.

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Bitgood, Stephen, and Ross J. Loomis. "Chan Screven’s Contributions to Visitor Studies." Curator: The Museum Journal 55, no. 2 (April 2012): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.2012.00133.x.

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Koran, Mary Lou, Patricia Pulido Willems, and Betty Dunckel Camp. "Situated Cognition: Implications for Visitor Studies." Journal of Interpretation Research 5, no. 2 (November 2000): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720000500203.

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The development of visitor studies can benefit from the growing bodies of research in cognitive and social science. Recent perspectives in learning assume that thinking and learning occur as individuals interact in specific contexts. This emphasis contrasts with traditional information-processing models that highlight the processing and movement of information through mental structures, deemphasizing the importance of context. The situated perspective can inform us about the ways in which the organization of classrooms as well as informal learning environments—such as museums, zoos, parks, and nature centers—may affect opportunities for productive learning. This offers new opportunities for exploring situational effects in informal learning settings and incorporating them within a larger psychological context. This article discusses illustrative ongoing research and its implications for visitor studies in general.

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SKOOG, ED. "from Visitor." Critical Quarterly 52, no. 2 (August 3, 2010): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8705.2010.01940.x.

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Lloyd, Matthew, Naomi Davies Walsh, and Bridget Johnson. "Investigating Visitor Activity on a Safari Drive." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2040041.

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Despite increasing studies focusing on the visitor experience in zoological collections, minimal attention has been paid to visitor activity when driving through safari parks. The dwell time of visitors at exhibits within a traditional zoo setting has offered a good method to measure exhibit and species popularity, but studying visitors on a safari drive offers a unique set of challenges, with factors such as road length skewing a basic dwell time measurement. Therefore, the current study proposes that average speed offers a robust means to investigate visitor activity on a safari drive. Average speed was found to be significantly different depending on species exhibited, with primates and felids eliciting slower speeds and bovids and cervids faster speeds. This result broadly mirrors that of traditional zoo studies where primates elicit longer dwell times. Future safari drive studies could help inform decisions made on a safari drive for aspects such a collection planning, drive layout and exhibit design. Harnessing tracking technology, e.g., GPS, alongside more diverse methodologies, such as questionnaires and multi-institutional approaches, would further allow more robust conclusions to be drawn.

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Weise-Pötschke, Saskia. "Visitor Books and Memory – Evaluating the Bautzner Straße Dresden Memorial Site's Significance for Former Stasi Prisoners’ Individual Memories." Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jnmlp-2021-0009.

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Abstract Memorial sites document aspects of history. Thus, they represent a historical past deemed relevant by the initiators in the public sphere. The former Stasi detention center and district administration in Dresden Bautzner Straße is a memorial site that is dedicated to a critical representation of the communist dictatorship in East Germany. This does, however, not tell much about the historical site's meaning to the visitors. In order to get an impression of the visitors’ spontaneous reactions and thoughts, I systematically examine and categorize the memorial site's visitor books. Through these books, memorial sites offer visitors the opportunity to write down their thoughts thereby enabling an open channel of communication. My focus is on entries by persons who explicitly identify as former inmates of the very detention center they visited. They make up roughly 10 percent of all entries. I examine which thoughts former Stasi prisoners wrote down having visited their place of ordeal. What feelings and thoughts emerge after the visit? My aim is to shed light on the memorial site's significance and importance for the prisoner's individual memory by analyzing the entries’ type and content. The visitor books offer an authentic and intriguing access to former political prisoners’ mental world and their individual memory. This contribution connects the media representation of the communist dictatorship and its meaning for the former prisoners’ individual memory.

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Rammell, N. F., S. D. Gillespie, and E. Elle. "Visiting insect behaviour and pollen transport for a generalist oak-savannah wildflower, Camassia quamash (Asparagaceae)." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.58.

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AbstractMany studies have investigated plant-pollinator interactions using visit records of insects contacting floral reproductive organs. However, these studies may not reflect the effectiveness of visits, since factors such as visitor behaviour and the composition of pollen on their bodies may influence conspecific pollen transfer required for fertilisation in plants. Here we study how pollen transport to a generalist wildflower, Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene (Asparagaceae), is influenced by the behaviour and body pollen of five functional visitor groups (Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)/Halictidae (Hymenoptera), Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Bombus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Osmia Panzer (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), and Syrphidae (Diptera). We found that functional visitor groups differed in their behaviour (Bombus and Osmia were legitimate visitors, contacting both anthers and stigmas) and in the amount of conspecific pollen on their bodies (A. mellifera had the highest levels and Andrena/Halictidae the lowest). Conspecific pollen receipt by C. quamash stigmas was high (>80%), and best explained by visitor behaviour rather than the proportion of visitors with high amounts of conspecific body pollen. Our findings highlight the utility of pollen analyses for understanding pollinator effectiveness.

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Yi, Taeha, Hao-yun Lee, Joosun Yum, and Ji-Hyun Lee. "The influence of visitor-based social contextual information on visitors’ museum experience." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 24, 2022): e0266856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266856.

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Visitor-centered approaches have been widely discussed in the museum experience research field. One notable approach was suggested by Falk and Dierking, who defined museum visitor experience as having a physical, personal, and social context. Many studies have been conducted based on this approach, yet the interactions between personal and social contexts have not been fully researched. Since previous studies related to these interactions have focused on the face-to-face conversation of visitor groups, attempts to provide the social information contributed by visitors have not progressed. To fill this gap, we examined such interactions in collaboration with the Lee-Ungno Art Museum in South Korea. Specifically, we investigated the influence of individual visitors’ social contextual information about their art museum experience. This data, which we call “visitor-based social contextual information” (VSCI), is the social information individuals provide—feedback, reactions, or behavioral data—that can be applied to facilitate interactions in a social context. The study included three stages: In Stage 1, we conducted an online survey for a preliminary investigation of visitors’ requirements for VSCI. In Stage 2, we designed a mobile application prototype. Finally, in Stage 3, we used the prototype in an experiment to investigate the influence of VSCI on museum experience based on visitors’ behaviors and reactions. Our results indicate that VSCI positively impacts visitors’ museum experiences. Using VSCI enables visitors to compare their thoughts with others and gain insights about art appreciation, thus allowing them to experience the exhibition from new perspectives. The results of this novel examination of a VSCI application suggest that it may be used to guide strategies for enhancing the experience of museum visitors.

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Hong, Ren, Wang Peng, Cai Weiguang, Li Dandan, Du Yongjie, Sun Junqiao, and Daniel Abramson. "Visitor Center Design Research Based on Resilience Theory." Open House International 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2016-b0001.

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Visitor center plays an important role in the normal operation and sustainable development of scenic spots, especially as a portal image of its management. This paper presents resilience theory for visitor centers to identify some common issues in designing visitor centers in China scenic spots, including the lack of function, loss of architectural characteristics, and difficultly in adapting to changes in the number of visitors with periodic variations. The framework of resilience theory was set from four dimensions, namely, resilience and match in the composition of ontology function, the extended function, integration of buildings into the surrounding environment, and alternative construction technologies and materials. This theory was explained and analyzed with the application of the theory in practice in combination with the design of Mount Hua visitor center. Results showed that resilience theory yields good application effect.

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Švajda, Juraj, Samuel Koróny, Antoni Zięba, and Paweł Adamski. "Perceptions of natural disturbance in Tatra National Park, Poland." Forestry Journal 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0011.

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Abstract Since the last decades, natural disturbances in forests including protected areas have intensified. They have the potential to impact visual quality and safety of visitors as well as spread beyond protected area boundaries. While economic and ecological impacts are well studied, there is still a lack of work focused on human dimensions and social aspects. This study examines visitor perceptions towards bark beetle infestation in Tatra National Park, Poland. The findings, based on visitor surveys collected during the summer of 2014, indicate the significance of different factors influencing visitor attitudes towards the bark beetle. Age of visitors and importance of the bark beetle issue for them (based on subjective ratings of importance of bark beetle issue for respondents) are the most prominent variables. Also place of origin and environmental worldview were recognized as significantly important variables in accordance with similar studies. Results suggest management implications for park authorities including public relations and environmental education in order to increase knowledge and support for natural disturbance and ecological integrity policies in the national park.

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Hedman, Anders. "Visitor-Oriented Design-Three Studies of Visitor Accommodation and a Call for Action." International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 15, no. 1 (February 2003): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1501_08.

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López-Álvarez, Jana, Yaiza Sanjorge, Sara Soloaga, Dietmar Crailsheim, and Miquel Llorente. "Looking for Visitor’s Effect in Sanctuaries: Implications of Guided Visitor Groups on the Behavior of the Chimpanzees at Fundació Mona." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060347.

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The question of ‘if and how captive primates are affected by visitors’ has gained increasing attention over the last decades. Although the majority reported undesirable effects on behavior and wellbeing, many studies reported contradicting results. Most of these studies were conducted at zoos, typically with little or no control over visitors’ actions. Yet little is known about the impact under very controlled visitor conditions. In order to fill this gap, we conducted this study at a primate sanctuary which allows public access only via a guided visit under strict supervision. We observed 14 chimpanzees, recording their behavior during, after and in the absence of guided visits over a 10-month period. Furthermore, we categorized the visitors regarding group size and composition to see if certain group types would produce a stronger impact on the chimpanzees’ behavior. As expected, we found visitors at the sanctuary to produce only a neutral impact on the chimpanzees’ behavior, detecting a slight increase of locomotion and decrease of inactivity during visitor activities with chimpanzees demonstrating more interest towards larger sized groups. We argue that the impact has been greatly mitigated by the strict visitor restrictions and care strategies allowing chimpanzees a certain control regarding their visibility.

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Sherwen, Sally L., and Paul H. Hemsworth. "The Visitor Effect on Zoo Animals: Implications and Opportunities for Zoo Animal Welfare." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060366.

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Achieving and maintaining high standards of animal welfare is critical to the success of a modern zoo. Research has shown that an animal’s welfare is highly dependent on how various individual animal factors (e.g., species traits, genetics, temperament and previous experience) interact with environmental features (e.g., social grouping, enclosure design and sensory environment). One prominent feature of the zoo environment is the presence of visitors. Visitor contact can be unpredictable and intense, particularly in terms of auditory and visual interaction. Depending on an animal’s perception of this interaction, visitors can have either negative, neutral or positive impacts on zoo animal behaviour and welfare. This paper reviews the literature on the implications and potential opportunities of human-zoo animal interactions on animal behaviour and welfare, with the aim of stimulating interest, understanding and exploration of this important subject. The literature to date presents a mixed range of findings on the topic. It is possible this variation in the responses of zoo animals to visitors may be due to species-specific differences, the nature and intensity of the visitor interactions, enclosure design, and individual animal characteristics. Analysing these studies and better understanding animal preferences and motivations can provide insight into what animals find negatively and positively reinforcing in terms of visitor contact in a specific zoo setting. This understanding can then be applied to either safeguard welfare in cases where visitors can have a negative impact, or, conversely, it can be applied to highlight opportunities to encourage animal-visitor interaction in situations where animals experience positive emotions associated with visitor interaction.

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Bitgood, Stephen. "Chapter 1: Professional Issues In Visitor Studies." Visitor Studies 2, no. 1 (January 1989): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10645578909443580.

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Yevchun, H., E. Dykyi, I. Kozeretska, A. Fedchuk, V. Karamushka, and I. Parnikoza. "Minimizing tourist impact on the Argentine Islands ecosystem, Antarctic Peninsula, using visitor site guidelines approach." Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, no. 1 (2021): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.669.

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There has been an ongoing increase in tourist visits to the Antarctic since 2010. These visits primarily concentrate on a small number of sites, increasing the possible environmental impact. One of the tourism hotspots is the central Argentine Islands in Wilhelm Archipelago. These islands, being one of the top 20 most visited Antarctic sites, consist of Galindez Island, Winter Island, and Skua Island. They are known for wildlife, rich vegetation (old moss banks, rich bryophyte and lichen communities, Antarctic pearlwort Colobanthus quitensis and hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica populations), spectacular views. They include one of the oldest Antarctic research stations: the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. Previously no measures have been developed to minimize the impact of tourism on this region. Thus, the Visitor Site Guidelines (VSG) approach and the numerous studies in the region were used to determine the central values of this site and to identify those key features that can be opened for tourists. In addition to the most frequently mentioned values, such as seabirds and mammals, we considered it necessary to mention the vegetation. We assessed threats to these values, distinguishing known and potential impacts. We have also analyzed and developed landing requirements for the studied area, including the most critical requirement to be considered, namely the number of visitors. We think that the maximum number of visitors should be 36 at any time and 270 per day, not counting passengers of yachts. This is the first time that the Visitor Site Guidelines were modified to limit the number of yachts visiting the site to three yachts per day. To reduce the tourist load at the station itself and at the same time to concentrate tourists in the studied region, we proposed two tourist trails: one for Galindez Island, the other — the existing trail for Winter Island. The prepared draft of Visitor Site Guidelines is given in Appendix 2.

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Simpson, Louis. "A Visitor." Hudson Review 40, no. 4 (1988): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3851140.

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Pozzi, Laura. "Going to the People." Public Historian 45, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2023.45.1.51.

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Scholarship on museums situated in the People’s Republic of China privileges the analysis of exhibitions over visitor studies. Based on the author’s research on the reception of the Shanghai History Museum’s representation of colonial history, this paper sheds light on the opportunities and difficulties of working with museum audiences in China. The article presents a qualitative analysis of the collected data, showing how visitors personalize and criticize the state-sanctioned anticolonial and nationalist version of Shanghai’s history. It argues that visitor studies are a useful method for examining how museum audiences renegotiate the meaning of exhibitions under an authoritarian regime.

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Hyun, Hyowon, Jungkun Park, Tianbao Ren, and Hyunjin Kim. "The role of ambiances and aesthetics on millennials’ museum visiting behavior." Arts and the Market 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aam-04-2017-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish a framework for millennials’ museum visiting behaviour and to explore the moderating effects of aesthetics and ambience for visiting art museums. This study uses the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) model (Mehrabian and Russell, 1974) in order to confirm the relationship among variables. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected using online surveys from millennial art museum visitors who had visited a museum within three months. In all, 287 responses were collected. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the model. Findings Korean millennial visitors pursue hedonic value rather than utilitarian value when they visit art museums. It turns out that hedonic value accelerates visitor satisfaction and promotes visitor loyalty more than utilitarian value in the art museum setting. Both ambiance and aesthetics play stimulating roles in the art museum context and moderate the relationships among visitor-perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty. Utilitarian values are identified as unimportant elements for young Korean museumgoers. Practical implications Ambiance and aesthetic factors play important roles in promoting art museum visits. An art museum may elevate its atmospheric factors by emphasising the visit’s fun value (i.e. hedonic value) for millennials. Originality/value This study expands on previous studies concerning conceptualization of multidimensional constructs of millennials’ value for experience of arts museums in terms of aesthetics and ambiance. The results also confirm the value of the S–O–R framework in an art museum context.

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Dawson, Emily, and Eric Jensen. "Towards A Contextual Turn in Visitor Studies: Evaluating Visitor Segmentation and Identity-Related Motivations." Visitor Studies 14, no. 2 (July 2011): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10645578.2011.608001.

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González, Rosa, Concepción Román, and Ángel Marrero. "Visitors’ Attitudes towards Bicycle Use in the Teide National Park." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093283.

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Few studies have examined visitor preferences with regard to public bike-sharing inside national parks. Here, we present a case study of the Teide National Park (TNP), the most visited national park in Spain. The TNP is a clear example of a natural site suffering the effects of mass tourism, largely due to the fact that 70% of visitors access the TNP by car. This puts the park’s sustainability under considerable pressure, may well affect visitor enjoyment, and highlights the need to implement alternative transportation systems. The main aim of this paper is to assess the attitudes of visitors to the TNP towards the implementation of a public bike-sharing system. To do so, we combine information on revealed and stated preferences and estimate ordered logit models to establish the determinants of the propensity to choose the bicycle to move around the park. Our findings suggest that the bicycle has potential as a means of transport in this setting. The results have implications for the design of mobility management measures aiming to increase visit quality and reduce the negative externalities associated with mobility patterns in national parks.

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Mwangi, Muhoro Grieveesbon, and Kibiro Eunice. "INTERNATIONAL VISITOR EXPERIENCE LEVEL IN URBAN DESTINATIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018.513.

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The purpose of this research was to examine empirically the international visitor experiences while in urban destinations Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology: The research hypothesis was constructed based on previous theoretical and empirical studies. A survey was conducted on 231 departing visitors to collect primary data from January to June 2017. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to measure the linear correlation between international visitor experiences and urban destinations. Main findings: The results found out that visitor experience levels have direct positive influence on visitors’ visitation to Nairobi’s urban tourist attractions and thus directly influenced their return intention through their destination satisfaction process. Implications: Destination managers and tourism organizations particularly service organizations need to take into account of the satisfaction levels and the level of experience of urban visitors to enhance their revisits. Novelty: The findings of this research have provided to the understanding of valuable practical information about visitors experiences while in urban destinations. This information could be used in promotional strategies, product development, and urban planning frameworks should be geared to meet destination demand and sustainable urban tourism development.

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Podturkin, Aleksei A. "Behavioral Changes of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) during COVID-19 Zoo Closures and Further Reopening to the Public." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 2 (June 11, 2022): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3020021.

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Visitor effect studies have been of keen interest for decades, but there have been only anecdotal opportunities to investigate the impact of the prolonged absence of visitors on animal welfare in zoos. In some zoos, bears are actively involved in animal–visitors interaction through begging, which gives them some degree of control over gaining food rewards throughout the day when visitors are present. Prolonged visitor absence may, therefore, represent a loss of control and have a negative impact on the bears’ welfare. In this study, we investigate the behavior of four brown bears (Ursus arctos) in three zoos to see how the animals’ behavior changed depending on the presence and absence of the public during zoo closures in 2020 related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The bears’ behavior was assessed using activity budget analysis and novel object tests. The results showed that the bears behavior varied between facilities and that there was no effect of visitor presence for the individuals who had access to indoor holding space. The results of the study are discussed in terms of choice and control and their impact on the wellbeing of bears in zoos.

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Everett, Michele, and Margaret S. Barrett. "Investigating Sustained Visitor/Museum Relationships: Employing Narrative Research in the Field of Museum Visitor Studies." Visitor Studies 12, no. 1 (April 27, 2009): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10645570902769084.

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Bandelli, Andrea. "Assessing scientific citizenship through science centre visitor studies." Journal of Science Communication 13, no. 01 (March 13, 2014): C05. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.13010305.

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As science museums and centres (SMC) broaden their practices to include the development of scientific citizenship, evaluation needs also to take account of this dimension of their practices. It requires complex methods to understand better the impacts of public participation in activities mediated by SMC, including their impacts on the governance of the SMC themselves.

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Moussouri, Theano, and George Roussos. "Conducting Visitor Studies Using Smartphone-Based Location Sensing." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 8, no. 3 (May 7, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2677083.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Visitor studies'

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