Relevant bibliographies by topics / Visitor perception

Academic literature on the topic 'Visitor perception'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Visitor perception"

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Nur Isnania, Fatra, and Aris Budiono. "Kepuasan Pengunjung Taman Impian Jaya Ancol yang Di Pengaruhi Daya Tarik Wisata, Life Style Dengan Persepsi Harga Sebagai Variabel Mediasi." MAMEN: Jurnal Manajemen 1, no. 3 (July 30, 2022): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/mamen.v1i3.683.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of tourist attraction and lifestyle on visitor satisfaction through price perception at Taman Impian Jaya Ancol Jakarta. Data was obtained in April 2022 with as many as 100 respondents with 20 respondents for validity and reliability tests and 80 respondents for path analysis tests, sampling using the Roscoe technique, all of whom were visitors to Taman Impian Jaya Ancol. The path analysis technique shows the direct and indirect path as the dependent variable to the independent variable. This study resulted in several conclusions as follows: tourist attraction has a significant effect on price perception, lifestyle has a significant impact on price perception, tourist attraction has no considerable effect on visitor satisfaction, lifestyle has a substantial impact on visitor satisfaction, price perception has a significant effect on visitor satisfaction, tourist attraction has no impact on visitor satisfaction through price perception, lifestyle does not affect visitor satisfaction through price perception
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Nurani, Indah Asikin. "PAMERAN MUSEUM SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI: KAJIAN BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI MODEL KAPLAN." Berkala Arkeologi 29, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v29i2.382.

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Exhibition at the museum is one of the communications media that can be used to present level of civilization and culture of a nation based on cultural materials on display. The essence of communication is the perception that is how visitors are able to accurately perceive the information presented in museum exhibits. Visitor perceptions of accuracy of the information depends on how curator described the encoding within the exhibitions. Formation of a person's perception of the stimulus preceded the arrest sensing nerves, then there's perception of the object, and finally the brain sends impulses through the motor nerve action. Arc sensingperception- reaction in psychology called the reflex arc. This paper describes how far the level of accuracy for the management of visitor perceptions of the exhibition at the Museum Sonobudoyo based on Kaplan's model of four variables namely coherent, easily understood, complexity, and mystery. The data was collected through questionnaires to 65 respondents.
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Ahmad, Jazuli. "Persepsi Pengunjung Pada Museum Sebagai Tempat Tujuan Wisata Dan Media Pendidikan Non-Formal Untuk Meningkatkan Apresiasi Nilai-Nilai Kejuangan." Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jrm.v2i1.163.

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This research is motivated by the significant difference between the museum visitor in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to determine whether any differences in the perception of visitors of the museum as a tourist destination, the media of non-formal education as an object to increase the appreciation to historical values. The population in this study are all visitors who comes to the museum in Yogyakarta. Total of samples are 120 respondents and using purposive sampling method. Purposive sampling included in non-probability sampling techniques.Based on statistical data analysis, the statement in this research is valid and reliable because that is consistent and reliable fixed anytime and by anyone who will conduct research in a similar context. While the Chi quare test showed no visitors who have different perceptions and there is a visitor who does not have different perceptions of the factors that affect visitors to the museum in Yogyakarta. This can be seen from the results of the P value (Asymp. Sig.)> 0.05 and P value (Asymp. Sig.) <0.05. And for crosstab test results also showed no variables are interrelated and there is a variable that does not have a relationship because there is a calculated value of > table and calculate the < table.To maintain and increase the number of visitor, museum management should strive to improve and enhance the indicators that have value Asymp Sig. > 0.05 so that the perception of the museum’s visitors better than before. Meanwhile, in order to compete in the competitive business engaged in the service, the museum should improve the relationship between the variables and the other variables especially those with a low count .Keywords: perception, Museum in Yogyakarta
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Enseñat-Soberanis, Fernando, and Rocío Blanco-Gregory. "Crowding Perception at the Archaeological Site of Tulum, Mexico: A Key Indicator for Sustainable Cultural Tourism." Land 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101651.

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Just before the lockdown caused by the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, the archeological sites close to the Mexican Caribbean were having an exponential number of visitors. The restrictions on traveling due to the pandemic resulted in a decrease in the number of visitors; however, the visitor flow is rising again. This scenario provides a historical opportunity to carry out strategies towards the visitor’s management as well as to awake consciousness of the damage caused by the excess of visitors in cultural heritage sites. Establishing limits on the number of visitors is a well-recognized strategy to achieve sustainability in a cultural heritage site. An excess of visitors has an impact on two elements: the cultural resource and the quality of the visitor experience. Crowding perception has been demonstrated to be an effective indicator to evaluate the visitor experience and to determine standards of quality in cultural and natural sites. The place of origin of visitors is among the sociodemographic factors that can affect crowding standards. This study used a quantitative questionnaire based on normative theory and a visual method to identify the crowding standards of national and international visitors at the Mayan archaeological site of Tulum located in the vicinity of the Mexican Caribbean resort of Cancun. The results show that general visitor acceptability decreases as the number of people increase. International visitors are less tolerant to crowding than national visitors as they show the most restrictive acceptable level of people at the same time at the archaeological site. Findings are discussed in terms of their management implications for the development of a tourism-carrying capacity framework for cultural sites, thereby contributing to the achievement of more sustainable cultural tourism.
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Noor, Muhammad Fauzan, Rini Koen Iswandari, and Dini Zulfiani. "Identifikasi Pengunjung Pada Pantai Panrita Lopi, Kecamatan Muara Badak." EDUTOURISM Journal Of Tourism Research 3, no. 02 (January 5, 2022): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53050/ejtr.v3i02.185.

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Panrita Lopi Beach is one of the natural tourist destinations that needs to be surveyed by visitors in order to identify and determine strategies for developing tourist attractions and also marketing in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of tourists and travel patterns of tourists who visit and to determine the perception of the level of tourist satisfaction with infrastructure products, public facilities and tourism facilities in this tourist destination. The main variables used in segmenting comprise: Geographic Segmentation, Demographic Segmentation, Psychographic Segmentation, and Behavior-based Segmentation. This research is a type of survey research with a qualitative descriptive approach. I carried out data collection from primary data sources and secondary data sources. The sample used in this study is a non-probability sampling technique by accidental sampling, namely a sampling technique based on chance, anyone who coincidentally meets a researcher can be used as a sample, if it is deemed that the person who was met is suitable as a data source. Data that has been collected from research results related to typology (characteristics, travel patterns) and visitor perceptions can be analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The analyzed data comes from surveys through questionnaires that have been given to visitors, including data on visitor profiles, visitor travel patterns, and visitor perceptions about this Panrita Lopi beach.
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Fotiadis, Anestis, and Metin Kozak. "Managing the perception of service quality; the importance of understanding differences between demographic and behavioural customer segments amongst theme park visitors." Facilities 35, no. 9/10 (July 4, 2017): 486–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2016-0016.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the perception of service quality among various demographic and behavioural visitor segments within the theme park tourism market. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire which was distributed to 655 theme park visitors. Different groups of visitors were identified through the use of cluster analysis based on the evaluation of both demographic variables and a number of behavioural factors associated with their characteristics in terms of “time and cost” allocations for visits to a theme park. Findings The findings confirm that differences in demographic characteristics significantly affect perceptions of visitors as demonstrated in the way they are likely to evaluate importance and performance factors in a theme park’s delivery of services. In contrast, behavioural segmentation in terms of time allocation and associated expenditure is unlikely to produce significant differences in the visitors’ perceptions of the level of service provided. Originality/value Although there are many studies related to visitors’ perceived service quality, none of them use the same methodology as applied in this study of theme park industry. The research results reveal important implications for the theme park industry because of this new understanding of the segmentation differences for visitor-perceived service quality. By directing attention of management to these differences, improvements in service quality perceptions can more readily be achieved.
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Paraskevaidis, Pavlos, and Adi Weidenfeld. "Sign consumption and sign promotion in visitor attractions." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 1937–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2018-0543.

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PurposeDrawing upon Baudrillard’s concept of sign-value, this study aims to investigate consumer behavior and sign perception in visitor attractions.Design/methodology/approachBy adopting netnography, 133 customer-to-customer reviews sourced from TripAdvisor were analyzed regarding visitors’ online post-visit impressions.FindingsThe findings reveal that netnography contributes to a deeper understanding of sign consumption and sign promotion and examines how visitors attribute symbolic meanings to their experience in Titanic Belfast.Practical implicationsThe findings show that the co-creation and reevaluation of the visitor experience through consumers’ online reviews should be taken into account by both managers and marketers. Furthermore, advertising should avoid creating excessive expectations to visitors to decrease the possibility of negative disconfirmation, which can be easily and instantly spread online. Another implication concerns the winning awards of visitor attractions, hotels and restaurants of a destination which may be used as a basis of co-branding marketing campaigns to enhance destination brand image.Social implicationsThis study continues the debate on the commodification of the visitor experience and the commercialization of visitor attractions.Originality/valueThis paper provides better understanding of sign-value, sign consumption and sign promotion in the visitor attraction sector.
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Suherman, Suherman, and Ivonne Ayesha. "CHARACTERISTICS AND PERCEPTION OF VISITORS ON UJUNG KULON NATIONAL PARK (UKNP)." UNES Journal of Social And Economics Research 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 074. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/ujser.3.1.074-088.2018.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and analyze visitor perceptions of TNUK. The study was conducted in 2015 with a descriptive-exploratory method. A sample of 150 TNUK visitors in 2014 was determined randomly. The data used is primary data obtained through direct interviews using a questionnaire. Data is analyzed descriptively by tabulating the results of the questionnaire and providing scoring in accordance with the predetermined assessment system. Data analysis results are displayed in table form. The results of the study conclude: 1. The majority of TNUK visitors are men aged 21 to 25 years, generally students. This is related to the function of TNUK as an object of scientific development. Besides that, visitors also come from foreign tourists, mostly from Asia. The fewest domestic visitors come from Papua, while foreign tourists are the least from America. In general, first time visitors come to TNUK conservation area and already know / know it between 1 to 3 years. Usually visitors are in TNUK more than 10 hours; 2. Visitor perceptions regarding completeness of facilities, fame of recreational places, information providers, selection of visiting times and recreational payment facilities, including good categories on the continuum of visitors' perceptions. Facility completeness is the lowest percentage value. This shows that visitors feel that the facilities available in TNUK are not fully in accordance with the needs of visitors.
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Bhandari, Harveen. "Religious Tourism and Visitor Perception: A Case Study Analysis." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 6335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.6335ecst.

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Religious tourism is a popular and significant form of tourism that attracts people all over the world and across all religions. These religious heritage sites have different stakeholders and the success of this tourism lies in its stakeholder’s engagement and motivation to manage such religious heritage sites. The current study assesses the perception of different typologies of visitors who visit a religious heritage site in India to deduce significant findings that will enrich visitor spiritual experience. A mix of qualitative and quantitative methods was used for this research. The study concludes that the visitors are the key stakeholders and therefore their spiritual experience is of prime concern while managing religious heritage sites and devising measures to boost tourism at these religious sites.
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Ervina, Ersy, SRP Wulunga, and Vany Octivanya. "Tourist Perception of Visitor Management Strategy in North Bandung Protected Area." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 6, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v6i2.235.

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Sustainable tourism is one of Djuanda Forest Park (Tahura) management goals in implementing a visitor management strategy in the North Bandung Protected Areas. Djuanda Forest Park is an important area to be preserved as a tourist destination because of its very strategic function for environmental sustainability in Bandung City and its buffer areas. The visitor management strategy's implementation level can be seen from the perception of tourist who comes to Djuanda Forest Park, which analyzes by the intensity of destination use, accessibility, and carrying capacity. Perception cannot be separated from the satisfaction of tourists when visiting. This study aims to analyze tourists' perceptions of the implementation of visitor management strategies together with tourist satisfaction in the Tahura protected area. The method used is descriptive with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The results showed that tourist perceptions and satisfaction with the Visitor Management Strategy application were quite good. In improving quality, management is expected to be able to design a more systematic flow of visits and limit the number of visits for each tourist area to minimize the impact of tourism activities on the environment. On the satisfaction side, managers need to improve product and service quality, especially the preservation of tourist areas to create tourists experience
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Visitor perception"

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Frede, David. "A tale of two zoos : a study in watching people watching animals." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3762.

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Zoological gardens, or zoos, keep and display wild animals, mainly for the purposes of education, conservation and biological research. However, it is evident that a significant component of zoos is the vast number of people who visit them, since without the support of visitors, zoos would not be financially viable and would cease to exist. This research investigates the behaviours of these visitors and develops an understanding of their awareness relating to what they see and do while they are in the zoo, along with their motivations for visiting. The study focuses on two major metropolitan zoos in Australia: Adelaide (in South Australia) and Taronga (in Sydney, New South Wales). A brief historical account contextualises changes, raising awareness of the significance of visitors to the livelihood of zoos. More and more zoos are integrating into their management routines different programmes that relate to the care and welfare of the animals. Despite recent growth in scientific attention, which has focused on human-animal relationships, little research has been conducted relating to the human visitor in the zoo. To date, decisions made by administrators have been based upon assumptions of the visitors’ understanding of the work of zoos rather than on actual quantitative findings. This empirical research is significant in that it uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to appraise factual data and information. The data from unobtrusive tracking observations at different exhibits, combined with the results of questionnaire surveys, are used to explore and assess the perceptions of visitors. In developing a demographic profile of the people who visit zoos, this work considers the motivations and the frequency of visitors. Various factors that influence the viewing patterns of visitors are explored to assess the popularity of exhibits, and the perceptions of visitors relating to animals and enclosures are investigated, to assess the diverse levels of satisfaction. Case studies explore the perceptions and understandings of visitors towards the use of enrichment items, the use of signs and labels, and a hypothetical approach to the feeding of carnivores in zoos. The results are important in that they contribute essential knowledge that describes the perceptions of a wide range of people who visit zoos, along with their expectations, since it is crucial for these institutions to maintain their popularity with the public.
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Frede, David. "A tale of two zoos : a study in watching people watching animals." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3762.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Zoological gardens, or zoos, keep and display wild animals, mainly for the purposes of education, conservation and biological research. However, it is evident that a significant component of zoos is the vast number of people who visit them, since without the support of visitors, zoos would not be financially viable and would cease to exist. This research investigates the behaviours of these visitors and develops an understanding of their awareness relating to what they see and do while they are in the zoo, along with their motivations for visiting. The study focuses on two major metropolitan zoos in Australia: Adelaide (in South Australia) and Taronga (in Sydney, New South Wales). A brief historical account contextualises changes, raising awareness of the significance of visitors to the livelihood of zoos. More and more zoos are integrating into their management routines different programmes that relate to the care and welfare of the animals. Despite recent growth in scientific attention, which has focused on human-animal relationships, little research has been conducted relating to the human visitor in the zoo. To date, decisions made by administrators have been based upon assumptions of the visitors’ understanding of the work of zoos rather than on actual quantitative findings. This empirical research is significant in that it uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to appraise factual data and information. The data from unobtrusive tracking observations at different exhibits, combined with the results of questionnaire surveys, are used to explore and assess the perceptions of visitors. In developing a demographic profile of the people who visit zoos, this work considers the motivations and the frequency of visitors. Various factors that influence the viewing patterns of visitors are explored to assess the popularity of exhibits, and the perceptions of visitors relating to animals and enclosures are investigated, to assess the diverse levels of satisfaction. Case studies explore the perceptions and understandings of visitors towards the use of enrichment items, the use of signs and labels, and a hypothetical approach to the feeding of carnivores in zoos. The results are important in that they contribute essential knowledge that describes the perceptions of a wide range of people who visit zoos, along with their expectations, since it is crucial for these institutions to maintain their popularity with the public.
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Yang, Aijun, and 杨爱军. "Visitor perception of the natural environment: a case of the Laojunshan mountain areas, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47147994.

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Craggs, R. "Tourism and urban regeneration : an analysis of visitor perception, behaviour and experience at the quays in Salford." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14889/.

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Following the loss of heavy, manufacturing industry in many industrial areas in the 1970s and 1980s, tourism has featured extensively in urban and wateriront regeneration policy because of its ability to generate substantial economic benefits to destination communities. There is now an extensive literature covering urban tourism and dockland regeneration, but visitors' perceptions of urban waterfront destinations and their on-site behaviour and d experience remain largely unexplored. Additionally, whilst there is now a substantial body of literature relating to tourism's economic impact at the macro level, less is known about tourism expenditure at destination and sub-destination levels.
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Emanuel, Louise Coralie. "An investigation of visitor and resident place perceptions of Mid Wales, and an evaluation of the potential of such perceptions to shape economic development in the area." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57683/.

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The research investigates visitor and resident place perceptions of Mid Wales and evaluates the potential of such perceptions to shape economic development in the area. A review of literature indicated a need for an holistic approach to place. It was suggested that a starting point towards achieving this is to envisage place as three components - the real, the expected and the perceived. The real place is described using secondary statistical information and maps of the area. the expected place is described using topographical writing and guide books. The perceived place is examined through a combination of questionnaires and interviews with residents and visitors. These investigate perceptions of the landscape and economy of Mid Wales. The 'perceived places' of residents and visitors are described. A number of agencies based in Mid Wales were also interviewed to examine i) their perceptions of Mid Wales' ii) the way in which visitor and resident perceptions are incorporated into the policy development process, and, iii) their responses to some of the preliminary outcomes of the research. The research concluded that both residents and visitors have well defined, but different place perceptions of Mid Wales. Visitor perceptions are more affected by the expected place than the real, whilst resident perceptions are more affected by the real place than the expected. There are currently few mechanisms by which place perceptions are directly incorporated into the development process. However, the place perceptions of agencies were found to be close to those of the groups they represented; it is suggested that place perceptions are fundamental truths shared by groups, which are so strong as to actually subconsciously drive the policy development process. Policy implications are suggested, as are ideas for future research.
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Lee, Nathaniel H. "Environmental Impacts of Camping in Low Regulatory Wilderness: Geographic Patterns in the Allegheny National Forest and their Implications for Management." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523442960070504.

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Maior-Barron, Denise Cristina Ioana. "Petit Trianon and Marie Antoinette : representation, interpretation, perception." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3930.

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This interdisciplinary thesis belongs to Marie Antoinette studies. The contemporary dissonant commodification of the controversial historical character of the last Queen of France, detected at her former home, Petit Trianon, drives the course of the thesis research. Considering the complexity and controversy of the subject, the thesis seeks to make a contribution to extant scholarship by clarifying important modern history issues through a fresh approach: by using art history as an indicator in assessing the historical truth of the narrative of Petit Trianon, the residence identified as home to the last Queen of France. The thesis examines Petit Trianon and Marie Antoinette in the context of four major narratives - the historical, cinematic, architectural and heritage narratives - relevant to the contemporary heritage interpretation of Petit Trianon as well as its visitor perceptions. In addition to sourcing evidence for the arguments originating in art history information, the thesis relies on the data collection provided by a tailor-made survey for the topic, placing the results in the wider context of a hermeneutical interpretation of data found in either history or contemporary popular culture. The array of Marie Antoinette’s images detected by the analysis charts the commodification of this historical character at Petit Trianon: its production and consumption. It is through the assessment of this commodification that the present thesis reveals the misconceptions surrounding the historical character best known as Marie Antoinette. The thesis argues that the true role of the last Queen of France was successfully obscured through juxtaposition with her perception by the French collective memory. In other words, the perception of Marie Antoinette had subverted historical truth. Furthermore, the commodification of her historical character is perpetuated in an endless chain of representations fuelled by postmodern consumerism.
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Cameron, S. M. "First-time mothers and their health visitors : perceptions of a home visit." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.642345.

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This study explores the relationship between mother and health visitor through their perceptions of a home visit. The aims are to describe the interaction on a routine home visit, compare the perceptions of the participants, and explore their contrasting views. Through this exploration the worth of home visits is demonstrated. The theoretical framework was based in ethnomethodology, and multiple methods of data collection provided complimentary data. Fifteen volunteer health visitors carried out a routine home visit to three primiparous mothers with babies aged 2 and 6 months. This visit was tape recorded. Both client and health visitor were interviewed by the researchers and were asked to complete a short questionnaire after the visit. There was a similarity of views about the visit and their relationship. Both participants judged a successful visit in terms of the client's response and satisfaction. To the health visitors, a good relationship was not necessary to carry out their work. To the clients, however, a good relationship was of prime importance. A non-authoritarian approach was much preferred. The interaction revealed a number of verbal ploys whereby the participants guided the interaction. The health visitors, while possessing more power than they think they have, use many strategies to ensure acceptability. The home visit is demonstrated as an interaction of some complexity, providing possibilities for the exchange of information, with the client very much an equal participant. The research ends with recommendations for management, education, and practice, one of which is the use of a health visitor/client contract, which might effectively explain the service offered, and assist in forming good relationships.
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Chopin, Adrien. "Traitements probabilistes implicites de la perception ambigüe en vision humaine." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H121.

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La bistabilité est une surprenante alternance de l’apparence d’un stimulus entre deux interprétations de ce stimulus. Elle a lieu lorsqu’une stimulation physique est très ambigüe, comme lorsque l’on présente une image dans un œil très différente de l’image de l’autre œil (rivalité binoculaire). La bistabilité implique de (1) décider que le stimulus est bistable ; (2) sélectionner le premier percept ; (3) supprimer l’autre percept ; (4) décider quand alterner. Tandis que les deux dernières étapes sont très étudiées, les deux premières étapes restent encore mal connues. Ici, nous approfondissons les connaissances sur les mécanismes qui décident la rivalité plutôt que la fusion (étude 4), sur le choix du premier percept (études 1 à 5) et sur la dynamique bistable (étude 1 et 3). Notamment, la littérature actuelle favorise une explication bas-niveau de la rivalité binoculaire, c’est-à-dire ayant lieu dès les premières étapes de traitement cognitif, avant tout traitement complexe. Le but principal de cette thèse est de clarifier l’influence potentielle sur la rivalité de traitements probabilistes et donc plus complexes. J’ai étudié (1) l’influence de l’utilité d’une interprétation sur la bistabilité ; (2) la manière de changer les préférences bistables ; (3) la spécificité du ou des premiers percepts ; (4) l’influence d’illusions d’orientations sur la stéréo-fusion et la rivalité ; (5) l’influence du passé sur le percept bistable, sous la forme de prédictions du système. J’ai trouvé : (1) qu’une interprétation utile est perçue plus souvent sur le premier percept d’un épisode de rivalité binoculaire. Cette influence est implicite, non-attentionnelle et implique des calculs probabilistes sur l’utilité d’un percept. (2) que l’utilité peut modifier les préférences en rivalité de transparence de mouvement et que ces préférences ont donc pour rôle de favoriser la réussite à une tâche. (3) que le premier percept de la rivalité binoculaire n’est pas le seul à être différent des autres et que le contrôle volontaire est plus fort au début d’un épisode bistable pour le percept non-favorisé. (4) que l’étape de contraste illusoire entre orientations occupe une position hiérarchique plus basse que les étapes de vision stéréoscopique et de rivalité. (5)une forte corrélation positive entre le passé visuel ancien et l’orientation perçue en rivalité binoculaire. Nous expliquons ce résultat par un modèle d’adaptation prédictive selon lequel le système visuel prédit le prochain percept tel que la distribution récente des orientations corresponde à une distribution plus ancienne. Ici encore, des calculs probabilistes sont impliqués. En résumé, ce travail démontre principalement l’existence de traitements probabilistes en perception ambigüe, par l’intermédiaire d’un calcul d’utilité et de prédictions dans l’adaptation
Bistability is a surprising alternation of the appearance of a stimulus between two interpretations of that stimulus. It occurs when a physical stimulation is ambiguous, e. G. When very different images are displayed to each eye. Bistability involves (1) a decision that the stimulus has to be bistable; (2) a selection of the first percept; (3) a suppression of the other percept; (4) a decision of when reversing the percepts. While the two first steps have been widely studied, a lot remain to be discovered on the two last steps. Here, we focus on the mechanisms that decide for rivalry rather than fusion (study 4), that choose the first percept (studies 1 to 5) and on bistable dynamics (studies 1 and 3). Moreover, the literature tends to support a low-level explanation of binocular rivalry, i. E. Occurring as soon as the first steps of cognitive computation, before any complex calculation. One of the main goals of this work is to clarify the potential influence of probabilistic processes that may be more complex. I studied (1) the influence of one interpretation’s usefulness on bistability; (2) the way of changing bistable preferences; (3) the specificity of the first percepts; (4) the influence of orientation illusion on stereo-fusion and rivalry; (5) the influence of past stimuli on the bistable percept through predictions. I found that: (1) One useful interpretation is perceived more often on the first percept of a bistable episode of binocular rivalry. This influence is implicit, not attentional and implies probabilistic computations about percept usefulness. (2) Usefulness can change preferences for motion transparency depth rivalry: those preferences are therefore aimed at increasing the observer’s success to a task. (3) The first percept of binocular rivalry is not the only one to be different from the others and that voluntary control is more effective at the beginning of a bistable episode for the not preferred percept. (4) The step of illusory contrast between orientations occurs lower in the hierarchy relative to stereopsis and binocular rivalry. (5) A strong positive correlation between the remote visual past and the current perceived orientation in binocular rivalry. We explained this finding with a model of predictive adaptation according to which the visual system predicts the next percept following the following rule: the recent distribution of orientations has to match the remote past distribution. Here again, probabilistic computations are involved. To summarize, this work mainly uncovers the existence of probabilistic computations in ambiguous perception through usefulness computation and predictions in adaptation
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Moar, Kathryn. "Determinants of visitors' perception of the Adelaide Zoo /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsm687.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Visitor perception"

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Council, Gloucestershire Community Health. What is a health visitor?: A perception of health visitors in Gloucestershire. Gloucester: GCHC, 1998.

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Visual perception. 2nd ed. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1999.

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Rock, Irvin. La perception. Paris: De Boeck Université, 2001.

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Hendee, William R. The Perception of Visual Information. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997.

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Wells, P. N. T., and William R. Hendee. The perception of visual information. New York: Springer, 1993.

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Michel, Dhome, ed. Visual perception through video imagery. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2007.

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Wade, Nicholas. Visual perception: An introduction. 2nd ed. London: Psychology Press, 2001.

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1947-, Swanston Michael, ed. Visual perception: An introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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trad, Straschitz Frank, ed. Couleur: Optique et perception. Paris: Dessain et Tolra, 1992.

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European Conference on Visual Perception (28th 2005 La Coruña, Spain). Visual perception. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Visitor perception"

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Enseñat-Soberanis, Fernando, Rocío Blanco-Gregory, and Johnathan Mondragón-Mejía. "Using indicators and standards to manage visitor experiences in water-based tourism." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 179–91. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0014.

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Abstract This chapter aims to (i) determine visitor crowding standards that help decision takers to improve the visitor experience and build an accurate tourism carrying capacity; and (ii) explore a possible relationship among crowding perception, origin of visitors and willingness to pay (WTP). The first section analyses the concepts of indicators and standards as well as the importance of crowding perception as a key indicator to assess the quality of the visitor experience. Relationships between the origin of visitors, crowding and WTP to access nature-based attractions are also examined theoretically in this section. The second section describes the importance of cenotes as a main water-based tourist attraction at the Yucatán Peninsula. The third section presents the methodology; quantitative questionnaires based on normative theory were used in a visual approach focusing on Dzombakal cenote. Results outlined in the fourth section show that crowding is a good indicator to evaluate the visitor experience in water-based settings like cenotes. However, as discussed and concluded in the final section, due to significant differences between the crowding standards of local and international visitors, the symbolic value of the cenotes should be considered if a better visitor experience management is to be met.
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Briguglio, Lino, and Marie Avellino. "Assessing Malta's overtourism." In Managing events, festivals and the visitor economy: concepts, collaborations and cases, 129–44. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242843.00010.

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Abstract The aim of this chapter is twofold, namely (i) to present a literature review on the upsides and downsides of tourism and its relevance to sustainable development in the context of overtourism; and (ii) to report on the results of a perception survey relating to the attitudes towards tourism in Malta, so as to consider whether Malta has reached the stage of 'overtourism'. The reason a perceptions survey approach was found appropriate for this chapter is that the exact point where overtourism sets in is difficult to measure objectively, for various reasons including that this possibility is not something static, has various dimensions, depends on the good or bad behaviour of the visitors, and varies according to the social and environmental policies and practices in the host destination.
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Bieber, Andrea, Werner Gilde, and Desmond Wee. "(Re)visiting spaces of home: German heimat tourists 'returning' to Timisoara, Romania." In Managing events, festivals and the visitor economy: concepts, collaborations and cases, 37–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242843.0004.

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Abstract This chapter explores the diaspora of the Banat Swabian culture, their sense of identity in Germany, and their relation to 'Heimat tourism' through the perception of place in Timisoara in the region of the Banat, Romania. It enables understanding of the impacts of Heimat tourism and the implications for consumer behaviour in the visitor economy and also investigates place-making processes and the (re)creation of destination spaces through experience and narratives. This chapter aims to illustrate how cultural identity, tourist flow, and the perception of place contribute towards the making of heimat, to show how places that are both real and imagined at the same time reinforce a particular tourist gaze and examine how such tourist imaginaries create a 'Heimat tourism' that fosters a hermeneutic cycle perpetuating new meanings of self.
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Corpuz, Rosalie. "‘Wild Borneo’: A Study of Visitor Perception and Experience of Nature Tourism in Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo." In Borneo Studies in History, Society and Culture, 443–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0672-2_21.

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Neuts, Bart. "Revisiting Bruges: Investigating the Importance of Tourist Crowding Perception in the Visitor Experience Through Computational Text Analysis." In A Broad View of Regional Science, 235–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4098-5_13.

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Chen, Ning, Yong Rao, and An-le Li. "Understanding generational differences in multiple place identities and the visitor economy: the case of migrants' descendants in China." In Managing events, festivals and the visitor economy: concepts, collaborations and cases, 88–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242843.0007.

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Abstract The case of three generations of Wushan migrants in Zhaoqing provides interesting grounds for discussing place identity, its evolution and dynamics, and multiple place identities and their interactions. In spite of living together as families in a close community, these three generations exhibit entirely different place identity characteristics and behaviours. Many phenomena can be simply interpreted using social identity theory, social comparison theory, or identity formation theory. However, some interesting facts, such as that how one identifies self does not only rely on self perception, but also social pressure and engagement, are worth further investigation based on migration, mobility, and general environmental psychology research. Specifically, this case study provides rich implications on regional (tourism) development and the VFR visitor economy. For one, local authorities should aim at fully understanding generational differences in perceiving selves and places, and then form respective valid policies to support community development. Further, destinations aiming to attract revisits by people who have proactively or passively relocated themselves should notice the potential dynamics in this target segment and develop tourism and hospitality facilities to cater to the various tastes caused by these generational differences.
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Yi, Taeha, Mi Chang, Sukjoo Hong, Meereh Kim, and Ji-Hyun Lee. "A Study on Understanding of Visitor Needs in Art Museum: Based on Analysis of Visual Perception Through Eye-Tracking." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1132–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39512-4_172.

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Schmidtmann, Gunnar. "Visual Perception." In Clinical Vision Science, 103–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35340-7_7.

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Stidwill, David, and Robert Fletcher. "Depth Perception." In Normal Binocular Vision, 172–95. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788684.ch11.

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Swanson, William. "Discussion: Rod Vision." In From Pigments to Perception, 79–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3718-2_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Visitor perception"

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Subandi, Mohammad. "Exploring Potential Visitor and Visitor Perception of Destination Image of Palabuhan Ratu through Personal Values." In Asia Tourism Forum 2016 - the 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/atf-16.2016.7.

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Morais, Elisabete Paulo, Elsa Esteves, and Claudia Macedo. "Image of Douro Wine Region through social networks - Visitor Perception." In 2022 17th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti54924.2022.9820162.

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Xiaoli, Chen, and Zhangli. "A Model About Visitor Perception of Leisure Farm in Shanghai: A Grounded Theory Study." In 5th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200331.068.

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Díaz, P., D. Ruiz-Labourdette, A. R. Darias, A. Santana, M. F. Schmitz, and F. D. Pineda. "Landscape perception of local population: the relationship between ecological characteristics, local society and visitor preferences." In SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st100271.

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Siriwardana, Malinda Halgamage. "VISITOR FLOW OF CULTURALLY IMPORTANT AREAS: AN AHP PERCEPTION ON THE TRAIL SELECTION IN SRIPADA MOUNTAIN AREA OF SRI LANKA." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2016.126.

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Nordin, Aleff Omar Shah, Mohd Rahimi Abdul Halim, and Siti Nur Atiqah Mohd Masri. "MEASURING THE TOURIST SATISFACTION ON ECOTOURISM SERVICE QUALITY AT KUALA TAHAN NATIONAL PARK: AN INVESTIGATION ON VISITORS PERCEPTIONS." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.041.

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Ecotourism is a sub-component of sustainable tourism that involves a visit to a natural area and manages the living parts of the natural environment. Moreover, ecotourism’s perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable development, including economic development and conservation strategies. Currently, the importance of ecotourism service quality is gaining tremendous attention due to the growing demand for ecotourism worldwide and increasing expectations from visitors. A challenge remains in identifying how natural resource and nature-based tourism providers can best achieve those benefits and increase the visitor’s satisfaction levels, while at the same time minimising the effects of degradation to the natural resource being used. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to assess the ecotourism services quality at Kuala Tahan National Park. This study will adopt the ECOSERV instrument to measure visitor’s expectations and perceptions of service quality. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach by obtaining responses from 153 tourists. Based on service quality provided at Kuala Tahan National Park, visitor’s were satisfied with the services provided there. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression Analysis to achieve the objectives of the study. This study also finds the responsiveness, empathy, and assurance have a significant relationship with service quality at Kuala Tahan National Park. However, they have an unsignificant relation between ecotangibles, tangible and reliability with tourist’s satisfaction. The finding of this study is important for ecotourism activity at Kuala Tahan National Park and for government be able to promote ecotourism product as the main attraction in Malaysia.
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Mamlouk, Amir Madany, Martin Haker, and Thomas Martinetz. "Perception space analysis: From color vision to odor perception." In 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965919.

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"Implementation of an Intentional Vision System to Support Cognitive Architectures." In VISAPP International Workshop on Robotic Perception. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002341100530062.

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Brady, M. "Seeds of Perception." In Alvey Vision Conference 1987. Alvey Vision Club, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.1.36.

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Bustamante Montoro, Rosa, and Pablo Moreno Dopazo. "La accesibilidad física e intelectual en los itinerarios de visita a los conjuntos históricos: catedrales." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7524.

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La accesibilidad intelectual complementa la accesibilidad física y sensorial en la visita a los edificios históricos, entendida como la percepción de los valores histórico-artísticos. La escala arquitectónica de las catedrales, distancias horizontales, verticales y ángulos visuales, impiden apreciar detalles constructivos y decoraciones, y por otro lado, comprender la iconografía religiosa, si no se cuenta con información previa. En ambos casos, se requieren ayudas tecnológicas para un buen aprovechamiento de los itinerarios de visita. The intellectual accessibility complements the physical and sensory accessibility in the visit to the historical buildings, understood as the perception of the historical - artistic values. The architectural scale of the historical cathedral, horizontal and vertical distances and visual angles, they prevent from estimating constructive details and decorations, and on the other hand, from understanding the religious iconography, if one does not possess previous information. In both cases, technological helps are needed for a good utilization of the itineraries of visit.
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Reports on the topic "Visitor perception"

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Wolf, Lior, Stan Bileschi, and Ethan Meyers. Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454881.

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Watson, Alan E., Neal A. Christensen, Dale J. Blahna, and Kari S. Archibald. Comparing manager and visitor perceptions of llama use in wilderness. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-10.

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Chavez, Deborah J. Visitor perceptions of crowding and discrimination at two National Forests in southern California. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-216.

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Reeves-DeArmond, Genna. Infusing popular culture into the museum experience via historic dress: Visitor perceptions of Titanic’s Rose as a living history interpreter/character. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-779.

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Goyeneche, Laura, Cynthia Boruchowicz, Florencia Lopez Boo, Luis Tejerina, Benjamin Roseth, and Jennifer Nelson. Pandemics, privacy, and adoption of technology: Perceptions of the use of digital tools and data sharing during COVID-19 from 10 Latin American countries. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004546.

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This study describes the perception, adoption, and acceptance factors involved in the deployment of digital technologies for public health in Latin America and considers the implications for future digital health interventions. We conducted a descriptive analysis using nationally representative data from a phone survey conducted in 2020 in 10 countries in Latin America. We found that early in the pandemic, in countries with existing applications, 74% of the population used a smartphone, 47% had knowledge of the government app to report symptoms, but only 2% reported using it. Those interviewed reported that they are willing to share their personal data during a pandemic (61%) 50 percentage points higher than in non-pandemic times, although understanding how their personal data was used by the government and private companies was extremely low. More than 70% reported that they would use an application to report symptoms and would use an app that accesses their location or that uses contact tracing technology to alert them about possible exposure. Also, at least half of the users agree with preventive measures against COVID-19 such as daily follow-up calls, tracking via GPS for quarantine enforcement, and daily visits. In all countries, adoption of digital technologies increases if individuals or their relatives report they are infected; it decreases when end-users do not trust the anonymity policies or are concerned about government surveillance. Yet, encouraging greater adoption of digital technologies strongly depends on who designed the technology. Results show that 73% of users would prefer an app designed by an international organization such as the WHO to an app designed by the local government (64%) or a telephone company (56%). The study concludes with a reflection on the promising results of digital technologies and discusses the importance of considering users perceptions, factors for acceptance, and trust when pursuing adoption of digital technologies.
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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Iron supplementation: Knowledge, perceptions, and usage among pregnant women in rural India. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1021.

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In India, severe anemia has been one of the causes of high maternal mortality and death of newborns and infants due to low birthweight. The prevalence of anemia among women ages 15–44 is extremely high. The Government of India has provided iron and folic acid tablets (IFA) as a prophylaxis against nutritional anemia among pregnant women as part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood program and will continue to do so in the Reproductive and Child Health package. This paper presents findings of both qualitative and quantitative research conducted among pregnant women to investigate the extent of distribution and use, information provision, and knowledge and perceptions regarding IFA tablets and reasons for nonuse. The study shows that consumption rate of IFA tablets is high if women are knowledgeable and have positive experiences after taking the tablets. Findings suggest that more accurate and complete information should be provided to pregnant women while distributing IFA tablets along with health and nutritional education messages. At the same time, follow-up visits and counseling are essential to address symptoms that are not related to IFA.
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Situation analysis of LGU Health Centers for integrating RTI management within the Philippines FP/MCH Program. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1024.

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A Situation Analysis (SA) was conducted in seven local government health centers as part of a larger project studying the feasibility of integrating RTI services within the existing Family Planning/Reproductive Health Program of the Department of Health (DOH). The SA was part of a series of baseline activities conducted by the Family Planning Operations Research and Training Project as part of its study on Integrating RTI Management in Local Government Unit Health Centers. It was conducted by Population Council, Manila, for the DOH. Participating health centers were located in a large and highly urbanized community, a medium-sized city, and two semi-urban municipalities. The research team visited these centers to examine existing facilities and equipment, staff capabilities, and client-provider interactions. Clients related their perceptions about quality of service. SA results showed that FP/MCH and other services offered in the clinics were generally satisfactory. In the clinics that had a laboratory, capacity was limited due to inadequate supplies. None of the centers could conduct basic lab tests for RTIs. As this report indicates, clinic facilities, client-provider interaction, and staff capability, though satisfactory, can still be improved. However, RTI services are either lacking or only addressed inadequately.
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Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Report 2021. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004394.

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In the IDB Group, diversity is in the cornerstone of everything we do in Latin America and the Caribbean. We strongly believe that an active investment in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) entails many institutional benefits including more innovative solutions for our clients, and a stronger position in capital markets, and an overall perception as a preferred place to work. Recognizing our diversity and our commitment to making our organization more inclusive and equitable is what makes our institution the premier development finance institution for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the reason why we have included DEI in our Institutional Strategy and the Vision 2025. In 2021, we achieved significant milestones including becoming the first multilateral development bank in the Americas, and the second worldwide, to achieve the EDGE Move certification, the second level in a three level globally recognized gender certification, and the integration of equity as a core principle of our strategy thus ensuring a focus on the individual needs of our employees and provide fair opportunities and an equal outcome for all. Our institution still has much work to do in DEI, and we intend to be the standard-bearer in the Region and a source of inspiration and guidance for our clients. What is being highlighted in this DEI 2021 Report are the crucial steps taken to lay a path to better results within the IDB Group. For example, we continue to complete a gender pay gap analysis annually. In 2021, the analysis results for the IDB estimated an unexplained wage differential for base salaries of 0.8% in favor of men. While for IDB Invest, the analysis results estimated the unexplained wage differential for base salaries of 2.8% in favor of men. Putting this into context, our differential is less than /- 5% which is considered statistically insignificant by the Economic Dividends for Gender Equality (EDGE) standards. This report describes our efforts to advance this DEI agenda during 2021. We highlight our best practices to develop an organizational culture that encourages diverse experiences, measure our progress in numbers, and share the initiatives, actions, and targets we have set up for the upcoming years.
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