Journal articles on the topic 'Visitor impacts'
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Garrod, Brian, Alan Fyall, and Anna Leask. "Scottish visitor attractions: managing visitor impacts." Tourism Management 23, no. 3 (June 2002): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(01)00077-2.
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Ibrahim, Fahmi, and Nurfadhlina Mohamad Zainin. "Exploring the Technological Impacts." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Digital Age 5, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthmda.2021010101.
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Aside from educating the public, museums are adapting to the changing world as they have become one of the popular sites for cultural heritage tourism. Thus, from tourists and educational activities, they generate an increase in the number of visitors every year. With the emergence of interactive technology, it enables museums to produce better visiting experience especially when technology able to facilitate the visitor-exhibition interactivity in diverse ways. This paper investigates visitors' satisfaction and findings demonstrate a detailed insight on how the interactive technology in museum approach shapes the visiting experience. Basically, this study will show the process of creating repeat visitation from the effects of technology use in the museums. Interactive exhibitions with technology use are required in enhancing visitor satisfaction. A conceptual framework is developed to provide guideline and knowledge in understanding the role of interactive technology to secure visitor satisfaction and repeat visitation particularly in the context of Brunei Darussalam.
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Fernandez, Eduardo J., and Samantha J. Chiew. "Animal-Visitor Interactions: Effects, Experiences, and Welfare." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.04.01.2021.
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Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVI) within zoos and aquariums have become an increasingly studied topic. Influenced by both the broader field of Human-Animal Interactions (HAI), as well as visitor studies conducted in museums, AVI studies can be separated into two areas of focus: (1) Visitor effects, or the impact visitors have on the animals housed within a zoo, and (2) visitor experiences, or the impact zoo animals and visiting a zoo have on the visitors. Historically, visitor effects have been of primary concern to the study of AVIs, as have the potential negative impacts on the welfare of animals, particularly those of zoo primates. This special issue examines the impact of AVIs in greater detail through twelve recent papers on the topic, equally addressing visitor effects and experiences. Many of the papers focus on positive welfare indices, as well as less traditional measures to examine both visitor effects and experiences, such as visitor proximity and visitor interviews. In addition, we discuss the relevance of future AVI work, with particular attention to (a) increased interest in visitor experience research, (b) examinations of signage effects, and (c) continued focus on positive welfare indices and direct interactions, such as public feedings.
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Northey, Emily J., Baine B. Craft, and Eduardo J. Fernandez. "Effects of New Seal Introductions on Conspecific and Visitor Activity." Animals 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212962.
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Modern zoos and aquariums are defined by several primary goals, which include improving the welfare of their animals, public education, and inspiring visitors to develop an interest in conservation. Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVIs) (i.e., the impact of captive animals and visitors on each other) are a primary means to study these goals. The introduction of new animals into two seal exhibits—the harbor and northern fur seals—at the Seattle Aquarium presented a valuable opportunity to assess the impacts of introductions on the currently exhibited animals and aquarium visitors. The impacts of animal introductions were measured through direct observations of seal activity (i.e., ethogram behavioral observations) and visitor activity (i.e., crowd size and visitor length of stay) before and after new seal introductions. This study consisted of two experiments: Experiment 1 (Harbor seal exhibit) and Experiment 2 (Northern fur seal exhibit). In Experiment 1, we found that the introduction had few impacts on the existing harbor seals or on visitor activity. In Experiment 2, the introduction of a new fur seal had significant positive impacts on the existing fur seal, as was seen through increased social behaviors and decreased stereotypic behaviors, as well as a significant increase in crowd size post-introduction. Based on these findings, new animal introductions were associated with neutral to positive changes in both seal and visitor activity. Findings from this study suggest that studying new animal introductions can result in better understanding and promoting positive interactions with existing animals (introduction effects) and likewise positive experiences for zoo and aquarium visitors (introduction experiences).
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Diaz-Perez, Flora Maria, and Mª Bethencourt-Cejas. "An Application of the CHAID Algorithm to Study the Environmental Impact of Visitors to the Teide National Park in Tenerife, Spain." International Business Research 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n7p168.
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The significant and complex relationship between visitor numbers to a national park and the environment calls for appropriate policies to be adopted. This paper analyzes the relationship from the perspective of visitors to the Teide National Park (TNP) in Tenerife, aiming to establish strategies to reduce visitors' environmental impacts. This is particularly important as the TNP, with over 3,000,000 visitors in 2015, is the most visited park in Spain and one of the most visited in Europe. An empirical study was conducted during 2016 resulting in 805 valid questionnaires. A CHAID algorithm was then applied to segment visitors according to criterion variables. Findings show the first segmenting variable is transport type, with the car being the most frequently used by visitors. Specifically, the visitor segment coming by car is also associated with the longest stays in the TNP. Regarding the practical and social implications, it is assumed the longer the stay, the greater the environmental impact. These results highlight the need for new transport strategies for the park with improved, less polluting vehicles.
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Schneider, Ingrid E., Arne Arnberger, Stuart P. Cottrell, and Eick von Ruschkowski. "Modeling Impacts of Bark Beetle Infestations on Forest Visitor Experiences and Intended Displacement." Forest Science 65, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): 614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz021.
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AbstractBark beetle outbreak impacts are occurring at reportedly unprecedented levels. Despite previous research on the aesthetic and economic impacts of terrestrial pest infestations, minimal visitor behavioral response research exists. As beetle infestation progresses, both tree appearance and landscape change can negatively impact visitation and visitor revenue. Given the multiple-use mandate of most forests, this lack of research is surprising. To meet this gap, this study simulated impacts of varied beetle outbreak levels, management approaches, and visitor characteristics on interference with forest visitors’ experience and intended displacement. Visitors at two forested US state park study sites, one with significant bark beetle impact and the other with much less, responded to onsite questionnaires with digitally calibrated photos depicting a variety of beetle-impacted forest scenarios. Up to 80 percent of visitors indicated forest scenarios with significant bark beetle impact would interfere with their experience, and 70 percent reported they would not visit or be displaced. Analyses revealed forest fore- and midground conditions with varying levels of impact significantly predicted both experience interference and displacement. The relative importance of social, biophysical, and managerial conditions differed between models. Results inform management and planning efforts as well as advance understanding of the biophysical and social factors influencing interference and intended displacement.
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Dowling, Ross K., and David Newsome. "Geotourism Destinations – Visitor Impacts and Site Management Considerations." Czech Journal of Tourism 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2017-0006.
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Abstract Geotourism is becoming a well established form of tourism based on the geological environment. It offers a new form of sustainable tourism which is more holistic then previous niche forms of tourism. However, with more people than ever visiting natural areas worldwide, the cumulative impacts of visitors on geological sites is increasing. This paper surveys visitor impacts and site management at geological sites which are geotourism destinations. We describe geotourism which is the engine driving the core activities of conservation, education and sustainable development in geoparks. We then outline some lessons learned from management in dealing with visitor impacts at a heavily visited geopark in Taiwan, a volcano in Indonesia, and a coastal World Heritage site in England. The importance of education is emphasized for geo-climbing in Spain and all-terrain vehicles in Poland. A number of site management approaches are noted, including the importance of guiding as a management strategy as well as the value of a positive involvement by the local community. Finally, some examples are given of the risks associated with tourism activities in volcanic areas as well as related appropriate management activities.
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Garrod, Brian, Alan Fyall, and Anna Leask. "Managing Visitor Impacts at Visitor Attractions: An International Assessment." Current Issues in Tourism 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2006): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500608668242.
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Suklabaidya, Paramita, and Monika Aggarwal. "Visitor Management at UNWHS." Atna Journal of Tourism Studies 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 81–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.24.5.
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Studies have shown a significant increase in the number of visitors to the site after being featured on the UNWHS list which leads to visitation pressure and impacts thereof on the site. Visitor management at the UNWHS is the need of the hour. The paper aims to critically analyse the existing visitor management plan at the selected UNWHS - Taj Mahal, the second-best UNWHS in the world with more than 8 million visitors every year (timesofindia.indiatimes.com, tribuneindia.com, indiatoday. in, hindustantimes.com, 2017), and to suggest numerous proactive and reactive measures to bring about an effective Visitor Management strategy for the Site. The descriptive and exploratory research methodology has been used along with a mixed approach of both Quantitative and Qualitative Methods. Literature review of Visitor Management practices followed at UNWHS globally and an in-depth study of opinion of different groups – Site Managers, Travel agents, Guides, Visitors visiting the site helped conclude, that to defy the harmful impact of the visitation and to give an enhanced experience, an effective marketing plan with strict conservation and preservation practices have to be implemented in collaboration with locals, stakeholders and the government agencies
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Juma, Leanard Otwori, Izabella Mária Bakos, and Aniko Khademi-Vidra. "Nature Interpretation and Visitor Management Objectives: A Survey of Tourist Attitudes at Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187246.
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Nature interpretation has been advocated as a soft and non-obtrusive on-site visitor management strategy to enhance visitor knowledge and understanding of the resource, mitigate visitor impacts, encourage the conservation and improvement of attraction areas, and assist visitors in enjoying their visit. However, the way in which nature interpretation programs are implemented, and the subsequent attitudes created amongst visitors can pose a challenge to the effectiveness of nature interpretation as a visitor management strategy. The situation becomes more complicated with limited resources to implement, monitor, and evaluate nature interpretation in expansive wilderness areas like Masai Mara National Reserve (MMNR). The question therefore is, does nature interpretation in MMNR create favourable attitudes amongst wildlife tourists, consequently leading to enhanced visitor experiences and satisfaction of the support for conservations, or not? This research, therefore, sought to establish the extent to which the attitudes created by nature interpretation affect visitor satisfaction or the enhanced visitor experience and support for conservation, broadly termed as visitor management objectives in MMNR Kenya. Thus, Ho1 postulated that attitudes created by nature interpretation do not influence visitors’ support for conservation in MMNR, and Ho2, that attitudes created by nature interpretation do not enhance visitor experience and satisfaction in MMNR. This study used a structured questionnaire for the survey to collect data from a sample of 351 respondents as a proportion of visitors into MMNR. Research findings revealed that a moderate relationship between attitudes created by nature interpretation and support to conservation with rs = 0.426 and p = 0.000, thus null hypothesis H01 was rejected. Secondly, results showed that attitudes created by nature interpretation moderately affected visitor satisfaction rs = 0.478 and p = 0.000, while similarly, null hypothesis H02 was rejected. The research concluded that various forms of NI result in the formation of attitudes that moderately affect support for conservation and visitor satisfaction. The study concluded that enhanced nature interpretation training and awareness creation, along with continual improvement initiatives, could unlock its full potential as a visitor management strategy. This consistent, well-coordinated, and diligent implementation of nature interpretation initiatives by all stakeholders in MMNR would sustain a cumulative, long-term impact.
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Spooner, Sarah L., Mark J. Farnworth, Samantha J. Ward, and Katherine M. Whitehouse-Tedd. "Conservation Education: Are Zoo Animals Effective Ambassadors and Is There Any Cost to Their Welfare?" Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2010004.
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Animal ambassador encounters (AAE), where visitors come into close-contact with animals, are popular in zoos and are advocated as promoting connection to wild species. However, educational and animal-welfare implications are relatively unknown. We conducted a systematic literature review (PRISMA) to investigate visitor and animal outcomes of AAE. We identified 19 peer reviewed articles and 13 other records focused on AAEs. Although we found net positive or neutral impacts overall, several studies indicated that high-intensity visitor contact and long-term exposure may be detrimental to animal welfare. Most studies lacked rigour and claims were based on an absence of negative impacts rather than evidence of benefits. Multiple publications were derived from the same datasets and there were no standardised measures for either welfare or education impacts. Of the peer-reviewed articles, just two considered both education and welfare. Education studies often used perceived learning or only post-experience testing. Welfare studies used small samples (median n = 4; range 1–59), and limited measures of welfare. In order to justify the continued use of AAEs in modern zoos, animal welfare costs must be proven to be minimal whilst having demonstrable and substantial visitor educational value. Large-scale, standardised impact assessments of both education and welfare impacts are needed.
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Sherwen, Sally L., and Paul H. Hemsworth. "The Visitor Effect on Zoo Animals: Implications and Opportunities for Zoo Animal Welfare." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060366.
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Achieving and maintaining high standards of animal welfare is critical to the success of a modern zoo. Research has shown that an animal’s welfare is highly dependent on how various individual animal factors (e.g., species traits, genetics, temperament and previous experience) interact with environmental features (e.g., social grouping, enclosure design and sensory environment). One prominent feature of the zoo environment is the presence of visitors. Visitor contact can be unpredictable and intense, particularly in terms of auditory and visual interaction. Depending on an animal’s perception of this interaction, visitors can have either negative, neutral or positive impacts on zoo animal behaviour and welfare. This paper reviews the literature on the implications and potential opportunities of human-zoo animal interactions on animal behaviour and welfare, with the aim of stimulating interest, understanding and exploration of this important subject. The literature to date presents a mixed range of findings on the topic. It is possible this variation in the responses of zoo animals to visitors may be due to species-specific differences, the nature and intensity of the visitor interactions, enclosure design, and individual animal characteristics. Analysing these studies and better understanding animal preferences and motivations can provide insight into what animals find negatively and positively reinforcing in terms of visitor contact in a specific zoo setting. This understanding can then be applied to either safeguard welfare in cases where visitors can have a negative impact, or, conversely, it can be applied to highlight opportunities to encourage animal-visitor interaction in situations where animals experience positive emotions associated with visitor interaction.
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Pennisi, Lisa, N. Qwynne Lackey, and Stephen M. Holland. "Can an Immersion Exhibit Inspire Connection to Nature and Environmentally Responsible Behavior?" Journal of Interpretation Research 22, no. 2 (November 2017): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721702200204.
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Nature centers, museums, zoos, and other exhibit-based institutions need to sustain or increase visitation for economic viability. To generate visitor interest, exhibits have become more interactive, with immersion exhibits becoming increasingly popular. Visitor research has traditionally focused on learning or social aspects of the visitor experience rather than psychological dimensions related to attitudes, values, and behaviors. Yet nature-focused institutions increasingly support broad-based issues, such as encouraging connection to nature and environmentally responsible behavior. This paper explores how an immersion exhibit without personal interpretation, impacts connectedness to nature, intentions for environmentally responsible behaviors, and other aspects of visitor experiences. Short visits to a free-flying butterfly exhibit were found to augment visitors’ connectedness to nature and environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. Visitors also described how they appreciated the intensely beautiful surroundings, were awe-struck, felt a great deal of peace and relaxation, and felt oneness with nature.
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Liu, Wan-Yu, Yen-Hsiang Huang, and Chi-Ming Hsieh. "The Impacts of Different Climate Change Scenarios on Visits toward the National Forest Park in Taiwan." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111203.
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Many studies have shown that the weather greatly affects the tourist count. Understanding weather information, climate change, and how they influence the tourist count in different tourist seasons (peak season, second peak season, off season) can help park planners and managers to analyze the opportunities and risks caused by climate change. This study aimed to predict the visitor count through information on the number of visitors and the weather day for three tourist seasons in a 12-month period. The study was conducted in the Huisun Forest Park of Taiwan based on the peak season (February, July, August, and October), the second peak season (January, April, May, November, and December), and the off-season (March, June, and September), using weather factors and virtual factors (such as whether it is a weekend or not) to establish three multivariate regression models for predicting the daily visitor count. This study assessed the impact of climate change on the visitor count and analyzed possible scenarios of climate change using representative concentration pathways (RCPs), as stated in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results of this study indicated that the impacts of weather factors on the visitor count is the same for the peak season and the off season. The temperature and relative humidity have a significant impact on the visitor count, and precipitation is not significant. In the second peak season, only the temperature has a significant impact on the visitor count. The relative humidity and precipitation are not significant. The temperature is the most influential factor in all three seasons, and has the highest influence on the peak season, followed by the low season, and then the second peak season. In addition, the number of visitors in Huisun Forest Park is on the rise, according to an analysis of various climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). The results of this study can be used as a reference by forest park managers and future researchers. It is noted that the results were based on the current economic and political situation. The worsening of the entire world situation could break the relationships.
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Rehák, Štefan, and Michal Štofko. "Local economic impact of big sport events: the case study of the World championship in ice hockey 2011 in Bratislava." Geografie 121, no. 4 (2016): 591–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2016121040591.
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Hosting major sporting events has become an important instrument that brings new impulses for urban and regional development. There is a range of positive and negative impacts in the economic, social, political, and cultural domains, as well as urban regeneration and infrastructure development. This article focuses on an analysis of short-term local impacts of the World Championship in Ice Hockey 2011 in Bratislava, which was based on an extensive survey of visitor expenditures followed by input/output modelling of indirect local effect. Our survey showed that approximately 83,000 non-local visitors spent almost 11 million euros during the event. We estimated that the direct economic impact of the World Championship was 7.5 million euros, of which the largest part was spent on the sphere of hotels and restaurants. The total (direct and indirect) economic impact of visitor spending was 13.6 million euros. Moreover, another 104 million euros was an additional economic impact of related local investments in the sports infrastructure.
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Cappa, Francesco, Federica Rosso, and Antonio Capaldo. "Visitor-Sensing: Involving the Crowd in Cultural Heritage Organizations." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041445.
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As organizations are increasingly involving individuals across their boundaries in the generation of new knowledge, crowd involvement can also be beneficial to cultural heritage organizations. We argue that in an “Open Innovation in Science” approach, visitors can contribute to generate new scientific knowledge concerning their behavior and preferences, by which museum managers can re-design the cultural offerings of their institutions in ways that generate major economic and social impacts. Accordingly, we advance visitor-sensing as a novel framework in which museum managers leverage digital technologies to collect visitors’ ideas, preferences, and feedback in order to improve path design and the organization of artwork in exhibitions, and to shape a more satisfying museum experience for visitors. We contend that visitor-sensing has the potential to yield higher numbers of visitors, with positive impacts in terms of increased revenues and increased literacy of the general public, thus benefiting the economic and social sustainability of cultural organizations towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the Agenda 2030.
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Švajda, Juraj, Samuel Koróny, Antoni Zięba, and Paweł Adamski. "Perceptions of natural disturbance in Tatra National Park, Poland." Forestry Journal 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0011.
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Abstract Since the last decades, natural disturbances in forests including protected areas have intensified. They have the potential to impact visual quality and safety of visitors as well as spread beyond protected area boundaries. While economic and ecological impacts are well studied, there is still a lack of work focused on human dimensions and social aspects. This study examines visitor perceptions towards bark beetle infestation in Tatra National Park, Poland. The findings, based on visitor surveys collected during the summer of 2014, indicate the significance of different factors influencing visitor attitudes towards the bark beetle. Age of visitors and importance of the bark beetle issue for them (based on subjective ratings of importance of bark beetle issue for respondents) are the most prominent variables. Also place of origin and environmental worldview were recognized as significantly important variables in accordance with similar studies. Results suggest management implications for park authorities including public relations and environmental education in order to increase knowledge and support for natural disturbance and ecological integrity policies in the national park.
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Reigner, Nathan, and Steven R. Lawson. "Improving the Efficacy of Visitor Education in Haleakalā National Park Using the Theory of Planned Behavior." Journal of Interpretation Research 14, no. 2 (November 2009): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720901400203.
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Degradation of resource and experiential quality from recreational use at the Pools of ‘Ohe'o in Haleakalā National Park has led officials to discourage visitor use of the area. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study examines relationships among visitors’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control regarding exploration of the pools, their intentions to explore and their actual behaviors at pools. Further, the study examines the influence of persuasive messages on visitors’ behavior at the pools. TPB is found to be an effective model for understanding visitor behavior at ‘Ohe'o's Pools, revealing a desire among visitors to act in accordance with National Park Service wishes. Results indicate that attitudes and subjective norms are influenced by exposure to the persuasive messages. Additionally, messages emphasizing the resource impacts of exploring the pools are found to more effective at influencing visitor attitudes than messages emphasizing the dangers of exploring the pools.
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Freeland, Laura, Charlotte Ellis, and Christopher J. Michaels. "Documenting Aggression, Dominance and the Impacts of Visitor Interaction on Galápagos Tortoises (Chelonoidis nigra) in a Zoo Setting." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040699.
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Ensuring high levels of welfare is imperative for modern zoos, but such organisations must also engage visitors in order to successfully spread awareness and raise conservation funds. It is therefore important to understand the responses of animals to visitor interaction to optimise welfare. Often, the opportunity to interact with humans may be enriching for animals, but in other contexts, this interaction may have negative welfare effects. We observed captive female Galápagos giant tortoises (Chelonoidis nigra) to describe aggressive interactions, characterize hierarchy using Elo ratings and assess the impact of visitor interactions. Elo ratings indicated that one individual was dominant over two equally ranked subordinates; aggressive interactions are discussed in this context. We detected significant effects of the presence of visitors and visitor type (keepers, vets or public) within the enclosure on aggression and activity. We suggest that previous miscategorisation of a natural behaviour (the finch response) as an operantly conditioned behaviour, rather than a fixed action pattern, may have triggered aggression. We then document changes made to the management of the animals to mitigate the impacts discovered. This work highlights the importance of empirical evidence in determining optimal management strategies for zoo animals with regards to public interactions and animal welfare.
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AlMasri, Reem, and Abdelkader Ababneh. "Heritage Management: Analytical Study of Tourism Impacts on the Archaeological Site of Umm Qais—Jordan." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 2449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030138.
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The archaeological site of Umm Qais is a popular tourist destination for both local and foreign tourists who come to appreciate the site’s archaeological history, scenic landscape, and panoramic perspective. The site was the focus of tourism planning, which included the construction of amenities and infrastructure, the creation of tourist circuits, and archaeological management. This development was linked to a rise in visitor numbers as well as the provision of a high level of service, such as parking, tickets, kiosks, restaurants, and cafés, to welcome visitors. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of on-site tourist services and infrastructures, as well as those of visitors, and their geographical and temporal scope on the site. The study used a qualitative approach based on case study fieldwork as a research method to achieve this goal. Personal observation, interviews with site-related stakeholders, and a checklist were used to collect data during the fieldwork. Both tourism infrastructure and visitors were proven to have a detrimental influence on tourist attractions. The site’s aesthetic pollution and structural deterioration were caused by tourism services and infrastructure. Graffiti, vandalism, and trash left by visitors exerted strong negative impacts. Furthermore, spatial and temporal negative impacts were determined by the patterns of seasonal movement of visitors and the location of infrastructure. Thus, most of the impacts were concentrated in a small portion of the site, among the western theater, the panoramic view, and the traditional Ottoman village. This research sheds light on these challenges and makes recommendations in the areas of heritage management, tourism, and visitor impact management that may be of interest to on-the-ground decision makers as well as academics.
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Hadwen, Wade L., Paul I. Boon, and Angela H. Arthington. "Aquatic ecosystems in inland Australia: tourism and recreational significance, ecological impacts and imperatives for management." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 4 (2012): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11198.
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The value of aquatic systems for biodiversity, agriculture, pastoralism and mining is widely recognised, whereas their significance for tourism and recreation is often poorly acknowledged. We surveyed protected-area managers, local governments and tour operators (river and general) to determine how aquatic systems were used in inland Australia for tourism and recreation and the perceived impacts of these uses. Inland waterbodies were reported by all respondent groups to be highly significant foci for visitors. Natural features were rated as more important to visitors than infrastructure by protected-area managers and river-tour operators, whereas all respondent groups identified water clarity, water quality and accessibility to water as important aspects of visitor appeal. Although >75% of respondents nominated visitors as being environmentally aware, visitors were reported to have a range of negative effects on the ecological condition of inland waterbodies, especially on water quality, and to also increase erosion and the loss of fringing vegetation. Managing the recreational use of inland waterbodies will become increasingly important as demand from all sectors intensifies and climate-change impacts become more severe. Management must take into account variations in perceptions by different stakeholder groups and the paradox of inappropriate visitor behaviour despite visitors’ apparent environmental awareness.
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Štekerová, Kamila, Josef Zelenka, and Milan Kořínek. "Agent-Based Modelling in Visitor Management of Protected Areas." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 12490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912490.
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The research was motivated by the growing importance of visitor management in protected areas, which can be based on knowledge management, system modelling of processes and phenomena, and a deeper knowledge of the experience of visitors in connection with the concept of psychological carrying capacity. The work builds on previous publications and research by the authors, focused on the optimization of tourism impacts, visitor management and the development of the theory and applicability of the concept of carrying capacity. It emphasizes the overview analysis of the possibilities of using agent-based modelling and visualization of visitor flows in protected areas. The analysis of suitable sources was based on the PRISMA method, which showed the main research directions for the use of the agent-based approach in visitor management. For the practical application of modelling, the NetLogo environment was chosen, in which the visitor flows of the model area were simulated. The visitor attendance was evaluated in relation to the psychological carrying capacity. Subsequently, visitor management measures were implemented in the model, and repeated simulations of visitor attendance, based on monitored flows, were run for a specific location around Oheb Castle (the Železné hory/Iron Mountains, Bohemia). The main result is the innovative use of agent-based modelling in visitor management in the context of visitor experience, visitor satisfaction and psychological carrying capacity. The contribution of the presented research is also the proposal of future research directions for more accurate use of psychological carrying capacity in visitor management.
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Yevchun, H., E. Dykyi, I. Kozeretska, A. Fedchuk, V. Karamushka, and I. Parnikoza. "Minimizing tourist impact on the Argentine Islands ecosystem, Antarctic Peninsula, using visitor site guidelines approach." Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, no. 1 (2021): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.669.
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There has been an ongoing increase in tourist visits to the Antarctic since 2010. These visits primarily concentrate on a small number of sites, increasing the possible environmental impact. One of the tourism hotspots is the central Argentine Islands in Wilhelm Archipelago. These islands, being one of the top 20 most visited Antarctic sites, consist of Galindez Island, Winter Island, and Skua Island. They are known for wildlife, rich vegetation (old moss banks, rich bryophyte and lichen communities, Antarctic pearlwort Colobanthus quitensis and hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica populations), spectacular views. They include one of the oldest Antarctic research stations: the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. Previously no measures have been developed to minimize the impact of tourism on this region. Thus, the Visitor Site Guidelines (VSG) approach and the numerous studies in the region were used to determine the central values of this site and to identify those key features that can be opened for tourists. In addition to the most frequently mentioned values, such as seabirds and mammals, we considered it necessary to mention the vegetation. We assessed threats to these values, distinguishing known and potential impacts. We have also analyzed and developed landing requirements for the studied area, including the most critical requirement to be considered, namely the number of visitors. We think that the maximum number of visitors should be 36 at any time and 270 per day, not counting passengers of yachts. This is the first time that the Visitor Site Guidelines were modified to limit the number of yachts visiting the site to three yachts per day. To reduce the tourist load at the station itself and at the same time to concentrate tourists in the studied region, we proposed two tourist trails: one for Galindez Island, the other — the existing trail for Winter Island. The prepared draft of Visitor Site Guidelines is given in Appendix 2.
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O’Malley, Maire, Jocelyn M. Woods, Jocelyn Byrant, and Lance J. Miller. "How is Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Behavior and Physiology Impacted by 360 Degree Visitor Viewing Access?" Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.04.02.2021.
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The effect visitors may have on the welfare of professionally managed animals is vital to consider. The present study utilized an experimental approach to examine how 360° visitor viewing access (i.e., viewing from all sides of the habitat) impacts the behavior and physiology of Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, N = 7). Data collection included behavioral observations and obtaining fecal samples to examine physiological indicators of welfare. The study included a baseline period observing the gorillas’ behavior and physiology during the typical 360° visitor viewing access and a treatment period examining the same indicators but reducing viewing access by approximately 70%. Behavioral states, behavioral events, and hormone data were compared across conditions using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Restricted viewing did not impact social or solitary grooming (as a state behavior), social or solitary play, foraging, stereotypies, locomotion, inactivity, or behavioral diversity. However, restricted viewing significantly reduced solitary grooming events, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, and the ratio of glucocorticoid metabolites to dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites. These results suggest that 360° visitor viewing access may have an impact on the welfare of gorillas. However, further research is necessary to thoroughly understand the influence of allowing 360° visitor viewing on behavior and its possible interaction with variables of the zoo environment.
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Chow, Alice S. Y., Anson T. H. Ma, Gwendolyn K. L. Wong, Theresa W. L. Lam, and Lewis T. O. Cheung. "The Impacts of Place Attachment on Environmentally Responsible Behavioral Intention and Satisfaction of Chinese Nature-Based Tourists." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 5585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205585.
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Increasing visits to protected areas in China have drawn public attention on the negative impacts on ecologically sensitive areas. Understanding potential determinants of the environmentally responsible behavioral intention of nature-based tourists has become a common focus in tourism studies. Scholars seek to explore potential determinants of visitors’ behavior, and the findings can be referenced by the managers of protected areas to formulate visitor management strategies. On the basis of a sample of 402 questionnaires collected in protected areas in South China, namely, Nanling National Forest Park and Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve, we explore the association between visitors’ place attachment and their satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavioral intention. The results show that place dependence and place identity are positively correlated with the satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavioral intention of visitors; thus, our results differ from those of previous studies on Western visitors. The lack of significant results regarding place social bonding revealed the shortcomings associated with visitor management in China’s protected areas. Chinese culture has a great influence on various findings in this study. All of the findings provide significant insights for management and policy-making regarding protected areas worldwide to accommodate the rising number of nature-based visitors to China.
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Burtnyk, Kimberly. "Impact of Observatory Visitor Centres on the Public's Understanding of Astronomy." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 17, no. 3 (2000): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as00043.
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AbstractIn recent years, formal astronomy education has become an issue of great interest. Indeed, some boards of education now officially include astronomy in their curricula. While formal astronomy education continues to gain attention, informal astronomy education for the general public has rarely been addressed. One valuable source of informal astronomy education is the observatory ‘visitor centre’. Observatories draw thousands of visitors each year, and as such represent a golden opportunity for the astronomical community to communicate directly with the public. This paper summarises an exploratory study of the cognitive and affective impacts of a visit to the visitor centres located at Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories.
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Zhang, Yuwen, Marios Sotiriadis, and Shiwei Shen. "Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourists’ Experiences." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053048.
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The adoption and implementation of smart technologies in tourism destinations and visitor attractions to enrich tourists’ experiences and improve their satisfaction has become a new trend. The main purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the dimensions/attributes of smart technologies on tourism experience in the context of visitor attractions and related outcomes (satisfaction and post-consumption behavioral intentions). The Liangzhu Museum, Zhejiang Province, China, was used as the study area, and data were collected from 486 visitors and analyzed with a regression model. The results show that accessibility and interactivity affect smart technology-enhanced experiences. Tourists’ perceived value of smart technologies is significantly related to their satisfaction. Smart technology positively impacts word-of-mouth recommendations, revisit intention, and willingness to pay a price premium. Therefore, visitor attractions could improve tourists’ experiences by designing better infrastructure and services that incorporate the key dimensions of smart technologies, which would also improve their competitiveness.
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Stienmetz, Jason L., and Daniel R. Fesenmaier. "Destination Value Systems: Modeling Visitor Flow Structure and Economic Impact." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 8 (December 21, 2018): 1249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518815985.
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This study proposes that the structure of visitor flows within a destination significantly influences the overall economic value generated by visitors. In particular, destination network metrics (i.e., density, in-degree centralization, out-degree centralization, betweenness centralization, and global clustering coefficient) for 29 Florida counties were derived from 4.3 million geotagged photos found on the photo sharing service Flickr and then correlated with visitor-related spending reported by the Florida Department of Revenue. The results of regression analyses indicate that density, out-degree centralization, and in-degree centralization are negatively correlated with total visitor-related spending within a destination, while betweenness centralization is found to have a positive relationship. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the economic value generated by tourism is constrained by the destination network structure of supply-side and demand-side interactions. Further, it is argued that a “network orchestrator” approach to management can be used to better manage economic impacts within a destination.
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Yi, Taeha, Hao-yun Lee, Joosun Yum, and Ji-Hyun Lee. "The influence of visitor-based social contextual information on visitors’ museum experience." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 24, 2022): e0266856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266856.
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Visitor-centered approaches have been widely discussed in the museum experience research field. One notable approach was suggested by Falk and Dierking, who defined museum visitor experience as having a physical, personal, and social context. Many studies have been conducted based on this approach, yet the interactions between personal and social contexts have not been fully researched. Since previous studies related to these interactions have focused on the face-to-face conversation of visitor groups, attempts to provide the social information contributed by visitors have not progressed. To fill this gap, we examined such interactions in collaboration with the Lee-Ungno Art Museum in South Korea. Specifically, we investigated the influence of individual visitors’ social contextual information about their art museum experience. This data, which we call “visitor-based social contextual information” (VSCI), is the social information individuals provide—feedback, reactions, or behavioral data—that can be applied to facilitate interactions in a social context. The study included three stages: In Stage 1, we conducted an online survey for a preliminary investigation of visitors’ requirements for VSCI. In Stage 2, we designed a mobile application prototype. Finally, in Stage 3, we used the prototype in an experiment to investigate the influence of VSCI on museum experience based on visitors’ behaviors and reactions. Our results indicate that VSCI positively impacts visitors’ museum experiences. Using VSCI enables visitors to compare their thoughts with others and gain insights about art appreciation, thus allowing them to experience the exhibition from new perspectives. The results of this novel examination of a VSCI application suggest that it may be used to guide strategies for enhancing the experience of museum visitors.
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Arnberger, Arne, Ingrid E. Schneider, Renate Eder, and Ami Choi. "Differences in urban forest visitor preferences for emerald ash borer-impacted areas." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz072.
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Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB), an invasive forest insect from Asia, has impacted vast areas in the United States and European Russia. To proactively understand the social impact of an EAB invasion in Europe and the USA, this study analyzed visitors’ preferences and preference heterogeneity for EAB-impacted forest scenarios in Vienna, Austria (n = 510) and Minneapolis, USA (n = 307). An image-based discrete choice experiment with latent-class analysis among on-site completed questionnaires in Vienna indicated four different visitor segments based on trade-offs among biophysical, social and viewscape elements. Within the forested environment, two segments placed greater importance on (bio)physical attributes and two on social aspects. Although all segments preferred a non-impacted ash forest, only one of the four identified the attribute describing EAB impacts and forest management as the most important attribute. Rather, visitor numbers and background viewscapes were more important than EAB impact and management to differentiate landscape preferences for three of the four segments. Differences in preferences were found between the Vienna and Minneapolis samples. Vienna respondents showed a higher preference for more natural conditions, disliked more the initial stage of EAB impact and placed more importance on background viewscapes and visitor numbers. Forest managers and greenspace planners need to consider the entirety of the forested condition, social and visual, for effective management and address that visitors differ in their preferences for all of these conditions.
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Marion, Jeffrey L., and Toivo Sober. "Environmental Impact Management in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.1.7.
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Abstract Increases in wilderness and backcountry recreational use have resulted in significant environmental impacts that are requiring more intensive visitor and resource management by the managing agencies. Resource impacts in the nation's most highly used wilderness, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, have been reduced through the implementation of a designated site camping policy in the early 1970s. The number and location of sites are matched to visitor numbers and use patterns by a travel model developed from visitor trip records. Recently, a campsite rehabilitation program has been extended to campsites currently in use in an effort to restore natural conditions and prevent impacts from reaching unacceptable levels. This has been accomplished through the use of native materials and plant species to reduce both the area and the extent of impact at each campsite. North. J. Appl. For. 4:7-10, Mar. 1987.
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Yasar, Mahmut, David Lisner, and Roderick M. Rejesus. "Bilateral trade impacts of temporary foreign visitor policy." Review of World Economics 148, no. 3 (March 13, 2012): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-012-0122-5.
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Jim, Chi Yung. "Visitor Management in Recreation Areas." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 1 (1989): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290000847x.
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The ever-increasing demands for outdoor recreation have caused widespread ecological damages in many parts of the world, so that methods to contain deleterious impacts and maintain the quality of recreational experience must be earnestly sought. Besides the commonlyprescribed preventive and ameliorative actions on the resource-base, visitor management which can provide cost-effective and long-term solutions deserves more attention than hitherto. This paper evaluates a spectrum of relevant options including the subtle (influencing userbehaviour), through the intermediate (redistributing use), to the regulatory (rationing use).The reduction of per caput impact can, naturally, raise the capacity of an area to accommodate continuing use. Minimum impact techniques can substantially curtail the largely inadvertent damage due to ignorance rather than malice, while recreational planning and management can take into account the changing user preference. Appropriate data to guide management decisions can be acquired through innovative non-contact approaches, including visitor observation, to solicit candid and spontaneous responses. Good-quality information, conveyed through different channels in ample time before a visit, can effectively modify user behaviour and perception. Formal and informal education, to inculcate a responsible attitude towards the natural environment, can bring long-range benefits. Citizen participation can furnish diversified and useroriented perspectives that are important for successful programmes.
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Moisescu, Ovidiu-Ioan, Oana-Adriana Gică, and Mihaela-Corina Dorobanțu. "Exploring the Drivers of Visitor Loyalty in the Context of Outdoor Adventure Parks: The Case of Arsenal Park in Romania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910033.
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Outdoor adventure parks are highly important for contemporary society, having positive social, economic, and environmental impacts. Nevertheless, to fulfill their positive role in society, and to be economically sustainable, such parks need to nurture visitor loyalty. Drawing on previous fundamental research results that ascertain that customer satisfaction has a positive influence on customer loyalty, the objective of the current research is to explore the specific elements of outdoor adventure park visitors’ satisfaction, within an applied research framework, in order to emphasize those attributes that have a significant impact on visitors’ loyalty. For that, an online survey was conducted among the visitors of Arsenal Park, Romania, one of the largest adventure parks in south-eastern Europe. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our results show that visitors’ satisfaction with respect to the safety and equipment involved in amusement services, the ambience of the park’s food and beverage facilities, and the quality of the food are the most important satisfaction constituents for enhancing visitor loyalty in the context of outdoor adventure parks. By formatively specifying the exogeneous variables of our model (in contrast with the omnipresent reflective measurements used in previous studies), and by employing the importance–performance map analysis (IPMA), we clearly emphasize those particular aspects that are under the control of outdoor adventure parks’ managers, which significantly impact their visitors’ loyalty, as well as the way in which managers can clearly identify those attributes that need improvements.
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Sumanapala, Daminda, and Isabelle D. Wolf. "Introducing Geotourism to Diversify the Visitor Experience in Protected Areas and Reduce Impacts on Overused Attractions." Land 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122118.
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Sri Lankan National Parks are highly popular among international and local visitors, as they offer close-up encounters with large animal species. Yala National Park is one of the top five parks in the country attracting larger crowds than any other parks especially during the holiday season. Most visitors flock to the park to observe the highly sought-after Asian Elephant and Asian Leopard. This has led to safari operators pursuing these animals aggressively to satisfy visitor expectations, thereby threatening wildlife populations. In this article, we present a straightforward methodology to identify high-potential geotourism sites in order to diversify visitor experiences as a means to alleviate pressure from wildlife tourism. To identify sites, firstly this study has evaluated various place characteristics important for the development of geotourism, including scientific, tourism and ‘additional’ value indicators. As a result, three sites out of four were selected to promote geotourism in Yala National Park. Secondly, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis was performed, which builds on the results from the numerical evaluation but provides a more in-depth narrative assessment. Ultimately, this study serves as an example of how to seize the opportunities that geotourism offers for diversifying tourism offers in protected areas.
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Woolway, Eleanor E., and Anne E. Goodenough. "Effects of visitor numbers on captive European red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris ) and impacts on visitor experience." Zoo Biology 36, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21357.
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Zelenka, Josef, and Jaroslav Kacetl. "Visitor management in protected areas." Czech Journal of Tourism 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjot-2013-0001.
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Abstract Visitor management is often too narrowly connected with mass/individual tourism in protected areas. Generally, visitor management can be used in any destination for mass and individual tourism also in connection with optimization of visitor flows, visitor concentration, and optimization of visitor impacts in a very broad sense. This paper focuses on the introduction of the theoretical concept of visitor management; it discusses different visitor management approaches and their principles, compares these approaches, and shortly describes typical visitor management tools. The discussion focuses on the appropriate use of chosen selected tools, mainly carrying capacity approaches, zoning and optimization of tourism infrastructure and monitoring, including tourism sustainability indicators. The computer simulation and prediction of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the phenomena in destination is also shortly described. The typical application of visitor management in protected areas is described as a case study and a set of recommendations for visitor management are declared.
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Levêque, Jonas, Mariella Marzano, Alice Broome, Tom Connolly, and Norman Dandy. "Forest visitor perceptions of recreational impacts on amphibian wildlife." European Journal of Wildlife Research 61, no. 4 (May 6, 2015): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-015-0920-x.
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Bandelli, Andrea. "Assessing scientific citizenship through science centre visitor studies." Journal of Science Communication 13, no. 01 (March 13, 2014): C05. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.13010305.
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As science museums and centres (SMC) broaden their practices to include the development of scientific citizenship, evaluation needs also to take account of this dimension of their practices. It requires complex methods to understand better the impacts of public participation in activities mediated by SMC, including their impacts on the governance of the SMC themselves.
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Ferguson, Michael D., Alexander R. Caraynoff, Lauren A. Ferguson, Robert J. Barcelona, Darrick Evensen, Holly Knox, Steven Pytlik, and Donna Grosz. "Whether They Return: Modeling Outdoor Recreation Behaviors, Decision Making, and Intention-to-Return in Congressionally Designated Wilderness." Forests 13, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071018.
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Visitation to parks and protected areas (PPAs) has become increasingly widespread in the United States. This increased visitation is especially concerning within congressionally designated wilderness areas where federal agencies are tasked with the dual mandate of preserving wilderness character while simultaneously providing high-quality outdoor recreation experiences. This study investigated the influence of social, situational, and ecological factors on outdoor recreation visitor behaviors and decision making within the Lye Brook Congressionally Designated Wilderness (LBW) area in Vermont, USA. An on-site intercept survey (n = 576) was employed to collect data from LBW visitors in the summer of 2021. Descriptive and multi-variate statistics (e.g., binary logistic regression, structural equation modeling) indicated that visitor behaviors (e.g., coping, substitution) and decision-making (e.g., intention-to-return) were significantly influenced by social (e.g., conflict), situational (e.g., litter, access), and ecological (e.g., trail conditions, weather) impacts. Moreover, the presence of various weather conditions was found to significantly influence the severity of perceived social, situational, and ecological impacts. Study results indicated that outdoor recreation experiences are multifaceted, necessitating a suite of social, situational, and ecological considerations, especially when examining the relationship between visitor coping behaviors and intention-to-return. This research advances the coping framework, provides empirical support for future examination of social–ecological system (SES) theory, and emphasizes the utility of employing an adaptive systems approach for sustainable PPA management.
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Quintal, Vanessa, Michael Lwin, Ian Phau, and Abhinav Sood. "Festival Personality and How It Influences Visitor Attitude and Intention." Event Management 24, no. 6 (November 20, 2020): 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599519x15506259856543.
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This study explores festival personality for its impacts on visitor attitude and intention toward festivals. Two distinct and popular festivals held at a botanic park in Western Australia were selected for the research. A total of 481 local and international visitors participated in the self-administered, pen-and-paper and online surveys. The Excitement personality attribute was unique to the Chili Festival, whereas the Cheerfulness personality attribute was unique to the Tulip Festival. Both festivals embodied the Imagination personality attribute, suggesting the place in which a festival is held may embody its own attributes, which contribute to the holistic personality of the festival. For both festivals, the personality attributes had significant impact on favorable visitor attitude, resulting in their positive intention toward these festivals. The study paves the way for researchers to extend brand personality research to the event tourism domain, particularly in the niche sector of festivals. The enhanced understanding lends input into how festival organizers, brand managers, and marketers can manage the positioning, differentiation, and communication strategies of their festivals in this competitive sector.
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Woodside, Arch G., Ray Spurr, Roger March, and Heather Clark. "The Dynamics of Traveler Destination Awareness and Search for Information Associated with Hosting the Olympic Games." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-04-02-2002-b005.
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This article proposes a theory of direct and indirect inf luences of the Olympic Games on international tourism behavior and presents test results of the theory using a quasi-experimental research design and visitor exit data (n = 3,875 useable surveys). Key finding: among prior visitors to Australia, the share searching for information nearly doubles (from 30 to 59 per cent) in comparing visitors reporting no change in awareness to substantial increase in awareness of Australia as a vacation destination due to hosting the Olympics. Conclusion: hosting international mega-events may result in substantial increases in activities and expenditures by visitors but such impacts occur through increases in visitors' search for information.
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Nguyen, Quang Hai. "Impact of Investment in Tourism Infrastructure Development on Attracting International Visitors: A Nonlinear Panel ARDL Approach Using Vietnam’s Data." Economies 9, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9030131.
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Investment in tourism infrastructure development to make destinations and services increasingly attractive is considered a key measure in developing a country’s tourist destinations. This paper investigates the impact of investment in tourism infrastructure components on international visitor attraction using data from Vietnam for the period 1995–2019. The results of analyzing panel data by the nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach show that, in the long-run, investing in the three components of tourism infrastructure, namely transport and communications infrastructure, the hotel and restaurant industry, and recreation facilities, has a strong and positive impact on international visitor attraction. In addition, different short-run impacts of the three tourism infrastructure components on the whole market and each major international visitor market are also found.
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Perera, Priyan, Shashini Tara Mallikage, David Newsome, and Richard Vlosky. "Profiling of Shelter Campers, Their Attitudes, and Perceptions towards Environmental Impacts of Campsite Use and Management: Evidence from National Parks of Sri Lanka." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013311.
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There is a dearth of research describing the campsite user segment and in assessing camp-site users’ perceptions of the bio-physical impacts of campsite use in Sri Lanka. Using a structured questionnaire, we evaluated campsite user characteristics, visitor motivations, behaviors, and how visitor experience is affected by visible biophysical impacts at campsites. Based on underlying visitor motivations derived through a Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis, we identified three distinct segments of campsite users: Eco-tourists, Prestige seekers, and Adventure seekers. Results indicate that the overall cleanliness of the campsite is an important attribute that affects the visitor experience. The Ecotourist segment reported environmentally desired motives, attitudes and behaviours. However, majority of campsite users belong to the Prestige-seeker and Adventure-seeker segments. Prestige seekers in particular demand better facilities and proper maintenance of campsites. Additionally, Prestige seekers are more attractive as a market segment to target because they are high-income, well-educated individuals with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Recommended management actions include increasing visitor awareness, monitoring, zonation of activity areas, and enforcement of park campsite user policies to ensure enhanced visitor experience.
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Zhang, Heng, Po-Chien Chang, and Ming-Fong Tsai. "How Physical Environment Impacts Visitors’ Behavior in Learning-Based Tourism—The Example of Technology Museum." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 3880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113880.
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Visiting a museum is a popular activity in the tourism industry, especially in cultural and learning-based tourism. To help plan museums effectively, this study investigated the underlying motivations and constraints and their impact on the perceived physical environment and visitor satisfaction toward a museum. The results suggest that the physical environment of museums serves as an axial mediator among motivations, constraints and visitor satisfaction. Six essential factors of physical environment are affected by motivations and constraints, further affecting visitor satisfaction in various patterns, in which architectural planning, exhibition, external environment, and entrance are clearly affected by basic motivations and constraints. Under motivations, family education and self-development are the most two profound influences on enhancing visitor satisfaction through the physical environment. Shops and café are worth special attention in meeting motivation of attractiveness, occasion and social interaction. The results could support the planning and design of a satisfactory museum.
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Marion, Jeffrey L., and Scott E. Reid. "Minimising Visitor Impacts to Protected Areas: The Efficacy of Low Impact Education Programmes." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 15, no. 1 (January 15, 2007): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/jost593.0.
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Wascher, Claudia A. F., Niklas Baur, Marietta Hengl, Carina Köck, Teresa Pegger, Julia Schindlbauer, and Laura Wemer. "Behavioral Responses of Captive Corvids to the Presence of Visitors." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.04.03.2021.
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Behavioral responses of captive animals to the presence of visitors in zoos and wildlife parks can be interpreted as signs of negative (disturbance), neutral or positive (enrichment) welfare. In the present study, we investigated behavioral responses of captive common ravens, Corvus corax and crows, Corvus corone, to the presence of visitors in general and to the proximity or distance of visitors to the aviary respectively. Duration of affiliative behaviors, feeding and stress-related behaviors did not change when visitors were present compared to control situations without visitors being present. Both corvid species showed less head up behavior when visitors were in sight compared to the control condition. In contrast, preening of crows significantly increased when visitors were within two meters of the aviary compared to the control condition. The same relationship was found in regard to increase in vocalization for common ravens, but not for crows. Our results indicate that corvids, housed in a wildlife park for several years, still show behavioral responses to the presence of human visitors in close proximity to their enclosure. Overall, we did not find clear indications for reduced welfare due to visitor presence, such as increased locomotion or stress-related behaviors. We therefore conclude that the described behavioral changes are not indicative of any negative welfare impacts of visitor presence.
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Jingwen, Wang, and Liang Mingzhu. "Characteristics of visitor expenditure in Macao and their impact on its economic growth." Tourism Economics 24, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816617749352.
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This article assesses the economic impact of visitor expenditure in Macao and the impacts of major expense types to the visitor expenditure. As consumption habits are changing gradually, which can be reflected in the consumption habits of the tourists, we concentrate on the characteristics of visitor expenditure to analyze the factors that drive up the consumption. This article analyzes the relative statistical indicators from 2010 to 2016 in Macao using the ordinary least squares method. According to empirical analysis of this study, 1 Macanese Patacas (MOP) of visitor expenditure can create 7.896 MOP in additional gross domestic product (GDP) in Macao. Moreover, “transportation” and “shopping” present obvious equal status on the pulling function to the visitor expenditure, which indicates that a better transportation system can increase more consumption opportunities. The items of “shopping” and “cosmetics and perfume” have a distinctively high pulling function to the visitor expenditure. This indicates that the power of female consumer group should be emphasized. Compared with other commodities, we observed the obvious pulling function of “local food products,” which shows that the culture-based tourism experience will be helpful to promote the visitor expenditure. In discussing the results, relevant suggestions for developing the diversified tourism in Macao are presented in the article.
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Johnston, Margaret E. "Polar tourism regulation strategies: controlling visitors through codes of conduct and legislation." Polar Record 33, no. 184 (January 1997): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400014121.
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AbstractControlling visitor impacts in polar regions continues to be important in both the Antarctic and Arctic. Concerns relate to impacts on the physical environment, cultural heritage, and host communities or scientific bases, as well as a recognition that safety and liability are major issues for governments, commercial operators, and local populations. Strategies for controlling tourists include visitor and operator codes and formal legislation. This paper summarises several approaches to visitor regulation in polar regions in order to illustrate the ways in which concerns about tourist impacts are being addressed. Similar issues arise throughout the polar regions, although in some places a particular emphasis might indicate a specific area of concern for a community, region, nation, or segment of the tourism industry. While a comprehensive strategy might be appropriate in many respects in the Arctic, it is also important to acknowledge the significance of more specific concerns. This paper first describes regulation of tourist behaviour and considers general issues of strategy effectiveness. Then it examines the approaches to visitor regulation used in the Antarctic and on S valbard as examples that may be of use in the further development of strategies in the Arctic. The paper then discusses an evolving strategy for control in the Northwest Territories, Canada. This strategy differs from these other approaches in that it targets a specific segment of the visitor population: those undertaking adventure expeditions.
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Farrell, Tracy A., and Jeffrey L. Marion. "Identifying and assessing ecotourism visitor impacts at eight protected areas in Costa Rica and Belize." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 3 (September 2001): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000224.
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Protected area visitation is an important component of ecotourism, and as such, must be sustainable. However, protected area visitation may degrade natural resources, particularly in areas of concentrated visitor activities like trails and recreation sites. This is an important concern in ecotourism destinations such as Belize and Costa Rica, because they actively promote ecotourism and emphasize the pristine qualities of their natural resources. Research on visitor impacts to protected areas has many potential applications in protected area management, though it has not been widely applied in Central and South America. This study targeted this deficiency through manager interviews and evaluations of alternative impact assessment procedures at eight protected areas in Belize and Costa Rica. Impact assessment procedures included qualitative condition class systems, ratings systems, and measurement-based systems applied to trails and recreation sites. The resulting data characterize manager perceptions of impact problems, document trail and recreation site impacts, and provide examples of inexpensive, efficient and effective rapid impact assessment procedures. Interview subjects reported a variety of impacts affecting trails, recreation sites, wildlife, water, attraction features and other resources. Standardized assessment procedures were developed and applied to record trail and recreation site impacts. Impacts affecting the study areas included trail proliferation, erosion and widening, muddiness on trails, vegetation cover loss, soil and root exposure, and tree damage on recreation sites. The findings also illustrate the types of assessment data yielded by several alternative methods and demonstrate their utility to protected area managers. The need for additional rapid assessment procedures for wildlife, water, attraction feature and other resource impacts was also identified.