Academic literature on the topic 'Visitor emotions'

This study examines the relationship model of the physical environment, service quality, satisfaction, and consumer emotions at a coffee shop in Jakarta. A quasi-experimental design was applied, with a sample of 60 respondents who were divided into two groups (treatment and control). The analysis results conclude that all identified variables have positive internal correlations. The results of the different tests showed significant differences in the rating of the physical environment, service quality, satisfaction, and emotion between the treatment and control groups, indicating that using unique designs and services in the room affected visitor attitudes. Finally, the physical environment and service quality have been shown to positively affect visitor satisfaction and emotions, and satisfaction also affects visitors' emotions.

Museum tourism forms a key element of cultural tourism. Museums are a microcosm of local culture, allowing tourists a window into local history, culture and characteristics in a time and physical space. Using the Sichuan Museum as a case study, this paper uses Python data mining techniques to crawl a total of 4332 visitor web reviews. The text content analysis method was used to explore the characteristics of visitor perceptions of their experience during the Sichuan Museum tour. The results revealed that visitors' behavior is mainly characterized by the following four aspects: "visiting, feeling, learning and taking photos". 73.12% of visitors' reviews showing positive emotions, 18.32% of reviews revealing neutral emotions and only 8.56% of visitor reviews containing negative emotions.

Purpose – This research aims to investigate whether emotions can be considered as a suitable variable to segment visitors at a museum. Furthermore, it seeks to analyse whether emotions influence visitor satisfaction and whether this depends on objective variables (such as age, gender and level of education) or not. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected at the National Museum of Archaeology “G.A. Sanna” in Sardinia (Italy) via 410 face-to-face interviews. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses and a series of chi-squared tests were run for the purpose of the study. Findings – Two segments were identified. The cluster with the higher positive emotions reported perceiving a higher level of attractiveness and uniqueness at the museum, and of being more satisfied than the other group. Furthermore, no significant differences were reported between the two segments based on socio-demographic characteristics. Research limitations/implications – The study is site-specific. The application of the study to other museums would allow for wider generalisations to be made from the results obtained. Practical implications – Managers should market and position museums as an emotionally driven experience consumption site. Furthermore, they should consider both cognitive and emotional aspects of visitor experience when designing and planning their businesses, as well as when assessing the visitor’s satisfaction. Originality/value – This study adds to the growing literature on emotions as a tool for segmentation and positioning, and suggests that cognitive and emotional aspects should be considered simultaneously when measuring visitors’ satisfaction. Further, it suggests that emotions are more significant than cognitive aspects in shaping visitors’ satisfaction.

Scrutinizing the emotions of customers and social media analytics are gaining popularity in the recent days. However, analysis of the emotions of visitors in theme parks are done on a lesser scale. In this paper, based on social media messages, the emotions of the visitors of a theme park is analyzed using geospatial as well as social media analytics convergence and visualization of cohesive places where expressions are gathered. Based on the Russell’s Circumplex Model of Affect, the words and emotions are analyzed in around 50,000 tweets collected of which 20,400 tweets contained one or more such words. Analysis of exploratory spatial data based on GIS and analysis of text mining represents various emotion in each quadrant based on the tweets. The visitor emotions are associated to various topics and emotions of considerable spatial variations. Based on the significant clustering of emotions in each quadrant, the areas of riding attraction in the theme park are identified and displayed using this research approach. Based on the analysis and implications of this research work, it is possible to develop ways in which the pleasant emotions of the visitors can be evoked by practitioners.

Eliciting emotions, particularly uncomfortable emotions, through exhibition design can have a positive impact on the patrons’ reception of the exhibition. In this study, patrons visiting an exhibition designed to create a dark and macabre atmosphere were given an exit survey asking them to identify and rate the intensity of the emotions they felt during the experience. The survey also assessed visitor likelihood of returning to view the exhibition again. In general, visitors who recorded feeling negative emotions while viewing the exhibition were significantly more likely to visit multiple times than those who did not.

Visitor engagement at museums is an area that has received significant attention from museum practitioners and academics over the last decade. However, very few studies have sought to understand how and why visitors may actively employ strategies to shut down attempts to elicit deep emotional engagement with museum material and messages. This paper looks at an exhibition in a major museum in Australia that discusses mental health and illness. It discusses the high rates of emotional disengagement that were found amongst 172 visitors who were faced with emotionally confronting material and argues that emotions enabled, as well as hindered, constructive, critical reflection amongst visitors.Key words: Mental-health, Museums, Engagement, Disengagement, Empathy

Abstract ContextA coyote-caused human fatality in Cape Breton Highlands National Park of Canada (CBHNPC) occurred in 2009. Because CBHNPC is federally protected, rangers have a limited number of management options for dealing with human–coyote conflict. The park initiated the present study to understand the publics’ acceptance of coyotes. AimsThis article examined relationships between each of four independent variables (respondent type (resident vs visitor), sex, age, education) and each of four dependent variables (knowledge, attitude, two emotions) related to coyotes in CBHNPC. Researchers have repeatedly suggested that demographics are related to cognitions and emotions toward wildlife. Managers can use demographic findings to target education campaigns to specific stakeholders. MethodsSurvey data were obtained from (a) residents living around CBHNPC (n=556, response rate=70%), and (b) visitors hiking two popular trails in CBHNPC (n=443, response rate=60%). Key resultsAll four independent variables were related to knowledge. Visitors were more knowledgeable about coyotes than were residents. Females were more knowledgeable than were males. Younger respondents were more knowledgeable than were older individuals. All education categories differed from each other. Findings for the attitude construct were similar. Residents held negative attitudes toward coyotes, whereas visitors were slightly positive. Males and females both held negative attitudes. The youngest age category held a positive attitude, whereas the oldest group was the most negative. Respondents with a high-school degree had a negative attitude; those with a college degree held a positive attitude. For the first emotion concept, residents were more emotional than were visitors. Males were more emotional than were females, and high-school graduates were more emotional than were college graduates. For the second emotion, there were statistical differences between residents and visitors, as well as between males and females. However, age and education were not related to this scenario. ConclusionsAlthough there were statistical differences for 13 of 16 tests, over 80% of the effect sizes were minimal and there were interaction effects among the four demographic variables. ImplicationsFindings highlighted complexities managers should consider when designing communication strategies aimed at influencing stakeholders’ knowledge of and attitudes and emotions toward wildlife.

Purpose Beaches are icons of summer tourism and a strong motivating factor for the arrival of tourists in the sun and sea tourism destinations. Spending time on the beach is one of the most popular forms of tourism leisure worldwide. Beaches serve both as recreational areas of coastal cities, and valuable ecosystems that provide natural and protective functions. The Croatian coast is relatively rich in this valuable tourism resource, but the management of beaches as a tourist product has not reached significant progress. This dissertation aims to contribute to the sustainable management of beaches as a tourism product and recognises the possibility of involving all stakeholders in this process by studying socio-demographic factors, preferences, satisfaction, and future behavioural intentions of beach visitors. This knowledge can make an important contribution to the beach management process because it can be used to make more informed management decisions. Which characteristics of a particular beach need to be improved, what facilities should be introduced or discontinued, beach managers can find out through social science research methods that can encourage participation of all stakeholders, increase visitor satisfaction and destination competitiveness, and thus lay the groundwork for more sustainable development of beaches as tourism products. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to develop a cognitive-affective-conative model of beach visitor satisfaction. This dissertation developed, validated, and tested an empirical model of beach visitor satisfaction by combining the sustainable development framework, international coastal zone management protocols, and national legislation with theories of satisfaction, quality, and consumer behaviour. The empirical model includes measures of beach visitor satisfaction levels with natural beach features, beach facilities, overall beach experience, emotional experience and their future behavioural intention. Methodology The study follows a mixed method design, employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method was used for the purpose of testing the links between model constructs. Kruskal Wallis and MannWhitney U tests were used in analyses of socio-demographic variable influences of beach visitors. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire on three separate beach locations in the Primorsko – goranska county littoral during the summer of 2021, with the paper assisted personal interview (PAPI) technique. A 5-point Likert scale was used in attribute level satisfaction and importance performance measurements. Qualitative methods include investigation by an unstructured inquiry of importance, concerning beach attributes not mentioned in the structured part of the questionnaire, as an opening of an unstructured interview with the beach visitor. Findings of the qualitative analysis have shown that beach visitors also value cultural factors and place high importance on beach sediment quality. Findings The findings of the descriptive statistical analyses concerning socio-demographic characteristics of beach visitors indicate that on average, women (59.4%) visit the beach more than men (40.6%). The most frequent age group of beach visitors is in between 45- 54 years old (25.7%), followed by visitors in between 15-24 (21%) years old. Regarding education levels, on average most visitors have finished high school (54.6%) followed by visitors with university level education (43.5%). Foreign tourists make up most of beach visitors (60.2%) while domestic tourists are second most represented (20.7%), followed by local residents (17.2%) and season residents (1.9%). Concerning the habits of beach visitors, they are most likely to visit the beach as a family with children (31.3%), as a couple (26.8%) or with friends (26.3%). Beach visitors will most likely use a car to get to the beach (77.7%), go on foot (12.5%) or use public transport (8.8%). Concerning the time they spend on the beach, most visitors stay in between 3-5 hours long (39.5%), followed by stays in between 1-3 hours long (38.2%) and stays over 5 hours long (21.2%). The descriptive statistical analyses of structural model independent variable constructs for the whole sample of all three beaches, indicates that regarding beach natural characteristics, beach visitors are most satisfied with beach scenery = 4.57, cleanliness of the sea = 4.47 and texture of beach sediment = 4.06. Beach visitors are somewhat satisfied with the opportunities to observe maritime species = 3.42. The least levels of beach visitor satisfaction are with available shade on the beaches = 2.82. Concerning beach visitor satisfaction with beach facilities, all average values of individual attributes are below 4, which indicates that beach visitors are on average more satisfied with the natural beach attributes than facilities available at the beaches. In the overall sample, beach visitors are satisfied the least with lifeguard and/or medical service = 2.90, accessibility to the beach and sea for persons with disabilities = 2.97, rental service of water sport and recreation equipment = 3.12, parking space availability = 3.12, shower availability = 3.13, toilet cleanliness = 3.15 and toilet availability = 3.24. Beach visitors are satisfied the most with bar and restaurant service on the beaches = 3.99, clearly designated safe swimming areas in the sea = 3.88, litter bin availability = 3.88 and with areas for sport, recreation, and children play on the beaches = 3.81. Concerning the descriptive analyses of beach visitor emotional experiences, measured on the Destination Emotion Scale (DES), on average beach visitors feel joy = 4.21 the most, followed by the emotion of love = 3.84 and positive surprise = 3.69. Beach visitor satisfaction with the overall experience at the beaches is on average relatively high = 4.29, as are the intention of revisit = 4.49, and the intention of recommending the beach = 4.35 The results of the bivariate statistical analysis show significant statistical differences in overall experience satisfaction regarding visitor type, while no differences were found by age or gender. Domestic tourists are least satisfied on average, while season residents are satisfied the most. The results partially support hypothesis H1. Significant statistical differences were found in the construct of intention of recommendation by gender and age. Women have a higher intention to recommend the beach than men. Age groups of 15-24 years of age tend to recommend the beach the least, while age groups of 45-54 and 55-64 have the highest levels of recommendation intention. These results partially support hypothesis H2, as no differences were found by beach visitor type. Women also have a higher intention of revisit the beach then men, while local residents and season residents have significantly higher intention of revisit than tourists, partially supporting hypothesis H3, as no differences by age were found. Lastly, the results of multivariate statistical analysis show that satisfaction with natural beach characteristics affects satisfaction with the overall experience at the beach (β=0.529, p<.01), intention to revisit (β=0.37, p<.01) and intention to recommend (β=0.497, p<.01). Thus, confirming hypothesis H4, H5 and H6. Satisfaction with beach facilities affects the overall experience satisfaction with the beach (β=0.189, p<.01), the intention to revisit (β=0.146, p<.01) and the intention to recommend the beach (β=0.106, p<.01) confirming hypotheses H7, H8 and H9. Concerning the impact of beach visitor emotions on the overall beach experience, the results show that joy (β=0.437, p<.01), love (β=0.203, p<.01) and positive surprise (β=0.105, p<.05) have a significant impact. Confirming in this way hypothesis H10. The impact of emotions on revisit intention is also statistically significant for joy (β=0.442, p<.01) and love (β=0.266, p<.01), while positive surprise is not related to revisit intention (β=0.061, p=0.271). By this, hypothesis H11 is partially confirmed. Concerning the effect of emotions on recommendation intention, both joy (β=0.445, p<.01) and love (β=0.27, p<.01) affect recommendation intention, while the relationship with positive surprise is not statistically significant (β=0.047, p=0.333). The results confirm partially hypothesis H12. Satisfaction with overall beach experience is significantly related to the intention of revisit (β=0.585, p<.01) and with the intention of recommendation (β=0.597, p<.01) confirming hypothesis H13 and H14 respectively. Mediation analysis results indicate that emotions partially mediate the relationship between satisfaction with natural beach characteristics and overall experience at the beach, while complete mediation of emotions is established between satisfaction with beach facilities and overall experience satisfaction. Finally, confirming hypothesis H15 and H16 respectively.

Achieving and maintaining high standards of animal welfare is critical to the success of a modern zoo. Research has shown that an animal’s welfare is highly dependent on how various individual animal factors (e.g., species traits, genetics, temperament and previous experience) interact with environmental features (e.g., social grouping, enclosure design and sensory environment). One prominent feature of the zoo environment is the presence of visitors. Visitor contact can be unpredictable and intense, particularly in terms of auditory and visual interaction. Depending on an animal’s perception of this interaction, visitors can have either negative, neutral or positive impacts on zoo animal behaviour and welfare. This paper reviews the literature on the implications and potential opportunities of human-zoo animal interactions on animal behaviour and welfare, with the aim of stimulating interest, understanding and exploration of this important subject. The literature to date presents a mixed range of findings on the topic. It is possible this variation in the responses of zoo animals to visitors may be due to species-specific differences, the nature and intensity of the visitor interactions, enclosure design, and individual animal characteristics. Analysing these studies and better understanding animal preferences and motivations can provide insight into what animals find negatively and positively reinforcing in terms of visitor contact in a specific zoo setting. This understanding can then be applied to either safeguard welfare in cases where visitors can have a negative impact, or, conversely, it can be applied to highlight opportunities to encourage animal-visitor interaction in situations where animals experience positive emotions associated with visitor interaction.