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Journal articles on the topic 'Visitor demand'
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1
Holder, Afiya, and Lisa Ruhanen. "Exploring the market appeal of Indigenous tourism: A netnographic perspective." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766717750423.
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Indigenous tourism in Australia continues to decline in spite of the global marketing efforts of the country’s national tourism organization. One suggestion is that social desirability bias in previous visitor demand studies has been masking the underlying causes for this low market appeal. A netnographic approach was adopted in this exploratory study that utilized 4684 online reviews from international visitors to elicit qualitative insights into visitor’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their Indigenous tourism experiences in Australia, with the aim of uncovering the underlying factors which may account for declining visitor demand. The netnographic approach provided a wealth of insights into the aspects of the experience that visitors viewed both favourably and unfavourably. In fact, it is demonstrated that international visitors are overwhelmingly positive about their experiences, a finding not typically supported in the existing research. As such, this study has highlighted that there is a dissonance between those who actually participate in an Indigenous experience and non-visitors; a number of potential reasons for this are discussed, as are the marketing implications.
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Zhang, Xiaheng, Yonghua Cai, and Lin Xiao. "Visitor Information System of Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Based on Mobile Edge Computing." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1687820.
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With the popularity of the Internet and the rapid development of e-commerce, online shopping has gradually become an indispensable part of people’s lives. Among them, the rise of cross-border e-commerce has become a focus of attention. The operation traces left by visitors during shopping on the e-commerce platform are stored in the database of the system, and the platform holds such a large amount of valuable data resources. How to unearth valuable content from these resources and apply them becomes very important. This article mainly introduces the research on the visitor information analysis system of the cross-border e-commerce platform based on mobile edge computing. This article first establishes the mobile edge computing framework based on the advantages of the mobile edge computing method and uses it to visit visitors in the visitor information analysis system. In the data filtering, secondly, the requirements of the visitor information analysis system of the cross-border e-commerce platform are analyzed to provide a design basis for the design of the visitor information system. Finally, the visitor information analysis based on the mobile edge algorithm is designed through the demand analysis of the system that has also been tested for visitor information analysis. The test pass rate is as high as 98%, and the accuracy rate of visitor information analysis reaches 80%.
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Welling, Johannes, Þorvarður Árnason, and Rannveig Ólafsdóttir. "Implications of Climate Change on Nature-Based Tourism Demand: A Segmentation Analysis of Glacier Site Visitors in Southeast Iceland." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 5338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135338.
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Since the end of the 20th century, glaciers are shrinking at an accelerated pace worldwide. This fuels the concern that increased glacier recession will lead to changes in the accessibility, safety, and amenity of many popular glacier tourist destinations—which may, in turn, affect the number of tourists visiting these areas. However, tourist responses to climate-induced environmental changes are still not well understood. Therefore, this study assesses the effects of the implications of glacier recession for glacier site visitation demand and examines the heterogeneity of tourists’ responses to these implications for visitation, combining a contingent behavior approach with multivariate cluster analysis. Data were generated from a quantitative survey of 565 visitors to Vatnajökull National Park in southeast Iceland. The results show that climate change induced environmental changes greatly affect nature-based tourism demand, and that the responses of glacier visitors to those changes vary considerably across visitation implications and visitor segments. In order to facilitate future glacier site visitation demand in a sustainable manner, decision-makers and practitioners need to act more proactively and incorporate visitor segment differences into their planning, education, communication efforts and product development.
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Mwangi, Muhoro Grieveesbon, and Kibiro Eunice. "INTERNATIONAL VISITOR EXPERIENCE LEVEL IN URBAN DESTINATIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018.513.
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The purpose of this research was to examine empirically the international visitor experiences while in urban destinations Nairobi County, Kenya.
Methodology: The research hypothesis was constructed based on previous theoretical and empirical studies. A survey was conducted on 231 departing visitors to collect primary data from January to June 2017. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to measure the linear correlation between international visitor experiences and urban destinations.
Main findings: The results found out that visitor experience levels have direct positive influence on visitors’ visitation to Nairobi’s urban tourist attractions and thus directly influenced their return intention through their destination satisfaction process.
Implications: Destination managers and tourism organizations particularly service organizations need to take into account of the satisfaction levels and the level of experience of urban visitors to enhance their revisits.
Novelty: The findings of this research have provided to the understanding of valuable practical information about visitors experiences while in urban destinations. This information could be used in promotional strategies, product development, and urban planning frameworks should be geared to meet destination demand and sustainable urban tourism development.
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Edward Jones, Thomas. "Changing demographics in Japan's national parks; towards a targeted marketing strategy for nature-based tourists." Tourism and hospitality management 18, no. 1 (June 2012): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.18.1.7.
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Trends from Japan and other post-industrial countries suggest visitor demand for nature-based tourism (NBT) destinations such as national parks, which rocketed in the post-war period, has peaked and is now in decline. This has adverse implications for funding and natural resource management. One suggested counter strategy is targeted marketing based on commercial techniques, but this relies on accurate knowledge of the market to maintain current segments and attract new ones.This paper employs a ‘market leader’ case study approach to investigate visitors to Kamikochi, a gateway to the North Japan Alps whose long conservation pedigree, and proximity to urban areas, ensures it can fulfil both ‘protection’ and ‘promotion’ criteria. The focus was on the Day Hiker (Dh) segment of visitor demand, deemed desirable from a managerial perspective, because they were shown to stay longer, visit more frequently and have a greater interaction with nature. The aims were to identify the composition of Kamikochi’sDh visitor segment, and cross analyse the results to provide practical information for national park managers. Following on from a 2007 survey, 391 usable semi-structured questionnaires were collected between July 10th and September 10th 2009, from participants in guided tours at Kamikochi, a response rate of 31%. Results show the ‘market leader’ segment consisted of pairs or small groups of well-educated, wealthy ‘baby-boomers’ from Kanto; 55% were aged 50 or over, and 59% came from the greater Tokyo metropolitan area. These KantoDhs tended to be repeat visitors (66.0%) who stayed for 2 nights or more (55.1%), thus surpassing the bench mark set by previous research. However, the results provided a snapshot of visitor demand unbalanced not only by urban area, but also gender, age and income; hence further research is needed to explain the dominance of female, elderly and wealthy visitors. One logical explanation is that these segments are already being targeted by travel agencies, as suggested by the 42% who came to Kamikochi as part of a package tour. If so, then it raises the question of why marketing is being outsourced to travel agencies rather than conducted via joint campaigns that incorporate a range of stakeholders.Thus although the need for targeted marketing is clear, some significant barriers to marketing NBT resources exist, including diverse objectives, mixed land ownership and insufficient funding. Transparent goals, combined with ongoing visitor segment monitoring, are thus two vital steps towards a targeted NBT marketing strategy.
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Xu, Xiaoqing, Rui Yang, Youbo Zhuang, Peter Newman, and Derrick Taff. "Predictive Modeling of Transportation Systems in Jiuzhai Valley World Heritage Site, China." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402092437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020924375.
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Tourist congestion is a significant issue in Jiuzhai Valley World Heritage Site (JVWH). The “demand-driven” approach of alternative transportation system (ATS) has led to the issues related to visitor crowding, visitor safety, and visitor experience quality. JVWH requires a more efficient approach to achieve a suitable tourist distribution while preserving the quality of visitors’ experiences. Accordingly, this study examines descriptive data, which are collected in 2015 regarding visitor use of the ATS in JVWH to spatially model current and future distribution scenarios. Researchers developed four theoretical scenarios by using the computational model which imitate the current ATS system. Imitation results indicate Scenarios 3 and 4, which adjust spot combination and tourist duration are the two most effective methods for balancing tourist distribution, and are, therefore, the most effectively ways to optimize the current ATS system. This research provides a glimpse into potential management strategies for the tourist distribution of JVWH and possibly other parks in China.
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Prevedouros, Panos D. "Origin-Specific Visitor Demand Forecasting at Honolulu International Airport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1600, no. 1 (January 1997): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1600-03.
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The development of a PC-based and easy-to-use-and-update econometric model system for forecasting arrivals at the Honolulu International Airport is presented. A model system instead of a single model was designed so that differential growth rates from various origins as well as arrivals affected by curfews at the origin or the destination, or both, can be estimated. The airport system of the state facilitates the only mode of transportation into and out of Hawaii. Planning based on reliable demand forecasts is therefore essential. Separate models of arrivals from Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Germany, Korea, and the United Kingdom were specified and estimated using the Cochrane-Orcutt regression method. Several diagnostic tests were employed to arrive at the final models, as problems of correlation (over time) and collinearity (among variables) were present. Independent variables include the gross domestic product, population, monetary exchange rate, and unemployment rate of the origin countries. Historical values for the independent variables were taken from the publications of international organizations. Variables for wars that tend to affect flying security and natural disasters in Hawaii that affect the supply of tourist accommodations were included in the model specifications.
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Newing, Andy, Graham Clarke, and Martin Clarke. "Identifying seasonal variations in store‐level visitor grocery demand." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 41, no. 6 (May 3, 2013): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590551311330843.
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Dall'Aste Brandolini, Silva Marzetti. "Recreational Demand Functions for Different Categories of Beach Visitor." Tourism Economics 15, no. 2 (June 2009): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009788254331.
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Ruhanen, Lisa, Michelle Whitford, and Char-lee McLennan. "Exploring Chinese visitor demand for Australia's indigenous tourism experiences." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 24 (September 2015): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2015.07.002.
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Gounden, Rivoni, Suveshnee Munien, Dinolen Gounden, and Ntwandamela Perry. "Visitor Profiles of Coastal and Marine Tourism Sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 9(6) (December 15, 2020): 1060–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-68.
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Current research on Coastal and Marine Tourism (CTM) in South Africa focuses on two main coastal tourism provinces (KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape) as well as specific CMT activities such as whale watching and shark cage diving. This study, therefore, contributes to the body of knowledge on CMT by focusing on the Eastern Cape and undertaking a provincial level analysis. Coastal and Marine Tourism location visitor profiles in terms of socio-economic profile, types of CMT visitors, types of CMT activities participated and future interest in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. CMT encompasses activities and resources in and near coastal and marine areas that attract visitors who participate in a range of active and passive business, adventure, leisure and recreational activities that generate socio-economic and environmental benefits. A quantitative approach is adopted, drawing on 700 visitor surveys that were conducted at purposively selected CMT locations in the Eastern Cape. Visitors were from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. There were high levels of participation in CMT activities, especially coastal leisure and recreational activities. Results indicate increased CMT location visitation demand. From a sustainability and responsible tourism perspective, understanding who visits CMT sites assists in ensuring effective planning to manage demand and protect/ conserve coastal and marine resources.
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Stienmetz, Jason L., and Daniel R. Fesenmaier. "Destination Value Systems: Modeling Visitor Flow Structure and Economic Impact." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 8 (December 21, 2018): 1249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518815985.
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This study proposes that the structure of visitor flows within a destination significantly influences the overall economic value generated by visitors. In particular, destination network metrics (i.e., density, in-degree centralization, out-degree centralization, betweenness centralization, and global clustering coefficient) for 29 Florida counties were derived from 4.3 million geotagged photos found on the photo sharing service Flickr and then correlated with visitor-related spending reported by the Florida Department of Revenue. The results of regression analyses indicate that density, out-degree centralization, and in-degree centralization are negatively correlated with total visitor-related spending within a destination, while betweenness centralization is found to have a positive relationship. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the economic value generated by tourism is constrained by the destination network structure of supply-side and demand-side interactions. Further, it is argued that a “network orchestrator” approach to management can be used to better manage economic impacts within a destination.
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Thapa, Arjun K. "Recreational Demand for Fewa Lake: An Application of Travel Cost Method." Economic Literature 11 (May 9, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/el.v11i0.14867.
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<p>Economic valuation of non-market commodities like the recreational amenities provided by national parks, lakes, zoos and sanctuaries is complex and new in Nepal. In this study it is intended to analyze the recreational demand of Fewa Lake by using individual travel cost method. Fifty Nepali visitors were interviewed by administering close ended questionnaire schedule. Most of the respondents were urban unmarried males with secondary and above qualifications, earning a monthly income of around rupees ten thousand. The regression result shows cost of travelling, income, age, * education and location as the major determinants of demand for Fewa Lake’s recreational amenities. The consumer surplus was estimated to be Rs. 18.5 per Nepali visitor per trip. It can be inferred that a provision of entry fee along with quality enhancement would attract more visitors and generate revenue for this Lake. </p><p><strong>Economic Literature,</strong> Vol. XI (54-59), June 2013 </p>
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Armstrong, E. Kate, and Christine L. Kern. "Demarketing manages visitor demand in the Blue Mountains National Park." Journal of Ecotourism 10, no. 1 (March 2011): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14724040903427393.
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Downward, Paul, and Les Lumsdon. "The Demand for Day-Visits: An Analysis of Visitor Spending." Tourism Economics 6, no. 3 (September 2000): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297622.
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Mapjabil, Jabil, Rosmiza Mohd Zainol, Noorziah Mohd Salleh, Datu Razali Datu Eranza, and Sanisah Sarida Awang Hamat. "TAHAP KEPUASAN PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP KEMUDAHAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN GERAI MAKANAN LAUT DI KOTA KINABALU, SABAH." Asian People Journal (APJ) 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2020.3.2.221.
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Seafood stall facilities are one of the tourist attractions when it comes to seeking food in Kota Kinabalu. In the Malaysian context, studies related to tourism and the food sector are scarce and limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of respondents' visits to seafood stalls, review the level of visitor satisfaction of basic amenities at seafood stalls, and to examine the satisfaction level of the seafood services visited in Kota Kinabalu. The number of respondents is 91 people consisting of local residents, including daily visitors and domestic tourists. The respondents involved in this study were daily visitors, domestic tourists, visiting family or friends living in Kota Kinabalu. Regardless of their primary purposes of the visit, the majority of them were satisfied with seafood stall facilities and services except for the hygiene and safety aspects of the area. Such facilities include facilities for the disabled. It must be noted that the availability of parking space is the main problem faced by respondents when visiting seafood stalls. In terms of policy implications, all stakeholders, especially the government, need to be aware of the current market demand and plan strategies to increase tourist arrivals to the state. Therefore, the findings of this study are important to policymakers, especially the Ministry of Tourism in Sabah.
Keywords: Level of Visitor Satisfaction, Facilities and Services, Seafood
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Chakraborty, Abhik. "Emerging Patterns of Mountain Tourism in a Dynamic Landscape: Insights from Kamikochi Valley in Japan." Land 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9040103.
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This article analyzes the emerging contours of mountain tourism in a highly popular destination in the North Japan Alps by reporting the findings of a two-year long study at the Kamikochi Valley. The main aim was to understand the dynamic character of the biophysical landscape and the perceptions of tourism service providers and visitors. The study was conducted using a qualitative design and involved in-depth interviews, observations, and a questionnaire survey for visitors. It was found that while different stakeholders held different perceptions of the landscape, there was a general lack of understanding among tourism service providers and visitors regarding the relationship between long-term processes and fine-scale heterogeneity of the landscape. The prevalence of an engineering approach has led to sweeping changes of key landscape interaction pathways over the years, threatening the heterogeneity and resilience of the natural environment. The findings also indicate a general visitor demand of information on the biophysical environment, and therefore it is of urgent need to address the biophysical integrity of such landscapes, and raise visitor awareness through the provision of relevant information.
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Fanelli, Rosa Maria, and Luca Romagnoli. "Customer Satisfaction with Farmhouse Facilities and Its Implications for the Promotion of Agritourism Resources in Italian Municipalities." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051749.
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The importance of a website as a distribution and promotional channel in the context of the tourism sector is increasingly relevant. Despite this, the availability of online reviews referring to agritourism resources is very rarely addressed in academic literature. This study investigates visitor satisfaction with farmhouses on the basis of online reviews available on the official websites of 397 farmhouses with educational farms associated with the Agritourism.it organization. Visitor satisfaction is important for successful destination marketing as it influences destination selection and the consumption of products and services. This study’s findings provide insights for consumers and agritourism operators with the aim of matching customer expectations to the types of agritourism on offer in Italian municipalities. On the demand side, according to the overall satisfaction with the specific characteristics of farmhouses as expressed by 10,864 visitors, the results of a Principal Component Analysis showed that the activities and facilities present in the surrounding natural and cultural areas of the farmhouses are the attributes with the highest visitor satisfaction scores. In contrast, on the supply side, the results of a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed different groups of farmhouses characterized by “homogenous” features and by a “homogenous” heritage of natural and cultural resources. Assessing visitor satisfaction and feedback can help managers to improve their service performance. For this purpose, the findings of the study reveal that the economic and environmental sustainability, among the other motivations, has shown to play a crucial role in influencing visitors’ frequency to learn about specific information concerning agriculture, the environment, and about issues regarding food, culture and the rural tradition.
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Hadwen, Wade L., Paul I. Boon, and Angela H. Arthington. "Aquatic ecosystems in inland Australia: tourism and recreational significance, ecological impacts and imperatives for management." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 4 (2012): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11198.
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The value of aquatic systems for biodiversity, agriculture, pastoralism and mining is widely recognised, whereas their significance for tourism and recreation is often poorly acknowledged. We surveyed protected-area managers, local governments and tour operators (river and general) to determine how aquatic systems were used in inland Australia for tourism and recreation and the perceived impacts of these uses. Inland waterbodies were reported by all respondent groups to be highly significant foci for visitors. Natural features were rated as more important to visitors than infrastructure by protected-area managers and river-tour operators, whereas all respondent groups identified water clarity, water quality and accessibility to water as important aspects of visitor appeal. Although >75% of respondents nominated visitors as being environmentally aware, visitors were reported to have a range of negative effects on the ecological condition of inland waterbodies, especially on water quality, and to also increase erosion and the loss of fringing vegetation. Managing the recreational use of inland waterbodies will become increasingly important as demand from all sectors intensifies and climate-change impacts become more severe. Management must take into account variations in perceptions by different stakeholder groups and the paradox of inappropriate visitor behaviour despite visitors’ apparent environmental awareness.
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Downward, Paul, and Les Lumsdon. "Beyond the Demand for Day-Visits: An Analysis of Visitor Spending." Tourism Economics 9, no. 1 (March 2003): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101298277.
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A review of the literature indicates a gap in the research on visitor spending at a destination level, and thus a lack of awareness of the marketing implications for tourism practitioners that such research could identify. In a previous study the authors concluded that, in the case of day-visits, while market attractions were important in encouraging visitation the level of spending at the destination was very closely related to the duration of the stay and the composition of the party. In this paper the analysis is extended to short-break and longer-stay holidays at a rural destination in the UK. Confirmation of these basic determinants of spending are presented, coupled with the importance of income. The current research thus provides a bridge between day-visit activity and models of holiday spending.
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Knapman, Bruce, and Natalie Stoeckl. "Recreation User Fees: An Australian Empirical Investigation." Tourism Economics 1, no. 1 (March 1995): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669500100102.
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It is widely acknowledged that increasing tourism and recreation usage of natural resources in Australia has placed heavy demands on those responsible for visitor management. The consequent need for more revenue has led local government and national park management to contemplate extended implementation of the ‘user pays' principle. However, user pays may be rejected on the grounds that it is not a first-best pricing policy, and/or on the grounds that public resources funded out of the public purse should be freely available. It has been suggested in the case of entry fees to national parks that they penalize the poor. This paper uses empirical estimates of demand curves for two World-Heritage-listed national parks — Kakadu and Hinchinbrook Island — to investigate the impact of entry fees on visitation and revenue, and the efficiency of fees as a revenue-raising device. An examination of visitors' socio-economic characteristics allows some comment on the equity issue. It is concluded that modest entry fees would have little impact on visitor numbers; that, provided the administrative costs of fee imposition are not prohibitive, entry fees are not only a good potential source of revenue, but also impose smaller efficiency costs than the income taxation system; and that fees may well constitute a progressive tax.
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Lasarte, Emy S. "Travel Decision and Destination Experiences in the Islands of Caramoan, Philippines: A Visitors’ Descriptive Evaluation." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul022.
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An understanding of visitors’ travel desires and experiences are vital in two ways- to adjust destination’s marketing strategies in order to meet the expectation and demand of the travel market and to ensure sustainability of both physical and social attributes of the place. In this sense, this paper evaluated the travel decision and experiences of visitors in the islands of Caramoan considered as one of the Philippines’ uncontaminated and unspoiled natural areas branding it as a “Hidden paradise in the Pacific”. Using a questionnaire-based survey administered to onsite visitors in a descriptive method of research, the islands are visited by tourists due to their desire for nature-based and eco-adventure tour. Their experiences with the destination’s products, services, and hospitality were generally good with emphasis on the accessibility to natural attractions and religious sites, friendliness of the people service providers, suitable weather condition, and organized excursions. With its continued growth, provision of additional nature-based sports activities, and other tourism products and themes should be designed and developed to create diverse recreational participation. In the same way, improving the frontline tourist facilities as well as tourism frontline services is needed to deliver more meaningful visitor experience.
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Lee, Chun-Hung, Han-Shen Chen, Gwo-Bao Liou, Bi-Kun Tsai, and Chi-Ming Hsieh. "Evaluating International Tourists’ Perceptions on Cultural Distance and Recreation Demand." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124360.
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This study employed the travel cost method (TCM) to establish the on-site Poisson model to measure differences in the recreation benefits of Chinese inbound tourists based on the identified cultural distance clusters. Four clusters among the extracted factors of delineated perceptions on cultural distance were identified through the cluster analysis. This study finds that: (1) among four identified cognitive factors of the cultural distance, “social environment” and “personal relationship” were found to be more important than “living arrangement” and “verbal communication” factors; (2) the four cultural distance clusters differ significantly in terms of perceptions on the cultural distance; (3) the economic benefits of culture and heritage tourism ranged between US$4733 to US$6740 for average annual Chinese visitor numbers to Taiwan; (4) the “similar living habits” cluster had higher recreation benefits than the other three cultural distance clusters. The government and travel industries should pay attention to target segments in order to enhance the cultural heritage experience, by delivering an appropriate quality of service to match visitors’ needs and living habits, which in turn, impacts their revisit intent.
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Sage, Jeremy, Norma Nickerson, Zachary D. Miller, Alex Ocanas, and Jennifer Thomsen. "The Complementary Effect of National Park Fee Increases on Visitor Spending in Gateway Communities." Tourism Review International 22, no. 3 (December 14, 2018): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427218x15410074029616.
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In 2017, the US National Park Service faced a nearly $12 billion maintenance backlog. To address this backlog, they announced plans to increase entrance fees in 17 of the most visited parks. As fees are a component of the travel cost, we consider price change effects on demand for park entry. Demand for the 17 parks is shown to be inelastic. Recognizing that spending in gateway communities is complementary to national park visitation, we use Yellowstone National Park as a case study on entrance fee increase effects on gateway communities. We estimate a $3.4 million annual loss in gateway community spending by visitors as a result of reduced visitation by those visitors who choose not to purchase a 7-day pass. Acknowledging the diminishing effect of the fee increase on travel costs, we further explore alternative means of structuring fees based on examples of other countries.
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Downing, Mark, and Roland K. Roberts. "Estimating Visitor Use-Value of Arboreta: The Case of the University of Tennessee Arboretum2." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-9.4.207.
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Abstract Many studies have estimated demand functions for visits to recreation sites. Several included commonly defined recreation-based areas such as beaches, parks, lakes and rivers, but excluded examination of horticulturally significant sites such as botanic gardens and arboreta. This study estimates user-demand and consumer surplus for visits to the University of Tennessee Arboretum by the travel cost method. Results suggest that travel cost and income of consumers are important determinants of demand, at least in the case of visits to the University of Tennessee Arboretum, and that consumer-use value may be derived from this demand. Consumer-use value is estimated to be $20.43 per person.
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Staden, Jan-willem van, and Lochner Marais. "The tourism potential of Beaufort West: a study based on visitor demand." Development Southern Africa 22, no. 2 (June 2005): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768350500163147.
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Mohd Ariffin, AR, and MOHD KHAIRIL NAIM MOHAMED JAMEL. "Visitors’ Preferences on Seasonal Accommodation for the Rainforest World Music Festival." Built Environment Journal 18, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v18i1.9962.
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Sarawak Cultural Village (SCV) is an award-winning open-air living museum of Sarawak has been the host to the three days annual Rainforest World Music Festival (RWMF) since 2005. Every year, thousands of visitor flock to SCV grounds to experience the rich Sarawak culture, live performances and celebrations that it offers. Due to its popularity, each year the number of visitors increases with regulars and newcomers. This has created a spike in accommodation demands for the area of Santubong. Unfortunately, the growth of visitors is not supported by adequate desired accommodations within the area. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to identify an ideal seasonal accommodation type and desired basic facilities required during RWMF. Quantitative analysis is incorporated in this research through collection of data gathered from online survey. Set of questionnaires was distributed to the former visitors seeking their views on the seasonal accommodations and facilities preferred. Based on the results of the data collected, it provided some understanding on the seasonal accommodations and facilities that are suitable for RWMF. This finding consequently could help provide a feasible and practical solution towards the spike demand for accommodation facilities during the RWMF.Keywords: Seasonal Tourism, Festival, Accommodation, Facilities
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Liu, Han, Ying Liu, Gang Li, and Long Wen. "Tourism demand nowcasting using a LASSO-MIDAS model." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 33, no. 6 (July 22, 2021): 1922–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2020-0589.
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Purpose This study aims to examine whether and when real-time updated online search engine data such as the daily Baidu Index can be useful for improving the accuracy of tourism demand nowcasting once monthly official statistical data, including historical visitor arrival data and macroeconomic variables, become available. Design/methodology/approach This study is the first attempt to use the LASSO-MIDAS model proposed by Marsilli (2014) to field of the tourism demand forecasting to deal with the inconsistency in the frequency of data and the curse problem caused by the high dimensionality of search engine data. Findings The empirical results in the context of visitor arrivals in Hong Kong show that the application of a combination of daily Baidu Index data and monthly official statistical data produces more accurate nowcasting results when MIDAS-type models are used. The effectiveness of the LASSO-MIDAS model for tourism demand nowcasting indicates that such penalty-based MIDAS model is a useful option when using high-dimensional mixed-frequency data. Originality/value This study represents the first attempt to progressively compare whether there are any differences between using daily search engine data, monthly official statistical data and a combination of the aforementioned two types of data with different frequencies to nowcast tourism demand. This study also contributes to the tourism forecasting literature by presenting the first attempt to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of the LASSO-MIDAS model in tourism demand nowcasting.
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Kumar, Nikeel, and Ronald Ravinesh Kumar. "Relationship between ICT and international tourism demand: A study of major tourist destinations." Tourism Economics 26, no. 6 (July 2, 2019): 908–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619858004.
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In this article, we study the effect of ICT on tourism demand in nine major tourist destinations based on visitor arrivals. Mobile and broadband subscriptions are used to proxy for ICT. Additionally, we account for price, source country’s income, and the destination’s income. Balanced panels for the period 1995–2017 and 2002–2017 are used for mobile and broadband subscriptions, respectively. The pooled mean group approach is used for estimation. The results indicate a 1% increase in mobile subscriptions and broadband would increase international visitor arrivals by 0.04% and 0.11%, respectively. The elasticity coefficients of price and income are −0.71 and 1.58, respectively, based on the mobile subscription model, and −0.88 and 1.83, respectively, based on broadband subscription. The destination’s income has only a short-run positive association with tourism demand. The causality results indicate that ICT cause tourism demand, and support for technology-led growth hypothesis in the major tourist destinations.
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Shahbaz, Muhammad, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Stanislav Ivanov, and Nanthakumar Loganathan. "The nexus between tourism demand and output per capita with the relative importance of trade openness and financial development." Tourism Economics 23, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0505.
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This article revisits the tourism-growth nexus in Malaysia using time series quarterly data over the period 1975–2013. The authors examine the impact of tourism using two separate indicators – tourism receipts per capita and visitor arrivals per capita. Using the augmented Solow production function and the autoregressive distributed lag bounds procedure, they also incorporate trade openness and financial development and account for structural breaks in series. The results show the evidence of cointegration between the variables. Assessing the long-run results using both indicators of tourism demand, it is noted that the elasticity coefficient of tourism is 0.13 and 0.10 when considering visitor arrivals and tourism receipts (in per capita terms), respectively. Notably, the impact of tourism demand is marginally higher with visitor arrivals. The elasticity of trade openness is 0.19, that of financial development is 0.09 and that of capital share is 0.15. In the short run, the coefficient of tourism is marginally negative, and for financial development and trade openness, it is 0.01 and 0.18, respectively. The Granger causality tests show bidirectional causation between tourism and output per capita, financial development and tourism and trade openness and tourism demand, duly indicating the feedback or mutually reinforcing impact between the variables and providing evidence that tourism is central to enhancing the key sectors and the overall income level.
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Holmes, Richard A., and Abul F. M. Shamsuddin. "Short- and Long-Term Effects of World Exposition 1986 on US Demand for British Columbia Tourism." Tourism Economics 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300203.
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This study is an attempt to evaluate the short- and long-term economic effects of World Exposition 1986 on US demand for British Columbia tourism by integrating Box-Jenkins time series analysis with the theory of consumer demand. The number of more-than-one-day US visitors to British Columbia is used as the measure of demand. Intervention and transfer function models are employed for the estimates which are made separately for US visitors arriving by car, automobile and by plane. The conclusions drawn are that during the six months of Expo 86, an additional 1.58 million more-than-one-day US visitors were attracted to British Columbia (1.41 million by automobile and 0.17 million by aeroplane). The long-term or post-Expo effects of Expo 86 are found to be very large (probably larger in total than the short-term economic benefits). These long-term economic benefits result from the post-Expo visitors who have returned to British Columbia as a result of the world-wide exposure of the Vancouver area by the fair. We have considered only more-than-one-day US visitors to Expo 86 (only part of all visitors to the fair) and only the 1987–93 post-Expo time period, and with that limited visitor group, and that limited time period, we still find long-term economic benefits of $428.9 million (about half the estimated total short-term economic benefits). These estimates take account of the effects of changes in the US–Canada foreign exchange rate, the US travel price index, the BC travel price index and US personal disposable income over the 1981–93 period.
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Melstrom, Richard T., and Cassandra Murphy. "Do Agritourism Visitors Care about Landscapes? An Examination with Producer-Level Data." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 3 (March 17, 2017): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517696981.
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This article develops a random utility model of tourist demand for agritourism destinations. Prior research has largely focused on modeling the effect of visitor characteristics and demographics on the demand for agritourism. In contrast, we analyze cross-section data on producer-reported visits to measure the effects of destination attributes. This allows us to examine whether tourists choose destinations based on landscape attributes. The destination choice model is applied to agritourism demand in Oklahoma. We calculate elasticities from both conditional logit and Poisson interpretations of the model. The results provide no evidence that landscapes affect the demand for single-day sites, but do suggest local land use plays a role in the demand for overnight destinations.
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Walyoto, Sri. "Nilai Ekonomi Umbul Pengging Sebagai Area Tujuan Wisata." INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 13, no. 1 (July 20, 2019): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v13i1.99-126.
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This research was conducted to determine the consumer surplus and total economic value of the Sharia Umbul Pengging tourist destination in Dukuh Village, Banyudono District, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The area is a natural area as a public water source managed by the local government. The main objective of this study was to analyze the demand of Umbul Pengging as a sharia tourist destination. The Travel Cost Method (TCM) is used to estimate the travel demand offered by Umbul Penggging. The evaluation approach used service preferences expressed from the point of view of the user of the Umbul Pengging dominant function. The collected data produces a tourist request function Umbul Pengging is formulated as a function of travel costs, sacrifice of travel time and income and visitor education. The results of research on travel costs, income and education of visitors are significant, tourists get benefits (surplus) for their visits.
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Beeton, Sue, and Richard Benfield. "Demand Control: The Case for Demarketing as a Visitor and Environmental Management Tool." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10, no. 6 (December 2002): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667184.
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Witt, Brian. "Tourists’ Willingness to Pay Increased Entrance Fees at Mexican Protected Areas: A Multi-Site Contingent Valuation Study." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 3041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113041.
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It can be challenging to set protected area entrance fees without information on how much visitors are willing to pay. It is particularly difficult for agencies managing multiple sites to set fees without conducting surveys at each location. In order to examine how willingness to pay estimates would vary across sites with distinctive profiles, 877 visitors at five Mexican protected sites (Calakmul, Cobá, Palenque, Sian Ka’an, and Yum Balam) were interviewed through double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys. The results suggest that visitors would be willing to pay higher entrance fees, with mean maximum willingness to pay estimates of 2.8–9.8 times current fees, ranging from US$15.70 to US$25.83. Visitor demand was found to be relatively inelastic, with aggregate fee rises of 26% estimated to result in a 5% decrease in visitation. These results suggest that there is room to raise revenues through moderate fee increases without a concomitant drop-off in visitation.
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Han, Guosheng, Armigon Akhmedov, Hui Li, Jingjing Yu, and William Cannon Hunter. "An Interpretive Study on Sustainability in the Link between Agriculture and Tourism: Tourist-Stakeholder Satisfaction in Tiantangzhai, China." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020571.
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Tourism and agriculture can contribute to destination sustainability by increasing tourist-stakeholder satisfaction. Grown agriculture is an important component of a rural destination attraction. Nonetheless, tourists’ satisfaction with locally grown agricultural food has been unexplored when it comes to linking tourism with agriculture. The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the links between demand for locally grown agricultural products at the destination and the levels of satisfaction among visitors. Theoretical views concerning tourist consumption of local agricultural products and its effects were reviewed. Unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted onsite in Tiantangzhai to investigate the relationship between tourism and agriculture with visitor satisfaction. The sample of respondents consisted of 71 participants who shared their views on the relationship between agriculture and tourism at the destination. Findings were presented in a two-level analysis including the industry focus and a soft-laddering technique that revealed deeper insights. Findings indicate that tourist-stakeholders present a demand-driven economy that can be exploited by local agricultural producers and the tourism economy itself. Theoretical implications point to a more sustainable destination image and practical implications highlight the demand-driven implications of tourist expectations and experience satisfaction.
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Sekar, Ashok, Roger B. Chen, Adrian Cruzat, and Meiyappan Nagappan. "Digital Narratives of Place: Learning About Neighborhood Sense of Place and Travel Through Online Responses." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2666, no. 1 (January 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2666-02.
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As the market penetration of mobile information and communication technologies continues to grow, visitor feedback, such as online reviews of locations or sites visited, will continue to grow in parallel at finer temporal and geographic scales. This growth in data opens the opportunity for travel demand analysts to assess location attractiveness on the basis of online reviews and subsequently inform destination choice models. In geography and urban planning, the construct of sense of place (SOP) has emerged as an indicator for visitor association or connection with a place or site. An opportunity exists for examining SOP through the lens of text mining (i.e., extracting information from online text reviews and forming digital narratives of place). Several websites devoted to sharing feedback on experiences and overall perceptions exist, including Yelp and TripAdvisor. With text-mining methods, previously unidentified SOP-related topics and issues may emerge from online reviews and serve as a basis for subsequent analysis. The results from this study indicate that these emerging topics or terms require more contextual information and interpretation. As a stand-alone method, text mining is insufficient for identifying SOP topics, given the complexity of dimensions that characterize SOP. In addition, the results suggest that timing and seasonality play an important role in visitors’ evaluation of a site; these factors have received less attention in the literature. With respect to text mining as a methodology to gain insights into SOP and supplement existing travel analysis, several barriers exist, including interpretation of topics from topic models. Nonetheless, these approaches are promising and require more research to guide practical implementation for inferring SOP from online text reviews and integration with existing travel analysis approaches.
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Kuutti, Jussi, Kim Blomqvist, and Raimo Sepponen. "Evaluation of Visitor Counting Technologies and Their Energy Saving Potential through Demand-Controlled Ventilation." Energies 7, no. 3 (March 21, 2014): 1685–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en7031685.
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Wall-Reinius, Sandra, and Lennart Bäck. "Changes in Visitor Demand: Inter-year Comparisons of Swedish Hikers' Characteristics, Preferences and Experiences." Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 11, sup1 (December 2011): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2011.638207.
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Kim, Yoo Ri, Anyu Liu, Jason Stienmetz, and Yining Chen. "Visitor flow spillover effects on attraction demand: A spatial econometric model with multisource data." Tourism Management 88 (February 2022): 104432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104432.
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Berno, Tracy, Eilidh Thorburn, Mindy Sun, and Simon Milne. "International visitor surveys." Hospitality Insights 3, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.53.
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International visitor surveys (IVS) are traditionally designed to provide destinations with marketing data and intelligence. The New Zealand Tourism Research Institute has been developing new approaches to IVS implementation and data collection in the Pacific Islands that can provide a much richer source of information [1]. The research outlined here is the first to utilise an IVS to explore the positioning of cuisine in the culinary identity of a destination – specifically, the cuisine of the Cook Islands. The Cook Islands is known primarily for its sun, sea and sand features, rather than its culinary attributes. Drawing on data mining of the Cook Islands IVS (2012–2016) and a web audit of destination websites and menus, this paper considers the positioning of food and food-related activities within the Pacific nation’s tourism experience.
National tourism organisations are increasingly seeking competitive advantage by utilising their local cuisines as tourist attractions. Research suggests that distinctive local cuisines can act as both a tourism attraction, and as a means of shaping the identity of a destination [2, 3]. In addition to providing an important source of marketable images, local cuisine can also provide a unique experience for tourists. This reinforces the competitiveness and sustainability of the destination [2].
The cuisine of the Cook Islands has come up repeatedly in recommendations for how the country can grow its tourism revenue. Recommendations have been made to improve the food product on offer, develop a distinctive Cook Islands cuisine based on fresh, local produce, and to promote a Cook Islands cuisine experience [4, 5], and to use these to market the Cook Islands as a destination for local food tourism experiences [4]. Despite these recommendations, Cook Island cuisine features less prominently than stereotypical sun, sea, and sand marketing images, and little is known about tourists’ perceptions of and satisfaction with food and food-related activities [6]. Our research addresses this gap by mining IVS data to gain a deeper understanding of tourists’ experiences and perceptions of food in the Cook Islands and assessing whether local food can be positioned as means of creating a unique destination identity.
Two methods were used to develop a picture of where food sits in the Cook Islands tourist experience: one focussed on tourist feedback; and the other focused on how food is portrayed in relevant online media. Analysis of all food-related data collected as part of the national IVS between 1 April 2012 and 30 June 2016 was conducted (N = 10,950). A web audit also focused on how food is positioned as part of the Cook Islands tourism product.
After identifying the quantitative food-related questions in the IVS, satisfaction with these activities was analysed. Qualitative comments related to food experiences were also examined. The results suggest that participation in food-related activities is generally a positive feature of the visitor experience. The web-audit revealed, however, that food is not a salient feature in the majority of Cook Islands-related websites, and when food did feature, it tended to be oriented towards international cuisine with a ‘touch of the Pacific’ rather than specifically Cook Islands cuisine. This reinforced findings from the IVS data mining that Cook Islands food is presented as a generic tropical ‘seafood and fruit’ cuisine that, largely, lacks the defining and differentiating features of authentic Cook Island cuisine.
High participation rates in food-related activities and overall positive evaluations by visitors emerged from the IVS data, yet a dearth of images and information on the country’s food suggests that the Cook Islands is not exploiting its cuisine and food experiences to their full potential. As a direct result of this secondary analysis of IVS data, which highlighted the importance of and potential for food-related activities, the Cook Islands Government is now actively addressing this gap by developing a range of food-related resources and information that can better link tourism to local cuisine. In addition to developing a greater presence of local food in online resources, the Cook Islands Tourism Corporation has also taken on board the messages from the IVS to drive the development of Takurua [7] – an initiative to develop and document local, traditional cuisine and share it with the world. This approach is part of a broader ongoing effort to differentiate the Cook Islands from other South Pacific destinations through its unique cultural attributes.
Data mining and secondary analysis of IVS data has not been restricted to the identification of food-related opportunities. Secondary analysis of IVS data in the Pacific has also been used to investigate the impact of other niche markets such as events [8] and to gauge the impact of environmental incidents, for example Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu [9] and algal bloom in the Cook Islands [10], thus reinforcing that IVS data are a rich source of information and are indeed more than just numbers.
Corresponding author
Tracy Berno can be contacted at tracy.berno@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) New Zealand Tourism Research Institute (NZTRI). Cook Islands Resources and Outputs; NZTRI: Auckland. http://www.nztri.org.nz/cook-islands-resources (accessed Jun 10, 2019).
(2) Lin, Y.; Pearson, T.; Cai, L. Food as a Form of Destination Identity: A Tourism Destination Brand Perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research 2011, 11, 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.22
(3) Okumus, F.; Kock, G.; Scantlebury, M. M.; Okumus, B. Using Local Cuisines when Promoting Small Caribbean Island Destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2013, 30 (4), 410–429.
(4) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Linking Farmers to Markets: Realizing Opportunities for Locally Produced Food on Domestic and Tourist Markets in Cook Islands. FAO Sub-regional Office of the Pacific Islands: Apia, Samoa, 2014.
(5) United Nations. “Navigating Stormy Seas through Changing winds”: Developing an Economy whilst Preserving a National Identity and the Modern Challenges of a Small Island Developing State. The Cook Islands National Report for the 2014 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) Conference and post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1074217Cook%20Is%20_%20Final%20NATIONAL%20SIDS%20Report.pdf (accessed Jun 10, 2019).
(6) Boyera, S. Tourism-led Agribusiness in the South Pacific Countries; Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA): Brussels, 2016.
(7) Cook Islands Tourism Corporation (CITC). Takurua: Food and Feasts of the Cook Islands; CITC: Avarua, Cook Islands, 2018.
(8) Thorburn, E.; Milne, S.; Histen, S.; Sun, M.; Jonkers, I. Do Events Attract Higher Yield, Culturally Immersive Visitors to the Cook Islands? In CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations; Scerri, M., Ker Hui, L., Eds.; Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School: Sydney, 2016; pp 1065–1073.
(9) Sun, M.; Milne, S. The Impact of Cyclones on Tourist Demand: Pam and Vanuatu. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field for Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds.; Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 731–734.
(10) Thorburn, E.; Krause, C.; Milne, S. The Impacts of Algal Blooms on Visitor Experience: Muri Lagoon, Cook Islands. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field For Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds., Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 582–587.
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Setyabudi, Irawan, Desi Kurnia, Rizki Alfian, and Wahidyanti Rahayu Hastutiningtyas. "KAJIAN EVALUASI PERILAKU WISATAWAN PADA PERMUKIMAN KAMPUNG BIRU AREMA (KBA) DENGAN PENDEKATAN LANSKAP BERKELANJUTAN UNTUK KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN." BUANA SAINS 20, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v20i1.1932.
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Riverbank settlements tend to have slum environments found in urban areas. Many factors such as land use change, increasing demand, population growth urges the use of urban space as residential land. Currently in the city of Malang; as a research location; has many settlements on the banks of the river, such as along the Brantas river, namely in Betek, around Tarekot (city recreation park) and Jodipan. Many efforts from the government to change the values and perceptions of the community to have a positive connotation, with thematic village programs. This relationship is reciprocity and formed the concept of tourist villages, such as the Kampung Warna Warni and the Kampung Biru Arema (KBA). This village has an identity which has the blue nuance as an icon of the Arema football club. This village successfully built the economy of the local population but also left a negative footprint on the environment. For example, visitor behavior that does not dispose of trash in its place or a mismatch of planning applications to visitor behavior. Its influence certainly has an impact on the environmental health of the KBA community itself. This study aims to determine the pattern of visitor behavior towards KBA locations and environmental conservation efforts. The study was conducted qualitatively with the behavior mapping method and time budget, and associated with the concept of sustainable landscapes for environmental health. The results of this study are recommendations for the use of environmentally responsive open space in accordance with the behavior of visitors to tourist attractions.
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Вапнярская, Ольга, and Olga Vapnyarskaya. "Service space as a part of integrated museum product." Services in Russia and abroad 9, no. 3 (November 26, 2015): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14398.
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An activity of museums today experiences the growing influence of a number of factors. Museums in the modern world no longer act only as guardian of cultural and historical values and research centers. A museum today - multipurpose facility, which serves different target groups and accomplishes diversified activities. Demand from the local community enhances the sociocultural and educational function of a museum. The integration of a museum in the tourism industry actualizes the issues of support of effective tourist-excursion service. Visitors to a museum are different by gender, age, interests and needs. A museum for each visitor is a special kind of product, concerning to which, in the same way as to others, the special requirements and expectations exist, and after - the attitude is formed. Modern management concepts are grounded on the priorities of customized solutions, i.e., they support the desire to provide opportunity to the consumers to form product in accordance with their opinion with the necessary attributes and characteristics. The same position is true for museums. With the help of modern technologies and the development of the service space museums allow each visitor to see and use the correct museum product. The article presents the composition of the service space of a museum and defines its place in the integrated museum product.
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Hills, S., R. Birks, and B. McKenzie. "The Millennium Dome “Watercycle” experiment: to evaluate water efficiency and customer perception at a recycling scheme for 6 million visitors." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2002): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0684.
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Thames Water's “Watercycle” project at the Millennium Dome was one of the largest in-building recycling schemes in Europe, designed to supply up to 500 m3/d of reclaimed water for WC and urinal flushing. It catered for over 6 million visitors in the year 2000. Overall, 55% of the water demand at the Dome was met by reclaimed water. The site was also one of the most comprehensive studies ever carried out of water conservation in a public environment, evaluating a range of water efficient appliances and researching visitor perceptions of reclaimed water. Within the Dome there were six identical core buildings housing the washrooms, which were equipped with a variety of different water-efficient devices for comparison. Water usage by the different appliances was monitored using a sophisticated metering and telemetry system. The importance of correct installation and maintenance of “high tech” water efficient devices was highlighted during the research programme, as some water wastage occurred due to poor installation. The results prove that metering should complement any large-scale water efficient system, so that any faults with the appliances can be quickly identified. The visitor survey showed very positive attitudes to the use of reclaimed water for non-potable uses.
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Neuts, Bart. "Mixed pricing strategies in museums: Examining the potential of voluntary contributions for capturing consumer surplus." Tourism Economics 26, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619828223.
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Existing pricing strategies at museums rarely reflect actual market demand. This article compares willingness to pay with paid entrance fees to establish consumer surplus and investigates whether voluntary contributions can serve to capture part of this surplus. A donation box is tested under various design experiments to identify best-performing contribution mechanisms. The proposed method is tested at the New Zealand Maritime Museum, with data collected via an intercept visitor survey and through electronic donation box counters. While the results indicate the existence of a significant consumer surplus, practically none of this surplus was gathered via voluntary contributions, and under normal circumstances less than 1% of museum visitors offered a donation. An animated donation box increased donations to 2% but remained well below the percentage of visitors that claimed to have a positive consumer surplus. The findings conclude that pay-what-you-want principles seem to have limited potential in mixed pricing strategy environments.
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Li, Hengyun, Carey Goh, Kam Hung, and Jason Li Chen. "Relative Climate Index and Its Effect on Seasonal Tourism Demand." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287516687409.
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This study proposes a relative climate index based on the push and pull theory to assess the effects of relative climate variability on seasonal tourism demand. The relative climate index measures the climatic comfort of a destination relative to that of the tourist origin. Using the proposed approach, the effects of the relative climate comfort on seasonal tourism demand are empirically tested based on a quarterly panel data set of visitor arrivals from Hong Kong to 13 major Chinese cities. The intra-annual seasonality and interannual variability are both tested in the model. The results indicate that the intra-annual relative climate positively influences tourism demand in Mainland regions, where the climate is significantly different from that of Hong Kong.
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Kubo, Takahiro, and Yasushi Shoji. "Demand for bear viewing hikes: Implications for balancing visitor satisfaction with safety in protected areas." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 16 (December 2016): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2016.09.004.
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Konan, Demise Eby, and Karl Kim. "Transportation and Tourism in Hawaii: Computable General Equilibrium Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1839, no. 1 (January 2003): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1839-16.
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Using data from the state of Hawaii input-output (I-O) table, the economic impact of the transportation sector in Hawaii was described, modeled, and forecast under a number of alternative scenarios. Transportation is compared with the key economic sectors in the state in output, exports, household consumption, visitor spending, number of employees, and compensation of employees. Next, the overall transportation sector was disaggregated into key activities and functions to present a more complete picture of the important role of transportation in Hawaii. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the economy with a special focus on transportation is developed. Because tourism is the state's leading sector, the effects of both an increase and a decrease in visitor expenditures were modeled. Both measuring the economic importance of transportation in Hawaii and estimating probable consequences of potential economic changes are of interest. The visitor industry dominates Hawaii's economy, with small increases in visitor expenditures contributing significantly to the gross state product. Transportation industries, along with restaurant and accommodation services, account for a disproportionately large share of this growth. Key residential transportation sectors (transit and motor vehicles) contract in response to cost increases generated by a growth in visitor demand. The use of the I-O table and CGE modeling provides a useful analytical and planning tool for evaluating economic scenarios within a region such as Hawaii. The increased availability of both data sets and new modeling techniques offers opportunities to planners, engineers, and transportation policy makers.
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Ryglová, Kateřina, Ida Rašovská, and Jakub Šácha. "Rural Tourism – Evaluating the Quality of Destination." European Countryside 9, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 769–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0043.
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Abstract This paper concerns the topic of rural destination quality from the viewpoint of tourism development. The research exploring crucial quality factors from the viewpoint of demand is presented. Rural tourism participants attribute the highest significance to Destination cleanliness and Sense of security. The evaluation of the importance of most research quality factors is not dependent on gender and on the contrary, the importance of 16 quality factors depends on the visitor´s age. In the case of the factor of “Friendly acceptance by the locals”, the most significant influence on the visitor´s return to the destination was confirmed. On the contrary, this impact was not proven for the factor of “Level of prices of services and goods in the destination”. The research and the successive factor analysis revealed 6 dimensions representing the rural destination quality: Services, Image, Transportation, Well-being, Information/Communication and Attractions/ Experiences; Well-being was identified as the most important. This was consecutively confirmed by the analysis of the quality factors’ impact on the visitor´s overall satisfaction and loyalty to the destination. The research findings provide the theory with topical destination quality dimensions as well as contribute to better understanding of visitor´s behavioural mechanisms in rural areas.
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Simpson, Greg D., Jessica Patroni, Albert C. K. Teo, Jennifer K. L. Chan, and David Newsome. "Importance-performance analysis to inform visitor management at marine wildlife tourism destinations." Journal of Tourism Futures 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-11-2018-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to postulate that the technique of Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is currently underutilised in visitor management studies reported in the peer-reviewed marine wildlife tourism (MWT) research literature. Further, this paper provides insight into how IPA could inform future research and management of tourism experiences at marine wildlife destinations. Design/methodology/approach This paper synthesises learning gained from the natural area tourism and recreation literature that report the application of IPA in MWT and insights from a recent study at the Dolphin Discovery Centre in Bunbury, Western Australia. Findings Although currently underutilized in MWT research, IPA is a relatively straightforward, easy to interpret, and, if correctly applied, a powerful tool that managers and researchers can employ to investigate and enhance visitor satisfaction in the short-term and for longer-term sustainability of the industry through visitor-informed tourism management. Originality/value Having identified the opportunity to enhance visitor experiences, site management and target species welfare through increased IPA research, this review provides a plain language introduction to the application of IPA and direct access to comprehensible academic discourses and exemplars for the technique. Moreover, in light of increasing tourism demand, IPA can assist in determining management options for the future.