Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vision prosthesis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Vision prosthesis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Vision prosthesis"

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Kirpichnikov, M. P., and М. А. Оstrovsky. "Optogenetics and vision." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873892125-130.

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In this article the authors discuss electronic and optogenetic approaches for degenerative (blind) retina prosthesis as the main strategies for the restoration of vision to blind people. Primary attention is devoted to the prospects of developing retinal prostheses for the blind using modern optogenetic methods, and rhodopsins, which are photosensitive retinal-binding proteins, are examined as potential tools for such prostheses. The authors consider the question of which particular cells of the degenerative retina for which rhodopsins can be prosthetic as well as ways of delivering the rhodopsin genes to these cells. In conclusion, the authors elucidate the main provisions and tasks related to optogenetic prosthetics for degenerative retina.
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Lin, Xiangli. "Neurophysiology Based on Deep Neural Network under Artificial Prosthesis Vision." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2074, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2074/1/012083.

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Abstract With the vigorous development of electronic technology and computer technology, as well as the continuous advancement of research in the fields of neurophysiology, bionics and medicine, the artificial visual prosthesis has brought hope to the blind to restore their vision. Artificial optical prosthesis research has confirmed that prosthetic vision can restore part of the visual function of patients with non-congenital blindness, but the mechanism of early prosthetic image processing still needs to be clarified through neurophysiological research. The purpose of this article is to study neurophysiology based on deep neural networks under simulated prosthetic vision. This article uses neurophysiological experiments and mathematical statistical methods to study the vision of simulated prostheses, and test and improve the image processing strategies used to simulate the visual design of prostheses. In this paper, based on the low-pixel image recognition of the simulating irregular phantom view point array, the deep neural network is used in the image processing strategy of prosthetic vision, and the effect of the image processing method on object image recognition is evaluated by the recognition rate. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the two low-pixel segmentation and low-pixel background reduction methods proposed by the deep neural network under simulated prosthetic vision is about 70%, which can significantly increase the impact of object recognition, thereby improving the overall recognition ability of visual guidance.
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Wang, Jing, Rongfeng Zhao, Peitong Li, Zhiqiang Fang, Qianqian Li, Yanling Han, Ruyan Zhou, and Yun Zhang. "Clinical Progress and Optimization of Information Processing in Artificial Visual Prostheses." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 6544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176544.

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Visual prostheses, used to assist in restoring functional vision to the visually impaired, convert captured external images into corresponding electrical stimulation patterns that are stimulated by implanted microelectrodes to induce phosphenes and eventually visual perception. Detecting and providing useful visual information to the prosthesis wearer under limited artificial vision has been an important concern in the field of visual prosthesis. Along with the development of prosthetic device design and stimulus encoding methods, researchers have explored the possibility of the application of computer vision by simulating visual perception under prosthetic vision. Effective image processing in computer vision is performed to optimize artificial visual information and improve the ability to restore various important visual functions in implant recipients, allowing them to better achieve their daily demands. This paper first reviews the recent clinical implantation of different types of visual prostheses, summarizes the artificial visual perception of implant recipients, and especially focuses on its irregularities, such as dropout and distorted phosphenes. Then, the important aspects of computer vision in the optimization of visual information processing are reviewed, and the possibilities and shortcomings of these solutions are discussed. Ultimately, the development direction and emphasis issues for improving the performance of visual prosthesis devices are summarized.
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Kanathila, Dr Hema, and Dr Ashwin M Pangi. "Adhesive Retained Ocular Prosthesis - “Correcting Defects Providing Quality Life”: Clinical Case Series." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220446.

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Ocular defects are usually due to maxillofacial trauma. This causes an alteration of facial appearance and aesthetics. Apart from psychological trauma to the patient, it interferes with the normal life. Hence correcting such defects with prostheses can get back the individual to normal social life. A prosthetic eye is an answer for these defects. It can help in improving the appearance of the defective eye socket Even though it cannot restore vision, it gives normal appearance for the patient and mental support to a great extent. Adjusting to the ocular prosthesis can be really challenging both mentally as well as physically. This article describes the fabrication of custom-made ocular prostheses retained by adhesives in a series of cases where patients have lost their eyes due to trauma. Keywords: Eye prosthesis, Ocular Prosthesis, Custom eye prosthesis, Adhesive retention.
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Prasad, Raghavendra, Ritika Bhambhani, and Shalini Joshi. "Esthetic Problem: Prosthetic Solution for an Ocular Defect." World Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 3 (2012): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1171.

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ABSTRACT Anophthalmia (The loss an eye) not only impairs patient's vision but also create a noticeable deformity on facial appearance and esthetics. The condition is a psychological distress for the patient interrupting his routine work. 'sarvendriyanam nayanam pradhanum’ states vision to be the supreme among all the senses. A prosthodontist as an integral member of the craniofacial rehabilitation team can help raise the spirits and ease the mind of the affected. Among various approaches, customized ocular prosthesis achieves better comfort and function between prosthesis and orbital tissues. This is a case report of a female patient of age 22 years had lost her eye as a child due to trauma and the above mentioned prosthesis was planned and fabricated to enhance appearance and boost her confidence. Getting eyesight back is not always possible, but maxillofacial prosthetics can help to reduce the pain of psychological embarrassment. Artistic skills are needed in providing a natural look to the prosthesis; this technique may help in a naturally appearing prosthesis with lesser artistic skills. How to cite this article Prasad R, Bhambhani R, Joshi S. Esthetic Problem: Prosthetic Solution for an Ocular Defect. World J Dent 2012;3(3):269-272.
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Boshlyakov, Andrew A., and Alexander S. Ermakov. "Development of a Vision System for an Intelligent Robotic Hand Prosthesis Using Neural Network Technology." ITM Web of Conferences 35 (2020): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203504006.

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A brief review of the existing auxiliary prosthetic control systems was carried out. The concept of an intelligent prosthesis is proposed, which will expand the possibilities of application and simplify the use of the prosthesis. The required actions of the vision system in automatic and manual capture modes are considered. The sequence of operation of the subsystems of the technical vision system is determined. The possibility of implementing a prosthesis vision system based on neural network technology is shown. The method of using a ready-made neural network for recognition of objects by a prosthesis is considered. The possibilities of using the considered neural network technologies in the mathematical education of engineers are presented. A version of the prosthesis design is proposed. The possibility of constructing the described prosthesis is shown.
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Lyu, Qing, Zhuofan Lu, Heng Li, Shirong Qiu, Jiahui Guo, Xiaohong Sui, Pengcheng Sun, Liming Li, Xinyu Chai, and Nigel H. Lovell. "A Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Array to Generate Virtual Electrodes for Epiretinal Prosthesis Based on a Modeling Study." International Journal of Neural Systems 30, no. 03 (February 18, 2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065720500069.

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Despite many advances in the development of retinal prostheses, clinical reports show that current retinal prosthesis subjects can only perceive prosthetic vision with poor visual acuity. A possible approach for improving visual acuity is to produce virtual electrodes (VEs) through electric field modulation. Generating controllable and localized VEs is a crucial factor in effectively improving the perceptive resolution of the retinal prostheses. In this paper, we aimed to design a microelectrode array (MEA) that can produce converged and controllable VEs by current steering stimulation strategies. Through computational modeling, we designed a three-dimensional concentric ring–disc MEA and evaluated its performance with different stimulation strategies. Our simulation results showed that electrode–retina distance (ERD) and inter-electrode distance (IED) can dramatically affect the distribution of electric field. Also the converged VEs could be produced when the parameters of the three-dimensional MEA were appropriately set. VE sites can be controlled by manipulating the proportion of current on each adjacent electrode in a current steering group (CSG). In addition, spatial localization of electrical stimulation can be greatly improved under quasi-monopolar (QMP) stimulation. This study may provide support for future application of VEs in epiretinal prosthesis for potentially increasing the visual acuity of prosthetic vision.
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Bernal-Torres, Mario G., Hugo I. Medellín-Castillo, and Juan C. Arellano-González. "Design and Control of a New Biomimetic Transfemoral Knee Prosthesis Using an Echo-Control Scheme." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8783642.

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Passive knee prostheses require a significant amount of additional metabolic energy to carry out a gait cycle, therefore affecting the natural human walk performance. Current active knee prostheses are still limited because they do not reply with accuracy of the natural human knee movement, and the time response is relatively large. This paper presents the design and control of a new biomimetic-controlled transfemoral knee prosthesis based on a polycentric-type mechanism. The aim was to develop a knee prosthesis able to provide additional power and to mimic with accuracy of the natural human knee movement using a stable control strategy. The design of the knee mechanism was obtained from the body-guidance kinematics synthesis based on real human walking patterns obtained from computer vision and 3D reconstruction. A biomechanical evaluation of the synthesized prosthesis was then carried out. For the activation and control of the prosthesis, an echo-control strategy was proposed and developed. In this echo-control strategy, the sound side leg is sensed and synchronized with the activation of the knee prosthesis. An experimental prototype was built and evaluated in a test rig. The results revealed that the prosthetic knee is able to mimic the biomechanics of the human knee.
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Nazari, Hossein, Paulo Falabella, Lan Yue, James Weiland, and Mark S. Humayun. "Retinal Prostheses." Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases 1, no. 3 (April 20, 2017): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2474126417702067.

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Artificial vision is restoring sight by electrical stimulation of the visual system at the level of retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate body, or occipital cortex. The development of artificial vision began with occipital cortex prosthesis; however, retinal prosthesis has advanced faster in recent years. Currently, multiple efforts are focused on finding the optimal approach for restoring vision through an implantable retinal microelectrode array system. Retinal prostheses function by stimulating the inner retinal neurons that survive retinal degeneration. In these devices, the visual information, gathered by a light detector, is transformed into controlled patterns of electrical pulses, which are in turn delivered to the surviving retinal neurons by an electrode array. Retinal prostheses are classified based on where the stimulating array is implanted (ie, epiretinal, subretinal, suprachoroidal, or episcleral). Recent regulatory approval of 2 retinal prostheses has greatly escalated interest in the potential of these devices to treat blindness secondary to outer retinal degeneration. This review will focus on the technical and operational features and functional outcomes of clinically tested retinal prostheses. We will discuss the major barriers and some of the more promising solutions to improve the outcomes of restoring vision with electrical retinal stimulation.
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Banarji, A., VS Gurunadh, S. Patyal, TS Ahluwalia, DP Vats, and M. Bhadauria. "Visual Prosthesis: Artificial Vision." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 65, no. 4 (October 2009): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(09)80098-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vision prosthesis"

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Wong, Yan Tat Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Effects of neurostimulation via a suprachoroidal vision prosthesis." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43654.

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Microelectronic vision prostheses aim to restore visual percepts through electrical stimulation of the surviving visual pathways in the blind. Electrical stimulation has been shown to produce spots of light in the visual field. A neurostimulator that forms the basis of a vision prosthesis was designed using a high voltage CMOS process to allow it to be able to stimulate when faced with high electrode-tissue impedances. It was implemented with novel features that allow it to be scalable, and to focus charge injection, and can stimulate multiple sites simultaneously using a current source and sink at each site. To reduce electrical cross-talk between multiple stimulation sites, six-return electrodes surround each stimulating electrode, electrically guarding them from each other. The six-return electrode configuration was shown to reduce electrical cross-talk in saline bath tests compared to single-return electrode configurations. The neurostimulator was used to evoke responses from cats through electrical stimulation via intravitreal ball electrodes, corneal electrodes, and planar electrode arrays in the suprachoroidal space. Responses were measured on the visual cortex through optical imaging of intrinsic signals, and through surface electrodes. Using the planar electrode array in the suprachoroidal space, responses were elicited to biphasic, bipolar and monopolar stimuli, with each stimulating electrode coupled with either six-return electrodes, two-return electrodes, or a single-return electrode. The average charge threshold to elicit a response for biphasic, bipolar stimulation with six-return electrodes was 76.47 ?? 8.76 nC (standard error of the mean). For biphasic, bipolar stimulation, the magnitude and area of cortical response with the six-return electrode configurations was on average 2.18 ?? 0.19 times smaller than single-return electrode configurations, and 1.89 ?? 0.19 times smaller than two-return electrode configurations (P < 0.0001). It was also found that for biphasic stimulation, a greater magnitude and area of response was elicited for monopolar stimulation compared to bipolar stimulation. This dissertation details the design and testing of a novel, scalable neurostimulator to focus charge injection. It also shows that suprachoroidal, bipolar stimulation can elicit visual responses, and that the area of cortical activation was more focused when using bipolar, biphasic stimulation, and six-return electrodes.
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Dommel, Norbert Brian Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A vision prosthesis neurostimulator: progress towards the realisation of a neural prosthesis for the blind." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41249.

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Restoring vision to the blind has been an objective of several research teams for a number of years. It is known that spots of light -- phosphenes -- can be elicited by way of electrical stimulation of surviving retinal neurons. Beyond this, however, our understanding of prosthetic vision remains rudimentary. To advance the realisation of a clinically viable prosthesis for the blind, a versatile integrated circuit neurostimulator was designed, manufactured, and verified. The neurostimulator provides electrical stimuli to surviving neurons in the visual pathway, affording blind patients some form of patterned vision; besides other benefits (independence), this limited vision would let patients distinguish between day and night (resetting their circadian rhythm). This thesis presents the development of the neurostimulator, an interdisciplinary work bridging engineering and medicine. Features of the neurostimulator include: high-voltage CMOS transistors in key circuits, to prevent voltage compliance issues due to an unknown or changing combined tissue and electrode/tissue interface impedance; simultaneous stimulation using current sources and sinks, with return electrodes configured to provide maximum charge containment at each stimulation site; stimuli delivered to a two dimensional mosaic of hexagonally packed electrodes, multiplexing current sources and sinks to allow each electrode in the whole mosaic to become a stimulation site; electrode shorting to remove excess charge accumulated during each stimulation phase. Detailed electrical testing and characterisation verified that the neurostimulator performed as specified, and comparable to, or better than, other vision prostheses neurostimulators. In addition, results from several animal experiments verified that the neurostimulator can elicit electrically evoked visual responses. The features of the neurostimulator enable research into how simultaneous electrical stimulation affects the visual neural pathways; those research results could impact other neural prosthetics research and devices.
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Siu, Timothy Lok Tin Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Artificial vision: feasibility of an episcleral retinal prosthesis & implications of neuroplasticity." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42879.

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Background. A visual prosthesis is a conceptual device designed to activate residual functional neurons in the visual pathway of blind individuals to produce artificial vision. Such device, when applied to stimulate the vitreous surface of the retina, has proven feasible in producing patterned light perception in blind individuals suffering from dystrophic diseases of the retina, such as aged-related macular degeneration (AMD). However the practicality of such approach has been challenged by the difficulty of surgical access and the risks of damaging the neuroretina. Positioning a visual implant over the scleral surface of the eye could present a safer alternative but this stimulation modality has not been tested in diseased retinas. Additionally, recent research has shown that the adult neocortex retains substantial plasticity following a disruption to its visual input and the potential deterioration in visual capabilities as a result of such experience modification may undermine the overall bionic rescue strategy. Methods. Two animal models mimicking the principal pathologies found in AMD, namely photoreceptor degeneration and reduced retinal ganglion cell mass, were used to evaluate the efficacy of trans-scleral stimulation of the retina by recording electrical evoked potentials in the visual cortex. The visual performance following the loss of pattern vision induced by bilateral eyelid suturing in adult mice was examined by analysing visual evoked potentials. Findings. Spatially differentiated cortical activations were obtained notwithstanding the underlying retinopathy in the experiment animals. The charge density thresholds were found to be similar to controls and below the bioelectric safety limit. After prolonged visual deprivation (weeks) in the mouse, the visual cortical responses evoked by either electrical or photic stimuli were both significantly reduced. An assessment of different visual capabilities using patterned stimuli demonstrated that whilst visual acuity and motion sensitivity were preserved, significant depression in luminance and contrast sensitivities was detected. Conclusion. Trans-scleral stimulation of the retina is a feasible approach for the development of a visual prosthesis. Following visual loss the adult brain exhibits significant experience-dependent modifications. These new insights may force a revision on the current bionic rescue strategy.
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Luján, Villarreal Diego [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Krautschneider. "Toward pixel-wise vision in epiretinal visual prosthesis / Diego Luján Villarreal ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Krautschneider." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1145033768/34.

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Tatur, Guillaume. "Conception d'un système de vision par phosphènes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20006.

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Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre plus général de la réalisation d'une prothèse visuelle, destinée aux personnes atteintes de cécité tardive due à une maladie dégénérative des cellules photo réceptrices de la rétine. Par la stimulation adéquate de certaines parties des voies optiques encore fonctionnelles, il est possible de transmettre à nouveau des perceptions visuelles, appelées phosphènes, dans le champ visuel du patient. Les études actuelles portant sur le contenu informationnel de cette vision prothétique proposent simplement de réduire la résolution de l'image d'une caméra embarquée. Notre étude propose une nouvelle approche basée sur le principe de la vision fonctionnelle, développée en collaboration avec les spécialistes de la rééducation fonctionnelle de l'institut ARAMAV. Par le biais de cette approche innovante, nous avons défini des méthodes d'extraction et de représentation des informations de la scène. L'objectif est d'améliorer l'autonomie en mobilité et de rendre possible la perception des expressions faciales. Pour évaluer la pertinence de ces propositions, nous avons développé un simulateur de vision prothétique, dont les paramètres sont basés sur les résultats d'essais cliniques. Pour la mobilité, nous mettons notamment en évidence l'intérêt de fournir un accès aux informations 3D, en substitution ou en complément de l'information de luminosité, ainsi que l'intérêt d'utiliser un oculomètre pour améliorer et faciliter la prise d'informations. Des expériences spécifiques à la mobilité, ainsi que certains résultats initiaux sont présentés. Pour la reconnaissance des expressions faciales, notre étude apporte la preuve que ces expressions sont correctement perçues si nous combinons des techniques de sélection de l'information et l'utilisation de certains prétraitements
This work falls within the broader framework of visual prostheses conception, designed for people suffering from late blindness due to degenerative diseases of retina photoreceptor cells. By stimulating certain part of the optical pathway that is still functional, it is possible to elicit visual perceptions, called phosphenes, in the subject's visual field. Recent studies on the problematic of informational content of prosthetic vision propose, in majority, a simple reduction in the resolution of grayscale images acquired from a single head worn camera. Our study proposes a new approach based on the principle of functional vision, developed in collaboration with specialists in functional rehabilitation of the ARAMAV institute. Through this innovative approach, we have defined methods for extraction and representation of scene informational content, which aim to improve autonomy in mobility and to make possible the perception of facial expressio ns. In order to evaluate these propositions, we have developed a prosthetic vision simulator, whose parameters are based on clinical trials results. For mobility, we present the usefulness of providing access to 3D information, in substitution or in addition with brightness information and the usefulness of an eye tracking device to improve and facilitate spatial knowledge acquisition. Experiments dedicated to mobility as well as some preliminary results are presented. For the recognition of facial expressions, our study provides evidence that these expressions are correctly perceived if we combined information selection and specific image processing techniques
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Hallum, Luke Edward Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Prosthetic vision : Visual modelling, information theory and neural correlates." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41450.

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Electrical stimulation of the retina affected by photoreceptor loss (e.g., cases of retinitis pigmentosa) elicits the perception of luminous spots (so-called phosphenes) in the visual field. This phenomenon, attributed to the relatively high survival rates of neurons comprising the retina's inner layer, serves as the cornerstone of efforts to provide a microelectronic retinal prosthesis -- a device analogous to the cochlear implant. This thesis concerns phosphenes -- their elicitation and modulation, and, in turn, image analysis for use in a prosthesis. This thesis begins with a comparative review of visual modelling of electrical epiretinal stimulation and analogous acoustic modelling of electrical cochlear stimulation. The latter models involve coloured noise played to normal listeners so as to investigate speech processing and electrode design for use in cochlear implants. Subsequently, four experiments (three psychophysical and one numerical), and two statistical analyses, are presented. Intrinsic signal optical imaging in cerebral cortex is canvassed appendically. The first experiment describes a visual tracking task administered to 20 normal observers afforded simulated prosthetic vision. Fixation, saccade, and smooth pursuit, and the effect of practice, were assessed. Further, an image analysis scheme is demonstrated that, compared to existing approaches, assisted fixation and pursuit (but not saccade) accuracy (35.8% and 6.8%, respectively), and required less phosphene array scanning. Subsequently, (numerical) information-theoretic reasoning is provided for the scheme's superiority. This reasoning was then employed to further optimise the scheme (resulting in a filter comprising overlapping Gaussian kernels), and may be readily extended to arbitrary arrangements of many phosphenes. A face recognition study, wherein stimuli comprised either size- or intensity-modulated phosphenes, is then presented. The study involved unpracticed observers (n=85), and showed no 'size' --versus--'intensity' effect. Overall, a 400-phosphene (100-phosphene) image afforded subjects 89.0% (64.0%) correct recognition (two-interval forced-choice paradigm) when five seconds' scanning was allowed. Performance fell (64.5%) when the 400-phosphene image was stabilised on the retina and presented briefly. Scanning was similar in 400- and 100-phosphene tasks. The final chapter presents the statistical effects of sampling and rendering jitter on the phosphene image. These results may generalise to low-resolution imaging systems involving loosely packed pixels.
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Dowling, Jason Anthony. "Mobility enhancement using simulated artificial human vision." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16380/1/Jason_Dowling_Thesis.pdf.

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The electrical stimulation of appropriate components of the human visual system can result in the perception of blobs of light (or phosphenes) in totally blind patients. By stimulating an array of closely aligned electrodes it is possible for a patient to perceive very low-resolution images from spatially aligned phosphenes. Using this approach, a number of international research groups are working toward developing multiple electrode systems (called Artificial Human Vision (AHV) systems or visual prostheses) to provide a phosphene-based substitute for normal human vision. Despite the great promise, there are currently a number of constraints with current AHV systems. These include limitations in the number of electrodes which can be implanted and the perceived spatial layout and display frequency of phosphenes. Therefore the development of computer vision techniques that can maximise the visualisation value of the limited number of phosphenes would be useful in compensating for these constraints. The lack of an objective method for comparing different AHV system displays, in addition to comparing AHV systems and other blind mobility aids (such as the long cane), has been a significant problem for AHV researchers. Finally, AHV research in Australia and many other countries relies strongly on theoretical models and animal experimentation due to the difficult of prototype human trials. Because of this constraint the experiments conducted in this thesis were limited to simulated AHV devices with normally sighted research participants and the true impact on blind people can only be regarded as approximated. In light of these constraints, this thesis has two general aims. The first aim is to investigate, evaluate and develop effective techniques for mobility assessment which will allow the objective comparison of different AHV system phosphene presentation methods. The second aim is to develop a useful display framework to guide the development of AHV information presentation, and use this framework to guide the development of an AHV simulation device. The first research contribution resulting from this work is a conceptual framework based on literature reviews of blind and low vision mobility, AHV technology, and computer vision. This framework incorporates a comprehensive number of factors which affect the effectiveness of information presentation in an AHV system. Experiments reported in this thesis have investigated a number of these factors using simulated AHV with human participants. It has been found that higher spatial resolution is associated with accurate walking (reduced veering), whereas higher display rate is associated with faster walking speeds. In this way it has been demonstrated that the conceptual framework supports and guides the development of an adaptive AHV system, with the dynamic adjustment of display properties in real-time. The second research contribution addresses mobility assessment which has been identified as an important issue in the AHV literature. This thesis presents the adaptation of a mobility assessment method from the blind and low vision literature to measure simulated AHV mobility performance using real-time computer based analysis. This method of mobility assessment (based on parameters for walking speed, obstacle contacts and veering) is demonstrated experimentally in two different indoor mobility courses. These experiments involved sixty-five participants wearing a head-mounted simulation device. The final research contribution in this thesis is the development and evaluation of an original real-time looming obstacle detector, based on coarse optical flow, and implemented on a Windows PocketPC based Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) using a CF card camera. PDA based processors are a preferred main processing platform for AHV systems due to their small size, light weight and ease of software development. However, PDA devices are currently constrained by restricted random access memory, lack of a floating point unit and slow internal bus speeds. Therefore any real-time software needs to maximise the use of integer calculations and minimise memory usage. This contribution was significant as the resulting device provided a selection of experimental results and subjective opinions.
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Dowling, Jason Anthony. "Mobility enhancement using simulated artificial human vision." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16380/.

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The electrical stimulation of appropriate components of the human visual system can result in the perception of blobs of light (or phosphenes) in totally blind patients. By stimulating an array of closely aligned electrodes it is possible for a patient to perceive very low-resolution images from spatially aligned phosphenes. Using this approach, a number of international research groups are working toward developing multiple electrode systems (called Artificial Human Vision (AHV) systems or visual prostheses) to provide a phosphene-based substitute for normal human vision. Despite the great promise, there are currently a number of constraints with current AHV systems. These include limitations in the number of electrodes which can be implanted and the perceived spatial layout and display frequency of phosphenes. Therefore the development of computer vision techniques that can maximise the visualisation value of the limited number of phosphenes would be useful in compensating for these constraints. The lack of an objective method for comparing different AHV system displays, in addition to comparing AHV systems and other blind mobility aids (such as the long cane), has been a significant problem for AHV researchers. Finally, AHV research in Australia and many other countries relies strongly on theoretical models and animal experimentation due to the difficult of prototype human trials. Because of this constraint the experiments conducted in this thesis were limited to simulated AHV devices with normally sighted research participants and the true impact on blind people can only be regarded as approximated. In light of these constraints, this thesis has two general aims. The first aim is to investigate, evaluate and develop effective techniques for mobility assessment which will allow the objective comparison of different AHV system phosphene presentation methods. The second aim is to develop a useful display framework to guide the development of AHV information presentation, and use this framework to guide the development of an AHV simulation device. The first research contribution resulting from this work is a conceptual framework based on literature reviews of blind and low vision mobility, AHV technology, and computer vision. This framework incorporates a comprehensive number of factors which affect the effectiveness of information presentation in an AHV system. Experiments reported in this thesis have investigated a number of these factors using simulated AHV with human participants. It has been found that higher spatial resolution is associated with accurate walking (reduced veering), whereas higher display rate is associated with faster walking speeds. In this way it has been demonstrated that the conceptual framework supports and guides the development of an adaptive AHV system, with the dynamic adjustment of display properties in real-time. The second research contribution addresses mobility assessment which has been identified as an important issue in the AHV literature. This thesis presents the adaptation of a mobility assessment method from the blind and low vision literature to measure simulated AHV mobility performance using real-time computer based analysis. This method of mobility assessment (based on parameters for walking speed, obstacle contacts and veering) is demonstrated experimentally in two different indoor mobility courses. These experiments involved sixty-five participants wearing a head-mounted simulation device. The final research contribution in this thesis is the development and evaluation of an original real-time looming obstacle detector, based on coarse optical flow, and implemented on a Windows PocketPC based Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) using a CF card camera. PDA based processors are a preferred main processing platform for AHV systems due to their small size, light weight and ease of software development. However, PDA devices are currently constrained by restricted random access memory, lack of a floating point unit and slow internal bus speeds. Therefore any real-time software needs to maximise the use of integer calculations and minimise memory usage. This contribution was significant as the resulting device provided a selection of experimental results and subjective opinions.
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Maghribi, M. "Microfabrication of an Implantable silicone Microelectrode array for an epiretinal prosthesis." Washington, D.C : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : United States. Dept. of Energy ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2003. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15005780-5uYpbJ/native/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to the Univ. of California, Davis, CA (US); 10 Jun 2003.
Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "UCRL-LR-153347" Maghribi, M. 06/10/2003. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.
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Mailhot, Nathaniel. "Pupil Tracking and Control of a Laser Based Power System for a Vision Restoring Retinal Implant." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38709.

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For elderly Canadians, the prevalence of vision impairment caused by degenerative retinal pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, is at an occurrence rate of 14 percent, and on the rise. It has been shown that visual function can be restored by electrically stimulating intact retinal tissue with an array of micro-electrodes with suitable signals. Commercial retinal implants carrying such a micro-electrode array achieve this, but to date must receive power and data over copper wire cable passing through a permanent surgical incision in the eye wall (sclera). This project is defined by a collaboration with iBIONICS, who are developing retinal implants for treatment of such conditions. iBIONICS has developed the Diamond Eye retinal implant, along with several technology sub-systems to form a comprehensive and viable medical solution. Notably, the Diamond Eye system can be powered wirelessly, with no need for a permanent surgical incision. The thesis work is focused on the formulation, simulation and hardware demonstration of a powering system, mounted on glasses frame, for a retinal implant. The system includes a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) mirror that directs a laser beam to the implant through the pupil opening. The work presented here is built on two main components: an iterative predictor-corrector algorithm (Kalman filter) that estimates pupil coordinates from measurements provided by an image-based eye tracking algorithm; and an misalignment compensation algorithm that maps eye pupil coordinates into mirror coordinates, and compensates for misalignment caused by rigid body motions of the glasses lens mirror and the MEMS mirror with respect to the eye. Pupil tracker and misalignment compensation control performance are illustrated through simulated scenarios. The project also involves the development of a hardware prototype that is used to test algorithms and related software.
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Books on the topic "Vision prosthesis"

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Visual Prosthetics: Physiology, Bioengineering, Rehabilitation. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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A, Sousa Leonel, ed. Bioelectronic vision: Retina models, evaluation metrics, and system design. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2009.

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Chapin, John K., Ph. D. and Moxon Karen A, eds. Neural prostheses for restoration of sensory and motor function. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001.

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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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(Editor), Joyce Tombran-Tink, Colin J. Barnstable (Editor), and Joseph F. Rizzo III (Editor), eds. Visual Prosthesis and Ophthalmic Devices: New Hope in Sight (Ophthalmology Research). Humana Press, 2007.

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Shaheen, Aaron. Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857785.001.0001.

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Drawing on rehabilitation publications, novels by both famous and lesser-known American writers, and even the prosthetic masks of a classically trained sculptor, Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture addresses the ways in which prosthetic devices were designed, promoted, and depicted in America in the years during and after the First World War. The war’s mechanized weaponry ushered in an entirely new relationship between organic bodies and the technology that could both cause and attempt to remedy hideous injuries. This relationship was evident in the realm of prosthetic development, which by the second decade of the twentieth century promoted the belief that a prosthesis should be a spiritual extension of the person who possessed it. This spiritualized vision of prostheses held a particular resonance in American postwar culture. Relying on some of the most recent developments in literary and disability studies, the book’s six chapters explain how a prosthesis’s spiritual promise was largely dependent on its ability to nullify an injury and help an amputee renew (or even improve upon) his prewar life. But if it proved too cumbersome, obtrusive, or painful, the device had the long-lasting power to efface or distort his “spirit” or personality.
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Dagnelie, Gislin. Visual Prosthetics: Physiology, Bioengineering, Rehabilitation. Springer, 2014.

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Artificial sight: Basic research, biomedical engineering, and clinical advances. United States: Springer Verlag, 2007.

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Weiland, James D., Gerald Chader, Mark S. Humayun, and Elias Greenbaum. Artificial Sight: Basic Research, Biomedical Engineering, and Clinical Advances. Springer London, Limited, 2007.

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Weiland, James D., Gerald Chader, Mark S. Humayun, and Elias Greenbaum. Artificial Sight: Basic Research, Biomedical Engineering, and Clinical Advances. Springer New York, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vision prosthesis"

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Weiland, James. "Vision Prosthesis." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 3054–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_563.

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Weiland, James. "Vision Prosthesis." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 1–3. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_563-1.

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Kyada, Margee J., Nathaniel J. Killian, and John S. Pezaris. "Thalamic Visual Prosthesis Project." In Artificial Vision, 177–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41876-6_14.

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Girvin, J. P., and A. G. Martins. "Impaired Vision: Visual Prosthesis." In Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 3009–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69960-6_182.

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Troyk, Philip R. "The Intracortical Visual Prosthesis Project." In Artificial Vision, 203–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41876-6_16.

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Falabella, Paulo, Hossein Nazari, Paulo Schor, James D. Weiland, and Mark S. Humayun. "Argus® II Retinal Prosthesis System." In Artificial Vision, 49–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41876-6_5.

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Li, Menghui, Yan Yan, Kaijie Wu, Yiliang Lu, Jingjing Sun, Yao Chen, Xinyu Chai, et al. "Penetrative Optic Nerve-Based Visual Prosthesis Research." In Artificial Vision, 165–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41876-6_13.

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Mura, Marco, and Patrik Schatz. "Artificial Vision and Retinal Prosthesis." In Cutting-edge Vitreoretinal Surgery, 443–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4168-5_41.

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Fujikado, Takashi. "Retinal Prosthesis by Suprachoroidal-Transretinal Stimulation (STS), Japanese Approach." In Artificial Vision, 139–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41876-6_11.

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Lorach, Henri, and Daniel Palanker. "High Resolution Photovoltaic Subretinal Prosthesis for Restoration of Sight." In Artificial Vision, 115–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41876-6_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vision prosthesis"

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Subramaniam, Mahadevan, Parvathi Chundi, Abhilash Muthuraj, Eyal Margalit, and Sylvie Sim. "Simulating prosthetic vision with disortions for retinal prosthesis design." In the 2012 international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2389707.2389719.

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Wu, Hao, Jing Wang, Heng Li, and Xinyu Chai. "Prosthetic vision simulating system and its application based on retinal prosthesis." In 2014 International Conference on Information Science, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (ISEEE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infoseee.2014.6948145.

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Lowery, Arthur James. "Introducing the Monash vision group's cortical prosthesis." In 2013 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2013.6738316.

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Jin Liu and Xiantai Gou. "Information processing model of artificial vision prosthesis." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccet.2010.5485609.

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Rizzo, Rudy, and Jong Mo Seo. "Modeling fixational eye movement for the vision prosthesis." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857015.

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Kwek, Benjamin, Freddie Sunarso, Melissa Teoh, Arrian van Zal, Philip Preston, and Oliver Diessel. "FPGA-based video processing for a vision prosthesis." In 2010 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2010.5681430.

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Zhang, Bo, Sheng Liu, and Zhiyin Gan. "Development of Flexible Stimulation Devices for Vision Prosthesis." In 2006 7th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2006.359817.

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Ordonez, J., P. Dautel, M. Schuettler, and T. Stieglitz. "Hermetic glass soldered micro-packages for a vision prosthesis." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346542.

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Juday, Richard D., and David S. Loshin. "Some Examples Of Image Warping For Low Vision Prosthesis." In 1988 Technical Symposium on Optics, Electro-Optics, and Sensors, edited by Richard D. Juday. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.976589.

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Addi, M. Mohd, S. Dokos, P. J. Preston, N. Dommel, Y. T. Wong, and N. H. Lovell. "Charge recovery during concurrent stimulation for a vision prosthesis." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649527.

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