Dissertations / Theses: 'Vision prevention'

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Carlsson, Noomi. "A Zero-vision for Children’s Tobacco Smoke Exposure : Tobacco prevention in Child Health Care." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pediatrik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79331.

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Adverse health effects in children caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well known. Children are primarily exposed by their parents’ smoking in their homes. A comprehensive evidence base shows that parental smoking during pregnancy and ETS exposure in early childhood are associated with an increased risk for a range of adverse health problems. Child Health Care nurses, who meet nearly all families in Sweden with children aged 0-6 years, have thus an important role in tobacco preventive work in order to support parents in their ambitions to protect their children from ETS exposure. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop, test and evaluate a new model for tobacco preventive work in Child Health Care (CHC) with special focus on areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking. In a first step CHC nurses’ and parents’ views on tobacco preventive work were analysed in two studies based on questionnaires. The intervention was performed during the second step, based on the results from nurses’ and parents’ experience of the tobacco preventive work in CHC, and with methods from Quality Improvement. An “intervention bundle” was developed which included evidence based methods for prevention of ETS exposure, and four learning sessions for the nurses. The instrument “Smoking in Children’s Environment Test” (SiCET) included in the bundle was evaluated with focus group interviews with the CHC nurses who participated in the intervention. Two urine samples were analysed to measure cotinine levels in children which provide an estimate for ETS exposure. Parents’ answers from the SiCET questionnaire, measurements of cotinine, and data from the nurses’ log-books were used in the evaluation of the effects of the intervention. In areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking 22 nurses recruited 86 families of whom 72 took part for the entire one-year period of the intervention. The results showed that parents wanted to have information on the harmful effects tobacco smoke have on their children and how they can protect their children from ETS exposure. The nurses saw tobacco preventive work as important but they experienced difficulties to reach certain groups such as fathers, foreign-born parents, and those who are socio-economically disadvantaged. The SiCET instrument provided a basis for dialogue with parents. The main results from the intervention showed that ten parents (11%) quit smoking, thirty-two families (44%) decreased their cigarette consumption in the home, and fewer children were exposed to tobacco smoke. Consequently, more children showed levels of urinary cotinine less than 6 ng/ml (base-line n=43, follow up n=54; p=0.05). The total number of outdoor smokers did not change. Seven of the nurses (30%) had successful results in their areas with a decrease of smokers in families with a child of 8 months, from 20% in 2009 to 12% in 2011. The corresponding figures for the whole county as well as the country did not decrease during the same period. The sustainability of the intervention has to be followed and thus measures should be followed prospectively over time. The SiCET instrument was found useful and might be applicable in other arenas where children’s ETS exposure is discussed. The development of an instant cotinine test using dipsticks would make it possible to give parents immediate feedback on the effectiveness of taken protective actions. This could work as a pedagogic resource in the dialogue with parents.

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Orr, Neil John. "Patterns of care for diabetes: risk factors for vision-threatening retinopathy." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1421.

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Master of Public Health
OBJECTIVES: In Australia, diabetes causes significant morbidity and mortality. Whilst the need to prevent diabetes and its complications has been widely recognised, the capacity of health care systems - which organise diabetes care - to facilitate prevention has not been fully established. METHODS: A series of seven population-based case-control studies were used to examine the effectiveness of the Australian health care system and its capacity to manage diabetes. Six of the studies compared the patterns of care of patients who had developed advanced diabetes complications in 2000 (cases), to similar patients who remained free of the condition (controls) across Australia and for various risk groups. A secondary study investigated the role of treating GPs in the development of the outcome. RESULTS: A strong relationship between the patterns of care and the development of advanced diabetes complications was found and is described in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, this same relationship was investigated for each Australian state and territory, and similar findings were made. The study in Chapter 6 investigated whether late diagnosis or the patterns of care was the stronger risk factor for advanced diabetes complications, finding that the greatest risk was associated with the latter. In Chapter 7 the influence of medical care during the pre-diagnosis period was explored, and a strong relationship between care obtained in this period and the development of advanced complications was found. In Chapter 8, which investigated the role of socio-economic status in the development of advanced complications, found that the risk of advanced diabetes complications was higher in low socio-economic groups. Chapter 9 investigated geographic isolation and the development of advanced diabetes complications and found that the risk of advanced complications was higher in geographically isolated populations. Finally, Chapter 10, which utilised a provider database, found that some GP characteristics were associated with the development of advanced diabetes complications in patients. CONCLUSION: A number of major risk factors for the development of advanced complications in Australia was found. These related to poorer diabetes management, later diagnosis, low socioeconomic status and geographic isolation. Strategies must be devised to promote effective diabetes management and the early diagnosis of diabetes across the Australian population.

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Pack, Robert P., and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Prescription Drug Abuse in Appalachia and ETSU’s Process & Vision." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1434.

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gupta, Devansh. "Smart-Scooter Rider Assistance System using Internet of Wearable Things and Computer Vision." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619611136736967.

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Ayed, Ines. "Interactive therapeutic systems for fallprevention using computervision technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671219.

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[spa] . Introducción En los últimos años, las tecnologías basadas en la visión han ganado mucho interés entre los investigadores y los profesionales de la salud. Por ejemplo, el uso de dispositivos interactivos y de bajo coste como Microsoft Kinect se ha hecho cada vez más popular en contextos de rehabilitación y terapia física. Gran parte de este interés se ha dirigido a la población de edad avanzada, ya que son más propensos a perder el equilibrio y caer, lo que a su vez provoca grandes costes sociales y de salud. Sin embargo, el uso de estas tecnologías sin una validación previa puede no considerarse seguro y efectivo para estas personas, ya que la mayoría de las aplicaciones disponibles en el mercado no están diseñadas ellas. Por lo tanto, esta tesis pretende proponer y validar sistemas interactivos que usan tecnologías basadas en la visión para mejorar el equilibrio y prevenir caídas entre las personas mayores. . Contenido de la investigación Al principio, realizamos una extensa revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre juegos serios y sistemas de realidad virtual basados en la visión y utilizados para la rehabilitación motora. La búsqueda se basa en las pautas de Kitchenham y responde a preguntas de investigación bien definidas para cubrir adecuadamente las características principales de este campo. Como resultado, proporcionamos las principales cifras, tendencias, tecnologías y participantes, entre otros detalles que los investigadores han abordado. Adicionalmente, proponemos una metodología de investigación para asistir a los ingenieros en el diseño y la presentación de sus estudios clínicos ya que estos aspectos no se han tenido en cuenta en muchos estudios de investigación. A continuación, diseñamos y desarrollamos un conjunto de prototipos de juegos para la rehabilitación del equilibrio. Para lograrlo, seguimos características de diseño específicas que se ocupan del desarrollo de juegos serios para la rehabilitación. Además, colaboramos estrechamente con fisioterapeutas a lo largo de nuestro proceso de trabajo con respecto a la naturaleza multidisciplinaria de este campo. Para evaluar objetivamente la viabilidad y la eficacia de nuestros juegos, realizamos un estudio de un caso en el que dos mujeres mayores se someten a un programa de intervención de 5 semanas en una casa de ancianos en Túnez. Los resultados son prometedores, lo que sugiere que la rehabilitación basada en juegos serios puede ser útil para mejorar el equilibrio en personas mayores y puede incorporarse a un programa de prevención de caídas. Finalmente, desarrollamos un sistema para medir la prueba de alcance funcional (FRT); una de las herramientas clínicas más utilizadas para evaluar el equilibrio en adultos mayores. De hecho, se recomienda evaluar las capacidades del usuario o medir los resultados de una terapia utilizando pruebas clínicas confiables para seleccionar o adaptar adecuadamente una terapia. Para ello, realizamos dos experimentos para validar el uso del dispositivo Microsoft Kinect para medir el FRT. Comparamos las medidas de FRT calculadas por nuestro sistema utilizando Kinect con las obtenidas por el método estándar, es decir, manualmente. Los resultados preliminares sugieren que Microsoft Kinect es confiable y adecuado para calcular esta prueba de equilibrio. . Conclusión En conclusión, los resultados de esta tesis sugieren que las tecnologías de visión por computador se pueden utilizar en la prevención de caídas y la mejora del equilibrio de las personas mayores. Sin embargo, se deben investigar sus efectos a largo plazo para garantizar un despliegue seguro y efectivo de estas tecnologías. Finalmente, vale la pena señalar que el sensor Kinect ha sido descontinuado, pero la tecnología en sí todavía existe en otros productos comerciales. Los algoritmos y aplicaciones desarrollados con Kinect siguen siendo efectivos y válidos, ya que los nuevos dispositivos siguen apareciendo en el mercado y reemplazando a los antiguos.
[eng] . Introduction In late years, vision-based technologies gained much interest among researchers and health- care practitioners. For instance, the use of low cost and interactive devices such as Microsoft Kinect became increasingly popular in rehabilitation and physical therapy contexts. Much of this interest has been directed toward elderly population since they are more prone to loss of balance and falls that induce in its turn substantial social and healthcare costs. However, the use of these technologies without previous validation may not be considered safe and effective for this particular category since most of the applications in the market are not primarily designed for them. Therefore, this thesis aims to propose and validate interactive systems based on vision- based technologies for improving balance and preventing falls among elderly people. . Research content At the beginning, we conduct an extensive systematic literature review about vision-based serious games and virtual reality systems used for motor rehabilitation. The search is based on Kitchenham guidelines and answers defined research questions in an effort to properly cover the main features of this field. As a result, we provide the main figures, trends, technologies, and target groups, among other details addressed by researchers. Additionally, we propose a research methodology to assist engineers in the design and report of their clinical studies since these aspects were disregarded in many research studies. Next, we design and develop a set of prototype games for balance rehabilitation. To achieve that, we follow specific framework and design features that deal with the development of serious games for rehabilitation. Moreover, we closely collaborate with physiotherapists along our work process regarding the multidisciplinary nature of this field. To objectively evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our games, we conduct a case study where two older women undergo a 5-week intervention program in a Tunisian elderly house. Results are promising suggesting that game-based rehabilitation can be useful for improving balance in elderly people and can be incorporated in a fall prevention program. At the end, we develop a system for measuring the Functional Reach Test (FRT); one of the most used clinical tools to assess the balance of older adults. In fact, it is recommended to assess the capabilities of the user or measure the outcomes of a therapy using reliable clinical tests to properly select or adapt a therapy. For that purpose, we conduct two experiments to validate the use of Microsoft Kinect for measuring the FRT. We compare the FRT measures computed by our system using Kinect with those obtained by the standard method i.e. manually. Findings suggest that Microsoft Kinect is reliable and adequate to calculate this balance test.

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Shirazi, Nejad Yegane, and Jessica Nilsson. "Kontaktfamiljsinsatsen : Unga vuxnas upplevelser av insatsen kontaktfamilj som barn." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77596.

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The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse a group of young adults’ childhood experiences of the intervention "contact family". The used methods were qualitative interviews and a standardised formulary with life questions, to strengthen the interviews and to compare data. The theoretical frame was taken from Bronfenbrenner’s child development theory and Antonovsky’s salutogenic perspective, which we supplemented with Hilchen Sommerschild’s theory about the "conditions of control". The results showed that all of the interviewed clients were positive to the intervention. They got to do things with their contact families that they did not do at home – the opportunity to an environmental change, the feeling of appreciation and a better every-day life with new perspectives. Some felt that it was negative that their contact families lived on the country side, that the contact family itself had problems of their own, and that it was hard to adapt to the new roles of the family. The conclusion was that the intervention of the contact families mainly was positive and seemed to be significant for the clients.

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Ravanini, Solange Gagheggi 1956. "Triagem do comportamento visual de lactentes nos três primeiros mese de vida = medida de promoção à saúde ocular." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310944.

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Orientadores: Maria Francisca Colella dos Santos, Maria de Lurdes Zanolli
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: Analisar o desenvolvimento visual de lactentes, por meio da identificação dos comportamentos visuais mais freqüentes nos três primeiros meses de vida e identificar qual o mês mais favorável para realização da triagem visual. Método: Estudo analítico, seccional, realizado no CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP, com lactentes saudáveis, nos três primeiros meses de vida. O instrumento utilizado foi o Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo modelo loglinear para associações entre o sexo, faixa etária e as respostas dos lactentes em cada prova. Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi de 1073 lactentes (50,1% meninos e 49,9% meninas), sendo no primeiro mês 688 lactentes, no segundo mês 229 e no terceiro mês 156. Verificou-se diferença significante entre a freqüência das respostas dos lactentes e a faixa etária nas provas P3 (sorriso social), P5 (seguimento visual vertical), P7 (exploração visual da mão), P8 (movimentos dos membros ao visualizar objeto) e P9 (estender o braço na direção do objeto visualizado). Na P5 verificou-se freqüência de respostas positivas acima de 95% a partir do segundo mês. Não houve diferença significante nas provas P1-contato de olho, P2- fixação visual, P4- seguimento visual horizontal e P6- observação visual do ambiente. Estas provas apresentaram freqüência superior a 99% já no primeiro mês. A P9 foi significante quando comparada ao sexo. A comparação do sucesso das respostas dos lactentes na aplicação do instrumento de triagem com os meses foi significante entre o primeiro e segundo e entre primeiro e terceiro meses. Conclusão: A triagem do comportamento visual de lactentes deve ser realizada entre o segundo e terceiro meses de vida, pelas provas: P1, P2, P4, P5 e P6, como ação de promoção da saúde ocular e detecção precoce de alterações visuais
Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the visual development of infants, by identifying the most frequent visual behaviors in the first three months and to identify the most favorable month for carrying out visual screening. Method: Sectional analytic study, carried out at CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP, with healthy infants, during their first trimester. The instrument used was the Assessment Method of Infant Visual Behavior. Statistical analysis was carried out using the log-linear model of association between sex, age and infant responses to each test. Results: The study sample was made up of 1073 infants(of which 50,1% were boys and 49,9% girls), with 688 first month infants, 229 second month infants and 156 third month infants. The results showed a significant difference among frequency of infant responses and age for the following tests: T3 (social smile), T5 (vertical visual tracking), T7 (visual exploration of hands), T8 (arm and leg movements when looking at object) and T9 (arm extension towards the object being visualized). For T5, the frequency of positive answers was more than 95% after the second month. There was no significant difference for tests T1 - eye contact, T2 - visual fixation, T4 - horizontal visual tracking and T6 - visual observation of environment. These tests presented frequency higher than 99% already at the first month. T9 was significant when compared to sex. Comparison of the success of newborn infants for the application of the screening instrument monthly was significant between the first and second months and between the first and third months. Conclusion: Screening of visual behavior of infants should be carried out between the second and third months of life using the tests: T1, T2, T4, T5 and T6, as an action for ocular health promotion and early detection of visual alterations
Doutorado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

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Martini, Giovana 1979. "Uso do teste Lea Gratings para avaliação da acuidade visual de resolução de grades em lactentes normais." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313679.

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Orientadores: Abimael Aranha Netto, André Moreno Morcillo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: Determinar o desenvolvimento da acuidade visual de grades binocular e monocular, mensuradas com o Lea Gratings, prover uma base idade-dependente por esta técnica em uma coorte de crianças saudáveis e comparar os resultados obtidos por este teste com os obtidos com os Cartões de Acuidade de Teller. Método: Tratou-se de estudo prospectivo e longitudinal, descritivo e analítico, da acuidade visual de resolução de grades de um grupo de lactentes, nos três primeiros meses de vida e no período entre 12 e 24 meses. Considerou-se, como critérios de inclusão, lactentes que foram nascidos a termo e adequados para a idade gestacional, com um mês de idade cronológica e residentes na região metropolitana de Campinas, que apresentaram o Reflexo Vermelho presente ao nascimento. A acuidade visual de resolução de grades foi mensurada por meio do teste Lea Gratings, mês a mês, e, a partir dos 12 meses, também por meio dos Cartões de Acuidade de Teller, quando foram descartadas alterações oftalmológicas nos participantes do estudo. A amostra foi constituída de 133 lactentes e a análise dos resultados foi realizada utilizando-se o Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (SPSS 16.0). Os valores de acuidade (CPD) foram apresentados em distribuição de frequência e para determinação da média e do desvio padrão, os dados foram transformados em escala de uma oitava. Para comparação da acuidade visual entre as idades foi utilizada a análise de variância para medidas repetidas e o de Wilcoxon para comparação das medidas entre os olhos para amostras relacionadas. A correlação entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois testes foi avaliada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Os valores de acuidade visual binocular foram crescentes, sendo obtida no primeiro mês a média de 0,55 cpd (±0,70), de 1,35 cpd (±0,69) no segundo mês e de 3,11 cpd (±0,54) no terceiro mês. A partir dos 12 meses, as médias dos valores de acuidade visual binocular e monocular - foram, respectivamente, de 14,41 cpd (±0,25) e de 12,03 cpd (±0,39) nas crianças com idade entre 12 e 14 meses, de 14,10 cpd (±0,27) e de 10,79 cpd (±0,42) em crianças com idade entre 15 e 18 meses e de 15,50 cpd (±0,13) e de 13,42 cpd (±0,26) em crianças com idade entre 19 e 24 meses. Os resultados da análise de variância demonstraram diferenças significativas nos valores de acuidade visual entre todas as idades. Os coeficientes de Correlação de Spearman entre os testes Lea Gratings e Cartões de Acuidade de Teller foram de 0,53505 e de 0,65175 para, respectivamente, as medidas binocular e monocular. Conclusão: O teste foi capaz de avaliar a evolução da acuidade visual no primeiro trimestre de vida e no período entre 12 a 24 meses, e permitiu o fornecimento de uma base idade-dependente por esta técnica em uma coorte de lactentes saudáveis até o período de 12 meses. A comparação entre os dois testes de acuidade visual de grades demonstrou correlação positiva
Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to determine the development of the binocular and monocular grating acuity with Lea Gratings, to established age-related norms for this method in a health children cohort and comparing the results obtained by this test with those obtained with the Teller Acuity Cards. Methods: This was a prospective and longitudinal study, descriptive and analytic, of infant grating visual acuity in the first three months of life and between the ages 12 and 24 months. The sample was composed of infants that met the following criteria: full-term infants appropriate for gestational age, with a chronological age of one month, residents in the Campinas metropolitan region, born with positive red reflex and whose parents consented to participate in this study. The grating acuity of each infant was measured three times at regular intervals, using Lea Gratings, and after 12 months, also with the Teller Acuity Cards, when a complete ophthalmologic examination was conducted to reject any visual alteration. The final sample was composed of 133 infants and the results were analyzed with the Package for Social Sciences for the Personal Computer (SPSS 16.0). The grating acuity results were stated in frequency tables and converted into a one-octave scale for statistical calculation. Repeated measure analysis of variance was applied to compare the grating acuity results among ages. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the measures between the eyes in related samples and the Spearman Correlation was applied to evaluate the results obtained with the two tests. Results: The binocular grating acuity measures were crescent. In the first month, the mean acuity was 0.55 cpd (±0.70); in the second month, the mean acuity was 1.35 cpd (±0.69) and in the third month it was 3.11 (±0.54). After 12 months, the means of binocular and monocular acuity were, respectively, 14.41 cpd (±0.25) and 12.03 cpd (±0.39) in children between ages 12 and 14 months; 14.10 cpd (±0.27) and 10.79 cpd (±0.42) in children between ages 15 and 18 months; 15.50 cpd (±0.13) and 13.42 cpd (±0.26) in children between ages 19 and 24 months. Analysis of variance to repeated measures indicated differences between the measures of grating acuity in all ages. The coefficient of Spearman Correlation between the tests Lea Gratings and Teller Acuity Cards was respectively 0.53505 and 0.65175 for binocular and monocular measures. Conclusions: This test was capable to assess the evolution of grating acuity in the first three months of life and between 12 and 24 months, and established age-related norms for this method in a health children cohort until 12 months age. The comparison between the two tests of grating acuity demonstrated positive correlation
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestra em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente

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Sahlén, Klas-Göran. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure : preventive home visits among healthy seniors." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-25653.

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The aim of this thesis is to contribute to existing knowledge. If the knowledge is not useful in building society it has limited value. In order to be a tool for decision-makers, Preventive Home Visits (PHVs) are described and discussed according to a realist synthesis approach. The premise of this approach is that a single trial cannot tell the whole story and that understanding theoutcome pattern is much more important than seeking regularities in results across different trials. In order to understand the o utcome pattern, the PHV strategy in Nordmaling is examined against other trials and scientific work, and also in grey literature such as reports and workingpapers. An increasing population of seniors means that resources for health and elderly care are being scrutinised in order to achieve the best possible health for the money invested. PHVs represent one strategy that attempts to promote health among independent seniors. This thesis is a multidisciplinary study aiming to gain knowledge about the effects of PHVs and to understand the mechanisms of importance when implementing this particular strategy. The point of departure is a study conducted in Nordmaling in the north of Sweden among healthy seniors aged 75 years and over. The study, conducted as a controlled trial during 2000 and 2001, showed a decrease in mortality as well as the utilisation of care, and an improvement in indicators of perceived health. Cost analyses showed significant savings for the municipality following a reduction in the use of home help. These and other savings combined with costs of the intervention were related to saved life years and used to conduct health economic analyses. Medical and social records from the primary health centre and the municipality, along with official registers provided information for modelling health economic analyses from a lifetime perspective. Results showed that the costs of PHVs were less than 10 000 Euros per gained life year, against an acceptable level of cost effectiveness of 50 000 Euros. Using a shorter time perspective, the result was even more favourable for PHVs. It was evident that the time window used in the analyses, the normative choice of including future healthcare costs or not, and how to handle the value of the seniors’ production were important factors in determining the results. Two years after the trial, in-depth interviews were conducted with 5 seniors who had experienced PHVs, in order to gain understanding of the outcome of the PHV trial in Nordmaling. Participants were selected with respect to their health and how they responded to advice given during the PHV trial. Grounded Theory was used to analyse the interviews. Seniors who used autonomous coping strategies in everyday life gained less from PHVs than other seniors. All participants could benefit from PHVs, but in order for these to be successful it was important for the home visitor to be professional and to understand how the different coping strategies of seniors worked. Taken together, the different aspects of this study raised normative questions that are discussed in this thesis. One, whether the production of seniors has any monetary value in health economic analyses conducted from a societal perspective, was addressed in a smaller diary study where 23 seniors were asked to keep a diary in order to identify everything they did over a oneweek period. It was evident that most of the respondents “produced” a lot, however the production of seniors is rarely taken into account in health economic analyses. The concept of “senior production” includes both the market value of what seniors do, as well as the value of what society can avoid doing if the seniors are independent and healthy.

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Ruas, Teresa Cristina Brito. "Avaliação do comportamento visuomotor de lactentes nascidos pré-termo durante o primeiro trimestre de vida: medida para proteção da saúde ocular." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2958.

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The primary function of vision is related to achievements in infant development. The visual behavior is known to be acquired once visual stimuli are processed by retinal cells and then transmitted to the cerebral cortex by neurovisual pathways. This neuromaturational process progresses as visual stimuli are received by the neurons and synapses are moved from one nerve cell to another, thus promoting a normal visual development. The prematurity of the infant has been described to be an important indicator of risk for morbidity during the visuomotor development. Infants likely to have visuomotor impairment during this period should thus be provided with special follow-up. In this regard, this longitudinal study aims to assess the visuomotor behavior in infants at risk for disorders during the first three months of life. The infants were recruited from the Program for Detecting Audiological Disorders in Newborns (DAANE), in the Center of Studies and Research on Rehabilitation Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto at the School of Medical Sciences of the University Estadual of Campinas (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP). The participants were evenly divided into two groups of 21 infants. The experimental group was composed of preterm infants with gestational age under 37 full weeks, and a correected age of 1 to 3 months. The control group consisted of fullterm infants with gestational age ranging from 37 full weeks to 41 weeks and 6 days, and a chronological age of 1 to 3 months. Each infant was assessed three times at regular intervals through the Method for the Assessment of Infant Visual Behavior. The data was stored in a file form for the data bank of the program Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (Versão 14). The Cochran s Q-test was applied to compare the three months (assessment) in each group, and the Yates test was used to compare the two groups in each month. The results indicated that although linearity and sequence in visuomotor achievements were similar between the two groups, the rhythm and pattern of visuomotor development were different between them. In the first two months of life, fullterm infants were shown to acquire the great majority of the oculomotor and apendicular functions in a more rapid and frequent way. These results point to the importance of correcting gestational age when assessing the visuomotor behavior of infants at risk. This study provides a material for informational and instrumental support for parents regarding the normal visual development of infants from birth to the sixth month of life. Furthermore, this study contributes towards a further understanding of the visuomotor development of preterm infants, and promotes an opportune detection of possible signs indicative of visuomotor impairment so that the infant can receive a timely diagnosis.
A função primária da visão está ligada às conquistas do desenvolvimento infantil. Sabese que o desenvolvimento do comportamento visual ocorre diante da recepção e captação dos estímulos visuais pelas células retinianas e transmissão destes para o córtex cerebral pelas vias neurológicas da visão. Este processo de maturação neurológica ocorre à medida que chegam os estímulos visuais e mais sinapses vão sendo realizadas pelas células neurais, favorecendo o desenvolvimento visual normal. A prematuridade é reconhecida como importante indicador de risco para morbidades sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e desenvolvimento visuomotor. Desta forma, um acompanhamento especial deve ser destinado aos lactentes com chances de apresentar algum comprometimento visuomotor neste período. Diante do exposto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento visuomotor de lactentes com indicador de risco para alterações no desenvolvimento, em seguimento longitudinal, durante o primeiro trimestre de vida. Os lactentes selecionados são aqueles que fazem parte do Programa de Detecção de Alterações Audiológicas em Neonatos (DAANE), no Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Reabilitação Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto , da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP). A amostra do estudo é composta por dois grupos independentes de 21 lactentes cada um. O grupo experimental é composto por lactentes pré-termo com idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas completas de gestação e com idade corrigida entre 1 e 3 meses. O grupo controle tem população equivalente, porém são lactentes a termo com idade gestacional entre 37 semanas completas e 41 semanas e 6 dias, com idade cronológica entre 1 e 3 meses. Nesta proposta, cada lactente foi avaliado três vezes, com periodicidade definida, por meio do Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes. Os dados foram armazenados nos moldes de arquivo para o banco de dados do programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (Versão 14) e receberam uma análise estatística, utilizando-se a prova Q de Cochran para comparar os três meses (avaliações) de cada grupo e o teste de Yates para comparar diretamente os dois grupos em cada mês. Os resultados das avaliações demonstraram que, apesar da linearidade e da sequência das aquisições visuomotoras serem semelhantes entre lactentes a termo e lactentes pré-termo, o ritmo e o padrão de desenvolvimento visuomotor de lactentes pré-termo diferencia-se dos lactentes a termo. A aquisição da grande maioria das funções oculomotoras e apendiculares no primeiro e segundo meses de vida ocorre de forma mais rápida e freqüente nos lactentes a termo. Frente a estes resultados, discute-se a importância da correção da idade gestacional nos processos avaliativos do comportamento visuomotor de lactentes de risco. Além disso, o presente estudo apresentou um material de suporte informacional e instrumental destinado aos pais, acerca do desenvolvimento visual normal até o sexto mês de vida. Desta forma, este estudo contribuiu para um maior conhecimento sobre o comportamento visuomotor de lactentes pré-termo, bem como possibilitou a detecção oportuna de possíveis sinais indicativos de comprometimento visuomotor e encaminhamento a serviços médicos para diagnóstico.

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Jarlsbo, Mathilde. "Ett steg mot Nollvisionen : En utvärdering av Polismyndighetens utbildningssatsning ”Akut omhändertagande av självmordsnära person”." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85024.

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Suicide is a worldwide public health issue which has substantial consequences and The World Health Organization (WHO) fears that mental illness will be the largest public health matter in 2030. About 40 times a day Swedish police intervene in suicide cases (polisen.se, 2020) and on Gotland there are both suicide attempts and fulfilled suicide beyond the national average (Public Health Agency, 2020). Since the first quarter of 2020, the education initiative Acute care of suicidal persons" (AOSP) has been conducted in line with a government assignment that the Police Authority has undertaken. This study uses semi-structured interviews to investigate and evaluate the Police Authority's educational efforts and work to prevent suicide on Gotland. Furthermore, the study examines the perceived benefit of the educational initiative AOSP and how the participants experience their self-efficacy to intervene with people who struggle with suicidal behaviour. Previous research shows that qualified and educated police officers will play a crucial role in suicide prevention (Marzano et al., 2016) and police officers' self-efficacy should be strengthened for an effective suicide prevention strategy (Osteen et. Al, 2014). It also appears that factual knowledge combined with practical training generates the best conditions for police officers to handle the encounter with suicidal persons (Isaac et al., 2009). It appears in this study that all interviewees value the education and that the consequences of the education are predominantly good as the participants feel assured in the encounter with mental illness and that in the long run they conduct a better suicide prevention. All informants describe that their self-efficacy to handle the encounter with a suicidal person has been strengthened and that the consequences from the educational initiative in the form of both manifest and latent functions have affected the suicide prevention on Gotland mainly in positive ways.

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LEFEVRE, ANNE. "Evita : un systeme de securite anti-collision pour un engin mobile utilisant une modelisation de l'environnement obtenue par apprentissage." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066478.

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Presentation du systeme evita capable d'assister automatiquement l'operateur dans la prevention de toute forme de collision, en restant independant de la commande des engins. Le teleoperateur est averti de toute forme de danger par un signal d'alarme et peut connaitre l'etat du systeme a tout moment grace a la visualisation graphique couleur 3d

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Jönsson, Linda, and Johny Allansson. "Förebyggande trafiksäkerhetsarbete inom föreningslivet : En intervjustudie bland idrottsföreningar." Thesis, Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6856.

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Nollvisionens mål är att ingen ska omkomma eller skadas allvarligt i trafiken. Varje år dör ungefär sex personer och många flera skadas i samband med idrottsresor. Att arbeta förebyggande med trafiksäkerhet hos idrottsföreningar kan vara ett sätt att bidra till en ökad trafiksäkerhet i Sverige. Syftet i denna studie var att undersöka vad idrottsföreningar uttryckte kring förebyggande trafiksäkerhetsarbete. Vilka uppfattningar som framfördes gällande trafiksäkerhetspolicy och vilka förutsättningar som fanns, samt vad som kunde förstärka trafiksäkerhetsarbetet. Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ metod i form av halvstrukturerade intervjuer hos nio olika idrottsföreningar i en kommun i Skåne. I analysen plockades de viktigaste meningsbärande enheterna ut. Dessa grupperades och fick sedan utgöra grunden för de olika kategorier som skapades. Resultatet visade på att intresset för förebyggande trafiksäkerhetsarbete generellt var lågt och att en trafiksäkerhetspolicy inte upplevdes som motiverad hos idrottsföreningarna. Det var svårt att engagera föräldrar och andra frivilliga, då arbete med frågor som inte rörde själva idrottandet inte var något som intresserade dessa. Diskussionen tar upp att brist på tid och vilja i samhället har minskat resurserna för idrottsrörelsen. Även att trafiksäkerhet inte sågs som en angelägen fråga att arbeta med. Detta på grund av att det inte fanns ett konkret problem att koppla till den arbetsinsats som krävdes. Studiens slutsatser förmedlar att intresset för denna typ av frågor inom idrottsföreningar var lågt och att ideellt arbete spelade en avgörande roll för föreningars prioriteringar. Vidare att det krävdes någon utanför föreningen för att skapa uppmärksamhet kring ämnet och att denna någon mycket väl skulle kunna vara en folkhälsopedagog.

The goal of Vision Zero is that no one is going to be killed or seriously injured in traffic. About six people dies each year and many more is getting hurt in sports- related travels. Working with the prevention of road safety in sports can be one way to contribute to increased road safety in Sweden. The aim of this study was to examine what sports thought about preventive road safety work. What were their beliefs concerning road safety policy and the conditions that existed. Further what could enhance road safety. This study was conducted with a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews in nine different sports in a municipality in southern Sweden. Within the analysis we picked out the most important meaning-bearing units. These were placed into groups and then composed for the different categories we created. Results showed that interest in the prevention of road safety work in general was low and that a road safety policy was not perceived as motivated by sports. It was difficult to involve parents and other volunteers, when work on issues not related to the sport itself was not something that interested them. The discussion addresses that lack of time and will in the community have reduced resources for the sport. Also that road safety was not seen as an important issue to work with. All this because there was not a practical problem in connecting to the effort necessary. The conclusion of this study conveyes that interest in these types of issues in sports was low and volunteers played a crucial role in the union's priorities. Furthermore, the need for someone outside the club to create attention around the topic. This person could perfectly well be a pedagogue of public health.

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Batista, Joana D'arc Lyra. "Atenção primária da saúde para prevenção da deficiência visual congênita em crianças." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1997.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Investigate the preventive process of congenital visual impairment during the prenatal care performed by the nurses in the Estratégia Saúde da Família. A transversal, descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach using primary and secondary data accomplished in the Secretaria de Saúde of Campina Grande city, Paraíba-Brazil, by the notifications of congenital syphilis from SINAN-NET and a questionnaire involving 83 nurses from the Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família (UBSF s) located in urban area of that city. The Software SPSS 13.0 was used for the data processing, and a statistical treatment making use of descriptive statistics and chi-square test. This present study gained Ethical Approval in the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa under protocol No. 161888513.7.00005187.Results: The data were collected during 2007-2012, and revealed an annual increasing with a total of 113 cases of congenital syphilis in Campina Grande city, Paraíba, Brazil. In relation to the mother s profile, through the samples of the cases identified, it is observed that 63,7% of them were 20 to 34 years old; 76,9% of them are mixed race/color; 30% had incomplete primary education; 98,2% of the notified children were less than 1 year old; 97% lived in urban area; 78,7 of the mothers underwent prenatal care; 62,8% underwent syphilis treatment improperly and 79,6¨% of the mothers did not have their partners treated. In relation to the preventive actions performed during prenatal care with (n) nurses, it is concluded that 69.9% of nurses did not perform educational activities on prevention of disabilities; 83,6 % informed about the importance of rubella immunization; 100% required serology for toxoplasmosis, 98,6% for syphilis; 57,5% underwent the mothers pregnancy syphilis treatment in their own USBF s units; 97,3% of the nurses affirmed to have treated the pregnant woman and her partner; 90,4% made reference to toxoplasmosis prevention; 64% did not guide or order the mothers to protect the children s play areas; 64,4% guided the mothers to wash their hands after touching land; 89% guided the mothers to wash fruit and vegetables before eating them; 51,2% did not guide to do cleaning in cats sanitary boxes every day; 56,2% affirmed to have guided mothers about vector control, 90,4% about drinking treated or boiled water, 72,2% about eating well-done meats and 52,1% about not to eat raw meat. In relation to the nurses actions and profiles, we observed that the majority did not present a statistically significant association, standing out the ones who have obtained association. Some nurses who did not know the guiding policy to combat congenital visual impairment were the ones who made less reference to the prevention of this disability, a result of professional unpreparedness. The results show that the prevention of congenital visual impairment is accomplished, but in an indirect and unsatisfactory way in relation to the increasing number of cases of congenital syphilis, an easily prevention, detection and treatment disease. The nurses perform most of the actions recommended in prenatal. However, they demonstrate professional unpreparedness at issue health education, especially in relation to congenital visual impairment.
Objetivou-se investigar o processo de prevenção à deficiência visual congênita durante o pré-natal realizado pelo enfermeiro inserido na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foi feito um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório com abordagem quantitativa utilizando dados primários e secundários realizado na Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Campina Grande- PB por meio das notificações de sífilis congênita no Sistema de informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN-NET) e com 83 enfermeiros das Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família situadas na zona urbana utilizando questionário. Foi utilizado um software estatístico para processamento dos dados, fazendo-se uso da estatística descritiva e do teste qui-quadrado. O presente estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob protocolo nº16188513.7.0000.5187. Os dados foram levantados no período de 2007 a 2012, sendo constatado um crescimento anual totalizando113 casos de sífilis congênita no município de Campina Grande-PB. Em relação ao perfil materno, observou-se que da amostra de casos identificadas 63,7% tinham de 20-34 anos de idade, 76,9% são da raça/cor parda, 30% possuem o ensino fundamental incompleto, 98,2% das crianças notificadas eram menores de 1 ano de idade, 97% residiam na zona urbana, 78,7% das mães realizaram pré-natal, 62,8% fizeram tratamento para sífilis de forma inadequada e 79,6% não tiveram seus parceiros tratados. Em relação às ações de prevenção realizadas no pré-natal com enfermeiros, conclui-se que 69,9% dos enfermeiros não realizam atividades educativas sobre prevenção de deficiências, 83,6% informaram sobre a importância da vacinação contra rubéola, 100% solicitaram sorologia para toxoplasmose, 98,6% para sífilis, 57,5% fizeram o tratamento da sífilis gestacional na própria unidade, 97,3% dos enfermeiros afirmam que trataram a gestante e seu parceiro, 90,4% fazem referência na consulta a toxoplasmose, 64,4% não orientam as mães a proteger áreas de recreação infantil, 64,4% orientam a lavar as mãos ao manipular a terra, 89% orientam a lavar as frutas e verduras antes de ingeri-las, 52,1% não orientam a fazer limpeza diária nas caixas sanitárias dos gatos, 56,2% afirmam orientar as mães quanto ao controle das moscas e vetores, 90,4% a ingerir apenas água tratada ou fervida, 72,2% a comer carnes sempre bem cozidas e 52,1% a não experimentar carnes cruas. Alusivo as associações feitas entre as ações e o perfil dos enfermeiros, verificou-se que a maioria não apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa, destacando-se entre as que obtiveram associação, o fato de alguns enfermeiros que não conheciam a política norteadora de combate a cegueira congênita, serem os que menos referiam em suas consultas a prevenção desta deficiência, demonstrando o despreparo profissional. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a prevenção da deficiência visual congênita é realizada, porém de forma indireta e pouco satisfatória diante o crescente número de sífilis congênita que é de fácil prevenção, detecção e tratamento. Os enfermeiros conseguem realizar a maior parte das ações que são preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde quanto ao pré-natal, porém demonstram fragilidades no quesito educação em saúde e, principalmente, em relação à deficiência em questão.

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Anand, Vijay, John G. Buckley, Andy J. Scally, and David B. Elliott. "Postural stability changes in the elderly with cataract simulation and refractive blur." Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4137.

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PURPOSE. To determine the influence of cataractous and refractive blur on postural stability and limb-load asymmetry (LLA) and to establish how postural stability changes with the spatial frequency and contrast of the visual stimulus. METHODS. Thirteen elderly subjects (mean age, 70.76 ± 4.14 [SD] years) with no history of falls and normal vision were recruited. Postural stability was determined as the root mean square [RMS] of the center of pressure (COP) signal in the anterior¿posterior (A-P) and medial¿lateral directions and LLA was determined as the ratio of the average body weight placed on the more-loaded limb to the less-loaded limb, recorded during a 30-second period. Data were collected under normal standing conditions and with somatosensory system input disrupted. Measurements were repeated with four visual targets with high (8 cyc/deg) or low (2 cyc/deg) spatial frequency and high (Weber contrast, 95%) or low (Weber contrast, 25%) contrast. Postural stability was measured under conditions of binocular refractive blur of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 D and with cataract simulation. The data were analyzed in a population-averaged linear model. RESULTS. The cataract simulation caused significant increases in postural instability equivalent to that caused by 8-D blur conditions, and its effect was greater when the input from the somatosensory system was disrupted. High spatial frequency targets increased postural instability. Refractive blur, cataract simulation, or eye closure had no effect on LLA. CONCLUSIONS. Findings indicate that cataractous and refractive blur increase postural instability, and show why the elderly, many of whom have poor vision along with musculoskeletal and central nervous system degeneration, are at greater risk of falling. Findings also highlight that changes in contrast sensitivity rather than resolution changes are responsible for increasing postural instability. Providing low spatial frequency information in certain environments may be useful in maintaining postural stability. Correcting visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive error and cataracts could be a useful intervention strategy to help prevent falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly.

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Rossum, Henricus Johannes Leonardus van. "Effects of preventive home visits to the elderly." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6220.

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lamminsaari, Tero. "Uppsökande verksamhet i Osby kommun ur äldre personers perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15299.

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Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva äldres upplevelser och erfarenheter av uppsökande verksamhet i Osby kommun. Förebyggande hälsoinsatser för äldre bedrivs i Sverige med olika benämningar. I Osby kommun bedrivs de med benämning uppsökande versamhet. Uppsökande verksamhet med förebyggande insatser och råd kan stärka äldres egenvård och skjuta upp funktionsnedsättning samt förbättra den äldre personens välbefinnande och livskvalitet. Ur samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv kan uppsökande verksamhet också minska kostnader för vård och omsorg på sikt. Metoden är en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning med öppna frågor. Studie genomfördes under Juni- November år 2015 och tio äldre personer intervjuades. Av dessa var det fem kvinnor och fem män. Intervjuerna analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans kvalitativa innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom två kategorier och sju subkategorier. Essenserna som hittades från intervjuerna var: förväntningar, tillit i mötet, attityder till förändring, information, utförarens kompetens och personlighet, vikten av relation och kreativitet. Resultatet visar tydligt att äldre upplever arbetet med uppsökande verksamhet värdefullt och vill se detta arbete fortsätta. Denna studie ger utan tvekan stöd att utföra uppsökande verksamhet och uppsökande verksamhet kan ses som en redskap för de äldre att skapa bra förutsättningar att bevara hälsan och ger möjlighet till ett aktivt och självständigt liv.
The purpose of this study was to describe elderly persons experiences of preventive home visits in the Osby municipality. Preventive home visits with preventive actions might help elderly `s self-care abilities and postpone the effects of ageing and disability, in order to give elderly better well-being and good quality of life. This qualitative study and data was collected by qualitative interviews using open queries. The respondents were ten elderly persons (five females and five males). Interviews were carried out during June to November 2015. The material was analysed using Qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman. The analysis resulted in two categories and seven subcategories. In summary the subcategories were: expectations, confidence in the meet, attitudes on change, information, providers competence and personality, importance of relationship and creativity. The results of the study clearly indicates that the preventive home visits are appreciated and valuable to the elderly. All respondents claimed that the visit was a positive event in their lives and want to see it continue in the future. This study gives evidence to carry out the preventive home visits. The preventive visits gives elderly better conditions for maintaining a healthy and satisfactory ageing and independent life.

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Benson, Ashley Lynn. "Childhood Obesity: Developing Early Nutrition & Feeding Education for Parents at Well Child Visits." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31863.

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Childhood obesity is an extensive problem in the United States and North Dakota (CDC, 2014). Significant health consequences are linked to obesity, including type two diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and psychological disorders (Pandita et al., 2016; Xu & Mishra, 2018). Obesity comorbidities, previously presented in later adulthood, now emerge in younger populations (Pandita et al., 2016). Unfortunately, treatment of obesity is not effective, and therefore, prevention must be the primary focus (Daniels et al., 2015; Pandita et al., 2016). Diet and eating behaviors have a significant impact on weight, and children develop taste preferences and lifelong eating behaviors within the first few years of life (Birch & Anzman, 2010; Daniels et al., 2015; IOM, 2011). Therefore, targeting interventions on feeding and nutrition in infancy may foster healthy habits for life and play a role in the prevention of obesity. Responsive feeding interventions hold promise in supporting healthy growth. Ellyn Satter’s Division of Responsibility promotes the responsive feeding relationship between parent and child. The purpose of the practice improvement project was to address childhood obesity prevention through the development of an educational curriculum on feeding and nutrition. The parent-focused education correlated with each well child visit (WCV) between the ages of two weeks and three years. A multidisciplinary team of representatives from pediatrics, behavioral health, and patient education was consulted to develop the education. Ten providers at Midwestern primary care clinics reviewed the educational curriculum and provided feedback on the content and methods to deliver the education to parents. Most providers found the content to be accurate (n = 7; 70%) and comprehensive (n = 8; 80%). Three providers suggested expanding on topics such as breastfeeding and mixing formula. Providers unanimously agreed that the curriculum is relevant and understandable. A formal literacy evaluation resulted in grade-level readability scores between the 6th and 8th-grade levels. Almost all providers (n = 9) believed the curriculum would be valuable for use in practice. The preferred delivery method chosen was one on one provider to parent education. The project clinic plans to pilot the curriculum with parents attending infant and toddler WCVs.

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Kalm-Stephens, Pia, and Maria Engström. "Bedömning av compliance i en interventionsstudie mot barnfetma : Granskningar av matdagböcker och målformuleringar i Primroseprojektet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155412.

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Bakgrund: Prevalensen av övervikt och fetma hos barn har ökat över hela världen de senaste årtionden. Primroseprojektet är ett forskningsprojekt som studerar möjligheten att förebygga barnfetma genom föräldrasamtal på barnavårdscentralen (BVC). Sjuksköterskans compliance till den interventionsmanual som används förväntas vara viktigt för resultatet. Syfte: Att inom ramen för Primroseprojektet bedöma hur föräldrar och BVC sjuksköterskor, i samband med att barnet genomgår hälsoundersökning vid tolv månaders ålder på barnavårdscentralen, följt Primrosemanualens instruktioner. Metod : Matdagbok och målformuleringsblad granskades utifrån om de var ifyllda enligt manualens instruktioner . Målformuleringsbladet poängsattes också utifrån den detaljnivå målen var formulerade. Resultat: Nästan 75 procent av de inkomna matdagböckerna var ifyllda på ett korrekt sätt. Resultatet av poängbedömningen av målformuleringsbladen visade att sjuksköterskan tillsammans med föräldern inte hade formulerat detaljerade mål i den omfattning som var önskvärd. Slutsats: Instruktionerna för hur matdagböckerna skulle fyllas i var tydliga. Den låga graden av detaljerade mål tror författarna beror på en bristande överensstämmelse mellan hur instruktionerna till sjuksköterskan var formulerade och de kriterier som skulle vara uppfyllda för att få poäng.
Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased worldwide during the last few decades. The Primrose project studies the potential to prevent child obesity by parental consultation at a child health centre. It is critical that the health visitor complies with the instruction manual for any intervention. Aim : Within the framework of the Primrose project, evaluate to what extent health visitors and parents have followed the instructions in the Primrose manual, during a health control at the age of twelve months. Method: The food diary and the goal formulation sheet were studied in order to evaluate whether they had been completed according to the manual. The latter was graded using a recommended point system related to the level of detail the goals were formulated. Result: Nearly 75% of the food diaries were completed in a correct manner. The evaluation of the points derived from the goal formulation sheets indicates that the health visitor, together with the parents, had not been able to formulate the goals in sufficient detail. Conclusion: The instructions for the completion of the food diaries are clear. The authors consider that the unsatisfactory result with the level of detail the goals were formulated is caused by the lack of agreement between the way the instructions were presented and the demands of the criteria that steer the point system.

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Stout, Jenna Rae. "Evaluating an Evidence-Based Prevention Program Delivered by Primary-Care Providers and In-Home Nurse Visits: The Period of Purple Crying, an Abusive Head-Trauma Prevention Program." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27265.

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Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is an abusive head injury where an infant is submitted to severe, repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces with or without blunt impact to the head (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Thirteen to thirty percent of infants diagnosed with abusive head trauma die as a result of their injuries (Dart, 2009). Fifty to ninety percent of survivors are left with varying degrees of disabilities (Reece, 2008). The purpose of the dissertation was to increase knowledge about SBS and to help prevent future occurrences. A family medicine clinic in rural North Dakota and the Nurse Family Partnership of Cass County, ND, participated in the project. The Period of PURPLE Crying, an SBS prevention campaign, was utilized to educate infant caregivers, as well as the registered nurses and family nurse practitioners delivering the education. The program utilizes a 10-minute DVD and a pamphlet to deliver the education. The acronym PURPLE describes the normal characteristics of infant crying. The education stresses how frustrating infant crying can be. The caregivers learn ways to console an infant, ways for the caregiver to stay calm, and how dangerous it is to shake an infant. The targets of the evaluation were infant caregivers and the healthcare providers implementing the education. Pre-surveys utilizing a Likert scale and four short-listing questions assessed infant caregivers' knowledge and beliefs about SBS. A post-survey utilizing the same questions was then used to assess any changes in knowledge and beliefs about SBS. The infant caregivers also showed an understanding about how dangerous shaking can be. The healthcare providers' knowledge and current practices for educating about SBS were evaluated with a free-response pre-survey. After three months of project implementation, a post-survey assessed what the providers had learned and how they felt about the educational tool, again utilizing free-response questions. The majority of the healthcare providers' feedback was positive in relation to their experience implementing the program. Increased knowledge about normal infant crying patterns among both the infant caregivers and the healthcare providers resulted upon intervention completion. The Period of PURPLE Crying is a sound curriculum to provide SBS prevention education.

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Moltó, Orts Mª Teresa. "Movilidad de colecciones y exposicones temporales de bienes culturales. Una visión protocolaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/61391.

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[EN] This Doctoral Thesis is based on the establishing of protocols and processes of action in order to carry out the movement of a collection for temporary exhibitions, evaluating the risks associated with handling all the time. The main line of research has been the study of documentation sources with reference to national, regional and European legislation patrimonial, on issues concerning the mobility of collections, as well as analyzing their compliance and implementation in the context of the transfer of property cultural. In parallel, the research of a safety study on the mobility of collections has been conducted, considering both preventive conservation of heritage properties and transportation safety. In this research it has been fundamental to study real cases regarding the movement of a collection, noting the importance of management and procedures required to transfer cultural property. The information obtained has been the result of both bibliography compilation and interviews with cultural institutions, museums and specialized transport companies in the movement of cultural assets, with professionals who manage the collections and temporary exhibitions providing valuable data and testimonies for this research. The study shows us an objective view of the management of temporary exhibitions, being an excellent way to promote cultural exchange without losing sight of security which must be imposed throughout the entire process and the enhancement of improvements in order to facilitate the transfer of works art.
[ES] La presente Tesis Doctoral se fundamenta en establecer los protocolos y procesos de actuación a la hora de llevar a cabo el movimiento de una colección destinada a exposiciones temporales, valorando en todo momento los riesgos inherentes a su manipulación. El eje principal de la investigación ha sido el estudio de las fuentes documentales con referencia a la legislación vigente patrimonial nacional, autonómica y europea, en los temas concernientes a la movilidad de colecciones, analizando su cumplimiento y aplicación en el contexto del traslado de un bien cultural. Paralelamente se ha llevado a cabo la investigación del estudio de la seguridad en la movilidad de colecciones, considerando la importancia de la conservación preventiva de los bienes patrimoniales y contemplando la seguridad en los trayectos. En la presente investigación ha sido fundamental el estudio de casos reales con respecto al movimiento de una colección, señalando la importancia de la gestión y de los trámites necesarios para trasladar los bienes culturales. La información obtenida ha sido el resultado tanto de la recopilación bibliográfica como de las entrevistas con instituciones culturales, museos y empresas de transporte especializadas en el movimiento de bienes culturales, con los profesionales encargados de gestionar las colecciones o exposiciones temporales proporcionando datos y testimonios muy valiosos para esta investigación. El estudio nos muestra una visión objetiva de la gestión de exposiciones temporales, siendo un medio óptimo para favorecer el intercambio cultural sin perder de vista la seguridad que debe imponerse en todo el proceso y la puesta en valor de mejoras que faciliten los traslados de obras de arte.
[CAT] La present Tesi Doctoral es fonamenta a establir els protocols i processos d'actuació a l'hora de dur a terme el moviment d'una col·lecció destinada a exposicions temporals, valorant en tot moment els riscos inherents a la seua manipulació. L'eix principal de la investigació ha sigut l'estudi de les fonts documentals amb referència a la legislació vigent patrimonial nacional, autonòmica i europea, en els temes concernents a la mobilitat de col·leccions, analitzant el seu compliment i aplicació en el context del trasllat d'un bé cultural. Paral·lelament s'ha dut a terme la investigació de l'estudi de la seguretat en la mobilitat de col·leccions, considerant la importància de la conservació preventiva dels béns patrimonials i contemplant la seguretat en els trajectes. En la present investigació ha sigut fonamental l'estudi de casos reals respecte al moviment d'una col·lecció, assenyalant la importància de la gestió i dels tràmits necessaris per a traslladar els béns culturals. La informació obtinguda ha sigut el resultat tant de la recopilació bibliogràfica com de les entrevistes amb institucions culturals, museus i empreses de transport especialitzades en el moviment de béns culturals, amb els professionals encarregats de gestionar les col·leccions o exposicions temporals proporcionant dades i testimonis molt valuosos per a esta investigació. L'estudi ens mostra una visió objectiva de la gestió d'exposicions temporals, sent un mitjà òptim per a afavorir l'intercanvi cultural sense perdre de vista la seguretat que ha d'imposar-se en tot el procés i la posada en valor de millores que faciliten els trasllats d'obres d'art.
Moltó Orts, MT. (2016). Movilidad de colecciones y exposicones temporales de bienes culturales. Una visión protocolaria [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61391
TESIS

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Haddad, Maria Aparecida Onuki. "Habilitação e reabilitação visual de escolares com baixa visão: aspectos médico-sociais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5149/tde-23112006-133322/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A baixa visão na infância pode limitar as experiências de vida, a velocidade de realização de tarefas, o desenvolvimento motor, as habilidades, a educação e o desenvolvimento emocional e social, com comprometimento da qualidade de vida. O conhecimento de aspectos médico-sociais colaboram para a elaboração de ações efetivas para a reabilitação visual e a inclusão educacional. OBJETIVOS: 1)Identificar aspectos clínicos referentes a população com baixa visão em idade escolar atendida no Serviço de Visão Subnormal da Clínica Oftalmológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e da Associação Brasileira de Assistência ao Deficiente Visual, com relação a causa da baixa visão, localização da anormalidade, classes de comprometimento visual, função visual atual, prescrição óptica para correção de ametropias e para auxílios para baixa visão; necessidades reabilitacionais; 2) Verificar percepção de mães ou responsáveis quanto a detecção da deficiência visual, encaminhamentos e condutas realizados por profissionais da área médica, acesso a serviços de atenção oftalmológica especializada à baixa visão, acesso a auxílios ópticos prescritos para baixa visão; 3) fornecer subsídios para desenvolvimento de ações para habilitação/reabilitação da baixa visão na infância. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal analítico, tendo sido estudadas a população de 115 escolares com baixa visão, sem outras deficiências associadas e a população de mães ou responsáveis pelos escolares, detectados no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2005. Realizou-se a avaliação oftalmológica dos escolares e aplicou-se questionário semi-estruturado às mães ou responsáveis. RESULTADOS: As principais causas da deficiência visual foram a retinocoroidite macular bilateral por toxoplasmose congênita (27,8%), a catarata congênita (11,3%), o albinismo oculocutâneo (7,8%) e o glaucoma congênito (6,1%); a retina foi a principal localização da afecção ocular causadora da deficiência visual (54,8%); as principais etiologias foram hereditárias (36,5%) e pré-natais infecciosas (32,1%); as classes de deficiência visual moderada(67,8%) e grave (27,0%) foram mais freqüentes;a correção óptica da ametropia foi prescrita para todos os casos de retinocoroidite macular bilateral, de amaurose congênita de Leber e de albinismo oculocutâneo; os auxílios ópticos para longe (87,8%) foram mais prescritos que os auxílios ópticos para perto (34,7%); a mãe foi a pessoa que percebeu primeiro a dificuldade visual em 53,0%; a escola foi importante na detecção de problemas visuais nos escolares com baixa visão (6,1%); o pediatra mostrou-se despreparado para a detecção de problemas visuais, tratamentos, orientação à família e encaminhamentos; diagnosticou-se a baixa visão no primeiro ano de vida em 83,0% dos casos; o encaminhamento a serviços de reabilitação visual foi realizado tardiamente ao diagnóstico e ocorreu principalmente na idade escolar (53,9%); o principal responsável pelo encaminhamento a serviços de reabilitação foi o oftalmologista(60%); a menor parte dos escolares havia sido atendida por outro serviço de reabilitação (23,0%); apesar da existência de outros serviços terciários de reabilitação visual na cidade de São Paulo, 67,0% dos responsáveis não tinha conhecimento dos mesmos. CONCLUSÕES: Verifica-se necessidade de: programas de detecção precoce de problemas visuais na infância, por meio de capacitação de pediatras em saúde ocular; programas de detecção de problemas oculares na idade escolar, em parceria com serviços de saúde e educação, como a Campanha Olho no Olho; capacitação de professores do sistema regular de ensino, quanto à saúde ocular e aspectos da baixa visão; maior acesso a auxílios ópticos prescritos à pessoa com baixa visão;educação continuada de oftalmologistas para atuação na área da baixa visão e maior divulgação das implicações da baixa visão na infância e na vida adulta e dos serviços disponíveis na comunidade.
INTRODUCTION: Low vision in childhood can limit experiences, speed in performing daily activities, sensory and motor development, educational, social and emotional improvement and compromise quality of life. Knowledge of medical and social features can cooperate to the development of effective actions to educational inclusion and visual rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: 1. to identify clinical features of a population of school age children with low vision evaluated at the low vision service of the University of São Paulo Ophthalmology Department and the Brazilian Association for the Visually Impaired. (Laramara) concerning causes of low vision, anatomical site of the abnormality, classes of visual impairment, visual functions, use of optical correction, low vision devices and rehabiliattion needs. 2. to evaluate perceptions of mothers or the persons responsible concerning detection of the visual impairment, procedures of the professionals involved, access to low vision services and to the prescribed low vision aids. 3. to contribute to improve actions of habilitation or rehabilitation of visually impaired school children. METHODS: a population of 115 school children with visual impairment was submitted to ophthalmologic low vision evaluation and a semistructured questionnaire was applied to the mother or person responsible. RESULTS: main causes of visual impairment were presumed toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis(27,8%), congenital cataracts (11,3%), albinism (7,8%) and congenital glaucoma (6,1%). Retina (54,8%) was the main affected area and the main causes involved heredity (36,5%) or pre-natal infections (32,1%). Moderated (67,8%) and Severe (27,0%) low vision were more frequent. Glasses for refractive errors were prescribed to all with bilateral macular retinochoroiditis, Leber congenital amaurosis and albinism. Mothers were the first to notice visual impairment in the majority of cases (53,0%) and the school was also important (6,1%). Pediatricians were not very efficient in the detection of visual impaiment in these children. Low vision was detected in the first year of life in 83% and referral to visual rehabilitation unit ocurred chiefly at school age (53,9%), being the ophthalmologist the professional responsible for the majority of referrals(60%). These children, in general, never had a prior low vision examination (73%) and the mothers or responsibles had little knowledge of other available rehabilitation units in the area (67,0%). CONCLUSIONS: early detection programs for visual impairment in children and capacitation of pediatricians is important as well as the screening for refractive errors of children at school age. Regular school teachers should receive information on basic eye health and low vision. Improved access to low vision aids and increased awareness on the subject among ophthalmologists is a necessity as well as more information on community services and visual impairment should be available to the population.

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Palumbo, Cristin M. "Lack of Routine Preventive Care as a Determinant for Pediatric Asthma ER Visits." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/55.

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Objectives. The prevalence and incidence of asthma has been continually increasing with in the United States. High rates of hospitalization, emergency room visits (ER) and infrequent prescribing of controller medications indicates the lack or inadequacies of asthma management in the home as well as primary care programs. This study examines the impact of adequate asthma management and preventive care on asthma ER visits. Methods. Data from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was utilized. Children (N=653) under the age of 18 years and who have had asthma episode in the past year were included for this analysis. A composite variable was created to determine adequacy of care at home and in the primary care setting using standards from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.Results. The prevalence of ER visit among children who had asthma in the past 12 months was 22.7%. Approximately a quarter (24%) of the children had inadequate asthma management and preventive care. The multiple logistic regressions analysis showed that asthma management and preventive care were important determinants for asthma ER visits. Compared to children who had adequate care, children with inadequate asthma management and preventive care were two times more likely to visit the ER for asthma related problems [OR=2.06 (95%CI=1.257, 3.361)]. Child's age, maternal education, and family income were also statistically significant determinants for asthma related ER visits.Conclusions. Practices that support early interventions for asthma management and preventive care were associated with reduced risk of ER visits. Initiatives to support mandatory asthma management education and programming at primary care practices and as well as the home setting are essential in the management of pediatric asthma.

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Schaefer, Jaylene Krieg. "Child Abuse Prevention By Home Visitors: A Study of Outstanding Home Visitors Using Mixed Methods." Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2109.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2010.
Title from screen (viewed on March 3, 2010). School of Social Work, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Margaret E. Adamek, Carol Hostetter, Gail M. Folaron, Angela B. McBride. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160).

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Turner, Stephanie Hope. "Increasing the Value of Medicare Annual Wellness Visits for Patients and Providers." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5953.

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The Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) has been available to Medicare beneficiaries since 2005; however, most eligible individuals have not taken advantage of this benefit. The literature supports that patients are willing to schedule and complete an AWV if urged to do so by their primary care provider; however, providers are reluctant to advise patients to pursue the AWV due to the lack of perceived value and overall health benefit. The integrative theory of health behavior change was used as the theoretical framework for the project. By increasing patient self-management skills through education, engagement, and support, the project was designed to create a positive impact on the overall health of individuals eligible for the AWV, as demonstrated by evidence of a long-term decrease in chronic conditions and related complications. A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the number of preventive care measures completed in 2 patient populations: -¬those with a completed AWV in 2017, and those without a completed AWV in 2017. The number of completed preventive screenings for colon cancer, breast cancer, fall risk, and depression was as much as 41.6% higher among patients that had completed an AWV. The project's findings will be used to educate providers and patients about the usefulness of Medicare AWVs. Finally, the project findings support positive social change through enhanced patient activation in preventive health strategies.

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Isringhausen, Kim T. "Toothbrushing, Flossing, and Preventive Dental Visits by Richmond-Area Residents in Relation to Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1418.

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Purpose. This study was conducted to identify factors that influence preventive dental behaviors and, from the results, target groups for intervention.Methods. Data were collected using the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) resulting in a probability sample of 399 dentate adults living in Richmond City, Henrico, Chesterfield and Hanover Counties in Virginia. All analyses were performed using the statistical software program STATA. Initial hypothesis testing was performed using univariate logistic regression models. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the significance of independent variables while controlling for other possible predictors of behavior.Results. Females were more likely than males to brush and floss their teeth at the recommended frequencies (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.1; OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.1 respectively). Individuals with higher levels of education were more likely than those with lower levels of education to brush twice daily and have preventive dental visits (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.3-13.2; OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.0-14.4 respectively). There was no racial difference in the three preventive dental behaviors.Conclusions. Findings suggest that sex and education are important considerations when planning dental health interventions. In the Richmond area, less educated males are in the greatest need of education and other interventions aimed at twice-daily toothbrushing and daily flossing. Further, men and women with lower levels of education are in need of interventions for increasing the utilization of preventive dental services.

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Blondé, Cyrielle. "Le travail des préventeurs en entreprise : Contribution méthodologique à la visite de sécurité." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30045/document.

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Notre thèse s’inscrit dans la lignée d’un premier travail de recherche durant lequel nous avions mis en évidence le recours par les préventeurs à l’accommodation de certaines consignes au cours des visites de sécurité. Ce résultat a suscité de nouveaux questionnements quant aux conséquences de ce phénomène sur leur santé mais aussi sur les performances du système de management de la sécurité. Notre travail de thèse s’est ainsi centré sur la caractérisation des difficultés rencontrées par les préventeurs lors des séquences de résolution de problèmes initiées par la mise en évidence d’écarts à la prescription au cours de la visite de sécurité mais aussi sur l’identification des déterminants méthodologiques qui en sont à l’origine. Trois méthodes ont été utilisées : des relevés des traces de l’activité à l’aide de la méthode de l’agenda, des observations ouvertes de l’activité d’un échantillon préventeurs en entreprise et des observations systématiques des phases de visites de sécurité couplées à des techniques de verbalisations. Les principaux résultats de cette thèse sont que : (i) les préventeurs en entreprise ne consacrent que très peu de temps aux visites de sécurité, (ii) ce phénomène de "désertion" du terrain ne peut être uniquement expliqué par le poids des tâches administratives, (iii) le contexte temporel dans lequel sont réalisées les visites de sécurité et l’absence d’artefact support pour les échanges ne favorisent pas le développement du phénomène de synchronisation cognitive puisque tous les écarts ne sont pas levés par des solutions explicitement approuvées par l’ensemble des interlocuteurs, (iv) les préventeurs développent des stratégies de défense pour réduire les effets de ce manque de performance sur leur santé, (v) les modifications du contexte temporel et l’intégration de l’artefact vidéo facilitant les échanges permettent d’améliorer les performances en matière de résolution de problèmes et de développer dans quelques mesures la santé des préventeurs; les solutions produites sont alors plus nombreuses ou plus complexes, les échanges plus riches et les contraintes mieux gérées. Les résultats de cette thèse permettent à la fois de poursuivre la caractérisation du travail des préventeurs en entreprise, de rendre compte des effets de l’autoconfrontation sur les interviewers mais aussi de proposer une méthode de conception d’artefact basée sur l’approche instrumentale qui facilite l’appropriation
Our thesis is in line with a first research work in which we highlighted the use by OSH to accommodation of some instructions during safety inspections. This has raised new questions about the consequences of this phenomenon on the health of the OSH but also on the performance of the safety management system. Our thesis then focused on the characterization of the difficulties encountered by OSH during problem solving sequences initiated by the detection of deviations from the prescription safety during the visit, but also on identifying methodological determinants that are at the origin. Three methods were used: statement traces of the activity using the method of the agenda, open observations of the activity of a sample of OSH enterprises and systematic observations visit phases security coupled with verbalisation techniques. The main results of this thesis are: (i) OSH in companies only spend very little time for safety inspections, (ii) the phenomenon of "desertion" of the land can’t be solely explained by the weight of administrative tasks (iii) the temporal context in which are carried out safety inspections and the lack of media artifact exchanges, do not favor the development of cognitive synchronization phenomenon, since all differences are not explicitly approved by surveying the solutions of all interlocutors, (iv) OSH develop defense strategies reducing the effects of this lack of performance on their health, (v) changes in the temporal context and the integration of video artifacts facilitating trade, allows improved performance in terms of deviations lifted; the solutions produced are then more numerous and more complex, exchanges are richer and constraints are better managed. The results of this thesis allow both to continue with the characterization of the work of OHS in companies, to account for the effects of self-confrontation on interviewers but also to offer an artifact design method based on the instrumental approach which facilitates ownership

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Gimeno, Navarro Miguel Ángel. "Integración de los factores psicosociales de la salud laboral: propuesta de una visión configuracional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399175.

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La felicidad, el bienestar, el malestar y la salud son factores esenciales del ser humano. Su análisis nos muestra que vivimos en un modelo social -Globalismo capitalista de hlperconsumo- tóxico. En el ámbito de la salud laboral -desde una concepción interaccionista-sistémica· se defiende la importancia de eliminar la función precarizadora de las organizaciones y convertirlas en 'activos de salud'. Una vía para lograrlo está en los 'emergentes' factores psicosociales. Éstos han evolucionado (en cuanto a su contenido, su marco de actuación, y al sujeto de su acción). Su estudio nos permite establecer una taxonomía de Configuraciones psicosociales de las organizaciones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la acción sobre los factores psicosociales es diferente a la realizada con otros factores (higiénicos, ergonómicos, de seguridad). Las conclusiones sirven de guía para la realización de programas de prevención de riesgos y de promoción de la salud en las organizaciones; y de cambio social.
Happiness, well-being, malaise and health are essential attractions of the human being. His analysis shows that we live in a toxic social model -Globalism capitalist of hyperconsumption. In the field of occupational health -from an interactionist-systemlc view - the importance of ellminating the precarious function of organizations and making them 'health assets' is defended. One way to achieve t his is in the 'emerging' psychosocial factors. They have evolved (In terms of their content, their framework of action, and the subject of their action). Their study allows us to establish a taxonomy of Psychosocial configurations of organizations. The results show that the action on the psychosocial factors Is different from that made with other factors (hygienic, ergonomic, safety). The conclusions guide the implementation of risk prevention and health promotion programs in organizations; and social change.

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Chong, Wai-kei Simon, and 莊偉基. "The police cautioning diversion scheme: participant observation of post-caution visits in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222432.

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Oliveira, Jonathan Henrique Efigênio de. "Inspeção automatizada utilizando termografia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29989.

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Os métodos mais utilizados para manutenção e inspeção em linhas de transmissão são caros, perigosos e pouco precisos. Este trabalho propõe um método de manutenção preventiva mais eficiente, autônomo, para um trabalho rápido e que não ofereça riscos aos trabalhadores envolvidos. O método visa a utilização de um dispositivo móvel que se locomover-se-a ao longo das linhas de transmissão e fará a inspeção. Foi utilizada uma câmera infravermelha e desenvolvido um método que processa os dados gerados pela câmera para assim permitir a automatização desejada desta manutenção preventiva. Esta câmera, ao invés de formar imagens utilizando as frequências eletromagnéticas na faixa do visível, que são reetidas pelos objetos, utiliza as frequências na faixa infravermelho, que são emitidas pelo próprio objeto que está sendo inspecionado. O objetivo é encontrar regiões das linhas de transmissão com elevada temperatura e acusar a falha, se for o caso, tão logo ela tenha sido detectada pela câmera e assim sendo possível saber a localização aproximada da falha e a melhor providência a ser tomada.
The methods used for maintenance and inspection of transmission lines are expensive, dangerous and inaccurate. This work proposes a method for preventive maintenance where is more e cient, autonomous, faster and that o ers no risk to workers. The method aims to use a mobile device that travels along the transmission lines andperforms the inspection. An infrared camera is used to develop a method that processes the generated data in order to enable the automation of preventive maintenance. This camera, instead of forming images by using the electromagnetic frequencies in the visible range, which are re ected from objects, uses frequencies in the infrared, which are emitted by the object under inspected. The goal is to nd regions of transmission lines with high temperatures and detect the fault, if any, the position of the fault and determine the best action to be taken.

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Backlund, Amanda. "Främjande av folkhälsan i Sverige : Riksdagspartiernas visioner och arbete." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Folkhälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-378592.

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Bakgrund: Med en ökad medellivslängd och en minskning av förtida dödlighet betraktas hälsan som god bland befolkningen i Sverige. Det finns dock ett behov av att adressera insatser mot exempelvis psykisk ohälsa, ojämlikhet i hälsa, kostvanor och stillasittande. Regeringen har publicerat en omfattande nationell folkhälsoproposition, men det finns en kunskapslucka beträffande partiernas egna konkreta visioner och arbete inom folkhälsan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka riksdagspartiernas visioner och arbete inom olika folkhälsoområden. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ studiedesign och hade ett induktivt synsätt. Data samlades in med ett frågeformulär och sju av åtta partier svarade på frågorna. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med inspiration av Giorgis kvalitativa analys. Resultat: Resultatet visade en bredd av visioner och arbetsinsatser. Partiernas idéer och verksamhet berörde främst hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn. De vill se tydligare uppdrag, ökad tillgänglighet och fokus på förebyggande interventioner. När det gäller skolan vill de arbeta med insatser för elevhälsan, mer idrottstimmar samt sex- och samlevnadsundervisning. Därutöver vill de genomföra olika samhälliga insatser. Slutsats: Utöver partiernas visioner vill de arbeta med folkhälsa genom att bedriva folkhälsopolitik, stödja insatser, utreda och utveckla handlingsplaner samt utöka kunskapsinsatser.
Background: With an increasing life expectancy and a reduction of premature mortality, health is considered good among the Swedish population. Nevertheless, there is a need of addressed interventions against mental illness, inequality in health, eating habits and sedentary, for example. The Swedish government has published a wide-ranging national public health policy, but there is a gap in knowledge regarding the political parties concrete visions and work in the fields of public health. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate visions and work among Swedish political parties in various fields of public health. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative study design and had an inductive approach. Data was collected by a questionnaire and seven out of eight parties answered. Collected material was analyzed with inspiration from Giorgis qualitative analysis. Results: The result displayed a wide spectrum of visions and efforts. The parties ideas and efforts were mostly containing the healthcare sector. They want to see clearer commitments, accessibility and focus on preventive interventions. Regarding school they intend to focus their efforts on student health and increase the rate of sports and sex education. In addition, they want a variety of community interventions to be performed. Conclusion: Besides their visions, the political parties want to tackle public health issues by practicing politics, support interventions, research and develop policies and amplify knowledge efforts.

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Coroas, Ana Carina Magalhães. "Visita domiciliária de enfermagem como estratégia na prevenção de úlceras de pressão no idoso dependente." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1632.

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Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau Licenciada em Enfermagem
A prevenção das úlceras de pressão é uma preocupação dos profissionais de saúde que prestam cuidados ao idoso dependente em contexto domiciliário, sendo a sua prevenção um desafio para a equipa de Enfermagem. Assim sendo, pelas razões supracitadas, definiu-se como tema a abordar, “Visita domiciliária de enfermagem como estratégia na prevenção de úlcera de pressão no idoso dependente”. Para obter um estudo aprofundado acerca do tema em questão, será necessário conhecer a realidade das estratégias adoptadas pelos enfermeiros nas visitas domiciliárias como prevenção de úlceras de pressão nos idosos dependentes. O presente estudo tem com objectivo questionar os enfermeiros que prestam cuidados ao idoso dependente no domicílio, acerca das estratégias para a prevenção de úlceras de pressão, recorrendo à realização e análise de um questionário. Para este estudo de investigação o investigador baseou-se nas seguintes perguntas de partida: - Quais as intervenções para prevenção de úlcera de pressão no idoso dependente, desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro na visita domiciliária? - Qual a importância atribuída pelo enfermeiro à visita domiciliária como estratégia de prevenção de úlceras de pressão, no idoso dependente? Na elaboração deste trabalho recorreu-se à metodologia quantitativa através de um estudo descritivo simples. Como instrumento de colheita de dados utilizou-se o questionário. O processo de amostragem definida para este estudo foi a não probabilística por rede, sendo que a amostra resultou em trinta e um enfermeiros que prestam cuidados ao idoso dependente no domicílio. Após a colheita de dados é imprescindível para o estudo proceder à análise dos mesmos, estes serão tratados através do programa informático Microsoft Office Excel 2007, e posteriormente a apresentação dos resultados será através de gráficos e quadros. De encontro com objectivo principal desta investigação, é possível verificar que a maioria dos enfermeiros refere a visita domiciliária como estratégia importante na prevenção das úlceras de pressão ao doente idoso dependente. Contudo o grau de importância difere de enfermeiro para enfermeiro. Em relação aos outros objectivos propostos pode-se concluir que os enfermeiros, na sua maioria possuem conhecimentos adequados sobre úlceras de pressão e a sua prevenção.
The prevention of pressure ulcers is one of the concerns health care professionals have when providing outpatient attendance to dependent elderly patients and this prevention constitutes a challenge for nurses. In view of the reasons previously mentioned, I have decided to approach the topic “The domiciliary nursing care provision viewed as a strategy to prevent pressure ulcers in dependent elderlies”. In order to obtain a detailed study on the subject, it is necessary to know the strategies adopted by nurses in order to prevent pressure ulcers in dependent elderlies while providing domiciliary care. This study envisages to question nurses who provide elderly patients with domiciliary care about the strategies they use to prevent pressure ulcers, by having them answer a questionnaire and by analyzing the results obtained. In order to perform this study, the researcher used the following main questions: - Which techniques does a nurse put into use to prevent pressure ulcers in dependent elderlies during a domiciliary visit? - How important is the domiciliary visit as a strategy to prevent pressure ulcers in a dependent elderly? The results obtained from this research were based on the quantitative analysis of the data and on a simple descriptive study of the answers. The research instrument used to collect the data was a questionnaire. The survey process defined for this study was a non-probabilistic sampling and the target sample was a group of thirty-one nurses who provide domiciliary care to dependent elderly patients. After collecting the data, these were analyzed and processed with the help of the spreadsheet application Microsoft Office Excel 2007 ™ and will be presented in the form of graphics and tables. By analyzing the results obtained, we can conclude that most nurses consider the domiciliary visit to be an important strategy in the prevention of pressure ulcers in dependent elderly patients. However, it is noticeable that the degree of importance attributed to this strategy varies from nurse to nurse. Furthermore, this study made it possible to conclude that the majority of the nurses interviewed possess adequate knowledge about pressure ulcers and how to prevent them.

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Fernandes, Sandro Roberto. "Ferramenta de visão computacional para processos fotogramétricos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=718.

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Nesta dissertação é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para o processamento de pares de imagens estereoscópicas obtidos por câmeras aéreas métricas e não métricas. O programa foi desenvolvido na linguagem C++ e foi utilizado a biblioteca OpenGL. O resultado obtido é uma imagem tridimensional de onde pode ser extraídas cotas de altura e formas de terreno. Estas imagens poderão ser usadas no estudo de áreas de risco em encostas.
In this dissertation is presented the development of a computational tool for the processing of pairs of images estereoscópicas obtained by metric and not metric aerial cameras. The program was developed in the program language C++ and the library was used OpenGL. The result of the program is a three-dimensional image from where it can be extracted height quotas and land forms. These images can be used in the study of risk areas on slopes.

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Perazzo, Matheus de França. "Avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e visita ao dentista em pré-escolares." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/2841.

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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and visits to the dentist among five-year-old preschool children. METHODS: A school-based cross- sectional study was conducted with 769 pairs of parents/caregivers and children enrolled at public and private schools in the city of Campina Grande in northeast Brazil. Socio-demographic characteristics of the families and information on seeking dental services for the children were determined using a questionnaire administered to parents/caregivers. The children and parents/caregivers answered the respective versions of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five-Year-Old Children (SOHO-5). Parents/caregivers then answered the short version of the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13). Clinical examinations were performed by two examiners who had previously undergone a training exercise (inter-examiner Kappa: 0.80-1.00; intra- examiner Kappa: 0.82-1.00) for the evaluation of dental caries, traumatic dental injury and malocclusion. Sleep bruxism was determined based on the reports of parents/caregivers. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by Poisson regression analysis (α = 5%). RESULTS: The children had higher total SOHO-5 scores than their parents/caregivers (2.37 ± 3.35 and 1.08 ± 2.65, respectively). The following variables were significantly associated with impact on the children‟s OHRQoL in the parent/caregiver version: public preschool (PR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.32- 2.13), history of toothache (PR = 4.26; 95% CI: 2.86-6.32), cavitated lesions on anterior teeth (PR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.02-2.75) and the consequences of untreated dental caries (PR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.51-3.36). The following variables were significantly associated with impact on the child self-report version: public preschool (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01-1.86), history of toothache (PR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.26-2.00), white spot on anterior teeth (PR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.24-2.46), cavitated lesions on anterior teeth (PR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.24-2.75), occurrence of traumatic dental injury (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02-1.58) and anterior open bite (PR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01- 1.92). A total of 43.5% of the preschool children had visited a dentist at least once in their lifetimes. The following variables were significantly associated with a history of visits to the dentist: higher household income (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.51), history of toothache (PR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.34-1.89), absence of traumatic dental injury (PR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01-1.40) and a strong sense of coherence on the part of parents/caregivers (PR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42). CONCLUSION: For both the child and parent/caregiver subscales of the SOHO-5, a greater difference in mean OHRQoL scores was found among children who attended public preschools as well as those with dental caries experience and experience with the consequences of dental caries. Moreover, the aesthetic component exerted a greater impact on OHRQoL in the children‟s self-reports. Visits to the dentist were associated with a higher socioeconomic status, a history of toothache, an absence of traumatic dental injury and a strong sense of coherence among parents/caregivers.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) e visita ao dentista em pré-escolares de cinco anos de idade. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base escolar, com 769 pares de pais/responsáveis e crianças matriculadas em pré-escolas públicas e privadas de Campina Grande-PB, Brasil. As condições sociodemográficas da família e os dados sobre a procura de serviços odontológicos da criança foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário. Além disto, pais/responsáveis e crianças responderam as respectivas versões do Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five-Year-Old Children (SOHO-5), seguido da aplicação da versão reduzida do Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), apenas com os pais/responsáveis. O exame clínico foi realizado por dois examinadores previamente submetidos a um exercício de calibração (coeficiente Kappa inter- examinador: 0,80-1,00 e Kappa intra-examinador: 0,82-1,00). os quais avaliaram os seguintes agravos bucais: cárie dentária, trauma dentário, e má oclusão. O bruxismo do sono foi avaliado por meio do relato dos pais/responsáveis. Foi realizada análise descritiva, seguida de regressão de Poisson (α= 5%). RESULTADOS: As crianças apresentaram um maior escore total do SOHO-5 (2,37 + 3,35) em comparação com os pais/responsáveis (1.08 + 2,65). As seguintes variáveis causaram maior impacto na QVRSB das crianças, segundo o relato das pais/responsáveis: pré-escola pública (RP = 1,37; 95% IC: 1,01–1,86), histórico de dor de dente (RP = 4,26; 95% IC: 2,86- 6,32), lesão cavitada em dente anterior (RP = 1,68; 95% IC: 1,02-2,75) e presença de consequências da cárie não tratada (RP = 2,25; 95% IC: 1,51-3,36). Para a autorrelato da criança, as variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa foram: pré-escola pública (RP = 1,68; 95% IC: 1,32-2,13), histórico de dor de dente (RP = 1,59; 95% IC: 1,26-2,00), presença de lesão cavitada em dente anterior (RP = 1,79; 95% IC: 1,26-2,54), presença de mancha branca em dente anterior (RP = 1,75 95% IC: 1,24-2,46), traumatismo dentário (RP = 1,27; 95% IC: 1,02-1,58) e mordida aberta anterior (RP = 1,39; 95% IC: 1,01-1,92). Em relação à visita ao dentista, um total de 43,5% pré-escolares foram ao dentista pelo menos uma vez na vida. As seguintes variáveis foram significativamente associadas ao histórico de visita ao dentista dos pré-escolares: maior renda familiar (RP = 1,27; 95% IC: 1,07-1,51), histórico de dor de dente (RP = 1,59; 95% IC: 1,34-1,89), ausência de traumatismo dentário (RP = 1,18; 95% IC: 1,01-1,40) e um forte senso de coerência dos pais/responsáveis (RP = 1,19; 95% IC: 1,01-1,42). CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se observar uma maior diferença de média dos escores de QVRSB em crianças que estudavam em escolas públicas e apresentavam lesões de carie dentária e suas consequências, seja na versão dos pais/responsáveis ou das crianças. Além disso, na versão das crianças, o aspecto estético também mostrou maior impacto na QVRSB. Já a visita ao dentista, foi associada com uma melhor condição socioeconômica, histórico de dor de dente, ausência de traumatismo dentário e um senso de coerência dos pais/responsáveis forte.

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Eriksson, Marie, and Ann-Louise Sundstrand. ""Det känns skönt att någon bryr sig" : En studie om hur äldre upplever förebyggande hembesök." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5482.

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Vårt syfte med denna studie är att få ökad kunskap om och förståelse för vilka upplevelser och erfarenheter de äldre själva har fått i samband med förebyggande hembesök. Metoden vi använt oss av är en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning med halvstrukturerade frågor. Studien genomfördes under hösten 2009 och sex äldre intervjuades. Av dessa respondenter var det en man och fem kvinnor alla födda 1924.Resultatet visar tydligt att de äldre upplever att det förebyggande arbetet är mycket värdefullt för deras åldrande och vill se detta arbete fortskrida. Alla respondenter påpekade att besöket var en positiv händelse i deras liv och de fick en känsla av att någon bryr sig om dem och vet att de finns.De äldre som tackat ja till att få förebyggande hembesök påtalade att de nu vet vart de ska vända sig den dagen de är i behov av hjälp. De har med hjälp av kommunen fått information och vägledning för att klara av framtida händelser.Vår slutsats är att kommunerna med det förebyggande hembesöket som redskap hjälper de äldre att skapa bra förutsättningar för att bibehålla ett bra åldrande och fortsatt god livskvalitet.
The purpose of our study is to increase our knowledge of and understanding for how elderly may experience preventive home visits.To reach our purpose we have conducted qualitative interviews containing half structured questions. All of our respondents were born in 1924. Six interviews in total, with one male and five females were carried out in the autumn of 2009.The result of the study clearly indicates that the preventive work is appreciated and valuable to the elderly. They wish this kind of home visits to be continued. All respondents claimed that the visit was a positive event in their lives and they got the feeling that someone cares about them and know they exist.The elderly who accepted to receive preventive home visits claimed that they now know where to turn the day they are in need of help. They have with the municipality received information and guidance for coping with future events.Our conclusion is that preventive home care activities give elderly better conditions for satisfactory ageing and for retaining a good quality of life.

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Molina-Torres, María-José. "Validación de los analizadores visuales y determinación del síndrome visual informático en trabajadores de la función pública valenciana." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/83007.

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Antecedentes: La expansión de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) ha traído como consecuencia un incremento del uso de Pantallas de Visualización de Datos (PVD) durante los últimos años en diferentes entornos, incluido el laboral. En los Servicios de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, para la realización de la vigilancia de la salud visual de los trabajadores, se utilizan los analizadores visuales, que carecen de estudios actuales que determinen su validez. Además, según la literatura científica, en la mayoría de trabajadores usuarios de PVD es frecuente la sintomatología ocular y visual que engloba el Síndrome Visual Informático (SVI), existiendo diferencias en los estudios de prevalencia publicados. Objetivos: Los dos objetivos principales de esta tesis son: 1) Analizar la precisión diagnóstica de dos modelos actuales de analizadores visuales (Optec 6500 de Stereo Optical y Visiotest de Essilor) utilizados en la vigilancia de la salud visual de trabajadores usuarios de PVD (ESTUDIO I); 2) Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome Visual Informático en trabajadores de la Administración Pública de la provincia de Alicante (ESTUDIO II). Metodología: Para responder a los objetivos planteados se llevaron a cabo dos estudios epidemiológicos de diseño trasversal realizados en trabajadores de la Administración Pública de la provincia de Alicante (España). Para el primer objetivo se seleccionaron trabajadores usuarios de ordenador de acudían a la revisión anual rutinaria del Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de la Generalitat Valenciana, INVASSAT de Alicante (entre octubre y noviembre 2013). Participaron en el estudio 91 trabajadores de edad 50,2 ± 7,9 (media ± ds), de los cuales el 69,2% fueron mujeres y el 68% usuarios de ordenador de más de 4 horas al día. El examen visual incluyó las siguientes pruebas: Agudeza visual (AV) monocular y binocular de lejos, Foria Lateral (FL) de lejos y de cerca, AV estereoscópica y visión cromática, que fueron realizadas por una optometrista (gold standard). Se realizaron las mismas pruebas con los dos analizadores visuales (Optec 6500 y Visiotest). Se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN), tasa de falsos positivos y de falsos negativos. Para medir la concordancia entre cada analizador y el gold standard, así como entre los dos analizadores, se utilizó el coeficiente Kappa (ĸ). Para el segundo objetivo se incluyeron en el estudio todos los trabajadores que se encontraban en activo en el momento del estudio y con dirección de correo electrónico disponible en la Guía Prop (n=1.747). Se les invitó por correo electrónico y participaron 497 de edad 49,7 ± 8,4 (media ± ds), de los cuales el 60% fueron mujeres. Para la recogida de información se utilizó un instrumento online que incluía dos cuestionarios: a) Cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, laborales, de exposición a PVD y de enfermedades oculares y crónicas; b) Cuestionario de Síndrome Visual Informático (CVS-Q). En lo que respecta al análisis estadístico se realizó una descripción de las variables categóricas mediante el cálculo de la frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje; se calcularon las prevalencias de presencia de SVI para cada una de las variables y su intervalo de confianza al 95%; se realizó un modelo de regresión Poisson para obtener razones de prevalencias de presencia de SVI crudas y ajustadas con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%, así como la creación de un índice de riesgo para ajustar las razones de prevalencia por el resto de variables. Resultados: En relación al primer objetivo la sensibilidad y especificidad para la AV monocular fue mayor del 80,0% para ambos analizadores; el VPP fue inferior al 25,0%. Sensibilidad y especificidad fueron más bajas para la AV estereoscópica (55,0%-70,0%), con VPP del 50,0% y VPN del 75,0% en los dos analizadores. Para la FL de lejos, sensibilidad y VPP fueron menores del 10% en ambos casos. Los resultados para la FL de cerca fueron diferentes: Optec 6500 tuvo mayor sensibilidad (43,5%), VPP (37,0%) y VPN (79,7%); mientras que Visiotest tuvo mayor especificidad (83,8%). Para la prueba de visión cromática, Visiotest obtuvo baja sensibilidad y VPP, y alta especificidad y VPN. En la tasa de falsos positivos, Visiotest tuvo valores más bajos a Optec 6500 en AV monocular, FL de cerca y AV estereoscópica. En la tasa de falsos negativos Visiotest tuvo valores más bajos a Optec 6500 en AV monocular y AV estereoscópica. La concordancia obtenida entre ambos analizadores y con el gold standard fue baja (κ <0,40) para todas las pruebas, excepto para la AV monocular y AV estereoscópica, con concordancia moderada entre analizadores. En lo que respecta al segundo objetivo los principales resultados muestran que la prevalencia del SVI en la población estudiada fue del 71% (IC95%: 66,8-75,0), encontrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo (p<0,001) y grupos de edad (p=0,040); siendo mayor en mujeres (77,5%; IC95%: 72,3-82,1) y en trabajadores con edades de 49 a 53 años (77,9%; IC95%: 68,7-85,4). Conforme aumenta el número de horas al día de uso de ordenador en el puesto de trabajo la prevalencia de SVI se incrementa (p=0,003), siendo del 100% (IC97,5%: 59,0-100,0) en el grupo que lo usa más de 8 horas/día. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a desde cuándo usan el ordenador en el puesto de trabajo (p=0,042) y a si realizan pausas pautadas (p=0,039), siendo el grupo con mayor prevalencia de SVI el que lo viene usando de 21 a 25 años (82,7%; IC95%: 72,7-90,2) y el que no realiza pausas (77,4%; IC95%: 71,1-82,8). Si existían problemas de salud, las mayores prevalencias fueron para el grupo de trabajadores con glaucoma (100,0%; IC97,5%: 75,3-100,0; p=0.024), ojo seco (98,4%; IC95%: 91,2-100,0; p<0,001) y enfermedades de salud mental (100,0%; IC97,5%: 83,2-100,0; p=0,002), siendo las diferencias en todos los casos significativas. Al ajustar por el índice de riesgo del SVI, estimado a partir del resto de variables, el grupo que presenta la asociación más alta son los de más de 8 horas (PRa=1,74; IC95%: 1,24-2,44; p=0,001). Conclusiones: Los elevados VPN obtenidos en este estudio confirman a estos analizadores como alternativa aceptable para su uso en la vigilancia de la salud visual de los trabajadores usuarios de PVD. La concordancia entre cada analizador y con el patrón de referencia es baja. En los trabajadores con baja prevalencia de pruebas alteradas, constituyen una buena aproximación para detectar alteraciones y de este modo solo referir al especialista pacientes con pruebas alteradas. La prevalencia total de SVI en los trabajadores de la Administración Pública de la provincia de Alicante es del 71%. Las prevalencias más altas de SVI se observan en las mujeres, trabajadores de más edad, en los trabajadores que utilizan el ordenador durante la jornada laboral más de 6 horas al día y en aquellos que no realizan pausas. Después de controlar por las características personales y laborales de los trabajadores, aquellos que están más de 8 horas al día usando el ordenador en el trabajo, comparando con los que están menos de 2 horas, son los que tienen más probabilidad de padecer este problema de salud.

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Wang, Chun-Che. "Driver Assistance System for Lane Departure Prevention and Collision Avoidance with Night Vision." 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2006200413562300.

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Wang, Chun-Che, and 王俊哲. "Driver Assistance System for Lane Departure Prevention and Collision Avoidance with Night Vision." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54712791447866412327.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
92
In Taiwan, more than 2,500 people die in the fatal traffic accidents per year, of which 53% traffic accidents happen in the nighttime. Besides, the major cause of traffic accidents is “Improper Driving” due to driver’s inattention or fatigue. For this reason, we develop a vision based driver assistance system which has capabilities of lane departure prevention and collision avoidance at night. The objectives of this paper are to detect the lane boundaries and vehicles by use of computer vision techniques. In lane recognition, three procedures including Gaussian filter, Peak-Finding Algorithm, and Line-Segment Grouping, based on three properties, brightness, slenderness, and continuity, are used to detect land markers successfully and effectively. In vehicle recognition, taillight features are first stood out and the proposed taillight pairing algorithm is used to search vehicle candidates effectively. Besides, in this paper, we also provide an automatic method to calculate the tilt and the pan of the camera according to the position of vanishing point in the image. The proposed system is shown to work well on highway in the nighttime. The detection rate in lane detection is nearly 95%, and vehicle recognition is higher than 87%. Besides, the computation cost of our approach is low and our system can process the image in almost real time.

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39

"Computer vision based embedded fire detection system." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894610.

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Gong, Yibo.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-108).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.ii
Acknowledgement --- p.v
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Objective --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Contributions --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Embedded fire detection platform --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Extended CAMSHIFT object detection frame work --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Cooperative multiple camera module --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Aerial maritime survivor detection system --- p.9
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of this thesis --- p.9
Chapter 2 --- Background Study --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- Embedded computer vision --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Visual Fire detection --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Color-based object detection and tracking --- p.15
Chapter 2.4 --- Multiple-camera system cooperation --- p.16
Chapter 2.5 --- Multiple-camera system calibration --- p.18
Chapter 3 --- Overview of the embedded fire detection system --- p.22
Chapter 3.1 --- Functional modules of the detection unit --- p.25
Chapter 3.2 --- Dataflow within the detection unit --- p.28
Chapter 4 --- Simulated annealing based MEAN SHIFT framework --- p.31
Chapter 4.1 --- Simulated annealing framework --- p.33
Chapter 4.2 --- Combination of simulated annealing with MEAN SHIFT --- p.37
Chapter 5 --- Extended CAMSHIFT framework for fire detection --- p.42
Chapter 5.1 --- Bidirectional color histogram training and backprojection --- p.43
Chapter 5.2 --- Choice of properly sized fire window --- p.48
Chapter 5.3 --- Alternative optimization based search window resizing --- p.49
Chapter 5.4 --- Multiple modal particle filter based window size optimization --- p.53
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Multiple modal particle filter --- p.53
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Integration of the MMPF with CAMSHIFT framework --- p.57
Chapter 5.5 --- fire monitoring --- p.63
Chapter 6 --- The multiple camera module --- p.65
Chapter 6.1 --- Calibration of the multi-camera system --- p.66
Chapter 6.2 --- Region mapping and cooperation among the cameras --- p.69
Chapter 7 --- Implementation and Experiments --- p.71
Chapter 7.1 --- Implementation --- p.71
Chapter 7.2 --- Experiments and performance evaluations --- p.74
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Bidirectional histogram training and backprojection --- p.76
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Performance of the hybrid Simulated annealing-Mean shift framework --- p.78
Chapter 7.2.3 --- Alternative optimization based search window resizing for CAMSHIFT --- p.84
Chapter 7.2.4 --- Multiple modal particle filter based search window resizing for CAMSHIFT --- p.87
Chapter 7.2.5 --- Real-scenario test on the arm system --- p.94
Chapter 7.2.6 --- Comparison of the two search window resizing mechanisms --- p.96
Chapter 7.2.7 --- Accuracy of the multiple camera calibration method --- p.97
Chapter 8 --- Extension to aerial maritime survivor search --- p.99
Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.99
Chapter 8.2 --- Implementation and experiment results --- p.102
Chapter 9 --- Conclusion --- p.105
Chapter 9.1 --- Contribution and summary of the work --- p.105
Chapter 9.2 --- Future work --- p.107
Bibliography --- p.109

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40

Lee, Shu-Ming, and 李恕明. "A CAD-based Vision Approach for Incorrect Wire Bonding Prevention System Design and Development." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56790744887742449191.

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博士
國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
97
No available method can automatically verify the correctness of the wire bonding position in the mass production environment. A novel machine vision based wrong wire bonding prevention (WWBP) system is proposed that can prevent wrong wire bonding prior to actual wire bonding process execution. The proposed approach, which integrates image processing and wire bonding simulation techniques, does not need to bond actual samples for testing and can save the manual effort, material cost and product time. The proposed WWBP system can also be used to work synchronously with the real wire bonding process in the mass production environment so that the material transfer process will be reduced. This approach can efficiently solve the mal-detection and lost detection problems that may occur in other available methods. It also provides a new direction for applying CAD-based vision techniques for complicated IC parts inspection. The experimental results showed that the proposed WWBP system is robust and fast enough to work synchronously with the wire bonding process. With the proposed WWBP system, wrong wire bonding incidents, which are about 2000~3500 PPM [1] in current IC packaging foundries, will be totally eliminated.

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41

Chien, Jui-Hung, and 簡睿弘. "Assessment of Practicality of Collision Prevention and Work Offset for Tool Machine Using Stereo Vision." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pbe2b5.

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碩士
國立中正大學
機械工程系研究所
104
Machine operation training is a long term work. To ensure the safety of the operators and tool machines, the condition of the tool machine has to be checked once and again before and during the operation. The machine is especially easy to break down under unskilled operation. Because of the lack of automatic condition surveillance, operators have to be experienced and pay attention during the operation. Thus, this paper proposes a stereo vision system to help operators check the condition of tool machine. This system mainly measures the distance between the tool and edges of the work piece such that the work offset can be done automatically and collision can be prevented. In the collision detection task, distances of different locations of the tool and the work piece were measured. The minimun error is 0.130 mm and the maxmum error is 8.440 mm. When the detected distance was larger than 15mm, the tool condition was judged as safe status, otherwise collision warning was issued. Among 8 measurements, all judgements are correct. In the task of work offset, when the machine returns to machine zero, the distance between part zero and machine zero were measured. The average error of X-axis、Y-axis and Z-axis are 0.751mm, 2.928mm and 1.538mm, respectively. In spite of the lack of precision, this system helps operators to understand the conditions of the tool machines.

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42

(11173185), Tahrir Ibraq Siddiqui. "Intelligent Collision Prevention System For SPECT Detectors by Implementing Deep Learning Based Real-Time Object Detection." Thesis, 2021.

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The SPECT-CT machines manufactured by Siemens consists of two heavy detector heads(~1500lbs each) that are moved into various configurations for radionuclide imaging. These detectors are driven by large torque powered by motors in the gantry that enable linear and rotational motion. If the detectors collide with large objects – stools, tables, patient extremities, etc. – they are very likely to damage the objects and get damaged as well. This research work proposes an intelligent real-time object detection system to prevent collisions between detector heads and external objects in the path of the detector’s motion by implementing an end-to-end deep learning object detector. The research extensively documents all the work done in identifying the most suitable object detection framework for this use case, collecting, and processing the image dataset of target objects, training the deep neural net to detect target objects, deploying the trained deep neural net in live demos by implementing a real-time object detection application written in Python, improving the model’s performance, and finally investigating methods to stop detector motion upon detecting external objects in the collision region. We successfully demonstrated that a Caffe version of MobileNet-SSD can be trained and deployed to detect target objects entering the collision region in real-time by following the methodologies outlined in this paper. We then laid out the future work that must be done in order to bring this system into production, such as training the model to detect all possible objects that may be found in the collision region, controlling the activation of the RTOD application, and efficiently stopping the detector motion.

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43

侯季墉. "The Vision Full-range Healthcare and LOHAS Program –a Preliminary Study on Myopia Measurement, Prevention and Healing." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92870526536364321032.

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碩士
佛光大學
生命學研究所
101
Without the balance of physical and mental, No LOHAS. The myopia for Taiwan students, and even far as the Chinese hazards visual health.In this study, LOHAS's assessment, prevention and healing are prior to departure, as study child myopia and vision care. This study was first proposed holistic LOHAS’s health care model, and look for simple, convenient and effective visual assessment methods, and to explore the relationship between myopia and visual acuity; followed, explore vision training programs for improving myopia; and is it possible to provide preventive indicators before myopia. Methods: The first is the literature review of the proposed full range of health care model, secondly optometry pattern created out of simple processes, on the implementation of elementary school children with vision diopter measurement and analysis; Furthermore convex vision training is to develop training programs, and to the same elementary school students for training and measuring visual acuity and refraction; finally measured close reading pressure, to further explore the possibility of preventing myopia indicators. Results : Proposed comprehensive holistic LOHAS’s care model, which in the experiment presented contains "logarithmic visual acuity A, B charts ", " optometry set" of " Reality optometry ", after measurement analysis , results in visual acuity and refraction correlation; experiment two convex vision through training, for "not wearing glasses group's vision and refraction" and "wearing glasses group" have significant results; Experiment III, in myopia prevention assessment aspects found close reading with "naked eye" and "1D lens" is better than "full correction of myopia to wear glasses"; in the HRV，the six indicators including RMSSD, HF with close reading pressure are related. Conclusion: First create a set of workable home, accurate measurement of LOHAS’s vision health programs; and found myopia not wearing glasses and wearing glasses, the vision and refraction are inconsistent correlation between, on the same vision, wearing glasses diopter deeper. Followed by myopia and bad eyesight, can one day ten minutes through a convex lens visual training method, a significant improvement. Finally, suggesting HRV visual pressure indicator can be used as an indicator of myopia prevention.

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44

King, Emily Catherine. "Contributions of Central and Peripheral Vision to the Control of Reach-to-Grasp Reactions Evoked by Unpredictable Balance Perturbation." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17436.

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This thesis presents two studies that investigate how vision is used to control rapid, compensatory reach-to-grasp reactions. Compensatory grasping reactions were evoked in healthy young adults via unpredictable translations of large platforms on which the subjects stood or walked. The first study tracked natural gaze behaviour during responses to unexpected balance perturbations. It provided evidence that, unlike with voluntary movements, the eyes do not lead the hand during balance recovery – subjects relied on ‘stored’ information from central vision, continuously-available peripheral vision, or a combination of these sources to guide the hand. The second study investigated the efficacy of reliance on peripheral vision to guide rapid reach-to-grasp balance-recovery reactions. Peripheral vision was found to guide reach-to-grasp responses with sufficient accuracy to achieve a functional grasp of a relatively small handhold; however, peripherally-guided movements were slower when the handhold was in the extreme periphery.

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45

WU, CHI-YU, and 吳吉裕. "Constructing the Vision and Strategy of the National Crime Prevention and Research Department From the Perspective of Globalization." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gph47a.

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博士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治研究所
106
This study is based on the perspective of globalization, and places the globalization of crime issues and prevention and control countermeasures as the main core issues. Also, the study explores the current issues of globalization of criminal activities and integration of prevention and control policies. When anti-system issues and actions gradually become internationalized, international and regional criminal justice cooperation organizations were established one after another to form strategic alliance. In particular, developed countries have recently established "national crime prevention and research institutes" in order to effectively respond to globalized crime problems and create countermeasures. While these institutions take an active role in international criminal justice exchanges and cooperation. On the other hand, domestic crimes and criminal activities have become increasingly complicated due to globalization. Unfortunately, development of the national crime prevention and control research department has been relatively weakened, highlighting the importance and urgency of the reconstruction of our country’s crime prevention and research departments. In addition to focusing on the current development of crime globalization and international cooperation measures, this study reviews secondary data from eight research institutes from countries such as the United States, Germany, Australia, Japan, South Korea, and People’s Republic of China, as well as data from the National Institutes of Health and National Education in the Republic of China. A comprehensive analysis of current trends in global criminal issues and international countermeasures and actions is provided and the review also compares the setting priorities, operational models, and advantages of each agency. The data are collected, analyzed, and compared. The core topics of the questionnaire and the content of the questionnaires are developed according to the Defe method. In this study, a two-round questionnaire survey was conducted with Defifa as the main axis. Expert opinions were widely consulted on the core issues of the challenges and research priorities of China’s crime problems, as well as the visions, strategies, and challenges of establishing a criminal research department. In the end, the study aims to make recommendation about future research policy making for establishing a national crime prevention research institution.

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46

Reed, Jones James. "Prediction and Prevention of Simulator Sickness: An Examination of Individual Differences, Participant Behaviours, and Controlled Interventions." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3218.

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Fixed-base driving simulators are commonplace in research and training. Simulators provide safe and controlled environments to train users on vehicle and device operation, to evaluate the safety of devices and controls, and to conduct research on driving and driving behaviours. One drawback to simulators is simulator sickness. As with motion sickness, simulator sickness can cause nausea, but additionally it has symptoms such as headache and eyestrain. Simulator sickness is a problem for multiple reasons: it can skew experimental results, it can waste participants’ and experimenter’s time, and it can limit testable populations. In addition, participants may modify their behaviour to avoid sickness, affecting experimental results or impeding learning. While sickness can reduce over multiple exposures, it is not known if any observable behaviours accompany these reductions. It is also not known why there are such marked individual differences in susceptibility. To test for behaviours that could be responsible for reducing sickness, I examined participants across two sessions in a fixed-base driving simulator. I found that gaze behaviour (eye and head movements) changed along with sickness. To determine the cause for this finding I instructed participants (pre-drive) to fixate their gaze during the curves of a simulated drive. This gaze modification was effective in reducing sickness during a first-time experience in the simulator, supporting a causal link. Next, I attempted to replace the missing vestibular input in a fixed-base simulator, so that the visual and vestibular perceptions of motion matched. This experiment showed that by providing vestibular stimulation appropriate or opposite of what would occur in the real world reduced sickness. This provided support for the theory that distracting stimulation (electrical in this case) could reduce attention to visual motion cues and therefore reduce conflict, a novel finding for simulator sickness research. Finally, I tested for any correlations between individual differences and sickness. I found that history of motion sickness and current illness both correlated with sickness, potentially useful as a pre-screening tool. In addition, driving behaviours such as speed, braking, and acceleration all correlated with sickness, showing that how a person behaves in a simulation could also contribute to sickness.
CFI, OGS, Auto21

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47

Shu-ting, Tseng, and 曾淑婷. "The Relative Factors among Vision Care Knowledge, Attitude and Myopia Prevention Behavior of the Primary Caregiver for Children at Penghu Area." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28478189802591260105.

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碩士
美和科技大學
健康照護研究所
101
ABSTRACT This study aims to understand and explore the correlation between the knowledge and attitude of a student’s primary caregivers and the effective implementation of myopia prevention behavior.Conducted on the Penghu Islands with a combined total of forty-two primary schools, this study chose four schools to represent a variety of circumstances. The schools chosen were located in: downtown Makung, suburban Makung, Niaoyu and Jibei. The main subjects of this study were the Elementary students from grade one to grade six,and their primary care-givers. The 933 pieces of valid data collected from March 2013 to April 2013 during this study was analyzed using many quantitative research methods, including a cross-sectional survey research tool with a structured questionnaire taking into account demographic data and measuring both the knowledge and attitude of the caregivers surveyed, as well as a Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) program that used an eighteen point system measuring frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent sample test, one way ANOVA,and implementing Scheffe’s method,using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient,and stepwise regression analysis. This study results showed that the majority of primary school children’s primary caregivers are their parents. In terms of their educational background, the majority of caregiver’s highest education level was junior colleg. In the majority of the islands, students live in a household with mostly family members numbering four to six in small family patterns. Most students in grades one through six participating in this study owned a LCD television in their home, are male, and in respect to academic achievement are high achievers. Most of the schoolchildren slept on average a total of eight to ten hours per day, and participated in outdoor activities one to two times per week. At home, time spent on electronic devices such as television and computers amounted to two hours. Visual inspections conducted of all the students involved in this study revealed the levels of myopia. 57.66% of those inspected held normal vision levels, those with myopic sight in both eyes composed 33.98% of the inspected. The remaining students, 8.36%, had myopic vision in one eye and normal vision in the other. Through the results of this study, the conclusion is that the primary caregiver of school children’s status is statistically significant in the role they play in myopia prevention behavior.Influencing factors included the caregiver’s current job situation, level of education, family structure,residence, student’s grades, family history of myopia,television screen type,time spent on television or computers,vision care knowledge and vision care attitudes. Students that had the highest academic expectations from caregivers had caregivers that were university graduates. Students with a family history of myopia were more at risk to developing myopia themselves. Also,students living within small family structures were more likely to receive a higher level of myopia preventive care. Finally, the study used stepwise regression method to determine the effectiveness of a primary caregiver based on their current job situation, highest level of education, residence, family history of myopia, etc. Using a seven variable input mode, all these variables proved statistically significant. Knowledge of proper myopia prevention behavior resulted in a 34% increase in a caregiver’s myopia preventive score; likewise,a healthy attitude towards myopia prevention tactics led to a 67% increase in a caregiver’s myopia preventive score. These measurements have an interpretable variance of 25% (t = 7.89, p < .001). The results of this study have shined light on the relationship between schoolchildren’s eye care and the primary caregivers of the schoolchildren’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards myopia prevention.

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48

Hsu, Jui-Li, and 許瑞莉. "A study on vision prevention behavior and it’s related factors among the school children’s primary caregivers in Shulin District, New Taipei City." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/scrpff.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
健康促進與衛生教育學系
106
The main purpose of this study was to explore vision prevention knowledge, attitude, behavior, and related factors among school children’s primary caregivers of a public kindergarten in Shulin District, New Taipei City. We purposive selected a public kindergarten and used the school children’s primary caregivers as the research subjects. A self-designed structured questionnaire was used and a total of 117 validated questionnaire was collected with 92.86 % of effective rate. Research results are summarized as follows： 1.The averaged vision prevention knowledge score was 88％,which is in the high score level. Most of the primary caregivers did not know the causes of myopia and was suffering from complications of high myopia. The primary caregivers have a vision prevention attitude but most of them find it difficult to learn how to protect their children's eyes and to bring their children for regular eyes check. The vision prevention behavior of the subjects was good. However, the lack of planning for outdoor activities in daily life led many preschool children to fail to enjoy outdoor activities on weekdays or holidays. 2.Among the variables of background in the study, there were three items related to vision prevention knowledge which are age, occupation, and family social status. Background variables related to vision prevention attitude are education level and family social status. Background variables related to vision prevention behavior are education level, occupation, and family social status. 3. Family social status index, vision prevention knowledge, and vision prevention attitude can effectively predict subjects' vision prevention behavior and explained 33.5% of the total variation. Among them, the vision prevention attitude has the greatest impact on predicting vision prevention behavior, followed by vision prevention knowledge, and family social status index. Key Words: preschool children, primary caregivers, vision prevention knowledge, vision prevention attitude, vision prevention behavior

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Sithole, Hlupheka Lawrence. "A critical analysis of the South African health policies and programmes with regard to eye health promotion." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11833.

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D. Litt et Phil. (Literature and Philosophy)
Eye health promotion is an important aspect of VISION 2020 campaign that aims to eliminate unwarranted cases of avoidable blindness worldwide by the year 2020. Most developing countries, including South Africa, have a serious burden of eye diseases and unwarranted causes of visual impairment and blindness. The purpose of this research therefore was to highlight the lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy in the South African primary health care system which can play a major role in the elimination of this burden of disease and also to make proposals for eye health promotion policy development in South Africa. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used in this study. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with all national and provincial health managers of portfolios relevant to eye care. Also, various health policy documents were requested from the National and Provincial Department of Health to ascertain claims of any existing guidelines on eye care. The policy documents and guidelines obtained had no specific reference to eye health promotion. Only 11 (23%) of the managers of provincial health directorates reported that they have integrated vision screening in their health promotion programmes as part of eye health promotion strategies. Eye care managers in the provinces reported that school visits accounted for 75% of eye health promotion programmes target areas. Also, apart from the Northern Cape Province which has no eye care manager and consequently no eye health promotion programmes, the Western Cape Province also does not have eye health promotion programmes and relies mostly on private sector for eye care services. The lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy and most probably the lack of a dedicated directorate that deals with eye health promotion issues may be a contributing factor to the overwhelming lack of integrated eye health promotion activities in South Africa. It is therefore recommended that an integrated eye health promotion model be developed and be part of the South African primary health care system.
Health Studies

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50

Lu, Yin-Yu, and 盧映宇. "A Vision-based Preventing System for Car Collision at Night." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41041469599548681082.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
96
Keeping a safe distance away from the frontal car is an important issue for car accident prevention. This thesis presents a practical distance measuring method in nighttime using a single CCD camera. The proposed system consists of three modules including taillight detection, license-plate detection, and distance measurement of which estimating the distance from the frontal car during driving. Firstly, the two taillights of a car are detected and extracted to be the salient features. Based on the proportionality of similar triangles, the distance between the CCD camera and the frontal car can be estimated. In addition, the license plate is detected and the measuring parameters are refined for accuracy enhancement. As a result, less processing time and high accuracy rate can be achieved by using the proposed method. In taillight detection module, the color and intensity are used to serve as the features. In a special color space, the taillight can be found easily. The second part in the system is the distance measuring module. In this module, we propose a special measuring system in which the real distance can be calculated by just using a single image. In the third module, an Adaboost license plate detector is employed. The license plate can be successfully detected by using Haar function and the system parameter can be automatically improved to uplift the accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed system can indeed achieve the goal of car collision prevention during nighttime.

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