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Journal articles on the topic 'Vision – Physiology'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Mori, Mikiro. "Molecular physiology of vision." Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 40, no. 2 (2003): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.40.101.

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2

CHUJO, RIICHIRO. "Chemistry and Physiology of Vision." Sen'i Gakkaishi 43, no. 5 (1987): P155—P160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.43.5_p155.

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3

Matsumoto, Chota. "Physiology of vision for perimetry." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 31 (2002): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.31.1.

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4

de Weert, Ch M. M. "Vision: Physics and retinal physiology." Acta Psychologica 75, no. 2 (November 1990): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(90)90086-u.

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5

AUGUSTIN, ALBERT J. "THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SCOTOPIC VISION, CONTRAST VISION, COLOR VISION, AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMICITY." Retina 28, no. 9 (October 2008): 1179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0b013e3181835885.

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6

Boron, Walter F. "A Vision for Physiology–The Journal." Physiology 26, no. 4 (August 2011): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00025.2011.

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7

Keller, A. "PHYSIOLOGY: Toward the Dominance of Vision?" Science 320, no. 5874 (April 18, 2008): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1157191.

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8

Persson, P. B., and A. Bondke Persson. "Vision." Acta Physiologica 218, no. 2 (September 12, 2016): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apha.12771.

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9

Chamberlain, Steven C. "Visions of vision: Studies of the horseshoe crab compound eye." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100122848.

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The lateral eye of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is an important model system for studies of visual processes such as phototransduction, lateral inhibition, and light adaptation. It has also been the system of choice for pioneering studies of the role of circadian efferent input from the brain to the eye. For example, light and efferent input interact in controlling the daily shedding of photosensitive membrane and photomechanical movements. Most recently, modeling efforts have begun to relate anatomy, physiology and visually guided behavior using parallel computing. My laboratory has pursued collaborative morphological studies of the compound eye for the past 15 years. Some of this research has been correlated structure/function studies; the rest has been studies of basic morphology and morphological process.
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10

Balakrishnan, Praveen, and MJ Ashwini. "Conceptual analysis of Physiology of vision in Ayurveda." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 5, no. 3 (2014): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.140486.

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11

Nathans, Jeremy. "The Evolution and Physiology of Human Color Vision." Neuron 24, no. 2 (October 1999): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80845-4.

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12

Pokorny, Joel, and Vivianne C. Smith. "Fifty Years Exploring the Visual System." Annual Review of Vision Science 6, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081824.

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We as a couple spent 50 years working in visual psychophysics of color vision, temporal vision, and luminance adaptation. We sought collaborations with ophthalmologists, anatomists, physiologists, physicists, and psychologists, aiming to relate visual psychophysics to the underlying physiology of the primate retina. This review describes our journey and reflections in exploring the visual system.
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13

Gregory, Richard L. "The Medawar Lecture 2001 Knowledge for vision: vision for knowledge." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1458 (June 29, 2005): 1231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1662.

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An evolutionary development of perception is suggested—from passive reception to active perception to explicit conception —earlier stages being largely retained and incorporated in later species. A key is innate and then individually learned knowledge, giving meaning to sensory signals. Inappropriate or misapplied knowledge produces rich cognitive phenomena of illusions, revealing normally hidden processes of vision, tentatively classified here in a ‘peeriodic table’. Phenomena of physiology are distinguished from phenomena of general rules and specific object knowledge. It is concluded that vision uses implicit knowledge, and provides knowledge for intelligent behaviour and for explicit conceptual understanding including science.
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14

Dell’Orco, Daniele, Karl-Wilhelm Koch, and Giorgio Rispoli. "Where vision begins." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 473, no. 9 (July 10, 2021): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-021-02605-3.

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15

Idesawa, Masanori, Yasushi Mae, and Junji Oaki. "Special Issue on Robot Vision - Vision for Action -." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 6 (December 20, 2009): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0671.

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Robot vision is a key technology in robotics and mechatronics for realizing intelligent robot systems that work in the real world. The fact that robot vision algorithms required much time and effort to apply in real-world applications has delayed their dissemination until new forms made possible by recent rapid improvements in computer speed. Now the day is coming when robot vision may surpass human vision in many applications. This special issue presents 13 papers on the latest robot vision achievements and their applications. The first two propose ways of measuring and modeling 3D objects in everyday environments. Four more detail object detection and tracking, including visual servoing. Three propose advances in hand feature extraction and pose calculation, and one treats video coding for visual sensor networks. Two papers discuss robot vision applications based on human visual physiology, and the last clarifies an application in optical force sensors. We thank the authors for their invaluable contributions to this issue and the reviewers for their generous time and effort. Last, we thank the Editorial Board of JRM for making this issue possible.
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16

O'Brien, John, and Stewart A. Bloomfield. "Plasticity of Retinal Gap Junctions: Roles in Synaptic Physiology and Disease." Annual Review of Vision Science 4, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034133.

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Electrical synaptic transmission via gap junctions underlies direct and rapid neuronal communication in the central nervous system. The diversity of functional roles played by electrical synapses is perhaps best exemplified in the vertebrate retina, in which gap junctions are expressed by each of the five major neuronal types. These junctions are highly plastic; they are dynamically regulated by ambient illumination and circadian rhythms acting through light-activated neuromodulators. The networks formed by electrically coupled neurons provide plastic, reconfigurable circuits positioned to play key and diverse roles in the transmission and processing of visual information at every retinal level. Recent work indicates gap junctions also play a role in the progressive cell death and aberrant activity seen in various pathological conditions of the retina. Gap junctions thus form potential targets for novel neuroprotective therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative retinal diseases such as glaucoma and ischemic retinopathies.
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17

Volgushev, Maxim. "Local action for global vision." Journal of Physiology 589, no. 14 (July 15, 2011): 3419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.212670.

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18

Rowe, Michael H. "Trichromatic Color Vision in Primates." Physiology 17, no. 3 (June 2002): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/nips.01376.2001.

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Trichromatic color vision is rare among mammals, occurring only in some primates. Recent work has elucidated the adaptive behavioral significance of trichromacy as well as its underlying genetic and neurophysiological mechanisms. These studies reveal a complex neural system whose design and operation apparently does not conform to rigid deterministic principles.
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19

Kateriya, Suneel, Georg Nagel, Ernst Bamberg, and Peter Hegemann. "“Vision” in Single-Celled Algae." Physiology 19, no. 3 (June 2004): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/nips.01517.2004.

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Photosynthetic unicellular algae have a unique visual system. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the pigmented eye comprises the optical system and at least five different rhodopsin photoreceptors. Two of them, the channelrhodopsins, are rhodopsin-ion channel hybrids switched between closed and open states by photoisomerization of the attached retinal chromophore. They promise to become a useful tool for noninvasive control of membrane potential and intracellular ion concentrations.
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20

Ostrovsky, Mikhail A., and Tatyana B. Feldman. "Chemistry and molecular physiology of vision: light-sensitive protein rhodopsin." Russian Chemical Reviews 81, no. 11 (November 30, 2012): 1071–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2012v081n11abeh004309.

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21

Arikawa, Kentaro. "The eyes and vision of butterflies." Journal of Physiology 595, no. 16 (May 8, 2017): 5457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jp273917.

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22

Wolbarsht, Myron L. "Colour Vision: Physiology and Psychophysics. The Cambridge Colour Vision Conference, 1982. J. D. Mollon , L. T. Sharpe." Quarterly Review of Biology 60, no. 2 (June 1985): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/414397.

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23

Feldman, Jerome A. "Enactivist vision." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 1 (March 1992): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00067340.

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24

Towey, Alan. "The Physiology of Vision in Alexander’s Commentary on the De sensu." Ancient Philosophy 39, no. 1 (2019): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil201939111.

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25

Peter John Brownlee. "Ophthalmology, Popular Physiology, and the Market Revolution in Vision, 1800–1850." Journal of the Early Republic 28, no. 4 (2008): 597–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.0.0040.

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26

Parker, Andrew J., and Kristine Krug. "Editorial overview: The growing research networks of the physiology of vision." Current Opinion in Physiology 16 (August 2020): iii—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2020.09.008.

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27

Dematte, M. L., D. Sanabria, and C. Spence. "Olfactory Discrimination: When Vision Matters?" Chemical Senses 34, no. 2 (September 15, 2008): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjn055.

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28

Hu, Li Wei, Yu Long Pei, and Chuan Yun Fu. "Influence Factors of Traffic Signs Comprehension Effectiveness and Analysis of the Model in Ice Snow Environment." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.949.

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Some factors affect the driving behavior seriously, for example driving visibility, velocity, headway, driver’s vision and psychology&physiology etc. This paper, base on analyzing visibility under different conditions, analyzed the influence to driving visibility in ice & snow environment, and studied driver’s vision and psychology&physiology in the same environment through experimentation. So studying on driver’s comprehension effectiveness of traffic signs under the ice and snow condition and establishing the model, this is in favor of providing the theory evidence for installing traffic signs considering the effect from ice and snow in the long period of ice and snow season northeast area, in china.
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29

Hemmerling, Thomas M., and Sean D. Jeffries. "Robotic Anesthesia: A Vision for 2050." Anesthesia & Analgesia 138, no. 2 (January 12, 2024): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000006835.

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The last 2 decades have brought important developments in anesthetic technology, including robotic anesthesia. Anesthesiologists titrate the administration of pharmacological agents to the patients’ physiology and the needs of surgery, using a variety of sophisticated equipment (we use the term “pilots of the human biosphere”). In anesthesia, increased safety seems coupled with increased technology and innovation. This article gives an overview of the technological developments over the past decades, both in terms of pharmacological and mechanical robots, which have laid the groundwork for robotic anesthesia: target-controlled drug infusion systems, closed-loop administration of anesthesia and sedation, mechanical robots for intubation, and the latest development in the world of communication with the arrival of artificial intelligence (AI)–derived chatbots are presented.
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30

Cohen, Jonathan H., and Tamara M. Frank. "Vision in the hyperiid amphipod Scina crassicornis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 5 (October 2007): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407056834.

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Light microscopy and extracellular electrophysiology were used to investigate eye structure and visual physiology of the hyperiid amphipod Scina crassicornis, a mesopelagic species that emits unusually short-wavelength luminescence (λmax=435–444 nm). The overall eye morphology is most similar to some previously described deep-dwelling amphipods, though not other hyperiids. Electroretinograms suggest that S. crassicornis possesses a relatively sensitive eye with slow temporal dynamics, and a monochromatic visual system (λmax=472 nm). Vision in S. crassicornis is well-suited for life in mesopelagic waters, and its short-wavelength luminescence does not play a role in intraspecific sexual signalling.
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31

Hess, Robert F., and Jim McCarthy. "Topological disorder in peripheral vision." Visual Neuroscience 11, no. 5 (September 1994): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800003977.

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AbstractOne of the most striking properties of the mammalian visual system is that it is only the central part of the visual field, the fovea, where vision is most acute. The superiority of the fovea is particularly evident in tasks requiring accurate spatial localization. It is currently thought that peripheral spatial uncertainty is a simple consequence of the decreased sampling grain of the peripheral field. We show that the topological fidelity of the afferent projection declines with eccentricity away from the fovea and that it is this rather than the sampling grain that underlies the poorer performance of the periphery in tasks involving spatial localization. The combination of normal sampling and a disordered topology results in the periphery having good sensitivity for detection but poor sensitivity for object recognition.
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32

Chappell, Richard L., and Ken-Ichi Naka. "Sensitivity transformation for vertebrate vision." Visual Neuroscience 6, no. 4 (April 1991): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800006593.

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AbstractThe visual response to a flash given in the dark is known to saturate according to the Michaelis-Menten relationship. Nevertheless, the incremental response from increasing levels of mean luminance tends to follow a Weber-Fechner relationship well into the saturation range determined from the Michaelis-Menten results. This sensitivity transformation from Michaelis-Menten to Weber-Fechner is an important characteristic of light adaptation in the vertebrate retina. Recent studies concerning the role of calcium in photoreceptor adaptation have shown that the relaxation from peak to plateau in the response of isolated photoreceptors was absent under conditions in which adaptation was blocked. Comparing the pronounced relaxation from peak to plateau in turtle horizontal cells with the absence of such relaxation in the catfish response, we noted also that turtle incremental sensitivity shows a Weber-Fechner relationship while catfish incremental sensitivity more closely follows the local slope of the Michaelis-Menten relation. Based on these observations, we have obtained an expression to relate the relaxation from peak to plateau with the sensitivity transformation. We assume that adaptation shifts the half-maximum point of the Michaelis-Menten curve so that the light response relaxes to a plateau value equal to a specified fraction φ of the peak response. We show that this manipulation alone results in a transformation from Michaelis-Menten kinetics to Weber-Fechner sensitivity.
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33

Glezer, V. D., V. E. Gauzel'man, and V. V. Yakovlev. "The uncertainty principal in vision." Neurophysiology 18, no. 3 (1987): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01052539.

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34

CASCO, CLARA, GIANLUCA CAMPANA, ALBA GRIECO, SILVANA MUSETTI, and SALVATORE PERRONE. "Hyper-vision in a patient with central and paracentral vision loss reflects cortical reorganization." Visual Neuroscience 20, no. 5 (September 2003): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523803205046.

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SM, a 21-year-old female, presents an extensive central scotoma (30 deg) with dense absolute scotoma (visual acuity = 10/100) in the macular area (10 deg) due to Stargardt's disease. We provide behavioral evidence of cortical plastic reorganization since the patient could perform several visual tasks with her poor-vision eyes better than controls, although high spatial frequency sensitivity and visual acuity are severely impaired. Between 2.5-deg and 12-deg eccentricities, SM presented (1) normal acuity for crowded letters, provided stimulus size is above acuity thresholds for single letters; (2) a two-fold sensitivity increase (d-prime) with respect to controls in a simple search task; and (3) largely above-threshold performance in a lexical decision task carried out randomly by controls. SM's hyper-vision may reflect a long-term sensory gain specific for unimpaired low spatial-frequency mechanisms, which may result from modifications in response properties due to practice-dependent changes in excitatory/inhibitory intracortical connections.
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35

Georgeson, M., M. T. Swanston, and J. L. Barbur. "Reviews: Representations of Vision: Trends and Tacit Assumptions in Vision Research, Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology and Ecology, Night Vision: Basic, Clinical and Applied Aspects." Perception 21, no. 5 (October 1992): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p210691.

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36

Gouras, Peter. "Multivariant color vision." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 1 (March 1992): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00067364.

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37

Del Negro, Ilaria, Giada Pauletto, Lorenzo Verriello, Leopoldo Spadea, Carlo Salati, Tamara Ius, and Marco Zeppieri. "Uncovering the Genetics and Physiology behind Optic Neuritis." Genes 14, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14122192.

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Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory condition affecting the optic nerve, leading to vision impairment and potential vision loss. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of ON, including its definition, epidemiology, physiology, genetics, molecular pathways, therapy, ongoing clinical studies, and future perspectives. ON is characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve, often resulting from an autoimmune response. Epidemiological studies have shown a higher incidence in females and an association with certain genetic factors. The physiology of ON involves an immune-mediated attack on the myelin sheath surrounding the optic nerve, leading to demyelination and subsequent impairment of nerve signal transmission. This inflammatory process involves various molecular pathways, including the activation of immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Genetic factors play a significant role in the susceptibility to ON. Several genes involved in immune regulation and myelin maintenance have been implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Understanding the genetic basis can provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Therapy for ON focuses on reducing inflammation and promoting nerve regeneration. Future perspectives involve personalized medicine approaches based on genetic profiling, regenerative therapies to repair damaged myelin, and the development of neuroprotective strategies. Advancements in understanding molecular pathways, genetics, and diagnostic tools offer new opportunities for targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes in the future.
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38

Boldea, Iulian. "Angela Marinescu. The Physiology of Nihilism." Acta Marisiensis. Philologia 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amph-2022-0016.

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Abstract Angela Marinescu’s poetry is defined by a poetics of negativity, and the neo-expressionist drive for spasm and metaphysics meets the predilection for the contrasting, introductory, white expression. There is in this poetry a rhetoric of excess, of the denudation of the word, of the radicalization of perception, in a writing with reverberations of acute negativity, in which the degradations of corporality, the spasms of the ego, the outrage of the daily, in contrasted, concentrated expression are rendered. Poetry is born from the naked experience, from the fantasies and fervours of the ego, but also from the lucid commitment in the construction and deconstruction of the vision, in a radicalized writing, which irretrizes with geometric rigor the inconsequential and fluctuating architecture of suffering.
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39

Mahotara, NB, and L. Shrestha. "Colour vision deficiency in Nepalese Medical and Nursing Students of different ethnicity." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 39, no. 3 (July 18, 2024): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.725.

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Introduction: Colour vision deficiency is a common but unnoticed condition. Medical students must be aware of their congenital colour vision deficiency and its effects on their work, so that color vision deficient student may not choose the discipline such as pathology and radiology, where colour vision is very important. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Clinical Physiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu from February 2013 to January 2016. Total of 556 medical and nursing students selected by convenient sampling, underwent color vision evaluation by using Ishihara chart. Results: Out of 302 male students, 20 (6.6%) were color vision deficient. Similarly, out of 254 female students, two (0.8%) were colour vision deficient. Among the male students, two (10%) were total colour blind, eight (40%) were suffering from deuteranomaly and 10 (50%) were suffering from deuteranopia. Colour vision deficiencies were observed more in Chhetri (9.5%), followed by Brahmin (7.1%) and Madhesi ethnicity (6.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of colour vision deficiency in Nepalese medical students is significant. Therefore, they should be screened for colour vision deficiency, so that the students with colour vision defect can choose appropriate discipline as their future carrier where colour vision defect may not affect their work.
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40

BUCK, STEVEN, MAUREEN NEITZ, BARRY B. LEE, and KENNETH KNOBLAUCH. "Guest Editor's Foreword: Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Symposium of the International Colour Vision Society. Held July 2005, Lyon, France." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233005.

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The International Colour Vision Society (ICVS) held its 18th biennial meeting in Lyon, France in July 2005. The ICVS, originally founded in 1967 as the International Research Group in Colour Vision Deficiencies and renamed in 1997, brings together vision scientists and clinicians with a common interest in color vision and color vision deficiencies. With significant technological advances that have permitted new and deeper questions about color vision to be addressed, the subject matter of recent meetings has expanded to include greater contributions from such areas as molecular genetics and evolution, retinal and cerebral imaging studies and computational modeling. The peer-reviewed papers in this volume span these newer and the more traditional topics of interest to the society, covering both applied and fundamental topics.
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41

Crist, Charles, and David Lee Robinson. "A large-field screen with even texture for vision research." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 4 (April 1989): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800002224.

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AbstractStudies of the physiology of the central visual system and visual behavior frequently require large tangent screens, and it has been difficult to create a smooth surface with uniform illumination. We have developed a technique for holding drafting paper on a sheet of acrylic so that it can be used as a tangent screen for both front and rear projections. The process utilizes a vacuum system that holds the paper firmly and produces a uniformly smooth surface with good light diffusion; it is simple, flexible, and inexpensive and can be used for any size screens.
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42

DEEB, SAMIR S. "Molecular genetics of color-vision deficiencies." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213244.

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The normal X-chromosome-linked color-vision gene array is composed of a single long-wave-sensitive (L-) pigment gene followed by one or more middle-wave-sensitive (M-) pigment genes. The expression of these genes to form L- or M-cones is controlled by the proximal promoter and by the locus control region. The high degree of homology between the L- and M-pigment genes predisposed them to unequal recombination, leading to gene deletion or the formation of L/M hybrid genes that explain the majority of the common red–green color-vision deficiencies. Hybrid genes encode a variety of L-like or M-like pigments. Analysis of the gene order in arrays of normal and deutan subjects indicates that only the two most proximal genes of the array contribute to the color-vision phenotype. This is supported by the observation that only the first two genes of the array are expressed in the human retina. The severity of the color-vision defect is roughly related to the difference in absorption maxima (λmax) between the photopigments encoded by the first two genes of the array. A single amino acid polymorphism (Ser180Ala) in the L pigment accounts for the subtle difference in normal color vision and influences the severity of red–green color-vision deficiency.Blue-cone monochromacy is a rare disorder that involves absence of L- and M-cone function. It is caused either by deletion of a critical region that regulates expression of the L/M gene array, or by mutations that inactivate the L- and M-pigment genes. Total color blindness is another rare disease that involves complete absence of all cone function. A number of mutants in the genes encoding the cone-specific α- and β-subunits of the cGMP-gated cation channel as well as in the α-subunit of transducin have been implicated in this disorder.
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43

JACOBS, GERALD H. "Primate color vision: A comparative perspective." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 5-6 (September 2008): 619–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080760.

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AbstractThirty years ago virtually everything known about primate color vision derived from psychophysical studies of normal and color-defective humans and from physiological investigations of the visual system of the macaque monkey, the most popular of human surrogates for this purpose. The years since have witnessed much progress toward the goal of understanding this remarkable feature of primate vision. Among many advances, investigations focused on naturally occurring variations in color vision in a wide range of nonhuman primate species have proven to be particularly valuable. Results from such studies have been central to our expanding understanding of the interrelationships between opsin genes, cone photopigments, neural organization, and color vision. This work is also yielding valuable insights into the evolution of color vision.
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44

Colley, Nansi Jo, and John E. Dowling. "Spotlight on the evolution of vision." Visual Neuroscience 30, no. 1-2 (March 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523813000059.

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45

Peach, Daniel A. H., and Adam J. Blake. "Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Vision and Associated Electrophysiological Techniques." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2023, no. 10 (March 27, 2023): pdb.top107671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.top107671.

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Mosquitoes are considered the world's deadliest animal because of the pathogens they spread. Additionally, they are an unbearable nuisance in many areas. Visual stimuli play an important role in the mosquito life cycle, helping them find vertebrate hosts, floral nectar, and oviposition sites. Here, we review mosquito vision, including its influences on mosquito behavior, the photoreceptors involved, and mosquito spectral sensitivity, as well as provide an overview of techniques used for the analysis of mosquito vision, including electroretinograms, single-cell recordings, and the use of opsin-deficient mutants. We anticipate that this information will be useful for researchers studying mosquito physiology, evolution, ecology, and management.
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46

Honkanen, Anna, Esa-Ville Immonen, Iikka Salmela, Kyösti Heimonen, and Matti Weckström. "Insect photoreceptor adaptations to night vision." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1717 (April 5, 2017): 20160077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0077.

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Night vision is ultimately about extracting information from a noisy visual input. Several species of nocturnal insects exhibit complex visually guided behaviour in conditions where most animals are practically blind. The compound eyes of nocturnal insects produce strong responses to single photons and process them into meaningful neural signals, which are amplified by specialized neuroanatomical structures. While a lot is known about the light responses and the anatomical structures that promote pooling of responses to increase sensitivity, there is still a dearth of knowledge on the physiology of night vision. Retinal photoreceptors form the first bottleneck for the transfer of visual information. In this review, we cover the basics of what is known about physiological adaptations of insect photoreceptors for low-light vision. We will also discuss major enigmas of some of the functional properties of nocturnal photoreceptors, and describe recent advances in methodologies that may help to solve them and broaden the field of insect vision research to new model animals. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in dim light’.
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Schoenemann, Brigitte, and Euan N. K. Clarkson. "Vision in fossilised eyes." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 106, no. 4 (December 2015): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691016000232.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents a review of recent developments in the study of vision in fossil arthropods, beginning with a discussion of the origin of visual systems. A report of the eyes of Cambrian arthropods from different Lagerstätten, especially the compound and median arthropod eyes from the Chengjiang fauna of China, is given. Reference is made also to compound eyes from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale fauna of Australia and the Sirius Passet fauna of Greenland; also to the three-dimensionally preserved ‘Orsten’ fauna of Sweden. An understanding of how these eyes functioned is possible by reference to living arthropods and by using physical tools developed by physiologists. The eyes of trilobites (lower Cambrian to Upper Permian) are often very well preserved, and the structure and physiology of their calcite lenses, and the eye as a whole, are summarised here, based upon recent literature. Two main kinds of trilobite eyes have been long known. Firstly, there is the holochroal type, in which the lenses are usually numerous, small and closely packed together; this represents the ancestral kind, first found in lowermost Cambrian trilobites. The second type is the schizochroal eye, in which the lenses are relatively much larger and each is separated from its neighbours. Such eyes are confined to the single suborder Phacopina (Lower Ordovician to Upper Devonian). This visual system has no real equivalents in the animal kingdom. In this present paper, the origin of schizochroal eyes, by paedomorphosis from holochroal precursors, is reviewed, together with subsequent evolutionary transitions in the Early Ordovician. A summary of new work on the structure and mineralogy of phacopid lenses is presented, as is a discussion of the recent discovery of sublensar sensory structures in Devonian phacopids, which has opened up new dimensions in the study of trilobite vision.
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Wang, Yingxu. "On Theoretical Foundations of Human and Robot Vision." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2278, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2278/1/012001.

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Abstract A set of cognitive, neurological, and mathematical theories for human and robot vision has been recognized that encompasses David Hubel’s hypercolumn vision theory (The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 [1]) and Dennis Gabor’s wavelet filter theory (The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 [2]). This keynote lecture presents a theoretical framework of the Cognitive Vision Theory (CVT) [3-6] and its neurological and mathematical foundations. A set of Intelligent Mathematics (IM) [7-13] and formal vision theories developed in my laboratory is introduced encompassing Image Frame Algebra (IFA) [3], Visual Semantic Algebra (VSA) [4], and the Spike Frequency Modulation (SFM) theory [5]. IM is created for enabling cognitive robots to gain autonomous vision cognition capability supported by Visual Knowledge Bases (VKBs). Paradigms and case studies of robot vision powered by CVTs and IM will be demonstrated. The basic research on CVTs has led to new perspectives to human and robot vision for developing novel image processing applications in AI, neural networks, image recognitions, sequence learning, computational intelligence, self-driving vehicles, unmanned systems, and robot navigations.
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Ibbotson, Michael R. "Reshaping the binding problem of form and motion vision." Journal of Physiology 585, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.146969.

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Won, Jungyeon, Lan Ying Shi, Wanda Hicks, Jieping Wang, Ronald Hurd, Jürgen K. Naggert, Bo Chang, and Patsy M. Nishina. "Mouse Model Resources for Vision Research." Journal of Ophthalmology 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/391384.

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The need for mouse models, with their well-developed genetics and similarity to human physiology and anatomy, is clear and their central role in furthering our understanding of human disease is readily apparent in the literature. Mice carrying mutations that alter developmental pathways or cellular function provide model systems for analyzing defects in comparable human disorders and for testing therapeutic strategies. Mutant mice also provide reproducible, experimental systems for elucidating pathways of normal development and function. Two programs, the Eye Mutant Resource and the Translational Vision Research Models, focused on providing such models to the vision research community are described herein. Over 100 mutant lines from the Eye Mutant Resource and 60 mutant lines from the Translational Vision Research Models have been developed. The ocular diseases of the mutant lines include a wide range of phenotypes, including cataracts, retinal dysplasia and degeneration, and abnormal blood vessel formation. The mutations in disease genes have been mapped and in some cases identified by direct sequencing. Here, we report 3 novel alleles ofCrxtvrm65,Rp1tvrm64, andRpe65tvrm148as successful examples of the TVRM program, that closely resemble previously reported knockout models.
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