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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Viscous antagonism

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Academic literature on the topic 'Viscous antagonism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Viscous antagonism"

1

Bothwell, Steven W., Daniel Omileke, Adjanie Patabendige, and Neil J. Spratt. "CSF Secretion Is Not Altered by NKCC1 Nor TRPV4 Antagonism in Healthy Rats." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091117.

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Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion can be targeted to reduce elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) antagonism is used clinically. However, supporting evidence is limited. The transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) channel may also regulate CSF secretion and ICP elevation. We investigated whether antagonism of these proteins reduces CSF secretion. Methods: We quantified CSF secretion rates in male Wistar rats. The cerebral aqueduct was blocked with viscous mineral oil, and a lateral ventricle was cannulated. Secretion rate was measured at baseline and after antagonist administration. Acetazolamide was administered as a positive control to confirm changes in CSF secretion rates. Results: Neither NKCC1, nor TRPV4 antagonism altered CSF secretion rate from baseline, n = 3, t(2) = 1.14, p = 0.37, and n = 4, t(3) = 0.58, p = 0.6, respectively. Acetazolamide reduced CSF secretion by ~50% across all groups, n = 7, t(6) = 4.294, p = 0.005. Conclusions: Acute antagonism of NKCC1 and TRPV4 proteins at the choroid plexus does not reduce CSF secretion in healthy rats. Further investigation of protein changes and antagonism should be explored in neurological disease where increased CSF secretion and ICP are observed before discounting the therapeutic potential of protein antagonism at these sites.

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2

Chanda, Riju, Ashis Banerjee, and Nath Roy. "Studies of viscous antagonism, excess molar volumes, viscosity deviation and isentropic compressibility of ternary mixtures containing N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene and some ethers at 298.15K." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 12 (2010): 1721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc090806132c.

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The densities (?) and viscosities (?) for ternary liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide + benzene + an ether were measured as a function of composition at 298.15 K. From experimental measurements, the excess molar volumes (VE), viscosity deviation (??), antagonic interaction index (IA) and Gibbs free energy of activation for viscous flow (?G

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3

Sinha, Anuradha, and Mahendra Nath Roy. "Studies of viscous antagonism, excess molar volume and isentropic compressibility in aqueous mixed solvent systems at different temperatures." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 44, no. 3 (June 2006): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319100600576809.

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Roy, Mahendra Nath, and Anuradha Sinha. "Viscous synergy and antagonism and isentropic compressibility of ternary mixtures containing 1,3-dioxolane, water and monoalkanols at 303.15K." Fluid Phase Equilibria 243, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2006.02.023.

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5

Sarkar, Lovely, and Mahendra Nath Roy. "Investigation on viscous synergism and antagonism prevailing in binary mixtures of cyclohexylamine with isomeric butanols by volumetric, viscometric, refractive index and ultrasonic speed measurements." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 49, no. 2 (March 2011): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319100903538837.

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6

Pradhan, Prasanna, and Mahendra Nath Roy. "Viscous synergy and antagonism, excess molar volume, isoentropic compressibility and excess molar refraction of ternary mixtures containing tetrahydrofuran, methanol and six membered cyclic compounds at 298.15 K." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 49, no. 3 (May 2011): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319100903147886.

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7

Stoeckmann, Tina M., Katherine J. Sullivan, and Robert A. Scheidt. "Elastic, Viscous, and Mass Load Effects on Poststroke Muscle Recruitment and Co-contraction During Reaching: A Pilot Study." Physical Therapy 89, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080128.

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BackgroundResistive exercise after stroke can improve strength (force-generating capacity) without increasing spasticity (velocity-dependent hypertonicity). However, the effect of resistive load type on muscle activation and co-contraction after stroke is not clear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of load type (elastic, viscous, or mass) on muscle activation and co-contraction during resisted forward reaching in the paretic and nonparetic arms after stroke.DesignThis investigation was a single-session, mixed repeated-measures pilot study.MethodsTwenty participants (10 with hemiplegia and 10 without neurologic involvement) reached forward with each arm against equivalent elastic, viscous, and mass loads. Normalized shoulder and elbow electromyography impulses were analyzed to determine agonist muscle recruitment and agonist-antagonist muscle co-contraction.ResultsMuscle activation and co-contraction levels were significantly higher on virtually all outcome measures for the paretic and nonparetic arms of the participants with stroke than for the matched control participants. Only the nonparetic shoulder responded to load type with similar activation levels but variable co-contraction responses relative to those of the control shoulder. Elastic and viscous loads were associated with strong activation; mass and viscous loads were associated with minimal co-contraction.LimitationsA reasonable, but limited, range of loads was available.ConclusionsMotor control deficits were evident in both the paretic and the nonparetic arms after stroke when forward reaching was resisted with viscous, elastic, or mass loads. The paretic arm responded with higher muscle activation and co-contraction levels across all load conditions than the matched control arm. Smaller increases in muscle activation and co-contraction levels that varied with load type were observed in the nonparetic arm. On the basis of the response of the nonparetic arm, this study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that viscous loads elicited strong muscle activation with minimal co-contraction. Further intervention studies are needed to determine whether viscous loads are preferable for poststroke resistive exercise programs.

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Surburg, Paul R. "New Perspectives for Developing Range of Motion and Flexibility for Special Populations." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 1986): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.3.3.227.

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The purpose of this article was to examine techniques that are available to adapted physical educators and therapeutic recreators to enhance flexibility. Based upon current research and literature in the areas of flexibility and range of motion, this article explored theoretical constructs as well as applications of specific techniques. A two-tier model for flexibility enhancement was generated which served as a basis for the development of this article. One tier involved considerations concerning the stretching of collagenous tissue, implications regarding elastic and viscous properties, and new methods for stretching this type of tissue. The other tier incorporated neurophysiological mechanisms, their effect upon agonist and antagonist muscles, and facilitation exercises to improve flexibility.

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9

Gottlieb, G. L. "On the voluntary movement of compliant (inertial-viscoelastic) loads by parcellated control mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 3207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3207.

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1. Experiments were performed to characterize the trajectories, net muscle torques, and electromyogram (EMG) patterns when subjects performed voluntary elbow flexions against different compliant loads. Subjects made movements in a single-joint manipulandum with different loads generated by a torque motor. Some series of movements were performed under entirely known and predictable load conditions. Other series were performed with the same known loads, interspersed, just before movement onset with occasional, unpredictable changes in the magnitude of the load. 2. To move a larger load, subjects increase the impulse (torque-time integral) by prolonging the duration of the accelerating torque while keeping its rate of rise constant. Subjects modulate torque most for inertial loads, less for viscous loads, and least for elastic loads, and modulation is greater under predictable than unpredictable load conditions. 3. Even when the loads are predictable, subjects move large inertial and viscous, but not elastic, loads more slowly than small. Unpredictable changes in load have a larger effect on movement kinematics than do known changes of the same magnitude. 4. Subjects prolong the duration and increase the area of the agonist EMG burst but do not change its rate of rise to move larger, predictable loads. Subjects change the area of the antagonist burst according to the torque requirements of the load, increasing it only for increases in inertial loads. These effects are usually greater for predictable than unpredictable loads but in either case, are highly variable across subjects. 5. Predictable loads that slow the movements delay the onset of the antagonist burst. When changes in load are unpredictable, only inertial changes affect antagonist latency. 6. The initial change in muscle force when there is an unexpected change in the external load is due to the viscous properties of muscle tissue. Electromyographic evidence of reflex changes in muscle activation follow this intrinsic mechanical response by 50-70 ms. Elastic neuromuscular properties may also be important but only late in the movement as the final position is approached. 7. We propose that the central command for a voluntary movement should be described by three elements. The first element (alpha) specifies the muscle activation pattern expected to generate dynamic forces adequate and appropriate to produce a satisfactory trajectory. This feed-forward control program uses simple rules, based on an internal model of task dynamics constructed from prior experience. The second element (lambda) is a kinematic plan or reference trajectory utilizing the negative feedback of reflex action to partially compensate for errors in alpha or for unexpected perturbations during the movement. It defines the locus of a moving, instantaneous equilibrium position of the limb, a “template” for the intended trajectory. As movements become slower and require smaller dynamic (velocity and acceleration dependent) forces, lambda will become the dominant control signal. It is also used for correction and updating of the internal model used to generate alpha. The third element (gamma) modulates volitional set, the degree and manner in which multiple reflex mechanisms can contribute to the muscle activation patterns if the actual trajectory deviates from the planned one. Reflex mechanisms work in parallel with intrinsic muscle compliance to provide partial adaptation of neuromuscular system dynamics to external load dynamics. These controlled compliant mechanisms maintain the stability of the motor system, without which both posture and movement would not be possible.

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10

Shimazu, Yoshiaki, Kensuke Tono, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Yasuaki Yamanaka, Takanori Nakane, Chihiro Mori, Kanako Terakado Kimura, et al. "High-viscosity sample-injection device for serial femtosecond crystallography at atmospheric pressure." Journal of Applied Crystallography 52, no. 6 (October 17, 2019): 1280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719012846.

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A sample-injection device has been developed at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free-Electron Laser (SACLA) for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) at atmospheric pressure. Microcrystals embedded in a highly viscous carrier are stably delivered from a capillary nozzle with the aid of a coaxial gas flow and a suction device. The cartridge-type sample reservoir is easily replaceable and facilitates sample reloading or exchange. The reservoir is positioned in a cooling jacket with a temperature-regulated water flow, which is useful to prevent drastic changes in the sample temperature during data collection. This work demonstrates that the injector successfully worked in SFX of the human A2A adenosine receptor complexed with an antagonist, ZM241385, in lipidic cubic phase and for hen egg-white lysozyme microcrystals in a grease carrier. The injection device has also been applied to many kinds of proteins, not only for static structural analyses but also for dynamics studies using pump–probe techniques.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Viscous antagonism"

1

Riju, Chanda. "Study on viscons synergy and antagonism and various interactions prevailing in mono, binary and ternary solvent systems." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1305.

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Sinha, Biswajit. "Physico-chemical investigation on various interactions in 1,4-dioxane and its binary systems and viscous antagonism and synergism prevailing in some solvent media." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/706.

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Sarkar, Lovely. "Physico-chemical studies on various interactions in some industrial solvent systems and viscous synergy and antagonism prevailing in liquid mixtures." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1418.

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4

Sinha, Anuradha. "Investigation on viscous synergy and antagonism of some liquid mixtures and ion-solvent interaction of some compounds in various solvent systems." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/705.

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