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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Song, Han-Feng, Run-Qian Huang, and Shao-Lan Bi. "A Model for Contact Binary Systems." Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 7, no. 4 (August 2007): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-9271/7/4/10.

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2

Hale, Barbara N., and Gerald Wilemski. "A scaled nucleation model for ideal binary systems." Chemical Physics Letters 305, no. 3-4 (May 1999): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00365-6.

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3

MÜNSTER, GERNOT. "INTERFACE TENSIONS OF BINARY SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 03, no. 05 (October 1992): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183192000543.

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In liquid mixtures or analogous binary systems at low temperatures the pure phases may coexist, separated by an interface. The interface tension vanishes according to σ=σ0(1−T/Tc)µ as the temperature T approaches the critical point from below. Similarly the correlation length diverges as ξ=ξ0(T/Tc−1)−ν. For three-dimensional systems the dimensionless product R=σ0(ξ0)2 is universal. This and related universal quantities are investigated by means of a semiclassical expansion in the framework of Φ4 theory, as well as by Monte Carlo calculations in the three-dimensional Ising model.

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4

Romero-Serrano, Antonio, and Arthur D. Pelton. "Extensions of a structural model for binary silicate systems." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 26, no. 2 (April 1995): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02660973.

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5

Retter, Alon, Alexander Liu, and Marc Bos. "Precessing accretion discs in binary systems." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 193 (2004): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100011003.

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AbstractSuperhumps – quasi-periodic oscillations at periods a few percent different than the orbital periods – have been observed in several dozen binary systems of various types. It is well-accepted now that they are caused by the precession of the accretion disc. New findings on TV Col, TX Col and V4742 Sgr are presented. These cataclysmic variables (CVs) have exceptional precessing periods that cast strong doubt on the predictions of the Tidal Disc Instability model.

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6

Lin, Chih-Chen, Leo Mark, Timos Sellis, and Christos Faloutsos. "Performance issues in the binary relationship model." Data & Knowledge Engineering 4, no. 3 (September 1989): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(89)90020-7.

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7

Fei, Xinyu, Lucas T. Brady, Jeffrey Larson, Sven Leyffer, and Siqian Shen. "Binary Control Pulse Optimization for Quantum Systems." Quantum 7 (January 4, 2023): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-01-04-892.

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Quantum control aims to manipulate quantum systems toward specific quantum states or desired operations. Designing highly accurate and effective control steps is vitally important to various quantum applications, including energy minimization and circuit compilation. In this paper we focus on discrete binary quantum control problems and apply different optimization algorithms and techniques to improve computational efficiency and solution quality. Specifically, we develop a generic model and extend it in several ways. We introduce a squared L2-penalty function to handle additional side constraints, to model requirements such as allowing at most one control to be active. We introduce a total variation (TV) regularizer to reduce the number of switches in the control. We modify the popular gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) algorithm, develop a new alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to solve the continuous relaxation of the penalized model, and then apply rounding techniques to obtain binary control solutions. We propose a modified trust-region method to further improve the solutions. Our algorithms can obtain high-quality control results, as demonstrated by numerical studies on diverse quantum control examples.

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8

Jardine, M., H. R. Allen, and A. M. T. Pollock. "Magnetic annihilation in colliding-wind binary systems." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 163 (1995): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900202611.

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We investigate the possibility that a stagnation-point magnetic reconnection model may account for the particle acceleration necessary for the generation of nonthermal radio emission in the Wolf-Rayet binary systems exemplified by WR140.

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9

Rebollo Paz, Maria Berta, Adrian Hugo Buep, and Maximo Baron. "Dielectric properties of binary systems 8. Improved model for alcohol/non polar systems." Journal of Molecular Liquids 38, no. 3-4 (October 1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7322(88)80020-5.

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10

Tiwari, Asim, and Brahma Deo. "Cell Model for Calculation of Activities in Binary Oxide Systems." ISIJ International 35, no. 9 (1995): 1141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.35.1141.

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11

Prochaska, Krystyna. "ADSORPTION OF EXTRACTANTS AND MODIFIERS IN MIXED BINARY MODEL SYSTEMS." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 14, no. 6 (November 1996): 1057–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299608918382.

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12

Forster, Robert J., and Larry R. Faulkner. "Kinetic Separation of Faradaic Currents: Binary Monolayers as Model Systems." Analytical Chemistry 67, no. 7 (April 1995): 1232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00103a014.

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13

Davis, Michael I. "Four-segment composition model analyses of binary alkanol—water systems." Thermochimica Acta 90 (August 1985): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(85)87109-4.

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14

Al-Wardat, M. A. "Model atmosphere parameters of the binary systems COU1289 and COU1291." Astronomische Nachrichten 328, no. 1 (January 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200510676.

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15

Lunácek, J. "Application of the Thermodynamic Solution Model of Dilute Binary Systems." physica status solidi (a) 163, no. 2 (October 1997): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(199710)163:2<369::aid-pssa369>3.0.co;2-6.

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16

Luňáček, J. "Application of the Thermodynamic Solution Model of Dilute Binary Systems." physica status solidi (a) 164, no. 2 (December 1997): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(199712)164:2<665::aid-pssa665>3.0.co;2-7.

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17

Davis, Michael I. "Tests of the four-segment model for binary hydroorganic systems." Thermochimica Acta 89 (July 1985): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(85)85505-2.

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18

Haghtalab, Ali, and Marzieh Joda. "Gex-Model Using Local Area Fraction for Binary Electrolyte Systems." International Journal of Thermophysics 28, no. 3 (August 18, 2007): 876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-007-0211-1.

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19

Desai, Malina, Juan Diego Draxl Giannoni, Camille Dunning, Luke McDermott, Christian Aganze, Christopher A. Theissen, and Adam J. Burgasser. "Identifying Ultracool Binary Systems using Machine Learning Methods." Research Notes of the AAS 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/acb54a.

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Abstract Ultracool spectral binaries are unresolved pairs of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs revealed by peculiarities in their combined light spectra. Methods to identify these systems have relied on spectral indices, which have known selection biases. We report on a pilot study examining the application of machine learning methods to identify ultracool spectral binaries. Using a sample of single and binary templates constructed from low-resolution, near-infrared spectra, we trained a random forest model to identify binaries composed of M7–L7 primaries and T1–T8 secondaries. We find that uniform data preparation and balancing of the training sample are critical to building an effective model. Our model achieves precisions of ≥95%, confirms known spectral binaries, and identifies new spectral features sensitive to multiplicity, illustrating the utility of machine learning methods to identify these rare systems.

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20

Mark, Leo. "Defining views in the Binary Relationship Model." Information Systems 12, no. 3 (January 1987): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(87)90006-8.

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21

ROOS, W. D., G. J. OLIVIER, and J. J. TERBLANS. "ESTIMATING THE SEGREGATION ENERGIES IN Cu BINARY SYSTEMS." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 04 (August 2007): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010068.

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The segregation energy of diluted species in a matrix can be calculated by first principles. These calculations are generally very computational demanding. The existing empirical models which use the difference in surface tensions to predict the segregation energy are limited, because they do not take the surface orientation of the matrix into account. In this investigation a model was developed which can estimate the segregation energies of segregating species in a binary system. The model makes use of the sublimation energies and takes the orientation of the surface into account. The model shows that the driving force for segregation is not the difference in surface tensions (between the surface tension of the pure element and the surface tension of the element in the alloy) but the difference in surface energies. The results of the calculations were used to simulate the Ag and Sb segregation to the (111) surface of copper.

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22

Sweatman, W. L. "Full Ionisation in Binary-Binary Scattering." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S246 (September 2007): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308015652.

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AbstractEncounters between binary stars and single stars and between binary stars and other binary stars play a key role in the dynamics of dense stellar systems. In the simple model, in which stars are approximated by point masses, a number of theoretical and numerical results are known. In particular there exist relationships to help to describe the destruction process of binary stars (ionisation) through three-body encounters between binary and single stars. Here we extend these results to the four-body case involving encounters between pairs of binary stars that lead to a disruption of the binaries into single stars.

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23

Novik, Keir E., and Peter V. Coveney. "Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics to Model Binary Immiscible Fluids." International Journal of Modern Physics C 08, no. 04 (August 1997): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183197000783.

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We investigate the domain growth and phase separation of two-dimensional binary immiscible fluid systems using dissipative particle dynamics. Our results are compared with similar simulations using other techniques, and we conclude that dissipative particle dynamics is a promising method for simulating these systems.

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24

Franchini, Alessia, Rebecca G. Martin, and Stephen H. Lubow. "Multiplanet disc interactions in binary systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 4 (November 22, 2019): 5351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3175.

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ABSTRACT We investigate the evolution of a multiplanet–disc system orbiting one component of a binary star system. The planet–disc system is initially coplanar but misaligned to the binary orbital plane. The planets are assumed to be giants that open gaps in the disc. We first study the role of the disc in shaping the mutual evolution of the two planets using a secular model for low initial tilt. In general, we find that the planets and the disc do not remain coplanar, in agreement with previous work on the single planet case. Instead, the planets and the disc undergo tilt oscillations. A high-mass disc between the two planets causes the planets and the disc to nodally precess at the same average rate but they are generally misaligned. The amplitude of the tilt oscillations between the planets is larger while the disc is present. We then consider higher initial tilts using hydrodynamical simulations and explore the possibility of the formation of eccentric Kozai–Lidov (KL) planets. We find that the inner planet’s orbit undergoes eccentricity growth for a large range of disc masses and initial misalignments. For a low disc mass and large initial misalignment, both planets and the disc can undergo KL oscillations. Furthermore, we find that sufficiently massive discs can cause the inner planet to increase its inclination beyond 90° and therefore to orbit the binary in a retrograde fashion. The results have important implications for the explanation of very eccentric planets and retrograde planets observed in multiplanet systems.

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25

Eggl, Siegfried, Nikolaos Georgakarakos, and Elke Pilat-Lohinger. "Dynamics and Habitability in Binary Star Systems." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S310 (July 2014): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314007820.

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AbstractDetermining planetary habitability is a complex matter, as the interplay between a planet's physical and atmospheric properties with stellar insolation has to be studied in a self consistent manner. Standardized atmospheric models for Earth-like planets exist and are commonly accepted as a reference for estimates of Habitable Zones. In order to define Habitable Zone boundaries, circular orbital configurations around main sequence stars are generally assumed. In gravitationally interacting multibody systems, such as double stars, however, planetary orbits are forcibly becoming non circular with time. Especially in binary star systems even relatively small changes in a planet's orbit can have a large impact on habitability. Hence, we argue that a minimum model for calculating Habitable Zones in binary star systems has to include dynamical interactions.

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26

Wróbel, Marek, and Andriy Burbelko. "A Diffusion Model of Binary Systems Controlled by Chemical Potential Gradient." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 6, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2022.6.2.39.

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The paper presents a model of diffusion in a single phase with chemical potential gradient as the driving force of the process. Fick’s laws are strictly empirical and the assumption that the concentration gradients are the driving forces of diffusion is far from precise. Instead, the gradient of chemical potential μi of component i is the real driving force. The matter of governing equations of models that incorporate this approach will be raised and discussed in this article. One of more important features is the ability to acquire results where diffusion against the concentration gradient may occur. The presented model uses the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and employs the CALPHAD method to obtain chemical potentials. The calculations of chemical potential are carried out for instant conditions – temperature and composition – in the entire task domain by Thermo-Calc via a TQ-Interface. Then the heterogeneity of chemical potentials is translated into mass transfer for each individual element. Calculations of two modelling tasks for one-dimension diffusion field were carried out. First: isothermal conditions with linear initial composition distribution and second: constant temperature gradient with uniform chemical composition in the specimen. Results for two binary solid solutions: Fe-C and Fe-Si, in the FCC phase for the given tasks will be presented. Modelling allows us to estimate the time needed to reach a desired state in a particular equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state. It also shows the path of the composition change during the process. This can be used to determine whether the system at some point is getting close to the formation of another phase due to significant deviation from its initial conditions.

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27

Parkin, E. R., and J. M. Pittard. "A 3D dynamical model of the colliding winds in binary systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 388, no. 3 (August 11, 2008): 1047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13511.x.

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28

Zhou, Mi, Xigang Yuan, Yahui Zhang, and K. T. Yu. "Local Composition Based Maxwell–Stefan Diffusivity Model for Binary Liquid Systems." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 31 (July 23, 2013): 10845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie4010157.

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29

Salvador, J. R., T. Alamo, D. R. Ramirez, and D. Muñoz de la Peña. "Model predictive control of partially fading memory systems with binary inputs." Journal of Process Control 64 (April 2018): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2018.02.006.

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30

Ferrari, Fabio, Michèle Lavagna, and Kathleen C. Howell. "Dynamical model of binary asteroid systems through patched three-body problems." Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 125, no. 4 (April 4, 2016): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10569-016-9688-x.

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31

Laaksonen, Ari, and Markku Kulmala. "An explicit cluster model for binary nuclei in water–alcohol systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 95, no. 9 (November 1991): 6745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.461513.

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32

Khosroshahi, Elmira Fanaei, Amir Heydari, Behruz Mirzayi, and Amir Nasser Shamkhali. "A model to calculate concentration-dependent surface tension of binary systems." Fluid Phase Equilibria 423 (September 2016): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2016.04.007.

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33

Ferreira, G. D., and A. S. Bretas. "A nonlinear binary programming model for electric distribution systems reliability optimization." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 43, no. 1 (December 2012): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.05.070.

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34

Li, Buqiang, and Jufu Fu. "Quasi-lattice model of liquid—liquid interfacial tension for binary systems." Fluid Phase Equilibria 64 (January 1991): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(91)90009-v.

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35

Kuus, M., H. Kirss, E. Siimer, and L. Kudryavtseva. "APPLICATION OF THE UNIFAC MODEL TO BINARY SYSTEMS CONTAINING AROMA COMPOUNDS." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Chemistry 41, no. 2 (1992): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/chem.1992.2.03.

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36

Zander, Roland, Michael Dittmann, and Gerhard M. Schneider. "Dissipative Structures in Demixing Binary Liquid Systems." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1990): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-11-1213.

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AbstractThe demixing of a horizontal fluid layer of far-critical composition in the presence of a vertical temperature gradient can cause the formation of dissipative structures and thereby lead to a regular distribution of the precipitate. The occurrence of these convective structures is explained with the model of a Rayleigh-Benard instability (RBI) which is driven by parallel gradients of temperature and concentration. The distribution of the precipitate is a synergetic effect of the macroscopic convective pattern and the local action of the Marangoni flow at the surfaces of the drops. If boundary conditions prohibit an RBI, the distribution of the precipitate also becomes inhomogeneous in course of time; however, in this case no regular pattern is observable and the inhomogeneities develop mainly due to the Marangoni convection near the surfaces of the larger drops that have settled at the boundary of the sample volume

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37

Olsson, Henrik, and Leo Poom. "The Noisy Cue Abstraction Model is Equivalent to the Multiplicative Prototype Model." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 3 (June 2005): 819–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.3.819-820.

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38

Robitzsch, Alexander. "Regularized Mixture Rasch Model." Information 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13110534.

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The mixture Rasch model is a popular mixture model for analyzing multivariate binary data. The drawback of this model is that the number of estimated parameters substantially increases with an increasing number of latent classes, which, in turn, hinders the interpretability of model parameters. This article proposes regularized estimation of the mixture Rasch model that imposes some sparsity structure on class-specific item difficulties. We illustrate the feasibility of the proposed modeling approach by means of one simulation study and two simulated case studies.

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39

Cheng, Lihong, Lei Feng, and Zhiwu Li. "Model abstraction for discrete-event systems by binary linear programming with applications to manufacturing systems." Science Progress 104, no. 3 (July 2021): 003685042110308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211030833.

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Model abstraction for finite state automata is helpful for decreasing computational complexity and improving comprehensibility for the verification and control synthesis of discrete-event systems (DES). Supremal quasi-congruence equivalence is an effective method for reducing the state space of DES and its effective algorithms based on graph theory have been developed. In this paper, a new method is proposed to convert the supremal quasi-congruence computation into a binary linear programming problem which can be solved by many powerful integer linear programming and satisfiability (SAT) solvers. Partitioning states to cosets is considered as allocating states to an unknown number of cosets and the requirement of finding the coarsest quasi-congruence is equivalent to using the least number of cosets. The novelty of this paper is to solve the optimal partitioning problem as an optimal state-to-coset allocation problem. The task of finding the coarsest quasi-congruence is equivalent to the objective of finding the least number of cosets. Then the problem can be solved by optimization methods, which are respectively implemented by mixed integer linear programming (MILP) in MATLAB and binary linear programming (BLP) in CPLEX. To reduce the computation time, the translation process is first optimized by introducing fewer decision variables and simplifying constraints in the programming problem. Second, the translation process formulates a few techniques of converting logic constraints on finite automata into binary linear constraints. These techniques will be helpful for other researchers exploiting integer linear programming and SAT solvers for solving partitioning or grouping problems. Third, the computational efficiency and correctness of the proposed method are verified by two different solvers. The proposed model abstraction approach is applied to simplify the large-scale supervisor model of a manufacturing system with five automated guided vehicles. The proposed method is not only a new solution for the coarsest quasi-congruence computation, but also provides us a more intuitive understanding of the quasi-congruence relation in the supervisory control theory. A future research direction is to apply more computationally efficient solvers to compute the optimal state-to-coset allocation problem.

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40

Zhao, Lincheng, Chaofeng Kou, and Yaohua Wu. "Maximum Score Change-Point Estimation in Binary Response Model." Journal of Systems Science and Complexity 19, no. 3 (September 2006): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11424-006-0386-8.

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41

Nelson, Andrew F. "Observations of Binary Systems Found in Numerical Simulations." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 202 (2004): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900217920.

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I present a two dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of a binary system consisting of two stars, each with a circumstellar disk, using a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) code. I model the luminous output of this system in various millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelength bands appropriate for several new and soon to be on line interferometric telescopes and find that spiral structure present in the density structure of the disks will be difficult or impossible to observe in the observed emission from the system, due to the fact that disk photosphere temperatures are not very sensitive to the underlying density distribution.

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42

Lei, Yuqing, and Alec Solway. "Conflict and competition between model-based and model-free control." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): e1010047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010047.

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A large literature has accumulated suggesting that human and animal decision making is driven by at least two systems, and that important functions of these systems can be captured by reinforcement learning algorithms. The “model-free” system caches and uses stimulus–value or stimulus–response associations, and the “model-based” system implements more flexible planning using a model of the world. However, it is not clear how the two systems interact during deliberation and how a single decision emerges from this process, especially when they disagree. Most previous work has assumed that while the systems operate in parallel, they do so independently, and they combine linearly to influence decisions. Using an integrated reinforcement learning/drift-diffusion model, we tested the hypothesis that the two systems interact in a non-linear fashion similar to other situations with cognitive conflict. We differentiated two forms of conflict: action conflict, a binary state representing whether the systems disagreed on the best action, and value conflict, a continuous measure of the extent to which the two systems disagreed on the difference in value between the available options. We found that decisions with greater value conflict were characterized by reduced model-based control and increased caution both with and without action conflict. Action conflict itself (the binary state) acted in the opposite direction, although its effects were less prominent. We also found that between-system conflict was highly correlated with within-system conflict, and although it is less clear a priori why the latter might influence the strength of each system above its standard linear contribution, we could not rule it out. Our work highlights the importance of non-linear conflict effects, and provides new constraints for more detailed process models of decision making. It also presents new avenues to explore with relation to disorders of compulsivity, where an imbalance between systems has been implicated.

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43

Wang, Hai-Shuo, and Xi-Yun Hou. "Break-up of the synchronous state of binary asteroid systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 4 (June 2, 2021): 6037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1585.

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ABSTRACT This paper continues the authors’ previous work and presents a coplanar averaged ellipsoid–ellipsoid model of synchronous binary asteroid system (BAS) plus thermal and tidal effects. Using this model, we analyse the break-up mechanism of the synchronous BAS. Different from the classical spin-orbit coupling model that neglects the rotational motion’s influence on the orbital motion, our model considers simultaneously the orbital motion and the rotational motions. Our findings are as follows: (1) Stable region of the secondary’s synchronous state is mainly up to the secondary’s shape. The primary’s shape has little influence on it. (2) The stable region shrinks continuously with the increasing value of the secondary’s shape parameter aB/bB. Beyond the value of $a_B/b_B=\sqrt{2}$, the planar stable region for the secondary’s synchronous rotation is small but not zero. (3) Considering the BYORP torque, our model shows agreement with the 1-degree-of-freedom adiabatic invariance theory in the outwards migration process, but an obvious difference in the inwards migration process. In particular, our studies show that the so-called ‘long-term’ stable equilibrium between the BYORP torque and the tidal torque is never a real equilibrium state, although the BAS can be captured in this state for quite a long time. (4) In case that the primary’s angular velocity gradually reduces due to the YORP effect, the secondary’s synchronous state may be broken when the primary’s rotational motion crosses some major spin-orbit resonances.

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44

Kwok, Sun. "Wind Accretion and Interaction in Long Period Binary Systems." Highlights of Astronomy 7 (1986): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600006407.

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AbstractRecent observations of the class of objects called symbiotic nova are reviewed. They are suggested to be widely-separated long-period binary systems undergoing mass exchange by wind accretion. Their radio, infrared, optical and X-ray properties are explained by a model of interacting winds.

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45

Qian, Yuhua, Jiye Liang, Wei-zhi Z. Wu, and Chuangyin Dang. "Information Granularity in Fuzzy Binary GrC Model." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 19, no. 2 (April 2011): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2010.2095461.

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46

Xingxing, Hu, and Takata Jumpei. "Polarization Study of Gamma-ray Binary Systems." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac273b.

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Abstract The polarization of X-ray emission is a unique tool used to investigate the magnetic field structure around astrophysical objects. In this paper, we study the linear polarization of X-ray emissions from gamma-ray binary systems based on pulsar scenarios. We discuss synchrotron emission from pulsar wind particles accelerated by a standing shock. We explore three kinds of axisymmetric magnetic field structures: (i) toroidal magnetic fields, (ii) poloidal magnetic fields, and (iii) tangled magnetic fields. Because of the axisymmetric structure, the polarization angle of integrated emission is oriented along or perpendicular to the shock-cone axis projected on the sky and swings around 360° in one orbit. For the toroidal case, the polarization angle is always directed along the shock-cone axis and smoothly changes along the orbital phase. For the poloidal/tangled magnetic field, the direction of the polarization angle depends on the system parameters and orbital phase. In one orbit, the polarization degree for the toroidal case can reach the maximum value of the synchrotron radiation (∼70%), while the maximum polarization degree for poloidal/tangled field cases is several 10%. We apply our model to bright gamma-ray binary LS 5039 and make predictions for future observations. With the expected sensitivity of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, linear polarization can be detected by an observation of several days if the magnetic field is dominated by the toroidal magnetic field. If the magnetic field is dominated by the poloidal/tangled field, significant detection is expected with an observation longer than 10 days.

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Romero-Serrano, Antonio, and Arthur D. Pelton. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Binary and Ternary Silicate Systems by a Structural Model." ISIJ International 39, no. 5 (1999): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.399.

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Meijer, Paul H. E., and Marek Napiórkowski. "The three‐state lattice gas as model for binary gas–liquid systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 86, no. 10 (May 15, 1987): 5771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452505.

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Parkin, E. R., and J. M. Pittard. "Erratum: A 3D dynamical model of the colliding winds in binary systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 403, no. 4 (April 21, 2010): 2176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16523.x.

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Micoulaut, Matthieu. "A simple dynamical model for the description of binary glass-forming systems." Physica B: Condensed Matter 226, no. 4 (August 1996): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(96)00460-7.

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