Relevant bibliographies by topics / Viruses – Reproduction

Academic literature on the topic 'Viruses – Reproduction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Viruses – Reproduction"

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Bagirova, A. A., I. M. Guseynova, M. F. Gafar-Zade, and H. M. Kasumov. "Inhibiting Effect of Macrolide Polyene Antibiotics on Reproduction of Viruses." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 65, no. 1-2 (May 25, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-1-2-54-60.

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The review provides a comparative analysis of the inhibitory effect of macrocyclic polyene antibiotics on the reproductive properties of some viruses of various structures — vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enterovirus, influenza virus, etc. The data on the morphological structure of viruses and on the mechanism of penetration of viruses into cells are presented. The article also provides data on the transcription, assembly of viruses, and inhibition of the process of virus replication in cell cultures in vitro using macrolide polyene antibiotics. On the basis of experimental data for the studied viruses, a polyene antibiotics' blocking mechanism of the process of virus penetration through cytoplasmic membranes and their reproduction in the cell is proposed.
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Aralov, Andrey V., Gleb V. Proskurin, Alexey A. Orlov, Liubov I. Kozlovskaya, Alexey A. Chistov, Sergey V. Kutyakov, Galina G. Karganova, Vladimir A. Palyulin, Dmitry I. Osolodkin, and Vladimir A. Korshun. "Perylenyltriazoles inhibit reproduction of enveloped viruses." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 138 (September 2017): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.014.

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Gumerov, V. G., I. G. Karimullina, A. K. Galiullin, A. M. Plotnikova, N. I. Xammadov, and M. N. Konnov. "FACTORS AFFECTING REPRODUCTION VIRUSES IN CELL CULTURE." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 234, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-234-2-83-87.

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Koelle, Katia, Oliver Ratmann, David A. Rasmussen, Virginia Pasour, and Jonathan Mattingly. "A dimensionless number for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of antigenically variable RNA viruses." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1725 (May 4, 2011): 3723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0435.

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Antigenically variable RNA viruses are significant contributors to the burden of infectious disease worldwide. One reason for their ubiquity is their ability to escape herd immunity through rapid antigenic evolution and thereby to reinfect previously infected hosts. However, the ways in which these viruses evolve antigenically are highly diverse. Some have only limited diversity in the long-run, with every emergence of a new antigenic variant coupled with a replacement of the older variant. Other viruses rapidly accumulate antigenic diversity over time. Others still exhibit dynamics that can be considered evolutionary intermediates between these two extremes. Here, we present a theoretical framework that aims to understand these differences in evolutionary patterns by considering a virus's epidemiological dynamics in a given host population. Our framework, based on a dimensionless number, probabilistically anticipates patterns of viral antigenic diversification and thereby quantifies a virus's evolutionary potential. It is therefore similar in spirit to the basic reproduction number, the well-known dimensionless number which quantifies a pathogen's reproductive potential. We further outline how our theoretical framework can be applied to empirical viral systems, using influenza A/H3N2 as a case study. We end with predictions of our framework and work that remains to be done to further integrate viral evolutionary dynamics with disease ecology.
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Gilmutdinov, Rustam Y., Albert K. Galiullin, Gennady N. Spiridonov, and Pavel V. Sovronov. "Bovine fetal tissue extracts as an alternative to fetal serum for in vitro reproduction of viruses." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700044.

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The authors assessed the possibility of substitution of the serum component with tissue extracts (muscles, liver, kidneys) of bovine fetuses in the culture medium during the cultivation of transplanted LEK and Vero cell lines, as well as the reproduction of infectious rhinotracheitis IR, PI-3 viruses and reovirus on them. The greatest stimulating effect on LEK and Vero cells was obtained from bovine fetuses muscle extract. The effect of this extract on the proliferative activity of LEK and Vero cells is significant and amounts to 27 and 25%, respectively. The power of the effect of liver and kidney extracts is significantly lower and equal, respectively, 15 and 18% for LEK and 14 and 19% for Vero, although it is reliable. The reproductive activity of IR and PI-3 viruses when using tissue extracts was inferior to that when using blood serum. The stimulating effect of blood serum and muscle extract on the reproduction of reovirus was comparable. The effect of fetal muscle extract on the reproduction of IR, PI-3 viruses and reovirus is reliable and amounts to 29, 31 and 33%, respectively. In general, it is close to that of the blood serum of bovine fetuses - 30, 35 and 36%. The power of the influence of the liver and kidney extracts of the bovine fetuses is significantly lower and comparable to that of the blood serum of the cows themselves: 25, 23 and 20%, although it is reliable.
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Krasnopolsky, Vladislav I., Nina V. Zarochentseva, Ksenia V. Krasnopolskaya, Yulia N. Bashankaeva, and Varvara S. Kuzmicheva. "Papillomavirus infection and reproduction." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 75, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn1332.

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The purpose of the review a synthesis of research data on the role of human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive health of women and men. Key Points. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, HPV is the main cause of the development of HPV-associated diseases among both women and men. Viruses are subdivided into HPV with low carcinogenic risk, which cause benign warts, and HPV with high carcinogenic risk, which cause cancer. Different types of human papillomaviruses depending on their characteristic tropism, are divided into skin and mucous types. Viral infection in men leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm (for example, asthenozoospermia) due to apoptosis in sperm cells and due to the development of antisperm immunity. A negative viral effect on the fertility of women is manifested in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages and a premature rupture of the amniotic membranes during pregnancy. There is evidence that HPV decreases the number of trophoblastic cells and abnormal trophoblastic-endometrial adhesion is also observed. In trophoblastic cells transfected with high-risk HPV, the level of apoptosis increases. HPV vaccination is safe, and the results show not only protection against HPV-associated diseases in women and men, but also a reduction of gestational complications, reduced preterm birth rates and the protection of newborns from infection.
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Batukaev, A. A., D. O. Palaeva, and M. S. Batukaev. "Grapes recovery from viruses during reproduction by biotechnological method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 954, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/954/1/012010.

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Abstract Grape regenerant plants obtained from apical meristems were assessed for the presence of the viruses using PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The vast majority of the samples studied for the presence of the most common viruses (Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus – 1 (GLRaV-1); Grapevine yellow mosaic virus; Grapevine vein banding; virus; Grapevine Leafroll Virus; Grapevine stemm pitting) by ELISA showed negative results. Testing of regenerant plants of the Augustine variety clones showed that only one plant out of 80 plants showed a positive reaction to the presence of this virus. Analysis of 80 plants of the Moldova variety clones revealed a positive reaction to the yellow mosaic virus (Grapevine yellow mosaic virus) in 1 plant as well as in the original donor plant (Moldova variety). The rest of the regenerated plants (79 pcs.) were absolutely healthy. PCR analysis showed that the spectrum of fragments of the original genotypes of Moldova varieties (lanes 1–4) and Augustin (lanes 5–8) contained DNA fragments of 450 bps, corresponding to Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis Flavescence doree. In Bart variety (lanes 9–11), no pathogen was detected. Analysis of the spectrum of fragments of grape regenerant plants obtained from apical meristems (lanes 1–4) and Augustine (lanes 5–8) showed the absence of the pathogen Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis Flavescence doree.
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Horas, Elena, Loukas Theodosiou, and Lutz Becks. "Why Are Algal Viruses Not Always Successful?" Viruses 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10090474.

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Algal viruses are considered to be key players in structuring microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles due to their abundance and diversity within aquatic systems. Their high reproduction rates and short generation times make them extremely successful, often with immediate and strong effects for their hosts and thus in biological and abiotic environments. There are, however, conditions that decrease their reproduction rates and make them unsuccessful with no or little immediate effects. Here, we review the factors that lower viral success and divide them into intrinsic—when they are related to the life cycle traits of the virus—and extrinsic factors—when they are external to the virus and related to their environment. Identifying whether and how algal viruses adapt to disadvantageous conditions will allow us to better understand their role in aquatic systems. We propose important research directions such as experimental evolution or the resurrection of extinct viruses to disentangle the conditions that make them unsuccessful and the effects these have on their surroundings.
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Glebova, T. I., N. G. Klivleyeva, G. V. Lukmanova, N. T. Saktaganov, and N. S. Ongarbayeva. "Sensitivity of infl uenza virus strains isolated from various regions of Kazakhstan in 2018–2019 to antiviral drugs." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 99, no. 4 (September 20, 2021): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-4-276-281.

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The purpose of the study was to examine susceptibility of the Kazakhstan strains of infl uenza A/H1N1 and type B viruses, isolated from various regions of Kazakhstan in 2018–2019, to antiviral drugs. Materials and methods. The susceptibility analysis of 20 strains of infl uenza A/H1N1 and B viruses was carried out with chemotherapeutic agents including Remantadine, Tamifl u, Arbidol, and Ingavirin. Viruses were cultured in the allantoic cavity of developing 10-day-old chicken embryos for 48 hours at 36 °C. The hemagglutinating activity was determined according to the conventional method on 96-well plates using 0.75% chicken red blood cell suspension; the infectivity was calculated by the Reed-Muench method. The sensitivity of virus strains to diff erent concentrations of antiviral drugs was evaluated by the level of reproductive suppression of 100 lg EID50/0.2 ml of virus in chicken embryos. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of Microsoft Offi ce Excel 2010 software. Results. A study of sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated heterogeneity of Kazakhstan 2018–2019 infl uenza A and B viruses population on this feature. The sensitivity to Tamifl u was found in all Kazakhstan strains of infl uenza A/H1N1 virus and three type B strains (inhibitory concentration was 0.44–25.38 μg/mL). The reproduction of most viruses was eff ectively inhibited by tamifl u at a concentration of 0.68–3.23 μg/mL. The inhibitory concentration for the three strains of A/H1N1 virus was 7.23–25.38 μg/mL. Remantadin inhibited the reproduction of viruses at higher doses (12.60–25.55 μg/mL). All viruses under study were resistant to Arbidol and Ingavirin. One type B infl uenza virus was found to be weakly sensitive to Ingavirin. Conclusion. The heterogeneity of the infl uenza virus population in their sensitivity to antiviral drugs indicates the need for constant epidemiological surveillance in order to identify drug-resistant variants.
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Ewald, Paul W., and Holly A. Swain Ewald. "The scope of viral causation of human cancers: interpreting virus density from an evolutionary perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1773 (April 8, 2019): 20180304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0304.

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Most known oncogenic viruses of humans use DNA as their genomic material. Research over the past quarter century has revealed that their oncogenicity results largely from direct interference with barriers to oncogenesis. In contrast to viruses that have been accepted causes of particular cancers, candidate viral causes tend to have fewer viral than cellular genomes in the tumours. These low viral loads have caused researchers to conclude that the associated viruses are not primary causes of the associated cancers. Consideration of differential survival, reproduction and infiltration of cells in a tumour suggest, however, that viral loads could be low even when viruses are primary causes of cancer. Resolution of this issue has important implications for human health because medical research tends to be effective at preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Mathematical models may clarify the problem and help guide future research by assessing whether low viral loads are likely outcomes of the differential survival, reproduction, and infiltration of cells in a tumour and, more generally, the extent to which viruses contribute to cancer. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses’.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Viruses – Reproduction"

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Najmabadi, Hossein. "Characterization of the Self-Replicating Kirsten Murine Leukemia Viral DNA: Replication and Tetracycline Resistance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798479/.

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This research project deals with the characterization of self-replicating Kirsten murine viral DNA. The replication of this viral DNA and tetracycline resistance conferred to bacteria by this viral DNA will be studied. The restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analysis revealed a fragment of pBR322 from the Hind III and Pst I site that is located in the 3' end of the MLV-K:E molecule. Single stranded sequencing of the two terminal ends of this fragment verified that the 3' end of MLV-K:E contains identical sequence homology to pBR322. The presence of this pBR322 fragment explains the unusual properties of the MLV-K:E molecule. However, tetracycline resistance is less in E. Coli containing MLV-K:E than E. coli containing pBR322 as determined by zone of inhibition assay. This may be due to alteration in the promoter region of the tetracycline gene.
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Goffin, Véronique. "Etude de la région cis-régulatrice positive associée à un site hypersensible aux nucléases et localisée dans le gène pol du virus HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210907.

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Sekgota, Khethobole Cassius. "Design, development and evaluation of novel lead compounds as HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017926.

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This project has been concerned with the application of the Baylis-Hillman methodology to the synthesis of medicinally important diketo acid analogues (cinnamate ester-AZT conjugates and 3-hydroxy ester-AZT conjugates) as dual-action HIV-1 IN/RT inhibitors; and on exploratory studies in the preparation of 3-(amidomethyl)-(1H)-2-quinolones as PR inhibitors; and (1H)-2- quinolone-AZT conjugates as dual action IN/RT inhibitors. A series of Baylis-Hillman adducts has been prepared, typically in moderate to excellent yield, by reacting 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and methyl vinyl ketone in the presence of 1,4- diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). Subsequently, various transformations that include conjugate addition of primary and secondary amines to the α,ß-unsaturated moiety to obtain 2- (aminomethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-nitrophenyl)propanoate derivatives, effective SN2´ substitution of the BH ß-hydroxy by a Vilsmeier-Haack in situ-generated chloride to afford Baylis-Hillman allyl chlorides, iron in acetic acid-catalyzed cyclisation to 3-acetoxymethyl-(1H)-2-quinolone derivatives were achieved. Thus, using the Baylis-Hillman methodology, two nuanced classes of diketo acid analogues were constructed. These involved conjugating appropriate propargylamine derivatives with AZT using the „click‟ reaction. In an exploratory study, the quinolone derivative, precisely 3-acetoxymethyl- (1H)-quinol-2-one, was transformed into 3-hydroxymethyl-(1H)-quinol-2-one using potassium carbonate in a mixture of methanol and water (1:1). Following successful hydrolysis, the resulting alcohol was transformed to the corresponding chloride, 3-chloromethyl-(1H)-quinol-2- one, using thionyl chloride. Subsequent nucleophilic substitution afforded 3-(aminomethyl)- (1H)-2-quinolone derivatives which were subsequently transformed to 3-(amidomethyl)-(1H)-2- quinolones; and 3-[(propargylamino)-methyl]-(1H)-quinol-2-one as precursors to quinolone- AZT derivatives. All compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, and where appropriate, high resolution MS
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Short, James Roswell. "An investigation into the replication biology of Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004026.

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Tetraviruses are a family of small non-enveloped positive sense RNA viruses that exclusively infect members of the order Lepidoptera. Their replication biology is poorly studied because, with the exception of Providence virus (PrV), tetraviruses are unable to replicate in tissue culture cells. The overall aim of the research described in this thesis was to develop a fundamental understanding of the replication of tetraviruses, focussing on the site of replication within host cells and in particular, the subcellular localisation of the viral replicase. Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (HaSV, Genus: Omegatetravirus) was chosen for this study because it is the only tetravirus for which the cDNAs have been shown to be infectious. In the absence of tissue culture cell lines susceptible to HaSV infection, the approach was to use confocal fluorescence microscopy to examine the subcellular localisation of the HaSV replicase fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in mammalian and insect tissue culture cells. The replicase (with EGFP fused at its C-terminus) localised to punctate structures throughout the cytoplasm of transfected HeLa and Sf9 cells. These structures were then shown – using live cell imaging and time lapse photography – to behave similarly to cellular endocytic organelles and fluorescence partially overlapped with membranes containing the late endosomal marker protein CD63. Biochemical fractionation of Sf9 cells expressing the replicase via a recombinant baculovirus (as well as transfected HeLa and Sf9 cells expressing EGFP-replicase fusion proteins) demonstrated that the replicase was strongly associated with detergentresistant membranes (DRMs) in these cells. Deletion analysis of the replicase coding sequence revealed two regions involved in the generation of the punctuate structures. Firstly, the C-terminal half of the replicase RNAdependant RNA polymerase domain was found to be essential for targeting and the tight association with DRMs while the second region, within the Nterminal 44 amino acids, enhanced localisation through a combination of secondary structural elements and sequence-specific functions. A comparative immunofluorescence study on PrV, which replicates as a persistent infection in an insect midgut cell line, showed that the PrV replicase also localised to punctate structures in the cytoplasm. Biochemical fractionation showed that the replicase was also strongly associated with DRMs. This thesis describes the development of new experimental systems for the study of tetravirus replication biology and the data lead to the conclusion that the HaSV replicase associates with DRMs derived from alternate endocytic pathway organelles.
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Webster, Matthew Paul. "Formal models of reproduction : from computer viruses to artificial life." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501590.

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In this thesis we describe novel approaches to the formal description of systems which reproduce, and show that the resulting models have explanatory power and practical applications, particularly in the domain of computer virology. We start by generating a formal description of computer viruses based on formal methods and notations developed for software engineering. We then prove that our model can be used to detect metamorphic computer viruses, which are designed specifically to avoid well-established signature-based detection methods. Next, we move away from the specific case of reproducing programs, and consider formal models of reproducing things in general. We show that we can develop formal models of the ecology of a reproducer, based on a formalisation of Gibson's theory of affordances.
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Davis, Adam James. "Transcriptional analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection following cell-to-cell transmission /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd2609.pdf.

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Bermingham, Alison. "An examination of NP-P and NP-V interactions within the simian virus 5 (SV5) replication complex." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13882.

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The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms of transcription and replication of the paramyxovirus, simian virus type 5 (SV5). This was initially attempted using reverse genetics techniques and subsequently examining specific viral protein: protein interactions within the replication complex. A cDNA clone encoding a synthetic negative-sense RNA genome analogue was constructed. Reverse genetics techniques were used to attempt to characterise conditions which supported the transcription and replication of this genome analogue, with or without the use of wild-type helper virus but were unsuccessful. During the course of these studies, a number of mammalian cell lines inducibly expressing SV5 proteins were isolated. These cell lines were subsequently used to examine viral protein: protein interactions within the replication complex. When expressed alone, both P and V proteins exhibited diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence and V was also found in the nucleus. However, when NP was expressed alone, it was seen as punctate and granular cytoplasmic fluorescence. The distribution patterns of the proteins changed when expressed in combination. Large cytoplasmic aggregates similar to those at late times in an SV5 infection were seen in cells which co-expressed NP and P. When NP was co-expressed with V, however, NP was partially redistributed to give diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear fluorescence. This showed that both P and V proteins could interact with NP and suggested that V may play a role in keeping NP soluble prior to an ordered encapsidation process. Extracts from these cell lines were then used in a novel protein: protein capture assay and demonstrated that NP could interact with both P and V proteins. NP expressed by the cell line was shown to contained both soluble and polymeric forms of NP. P was shown to bind both forms of NP, while V could only bind soluble NP. Since P and V proteins are amino co-terminal, the site of interaction between P and polymeric NP was predicted to be in the P unique C-terminus. This was strengthened when a P-specific C- terminal mAb was found to block the binding of P with polymeric NP. Deletion mutant analysis in the C-terminus of the P protein showed that the mAb binding site was at the extreme C-terminus of the protein suggesting this is the point of interaction between P and polymeric NP. Possible roles for these protein: protein interactions and implications for the paramyxovirus replication complex are discussed.
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Hui, Kwai-fung, and 許貴鋒. "Induction of epstein-barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle and its cellular consequences in EBV-positive epithelial malignancies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849575.

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 In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies, the virus is harbored in every tumor cell and persists in a tightly latent form (latency I, II or III) expressing a limited number of viral latent proteins. Induction of EBV lytic cycle, which triggers expression of a much larger number of viral proteins, may lead to therapeutic effects against EBV-associated cancers. We previously found that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor, induced EBV lytic cycle and mediated enhanced cell death in EBV-positive gastric carcinoma cells (latency II). In this thesis, we sought to investigate SAHA’s induction of EBV lytic cycle and its cellular consequences in EBV-associated epithelial malignancies, with particular focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) due to its strong association with EBV and high prevalence in southern Chinese populations. SAHA effected strong induction of EBV lytic cycle in EBV-positive epithelial malignancies, including gastric carcinoma and NPC, as evidenced by strong expression of EBV lytic proteins, replication of viral DNA and production of infectious viral particles. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that up to 70% EBV-positive epithelial cancers expressed EBV lytic proteins following treatment with micromolar concentrations of SAHA. However, SAHA could not induce EBV lytic cycle in NK lymphoma cells (both NPC and NK lymphoma express EBV latency II pattern), indicating preferential viral lytic induction in epithelial rather than lymphoid malignancies. EBV lytic cycle induction in NPC by SAHA required activation of protein kinase C-delta (PKC-) and acetylation of non-histone protein but required neither phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K), MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), c-Jun aminoterminal kinase (JNK) nor p38 stress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Conflicting observations regarding the effect of EBV lytic cycle induction on apoptosis were reported. Thus, we investigated the relationship between EBV lytic cycle induction and apoptosis in NPC following treatment with SAHA. EBV-positive NPC showed a higher percentage of apoptosis and proteolytic cleavage of PARP, caspases-3, -7 and -9 over EBV-negative NPC and greater than 85% of NPC cells co-expressed EBV immediate-early (Zta), early (BMRF1) or late (gp350/220) lytic proteins and cleaved caspase-3. Tracking of expression of these lytic proteins over time demonstrated that NPC proceeded to apoptosis following EBV lytic cycle induction, contrary to the previously reported anti-apoptotic effect of EBV lytic proteins in Burkitt lymphoma. Analyses of cleaved caspase-3 expression upon RNAi knockdown and exogenous expression of Zta further supported that EBV lytic cycle directly led to apoptosis of EBV-positive NPC cells. Interestingly, inhibition of EBV DNA replication and late lytic protein expression by phosphonoformic acid did not impact on SAHA’s induced cell death in NPC, indicating that early rather than late phase of EBV lytic cycle contributed to the apoptotic effect. Finally, in vivo effects of SAHA on EBV lytic cycle induction and tumor growth suppression were observed in NPC tumors established in nude mice. In conclusion, activation of EBV lytic cycle from latent cycle in EBV-positive epithelial malignancies including NPC by SAHA effected apoptosis and tumor growth suppression of the cancer cells and provided experimental evidence for virus-targeted therapy against EBV-positive cancers.
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Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Hui, Kwai-fung, and 許貴鋒. "Activation of lytic cycle of Epstein-barr virus of histone deacetylaseinhibitors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508907.

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Qin, Kun, and 秦堃. "Role of a distinct PA gene for the pathogenicity and replication properties of avian H5N1 influenza virus in mice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43278462.

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Books on the topic "Viruses – Reproduction"

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Abel, Ernest L. Viruses and reproduction: A bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.

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Norwich), John Innes Symposium (7th 1986. Virus replication and genome interaction: Proceedings of the seventh John Innes Symposium. Cambridge: Company of Biologists, 1987.

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Rossum, Clemens van. Cis-acting coding and noncoding sequences in alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs. Leiden: University of Leiden, 1998.

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John, Innes Symposium (7th 1986 Norwich England). Virus replication and genome interactions: Proceedings of the seventh John Innes Symposium, Norwich, 1986. Cambridge: Company of Biologists, 1987.

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Laurent, Berthiaume, and Tremblay Michel 1955-, eds. Virus life in diagrams. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1998.

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Holland, Cheng R., and Miyamura Tatsuo, eds. Structure-based study of viral replication: With CD-ROM. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2008.

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Alan, Cann, ed. DNA virus replication. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Michael, Botchan, Grodzicker Terri, and Sharp Phillip A, eds. DNA tumor viruses: Control of gene expression and replication. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1986.

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Enrique, Catalano Carlos, ed. Viral genome packaging machines: Genetics, structure, and mechanism. Georgetown, Tex: Landes Bioscience/Eurekah.com, 2005.

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W, Compans Richard, Helenius Ari, and Oldstone Michael B. A, eds. Cell biology of virus entry, replication, and pathogenesis: Proceedings of a Glaxo-UCLA Symposium held at Taos, New Mexico, February 28-March 5, 1988. New York: A.R. Liss, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Viruses – Reproduction"

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Yakass, Michael Bright, Bryan J. Woodward, and Osbourne Quaye. "Treating Patients with Blood-Borne Viruses." In Textbook of Assisted Reproduction, 737–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2377-9_81.

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Grande, Giuseppe, and Carlo Foresta. "Male Reproduction: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Assessment." In Practical Clinical Andrology, 161–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11701-5_12.

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AbstractMale infertility may depend by pre-testicular (for example, hypothalamic or pituitary diseases), testicular, and post-testicular (for example, obstructive pathologies of seminal ducts) causes. However, a large proportion (30–60%) of infertile males does not receive a clear diagnosis. In these cases, generally reported as idiopathic infertility, there is a strong suspicion of genetic factors yet to be discovered. Furthermore, male fertility may be influenced by a host of lifestyle risk factors such as environment, nutrition, exposure to infections, and smoking. Therefore, lifestyle and environment risk factors may have a role in many cases of idiopathic male infertility.In this chapter, we focus our attention on these risk factors, discussing three paradigmatic situations of interference between environment/lifestyle and male fertility, thus providing the pathophysiological basis of their detrimental impact on male fertility: exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors, such as perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFAS); exposure to viruses, such as HPV; effect of nutritional status and obesity.
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Serkedjieva, Julia, and Nadya Manolova. "Plant Polyphenolic Complex Inhibits The Reproduction of Influenza and Herpes Simplex Viruses." In Plant Polyphenols, 705–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3476-1_42.

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Varma, Anupam, and Padma Ramachandran. "Replication of Plant Viruses." In Reproductive Biology of Plants, 2–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50133-3_2.

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Rajkhowa, Tridib Kumar. "Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus." In Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses, 285–313. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0402-0_12.

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Thiel, H. J., G. Meyers, R. Stark, N. Tautz, T. Rümenapf, G. Unger, and K. K. Conzelmann. "Molecular characterization of positive-strand RNA viruses: pestiviruses and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)." In Unconventional Agents and Unclassified Viruses, 41–52. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9300-6_4.

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Quayle, Alison J., Florina Haimovici, and Deborah J. Anderson. "Genital Tract Immunity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)." In Reproductive Immunology, 379–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4197-0_39.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya. "Plant Virus Transmission Through Vegetative Propagules (Asexual Reproduction)." In Seed-borne plant virus diseases, 285–305. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0813-6_9.

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Meulemans, G., M. Decaesstecker, and G. Charlier. "Runting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens. Experimental Reproduction Studies." In Acute Virus Infections of Poultry, 179–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4287-5_19.

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Rossi, G., L. R. Fassati, B. Gridelli, M. Colledan, U. Maggi, P. Reggiani, G. Paone, et al. "Reproduction in Hbsag+ Liver Recipients Reproduction After Liver Transplantation for B-Virus Hepatitis." In Drugs and the Liver: High Risk Patients and Transplantation, 73–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1994-8_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Viruses – Reproduction"

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Plotnikova, E. M., I. A. Nesterova, and R. N. Nizamov. "STUDYING THE RESPONSE OF CELL CULTURES TO THE PRESENCE OF CYTOKINES IN THE NUTRITIONAL MEDIUM." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-7-10.

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Currently, a new generation of immunomodulators, cytokines, are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Cytokines are active in very low concentrations, they regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the immune system. Taking into account the high biological activity for cells of animal, plant and microbial origin in vivo and in vitro, we conducted the present studies, the purpose of which was to study the possibility of using cytokines as activators of the metabolism of animal cell cultures in vitro for the reproduction of viruses on them. In the experiments, cell cultures MDBK and BHK-21/13-02 obtained from the collection of cell cultures of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution FSBSI «FCTRBS-ARRVI» were used. Nutrient media were used for growing cell cultures: Needle MEM, solution of Versen, trypsin, Hanks, bovine blood serum (BRS), fetal blood serum (FBMS). As activators of cell metabolism, commercial cytokines were used: IL-3, IL-6, colon-stimulating factor G-CSF produced by Cytokin LLC (St. Petersburg). Stimulating and inhibitory doses of cytokines were experimentally determined and added to media with cell cultures at the rate of 30 to 500 pg/cm3. It was found that among the tested classes of cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) turned out to be the most active, which, when introduced into the growth medium at a concentration of 30-60 ng/cm3, had a metabolism-stimulating effect, providing a proliferation index of MDBK cells by 1.33 times and cell lines VNK-21/13-02 - 1.17 times, respectively.
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Lopes, Gabriela Huang, and Fabiana Lopes Custódio. "Reproductive rights of HIV-seropositive women: Literature Review." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-247.

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The history of the HIV virus in Brazil has led to the creation of a stigma towards the carriers of the virus, associating them with the idea of sexual promiscuity and the "anti-family" image. Thus, HIV-seropositive women are silenced from their plans regarding motherhood, which is much desired in the female universe, in view of the care plan focused on antiretroviral therapies, the use of condoms and the fight against vertical transmission. Therefore, there is a lack of access to their reproductive rights and to a more subjective care linked to the social exclusion of these women. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the knowledge of HIV-seropositive women about their reproductive rights, in order to verify the preconceptional reality faced by them. This is a literature review study of the narrative type. This review was performed using the SciELO and PubMed databases as primary search sources, with articles published from 2002 to 2022, using the descriptors "HIV and maternity", "reproductive rights and HIV". For data analysis, themes related to the reproductive rights of HIV-seropositive women were identified. Thus, the results show that in the last 2 years there has been an increase in HIV infections in women of reproductive age, showing the need for action by health professionals focused on clarifying their reproductive rights. In addition, the advancement of prophylaxis measures, through the use of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care, delivery and administration to the newborn, cesarean section and restriction of breastfeeding through breast milk, have increased the range of reproductive decisions of these women. However, the fear of prejudice, the possibility of exposure of the child, added to the neglect of the institutions resulting from the lack of reproductive planning during the routine follow-up of seropositive women, determine the withdrawal from maternity.
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Wiadnjana, I. G. P., M. R. R. Yanti, and P. A. N. K. Permatananda. "Nutritional Status of Reproductive Women Who Follow Vegetarian Diet in Badung Regency." In The Proceedings of the 1st Seminar The Emerging of Novel Corona Virus, nCov 2020, 11-12 February 2020, Bali, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-2-2020.2302019.

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Лоивская, О. Ю. "Adaptation of a labeled strain of the Aueski disease virus to reproduction in transplanted cell cultures." In Научные основы производства и обеспечения качества биологических препаратов. Армавир: ФГБНУ Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт биологической промышленности, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47804/978-5-89904-0290_2021_87.

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Dobrita, Gabriela, Adela Bara, Simona-Vasilica Oprea, Costin Baroiu, and Dragos-Catalin Barbu. "Mobility, COVID-19 cases and virus reproduction rate data analysis for Romania using Machine Learning Algorithms." In 2022 26th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc55426.2022.9931806.

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Fedorka-Cray, Paula J., R. W. Wills, T. J. Stabel, K. J. Yoon, and J. T. Gray. "Co-infection with S. choleraesuis and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrom (PRRS) virus." In Second International Symposium on Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-409.

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Xia, Tian, Herek L. Clack, My Yang, Ian Marabella, Darrick Zarling, Bernard Olson, Montserrat Torremorell, and Eric M. Lee. "Non-Thermal Plasma Inactivation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PPRS) Virus Aerosols." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icops35962.2018.9575682.

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Li, Peiyang, Jacek A. Koziel, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Steven J. Hoff, Jianqiang Zhang, Ting-Yu Cheng, Wannrat Yim-Im, Myeongseong Lee, Baitong Chen, and William S. Jenks. "Method for aerosolization and collection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): engineering considerations." In 2021 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12-16, 2021. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202100152.

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La, Amy, Qiang Zhang, David Levin, and Kevin Coombs. "Effectiveness of Negative Air Ionization in Removing Airborne Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)." In 10th International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES X). St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/iles.18-070.

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Cheney, Tanya, and L. F. Powell. "Prevalence of Salmonella, Toxoplasma, Yersinia, Hepatitis E and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus in UK pigs at slaughter." In 10th International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-909.

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Reports on the topic "Viruses – Reproduction"

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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.

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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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Zhang, Peter. Reproduction of 'The COVID-19 Pandemic and the $16 Trillion Virus'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-10.48152/ssrp-tyc6-np24.

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Zhang, Peter. Reproduction of 'The COVID-19 Pandemic and the $16 Trillion Virus'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-c638-xc85.

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Kaniewski, Laura, Jason Hocker, Mark Mogler, Matthew M. Erdman, Eric Nelson, and D. L. Hank Harris. Passive Immunization of Piglets with Hyperimmune Plasma Containing Virus Neutralizing Antibodies to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-65.

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Holtkamp, Derald J., James B. Kliebenstein, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Eric Neumann, Hans Rotto, Tiffany K. Yoder, Chong Wang, Paul Yeske, Christine L. Mowrer, and Charles Haley. Economic Impact of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on U.S. Pork Producers. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-28.

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Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.

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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
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Mogler, Mark, D. L. Hank Harris, Matthew M. Erdman, and Kurt I. Kamrud. Replicon Particle Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Provides Partial Protection from Challenge. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-23.

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Putz, Austin M., Clint R. Schwab, Alysta D. Sewell, Nick Serao, Derald Holtkamp, and Jeff Zimmerman. The Effect of PRRS Virus Outbreak on Genetic Parameters of Reproductive Performance in Pigs. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-380.

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López, Hernán, and Alejandra Pérez. La protección de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos en tiempos de Covid-19. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9689202146.

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En Chile actualmente, no existe un reconocimiento normativo intencionado hacia los derechos sexuales y reproductivos dentro de la especialidad que merecen. Sin duda, en el contexto de pandemia y cuarentenas obligatorias que actualmente enfrenta la humanidad a consecuencia del virus SARS-CoV2 que da origen a la enfermedad Covid-19, se presenta un complejo escenario en la protección de los derechos fundamentales, encontrándose mayormente expuestos, amenazados o afectados en su ejercicio.
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Hess, Andrew S., Benjamin Trible, Nicholas J. Boddicker, Raymond Rowland, Joan Lunney, Susan L. Carpenter, and Jack C. M. Dekkers. Factors Associated with Neutralizing Antibody Response in Piglets Experimentally Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1246.

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