Relevant bibliographies by topics / Virus diseases – Chemotherapy

Academic literature on the topic 'Virus diseases – Chemotherapy'

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Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Virus diseases – Chemotherapy"

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Talib Al-Nafakh, Rana. "Epstein–Barr Virus and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq." Journal of Communicable Diseases 55, no. 04 (March 13, 2024): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202364.

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Rollinson, E. A. "Prospects for Antiviral Chemotherapy in Veterinary Medicine: 1. Feline Virus Diseases." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 3, no. 5 (October 1992): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029200300501.

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This paper, which is published in two parts, reviews the literature pertaining to antiviral chemotherapy of viruses of veterinary importance. While early reports in the 1970s referred to the chemotherapy of a number of different RNA and DNA viruses, there was considerable focus in the 1980s, initially on herpesviruses and latterly on retroviruses, particularly in cats. Details are given of the successful treatments of FeLV and FIV, which have been used as animal models for HIV therapy. The high costs of developing and registering a new chemical entity, especially for food species, in which extensive toxicity/residue data are required, is the main reason why specific antiviral compounds are not currently available for veterinary use, although some non-specific immune modulators are now emerging. Concurrent availability of appropriate diagnostic tools is a prerequisite for successful veterinary antiviral chemotherapy, as is a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of virus infections in animals and the development of more sophisticated means of drug delivery, appropriate to both food animal species and companion animals. Additionally, antiviral agents are valuable as research tools per se, as opposed to solely as chemotherapeutic agents.
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Snoeck, R., G. Andrei, and E. De Clercq. "Chemotherapy of varicella zoster virus infections." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 4, no. 3 (August 1994): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-8579(94)90011-6.

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Polsky, Bruce. "Antiviral Chemotherapy for Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_7 (November 1, 1989): S1648—S1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_7.s1648.

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Rice, W. G., and J. A. Turpin. "Virus-encoded Zinc Fingers as Targets for Antiviral Chemotherapy." Reviews in Medical Virology 6, no. 4 (December 1996): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199612)6:4<187::aid-rmv176>3.0.co;2-f.

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FIELD, HUGH J. "The impact of drug resistance upon virus chemotherapy." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 24, no. 1 (1989): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/24.1.4.

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Han, Seung Beom, Hye Jo Shin, Eui Soo Lee, Jae Wook Lee, Nack-Gyun Chung, Bin Cho, and Jin Han Kang. "SEROLOGICAL CHANGES AGAINST HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ACUTE LEUKEMIA." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 11, no. 1 (August 29, 2019): e2019052. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2019.052.

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Background: Vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) after chemotherapy among pediatric patients with acute leukemia is still a debated issue. We investigated HBV immunity before and after chemotherapy and assessed immune response to re-vaccination after chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of children and adolescents aged <19 years requested for vaccination after chemotherapy for acute leukemia to evaluate hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) status before and after chemotherapy and to identify factors related to HBsAb positivity after chemotherapy. Results: Of 89 enrolled patients, 61 (68.5%) with acute leukemia were HBsAb positive before chemotherapy. Of these 61 patients, 48 (78.7%) seroconverted to HBsAb negative status after chemotherapy; there were 76 (85.4%) HBsAb negative patients after chemotherapy. HBsAb positive patients when compared to HBsAb negative patients after chemotherapy had a significantly higher HBsAb positive rate (100.0% vs. 63.2%, p=0.008) before chemotherapy. Following HBsAb testing after one dose of the HBV vaccination, 33 (43.4%) of the 76 HBsAb negative patients seroconverted to a HBsAb positive status. HBsAb positive patients after a single dose of HBV vaccination had a significantly higher HBsAb positive rate at the time of diagnosis compared to HBsAb negative patients (84.8% vs. 48.8%, p=0.001). Conclusions: Based on these results, HBV re-vaccination after chemotherapy is recommended for all children and adolescents with acute leukemia. In addition, further investigation is required to improve the immunogenicity of HBV re-vaccination. Keywords: Acute Leukemia; Chemotherapy; Hepatitis B vaccine; Hepatitis B virus; Child.
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Wainberg, Mark A., Andre Dascal, and Jack Mendelson. "Anti-Retroviral Strategies for AIDS and Related Diseases." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, no. 3 (1991): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/487657.

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The replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other retroviruses consists of four stages: attachment of the virus to specific receptors on the cell surface; uncoating of the viral nucleic acid and conversion to DNA; production of viral RNA and proteins; and assembly and liberation of progeny virus from the cell. Each of these steps represents a potential target for antiviral chemotherapy. Combinations of drugs which act against different steps in the viral replication cycle might be expected to have synergistic potential. Zidovudine (AZT) is the most widely used drug to date for impeding the replication of HIV-1. Although AZT therapy has been reasonably successful, it has not been free from toxicity. In addition, there have been several reports of isolation of AZT-resistant variants of HIV-1.
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Benke, Ashwini Prashant, Ram Krishna, Kiran Khandagale, Suresh Gawande, Poonam Shelke, Somnath Dukare, Sweta Dhumal, Major Singh, and Vijay Mahajan. "Efficient Elimination of Viruses from Garlic Using a Combination of Shoot Meristem Culture, Thermotherapy, and Chemical Treatment." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010129.

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a clonally propagated bulbous crop and can be infected by several viruses under field conditions. A virus complex reduces garlic yield and deteriorates the quality of the produce. In the present study, we aimed to eliminate Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), and Allexiviruses from the infected crop using combination of meristem culture, thermotherapy, and chemotherapy. In this study, seven different treatments, namely shoot meristem culture, thermotherapy direct culture, chemotherapy direct culture, chemotherapy + meristem culture, thermotherapy + meristem culture, thermotherapy + chemotherapy direct culture, and thermotherapy + chemotherapy + meristem culture (TCMC), were used. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect virus elimination, which revealed the percentage of virus-free plants was between 65 and 100%, 55 and 100%, and 13 and 100% in the case of GCLV, SLV, and OYDV, respectively. The in vitro regeneration efficiency was between 66.06 and 98.98%. However, the elimination of Allexiviruses could not be achieved. TCMC was the most effective treatment for eliminating GCLV, SLV, and OYDV from garlic, with 66.06% plant regeneration efficiency. The viral titre of the Allexivirus under all the treatments was monitored using real-time PCR, and the lowest viral load was observed in the TCMC treatment. The present study is the first to report the complete removal of GCLV, SLV, and OYDV from Indian red garlic with the application of thermotherapy coupled with chemotherapy and shoot meristem culture.
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Dorobantu, Cristina M., Christian Harak, Rahel Klein, Lonneke van der Linden, Jeroen R. P. M. Strating, Hilde M. van der Schaar, Volker Lohmann, and Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld. "Tyrphostin AG1478 Inhibits Encephalomyocarditis Virus and Hepatitis C Virus by Targeting Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIα." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 10 (August 1, 2016): 6402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01331-16.

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ABSTRACTEncephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), like hepatitis C virus (HCV), requires phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα (PI4KA) for genome replication. Here, we demonstrate that tyrphostin AG1478, a known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, also inhibits PI4KA activity, bothin vitroand in cells. AG1478 impaired replication of EMCV and HCV but not that of an EMCV mutant previously shown to escape PI4KA inhibition. This work uncovers novel cellular and antiviral properties of AG1478, a compound previously regarded only as a cancer chemotherapy agent.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Virus diseases – Chemotherapy"

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Abdukalykova, Saule. "Cellular and humoral immune responses in birds fed different levels of Arginine and vitamin E." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100753.

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The effects of vitamin E (VE) and Arginine (ARG) on humoral and cellular immunity in chickens were investigated in two experiments. The humoral immunity was measured by antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and maternal antibody titers to the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), while the cellular immunity was studied using the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity test to phytogemagglutinin (PHA) and by counting subpopulations of T-lymphocytes. We used two levels of ARG: normal (NARG, 1.2% in feed) and high ARG (HARG, additional 0.3% in drinking water or 1% in feed in experiments 1 and 2, respectively); and three levels of VE were given: 40, 80, and 400 IU/kg feed in experiment 1, and 40, 80, and 200 in experiment 2.
HARG improved the antibody response to SRBC compared with NARG ( P<0.01 for experiment 1 and P<0.013 for experiment 2) 4 days after injection in both experiments. In experiment 1, the VE80 birds maintained higher antibody titers to SRBC (P<0.001) than the VE40 and VE400 birds 4, 8 and 16 d after inoculation. In experiment 2, the antibody titers to SRBC were higher in the VE80 birds compared with the VE200 birds at days 5, 8, and 12 after inoculation (P<0.001). Maternal antibody titers (log10) to the IBDV were higher in the HARG than in the NARG diet in 17-day-old birds (P<0.001) and higher in the VE80 than in the VE40 birds (P<0.001), yet similar to those of the VE200 birds. No interactions were found between ARG and VE.
Naive birds fed HARG exhibited a higher response than NARG birds (P<0.05) to PHA-P at d 17 and to PHA-M at d 41, but, after a second exposure, high ARG levels did not have an effect. Also, in naive birds, the effects of VE were not significant at d 17, but showed an influence after a second exposure in 41-d-old birds.
The percentage of T-helper (Th) and T-cytotoxic (Tc) cells in the blood of 29-d-old birds were not different between ARG levels (P=0.07 and P=0.06, respectively), but Th cells were higher in the VE80 and VE200 birds than in the VE40 birds, and Tc was higher in the VE80 than in the VE40 birds (P=0.02). The B-cell:T-cell ratio was higher in the HARG than the NARG birds (P=0.01) and in the VE40 compared with the VE80 and VE200 birds (P<0.001). Neither ARG nor VE had an effect on the ratio of Th:Tc cells, nor on the percentage of immature T-lymphocytes.
A combination of high levels of ARG and high levels of VE (80 IU/kg of BW) has an important immunomodulation effect on the cellular and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens, improving both maternal antibody titers against the IBDV and antibody titers against SRBC. A combination of ARG and VE increases the proportions of Th and Tc cells, the B-cell:T-cell ratio, and growth performance. The evidence suggests that ARG and VE play complementary and regulatory role on immune response and may enhance the resistance of broilers to infectious diseases.
Key words. Arginine, vitamin E, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, lymphocyte, ELISA.
L'effet de la vitamine E (VE) et l'arginine (ARG) sur les systèmes hummoraireet cellulaire de l'immunité a était évalué chez la volaille dans deux recherches. Lesystème hummoraire de l'immunité a était évalué en utilisant les paramètres tels que laproduction d'anticorps après une injection des globules rouge provenant des moutons(SRBC) et le niveau d'anticorps maternelle après une infection avec les virus causantla maladie 'infectious bursal disease' (lBDV), tandis que les effets sur le systemcellulaire de l'immunité avaient aussi été évalués en utilisant les paramètres comme'cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity test to phytogemagglutinin (PHA)' et endéterminant la concentration des lymphocytes T. Deux concentrations de ARG avaientété utilisées: normale (NARG, 1.2 % de la diète) et une concentration élevée (HARG,additionel 0.3 % dans l'eau ou 1 % dans les diètes); et 3 concentrations de VE: 40, 80et 400 lU/kg dans les diètes dans la première recherche et 40, 80, et 200 lU/kg dans ladeuxième recherche.
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Peltier, Cécile. "Prévention de la transmission du VIH-1 par le lait maternel au Rwanda et dépistage précoce des enfants infectés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209572.

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Ce travail est réparti en deux parties différentes issues de deux études différentes.

La première partie décrit l’étude AMATA conçue en 2005 au Rwanda, étude prospective basée sur le suivi d’une cohorte répartie en deux groupes d’intervention postnatale. Cette étude avait pour objectif de tester l’hypothèse que l’allaitement maternel (AM) sous trithérapie antirétrovirale maternelle (HAART) pouvait être une prévention aussi efficace que le lait artificiel (LA) afin de réduire drastiquement la transmission du virus VIH de la mère à l’enfant avec une moindre mortalité infantile. Cette intervention permettait de préserver les avantages de l’AM, connue pour offrir une prévention naturelle minimisant les infections graves, en particulier les gastro-entérites et diminuant le taux de malnutrition protéino-énergétique (MPE). Dans la cohorte « AMATA », un groupe d’enfants était allaité exclusivement durant six mois, les mères étant sous trithérapie antirétrovirale systématique et un autre groupe d’enfants était nourri au LA durant les six premiers mois de vie. L’intervention débutait durant la grossesse à partir de la 28ème semaine d’âge gestationnel, une trithérapie antirétrovirale étaient donnée à toutes ces femmes enceintes infectées par le VIH participant à l’étude, quel que soit leur stade immunitaire ou clinique. Cette trithérapie était poursuivie à vie pour les femmes nécessitant cette combinaison de traitements antirétroviraux pour des raisons cliniques et/ou immunitaires et non poursuivie pour les autres femmes, avec un schéma d’interruption minimisant les résistances aux ARVs.

Les critères d’évaluation de comparaison des deux interventions postnatales étaient la survie à 9 mois des enfants non infectés, le taux d’infection par le VIH et la mortalité des enfants dans chaque groupe. La présence de facteurs confondants a été recherchée en effectuant une analyse de variance car la randomisation était impossible pour des raisons éthiques.

Dans l’étude AMATA, parmi les 532 enfants inclus, 227 (43%) étaient allaités et 305 (57%) recevaient du LA, 7 enfants furent infectés par le VIH (1,3%) dont 6 in utero (3 enfants par groupe). Un enfant fut infecté par l’AM correspondant à un risque cumulatif postnatal de 0,5% [IC95% 0,1–3,4%; P 0,24]. Ce taux de transmission reste parmi les plus bas dans un pays à ressources limitées même en comparant avec d’autres études où la trithérapie fut aussi utilisée durant l’AM. Ces études furent publiées après le début de l’enrôlement des patientes dans l’étude rwandaise AMATA en 2005.

La différence de mortalité à 9 mois n’était pas statistiquement différente dans les 2 groupes avec 3,3% (95% IC 1,6–6,9%) pour les enfants allaités et 5,7% (95% IC 3,6–9,2%) pour les enfants recevant du LA (P= 0,20).

Cette étude renforce la notion que l’AM sous trithérapie antirétrovirale (HAART) reste une approche à recommander dans les contextes où la mortalité infantile est élevée. Cette prévention postnatale permet non seulement de réduire très efficacement la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant en préservant les avantages de l’AM et en évitant les risques du LA distribué dans des contextes d’hygiène précaire où un accès à l’eau potable est difficile.

Dans cette étude, l’efficacité de ces 2 interventions postnatales était comparable avec des taux de transmission et de mortalité semblables statistiquement.

La deuxième partie de ce travail, basée sur les résultats d’une cohorte d’enfants âgés de moins de 18 mois nés de mères infectées par le VIH permettait d’évaluer les signes cliniques présomptifs proposés par l’OMS en 2005. Ces signes

étaient créés afin de pouvoir effectuer le diagnostic clinique d’infection par le VIH chez les enfants exposés au virus VIH

dans les pays où les techniques moléculaires de PCR n’étaient pas accessibles. Les enfants nés de mères infectées par le

VIH gardent parfois des anticorps anti-VIH maternels jusqu’à l’âge de 18 mois sans être pourtant contaminés par le VIH/SIDA. Avant cet âge, la confirmation de l’infection par le VIH repose sur la démonstration de la présence d’ADN proviral ou ARN par la technique PCR. La mortalité précoce des nourrissons infectés par le VIH est élevée, il est important de pouvoir bénéficier d’ARVs dès le diagnostic précoce de l’infection.

Les signes cliniques de présomption d’infection par le VIH chez l’enfant exposé (sérologie VIH +) de moins de 18 mois ont été proposés en 2005 par l’OMS et modifiés en 2006 mais ne furent jamais évalués.

Cette étude transversale comprenant 236 enfants de moins de 18 mois ayant une sérologie VIH positive consistait à évaluer la sensibilité (76,6%) et la spécificité (52,7%) de ces signes cliniques en confirmant leur statut infectieux réel par le test PCR pour le VIH, test de référence.

Cette spécificité basse inquiétante était liée aux enfants présentant des signes cliniques similaires bien que non infectés par le VIH mais souvent carencés par manque d’apport calorique et/ou souffrant d’une forme avancée de tuberculose extra pulmonaire ou d’autres affections chroniques. Ces enfants cachectiques pouvaient présenter les mêmes signes cliniques que les enfants infectés par le VIH car ils avaient une baisse de leur immunité cellulaire due à la MPE.

Dans la première partie de ce travail, l’étude AMATA a montré 2 façons efficaces de diminuer la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant.

Dans la deuxième partie, on a évalué une méthode de diagnostic clinique précoce proposé par l’OMS afin de détecter les enfants infectés par le VIH en l’absence de test virologique PCR mais la basse spécificité indique la nécessité d’améliorer cette méthode diagnostique.


Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Books on the topic "Virus diseases – Chemotherapy"

1

Challand, Richard. Antiviral chemotherapy. Oxford: Spektrum, 1997.

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Edouard, Kurstak, ed. New vaccines and chemotherapy. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co., 1988.

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Hans-Georg, Kräusslich, Oroszlan Stephen, Wimmer Eckard, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, eds. Viral proteinases as targets for chemotherapy. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989.

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J, Galasso George, Whitley Richard J, and Merigan Thmomas C, eds. Antiviral agents and viral diseases of man. 3rd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1990.

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1940-, Mills John, Corey Lawrence, and Triennial Conference on Antiviral Chemotherapy (3rd : 1991 : San Francisco, Calif.), eds. Antiviral chemotherapy: New directions for clinical applications and research. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice Hall, 1993.

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E, Blair, ed. Antiviral therapy. Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 1998.

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1948-, Sacks Stephen L., ed. Clinical management of herpes viruses. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1995.

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International Symposiumon Pharmacological and Clinical Approaches to Herpes Viruses and Virus chemotherapy (1984 Oiso, Japan). Herpes viruses and virus chemotherapy: Pharmacological and clinical approaches : proceedings of the International Symposium on Pharmacological and Clinical Approaches to Herpes Viruses and Virus Chemotherapy, Oiso, Japan, 10-13 September 1984. Edited by Kono R. 1915-1985 and Nakajima A. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1985.

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J, Dimmock N., Griffiths P. D, and Madeley C. R, eds. Control of virus diseases: Forty-fifth Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology, held at the University of Warwick, April 1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Reisaku, Kōno, and Nakajima Akira 1927-, eds. Herpes viruses and virus chemotherapy: Pharmocological and clinical approaches : proceedings of the International Symposium on Pharmacological and Clinical Approaches to Herpes Viruses and Virus Chemotherapy, Oiso, Japan, 10-13 September 1984. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Virus diseases – Chemotherapy"

1

Griffin, B. E. "Epstein-Barr Virus and Malignant Diseases." In Progress in Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy, 246–61. Paris: Springer Paris, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0918-2_14.

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Faccioli, G. "Control of Potato Viruses using Meristem and Stem-cutting Cultures, Thermotherapy and Chemotherapy." In Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed-Potatoes, 365–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0842-6_28.

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Piette, J., C. Sappey, B. Piret, and S. Legrand-Poels. "Redox Regulation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)." In DNA and RNA Cleavers and Chemotherapy of Cancer and Viral Diseases, 249–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0251-0_17.

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Armand, J. P., E. Cvitrovic, and M. Bachouchi. "Chemotherapy in Undifferentiated Type Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (UCNT)." In Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease • 1990, 417–20. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0405-3_59.

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Chen, K. Y., C. K. Law, K. H. Chi, J. J. Chao, J. S. Jan, Y. P. Wu, C. Z. Lin, P. Chang, C. Y. Shiau, and W. K. Chan. "Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone in Nasopharyngeal Cancer." In Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease • 1990, 421–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0405-3_60.

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Domenge, C., J. L. Marin, J. P. Droz, F. Eschwege, G. Schwaab, and J. M. Richard. "Post-Radiotherapy Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Regionally Advanced UNPC: Increase in Disease Free Survival." In Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease, 491–95. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4590-2_105.

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Corey, L. "Current Status of Antiviral Chemotherapy for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Its Impact on Disease Control." In Perspectives in Antiinfective Therapy, 229–34. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86064-4_29.

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Corey, L. "Current Status of Antiviral Chemotherapy for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Its Impact on Disease Control." In Perspectives in Antiinfective Therapy, 360–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46666-3_30.

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Ayodele, Olubukola, and Lillian L. Siu. "New Drugs for Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 337–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_23.

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AbstractChemotherapy has been the backbone for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RMNPC), which remains an incurable disease. Currently the most active area of therapeutic investigations in RMNPC is in immunotherapy, especially after the results of five anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies, i.e. pembrolizumab, nivolumab, camrelizumab, toripalimab and tislelizumab, have demonstrated monotherapy objective response rates of 21%–43%. Combinations using anti-PD1/L1 antibodies as backbone to evaluate their additivity or synergy with cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted agents, or other immuno-oncology compounds are actively being developed. Besides immune checkpoint blockade, additional ways to modulate the host immune system, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-directed vaccination against viral antigens (such as EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2) with dendritic cells or peptides, adoptive cell transfer of autologous or HLA-matched allogeneic EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CAR or TCR T-cell therapy, personalized cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses are being explored. Finally, novel molecularly targeted agents that have entered human testing in RMNPC include apatinib and anlotinib (antiangiogenic agents), MAK683 (an embryonic ectoderm development or EED protein inhibitor), among others. This review provides an update of ongoing clinical trials evaluating these new compounds in RMNPC.
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Oxford, John, Paul Kellam, and Leslie Collier. "Antiviral chemotherapy." In Human Virology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198714682.003.0031.

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This chapter talks about a number of important virus diseases–such as measles, poliomyelitis, yellow fever, and rubella–which can be kept under very good control with live virus vaccines. However, it is difficult to imagine the development of successful vaccines for many other viruses due to the multiplicity of serotypes, or variability or complexity of their antigenic structure. Other viruses such as hepatitis B and C have chronically infected millions, and vaccines cannot break these established infections: they are only able to prevent new infections in the case of hepatitis B. Finally, some viruses such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, and Zika emerge and resurge very quickly, posing serious difficulties in timely vaccine formulation. The chapter mentions antiviral compounds licensed for use against herpesviruses, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV-1, RSV, and influenza A virus.
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Conference papers on the topic "Virus diseases – Chemotherapy"

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Rabbani, Naila, Paul John Thornalley, Maryam Al-Motawa, and Mingzhan Xue. "Vulnerabilities of the SARS-Cov-2 Virus to Proteotoxicity – Opportunity for Repurposed Chemotherapy of COVID-19 Infection." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0291.

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The global pandemic of COVID-19 disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, has produced an urgent requirement and search for improved treatments whilst effective vaccines are developed. A strategy for improved drug therapy is to increase levels of endogenous reactive metabolites for selective toxicity to SARS-CoV-2 by preferential damage to the viral proteome. Key reactive metabolites producing major quantitative damage to the proteome in physiological systems are: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reactive glycating agent methylglyoxal (MG); cysteine residues and arginine residues are their most susceptible targets, respectively. From sequenced-based prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, we found 0.8-fold enrichment or depletion of cysteine residues in functional domains of the viral proteome; whereas there was a 4.6-fold enrichment of arginine residues, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 is resistant to oxidative agents and sensitive to MG. We examined activated arginine residues in functional domain with predicted low pKa by neighboring group interaction in the SARS-CoV-2. We found 25 such arginine residues, including 2 in the spike protein and 10 in the nucleoprotein. These sites were partially conserved in related coronaviridae: SARS-COV and MERS. We also screened and identified drugs, which increase cellular MG concentration to virucidal levels and found two antitumor drugs with historical antiviral activity, doxorubicin and paclitaxel were the best candidate for repurposing. Our findings provide evidence of potential vulnerability of SARS-CoV2 to inactivation by MG and a scientific rationale for repurposing of doxorubicin and paclitaxel for treatment of COVID-19 disease, providing efficacy and adequate therapeutic index may be established.
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