Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus de la stomatite vésiculeuse'
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Ferlin, Anna. "Characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus of glycoprotein mutants affected in their structural transition." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077262.
Full textThe structure of the pre- and post-fusion of VSV G states have been elucidated by X-ray crystallography,allowing the identification of some amino acid residues which could play the role of pH-dependent molecular switches,triggering the conformational change from the post- toward the pre-fusion state. To confirm this,these acidic amino acids were mutated,creating single(D268L,N,V;D274N;E276Q;D393N;D395N) and double mutants (D274N-D395N,E276Q-D393N). Their expression,folding and transport to the tell membrane were analyzed by immunofluorescence and FACS. A cell-cell fusion assay showed that most of these mutants are affected in their membrane fusion properties. Particularly,mutants D268L/V/N have completely lost their fusion activity. We demonstrated that D268LN are trapped in their post-fusion state whereas the mutation D268N,which results in the creation of an efficient glycosylation, is unable to form the post fusion trimer. All these mutants, except mutant E276Q, do not or very inefficiently pseudotype a virus lacking the glycoprotein gene. Surprisingly,the stabilization of the post fusion trimer precludes G incorporation into the viral particles. We used a reverse genetic approach to produce recombinant viral particles. Most of the mutants immediately reverted toward the wild type sequence indicating the importance of the wild type sequence in this region. These data demonstrate that the residues identified are indeed regulators of G conformational change and that D268 is the major pH sensitive switch. It also suggests that the conformation of G regulates its incorporation in nascent particles and/or the release of viral nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm alter fusion
Baquero, Salazar Eduard. "Etude structurale de la glycoprotéine G du virus Chandipura : identification d'intermédiaires fonctionnels durant la transition structurale associée à la fusion." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077046.
Full textEnveloped viruses enter cells through a membrane fusion reaction driven by conformational changes of viral fusion glycoproteins. Crystal structures have provided static pictures of pre- and post-fusion conformations for several of these glycoproteins but structures of intermediates are unknown. Vesiculovirus glycoproteins (G) form trimeric assemblies both in their pre- and post- fusion conformation. We report here a single crystal structure containing two different states of G which correspond to an early and a late intermediate during the conformational change of the glycoprotein G of Chandipura virus, a vesiculovirus responsible for deadly encephalopathies. In the crystal, the two intermediates are associated to form a fusion loop-exposing flat tetramer with twofold symmetry. Consistent with these data, electron microscopy and tomography show two different intermediates at the viral surface depending on experimental conditions : a flat assembly leading to viral aggregation and a monomeric elongated structure which resembles the late intermediate. All this information and previous rhabdoviruses mutants with so far unexplained phenotypes, allowed us to propose that G dimer or tetramer have a role during membrane fusion. We propose a model for G structural transition that is depicted as a series of events in which, after dissociation of the trimeric prefusion state, the resulting monomers are able to form, on the one hand, a tetrameric assembly in the contact zone with the target membrane, and on the other, outside this contact zone, a helical network of spikes in their post-fusion state. This helical network would be involved in fusion pore enlargement
Duquénois, Isoline. "Modification du tropisme de la glycoprotéine du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire : ciblage de récepteurs d'intérêt." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL098.
Full textThe transfer of vesicles containing cargos toward cells of interest remains a challenge for targeted therapy. Viral fusion glycoproteins having the property of receptor recognition and fusion activity constitute promising tools for this kind of approach. VSV glycoprotein (G) is the most used viral glycoprotein to pseudotype lentiviruses in gene therapy. However, we encounter limits to the use of G: G cellular receptors (from LDLR family) are ubiquitous and expressed at the surface of non-target cells. The work of the team on VSVG/LDLR structure enabled us to identify G mutants that no longer bind the LDLR without affecting its fusion activity. This uncoupling between the recognition of the receptor and the fusion capacity opened up the possibility of retargeting G towards receptors of interest. A chimeric glycoprotein fused with a nanobody directed against the mCherry protein, in N-terminal, of G has been constructed. The insertion of a nanobody in G is deleterious for its activity. Using experimental evolution, we identified two mutations on G enhancing the chimera folding. Remarkably, these mutations improve the folding of chimeric Gs, regardless of the sequence of the nanobody inserted in amino-terminal. Pseudotyped viruses (both VSV and lentiviruses) with these chimeric Gs at their surface show 10 times higher titers with these mutations of optimisation. We then constructed chimeric Gs with several nanobodies targeting the receptor HER2. We introduced the mutations abolishing LDLR recognition in these Gs. Viruses pseudotyped with these glycoproteins only infected cells expressing HER2. We therefore identified G mutations conferring a new tropism of G thanks to the N-terminal insertion of a nanobody. All this work opens the way to personalised targeted therapies
Richard, Nicolas. "Etude de deux nouveaux partenaires cellulaires de la protéine de matrice du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire : la dynamine 2 et CRM1." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077202.
Full textThe vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) matrix protein (M, 229aa, 26kDa) is involved in many steps during the viral cycle. M plays a key role in the assembly and budding of new viral particles. M inhibits the cell's antiviral response. M interacts and hijacks cellular functions like the nuclear pore complex to inhibit RNA's nuclear export and the multivesicular body machinery for budding. A yeast two hybrid screening was realized in the lab with the M protein as a bait to identify new cellular partners. Among all the positive clones, we found two proteins of interest during the viral cycle : dynamin and CRM1. The first one is dynamin. This protein is involved in the pinching of new endocytosis vesicles from the plasma membrane. The flexible amino-terminal part of M interacts with dynamin PH domains. A single mutation on M abolishes interaction with dynamin and reduce virus yield. Adaptation of mutant virus occurs rapidly allowing the isolation of revertants of which the M protein recovered a significant level of interaction with dynamin. We show that M-dynamin interaction inhibits clathrine dependant endocytosis and favours the accumulation of the viral glycoprotein at the plasma membrane thus allowing the formation of assembly platform. The second cellular partner is CRM1. This protein is involved in the export of protein which have : nuclear export signal. A mutation on M that abolishes interaction between CRM1 and M was discovered. This mutation is known to be involved in persistent infections. The M-CRM1 interaction seems to have no effect on M cellular localisation and on the cellular activity of CRM1. The exact role of this interaction remains unclear
Gaudier, Martin. "Etude structurale de la protéine de matrice du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112219.
Full textVesicular Stomatitis Virus, an enveloped virus, infects mainly mammals. As it is nonpathogenic for humans and easy to grow, VSV is used as a model to study the different mechanisms of the infectious cycle. During the last stage of this cycle, VSV acquires its membrane by budding through the membrane of its host cell. The matrix protein, one of the five proteins of VSV, plays a major role in this process. This protein is also involved in viral assembly and nucleocapsid condensation and is responsible for the cytopathogenic effects of the virus. Two biochemical properties have been linked to the assembly and budding functions of the M protein : the protein self-associates and binds to membranes. The present work describes the study of M protein by limited proteolysis that lead to the purification of soluble fragments that were crystallized. We also present the determination of the structure of the M protein by radiocrystallography. Together with studies of membrane association of native and mutants of the protein, the structure helped us to propose a mode of membrane interaction of the protein
Merlet, Philippe. "La gingivostomatite herpétique chez l'enfant." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1431.
Full textMinoves, Marie. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale de la glycoprotéine du virus de la Stomatite Vésiculaire et des Lyssavirus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL068.
Full textVesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), an enveloped virus, is the prototype species of the genus Vesiculovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its G glycoprotein is responsible for receptor recognition, on the host cell surface, that triggers clathrin-mediated endocytosis of VSV. Then, within the acidic environment of the endosome, VSV G undergoes a fusogenic conformational change from the pre-fusion form of G to its post-fusion form, leading the fusion of both membranes. G is also the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Both structures of the pre- and post-fusion forms of the soluble ectodomain of G (i.e. without its transmembrane part) were determined by radiocrystallography. These structures established G as the prototype of class III fusion glycoproteins. However, the organization of the carboxyterminal part of the ectodomain and the transmembrane domain of G, which play an important role during the fusion process, remains unknown. Therefore, we carried out a cryo-electron microscopy study on the complete glycoprotein, directly purified from viral particles, alone or in complex with a monoclonal antibody. This study led to complete the structures of the ectodomain in its pre- and post-fusion conformations. It also revealed that the transmembrane domains are mobile within the membrane. We have also solved two structures of G in complex with a FAb derived from a neutralizing antibody, recognizing both pre- and post-fusion forms of G from several strains of Vesiculovirus. Based on these first structures of a complex between G and an antibody, we could characterize the epitope, identify the key G residues in the interaction and propose a neutralization mechanism. This work significantly increases our knowledge of the structure of G, which is the most widely used glycoprotein in biotechnology for cargo delivery and in gene therapy (by lentivirus pseudotyping).We also initiated a study aimed at characterizing the glycoproteins of Lyssaviruses, a genus also part of the Rhabdoviridae family, and for which rabies virus is the prototype. We produced and purified the ectodomains of several Lyssaviruses, and we were able to obtain a crystallographic structure of the ectodomain of Ikoma virus (IKOV G), which corresponds to a late monomeric intermediate. Several approaches are underway to further characterize this structure. We also carried out a phage display selection of alphaReps directed against IKOV G. Alphareps are artificial proteins binders consisting of helical repeats. 6 out of 11 alphareps are able to bind IKOVG. Complexes of IKOV G with alphareps are currently being characterized. We plan to i) use these tools as crystallization helpers to trap different conformations of G in crystallography or cryo-EM ii) evaluate the potential antiviral activity of these alphareps
Blondel-Maingonnat, Danielle. "Regulation des syntheses du virus de la stomatite vesiculaire dans les cellules de drosophile au cours de l'etablissement de l'etat d'infection persistante." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077014.
Full textObiang, Linda. "Rôles des partenaires cellulaires de la protéine de matrice du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire dans le cycle viral." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077044.
Full textThe matrix protein (M) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a multifunctional 26,6 kDa small protein. M protein plays a key role in assembly and budding processes and is responsible for cellular synthesis shut down, microtubules destabilization and apoptosis. For these reasons, M protein recruits several cellular partners. Among cellular proteins identified so far, we are interested in Nedd4, E3 unbiquitin ligase and TSG101, a component of ESCRT I complex. 2-Yeast Hybrid technique allowed us to identify three news partners for M protein: Dynamin, protein involved in endocytic pathway, LMP2, catalytic subunit of immunoproteasome and Catenin a, that belongs to intercellular junctions. First, we studied the implication of Nedd4, TSG101 and dynamin during late stages of the viral cycle: assembly and budding. We characterized recombinants mutant virus containing matrix protein that does not interact anymore with one or two partners. For that, we developed a new technique to titrate with higher accuracy viral supernatants. We applied this technique for growth curves in different cell type. Our results" suggest that TSG101 plays a role during budding that highlighted with double mutant virus. EM observations indicate that dynamin acts upstream Nedd4. We also showed that some viral particles produced from an infection using virus containing M protein that does not interact with Nedd4 display an aberrant morphology and their M protein is no longer ubiquitinated. After, we started the study of new partners of M protein: LMP2 and Catenin a, previously identified. We expressed these proteins in fusion with GST and we have shown that these buildings were well able to interact with the M, confirming both interactions. Finally we could define residues and domains involved in M-LMP2 and M-Catenin a interactions. Preliminary experiments show that M protein and Catenin a colocalize at level of epithelial cells membrane. An results contribute to a better understanding of the interactome complex matrix protein
Blondel-Maingonnat, Danielle. "Régulation des synthèses virales dans les cellules de drosophile infectées par le virus de la stomatite vésiculaire au cours de l'établissement de l'infection persistante." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376119934.
Full textOgor, Thomas. "Ciblage cellulaire spécifique de l'interféron α pour le contrôle des défenses immunitaires antitumorales." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT001.
Full textIt is widely accepted that a cancer develops when cancer cells escape from the control of the immune system and that harnessing the immune defences in order to reactivate endogenous anti-tumor T cells could be a therapeutic option for full and durable responses.Type I interferon is known for its potent antitumor activity in experimental mouse tumors. Furthermore, it has been shown to be a key cytokine necessary for the efficacy of many anticancer agents targeting not only cancer cells (ionising radiations, cytostatic chemicals, mAbs…) but also the immune system (vaccination, CAR-T cells…). However, its use is no longer considered by the clinician owing to the side effects experienced by the patients. To address this concern, a highly promising technology allowing the design of cell-specific targeted interferon molecules has been developed and the objective of our present work is to generate and pre-clinically evaluate lead compounds. For this, a number of research frontiers must be tackled, these include to answer to the fundamental questions 'where' and 'when' interferon must act in order to exert its antitumor activity either alone or in combination with the above-mentioned therapeutic strategies.The question 'when' is important because it is highly suspected that the relative timing of interferon action and TCR stimulation determines whether the effect of interferon is immunostimulant or immunosuppressive. The question 'where' is evident since it determines the choice of the targeting moiety of the engineered interferons. We know that the action of interferon on dendritic cells is necessary for its antitumor activity but is it sufficient? Is an action on T cells also mandatory? Is an interferon action on tumor cells or stroma cells necessary for attracting effector immune cells?
VIARD, MATHIAS. "Solubilisation et reconstitution de membranes biologiques artificielles et naturelles : - etude d'une sonde fluorescente membranaire, le laurdan, et application a la transition vesicule-micelle. - controle de la solubilisation et de la reconstitution de la proteine g du virus de la stomatite vesiculaire." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066358.
Full textBergeron, Girard Jean-Michel. "Caractérisation des formes plus courtes de la protéine M du virus de la stomatite vésiculeuse." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3077/1/M9458.pdf.
Full textBrito, Rose-Marie. "Effet de l'infection par le virus de la stomatite vésiculeuse sur l'expression du gène du facteur nucléaire kB et sur l'expression de sa sous unité inhibitrice kB alpha." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3614/1/M11634.pdf.
Full textBrassard, Frédérick. "Caractérisation génétique de différents mutants de la stomatite vésiculeuse." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2564/1/M11164.pdf.
Full textMoro, Christian. "Infection par le VSV : la calpaïne est impliquée." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4766/1/M9781.pdf.
Full textGerard, Francine. "Caractérisations biophysiques et structurales du complexe de réplication des Rhabdoviridae." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343710.
Full textL'analyse biophysique montre que P RV & VSV existent sous forme de dimère allongé en solution. L'analyse bioinformatique a révélé une organisation modulaire, confirmé par des études biochimiques et biophysiques de mutants de P RV. La structure du domaine C-terminal de P VSV a été résolue par RMN et montre une homologie celle du C-ter de P RV. La caractérisation de l'interaction entre P et les anneaux N-ARN a révélé l'existence de deux types de complexes N-ARN-P (contenant un et 2 dimères de P par anneau). L'étude par ME des complexes nucléocapsides-P a permis de mettre en évidence un changement de conformation important.
Pour devenir accessible à L, l'ARN viral doit se dissocier localement de N. L'interaction N-ARN-P représente potentiellement une nouvelle cible pour le développement d'antiviraux.