Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus de l'hépatite B – Morphogenèse'
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Le, Duff Yann. "Etude de déterminants d'entrée virale et de morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077232.
Full textThe budding mechanism of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is entirely dépendent on its envelope proteins. These proteins form oligomers and spontaneously bud into the lumen of the endoplasmic réticulum (ER), mainly as empty subviral particles that are secreted in large quantities by infected cells. The envelope proteins occasionally recruit HBV nucleocapsids leading to the formation of complete virions also called Dane particles. Ribonucleoproteins of the Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) take advantage of this unusal budding mechanism: they bind to the envelope proteins and are secreted as HDV virions. There are three HBV envelope proteins: the small protein S-AgHBs, the medium protein M-AgHBs, and the large protein L-AgHBs. They share a common C-terminal domain but the size of their N-terminal domains differs. The S protein contains only the S domain, while the M and the L proteins consist respectively of the S and preS2 domains, and the S, preS2, and preSl domains. The S-AgHBs protein drives HBV and HDV budding. This integral protein is synthesized at the ER membrane. Its N-terminal region contains two transmembrane domains forming a first cytosolic loop and an antigenic loop (AGL) that is presented at the surface of the viruses. Its C-terminal domain is highly hydrophobic and predicted as a membrane domain. In addition two infectivity determinants have been identified on the preSl domain and the AGL. First our study aimed at characterizing the mechanism of action of the two infectivity determinants. Our results indicate that these determinants are functionaly independant at viral entry. The role of the AGL may require the intervention of many surface proteins while only a few domains of preSl are sufficient for infection. Finally, the mode of action of the preSl domain seems to be mediated by an allosteric cooperation of its sub-elements. The second part of our study aimed at specifying the topology of the C-terminal domain of the S-AgHBs protein in order to further characterize its role in HBV et HDV morphogenesis. This region most likely associates with cellular membranes through the 154-174 and 202-226 domains. The 202-226 residues are highly hydrophobic and may be implicated, together with the 71-102 region, in the surface proteins dimerization. The 154-174 region is presumably organized as an amphipathic helix, which is parallel to membranes. It may participate in cholesterol recruitment. Lastly, residues 193-204 may be exposed cytoplasm in agreement their role in HDV ribonucleoprotein recruitment
Patient, Romuald. "Obtention de particules sous-virales d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3108.
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Hourioux, Christophe. "Interactions entre les protéines d'enveloppe et les protéines de capside au cours de la morphogenèse virale : étude comparée du virus de l'hépatite B, de son satellite delta, et du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR3307.
Full textJulithe, Romain. "Etude fonctionnelle des protéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B dans l'assemblage et le caractère infectieux des virions HBV et HDV." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077256.
Full textThere are 10 genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the world. The HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) envelope proteins have, in the position 146 of the common's domain, a N-Glycosylation site. Only 50% of these proteins are always glycosylated, whatever the genotype. The first part of my project consists in studying the influence of the HBV genetic variability with regard to the envelope protein's activities at different step of the viral circle and with regard to the neutralization's efficiency of anti-HBSAG antibodies. The results show that variations in the aminoacid sequence of the HBV proteins have minor consequences on the assembly/secretion of subviral particles (SVP), HDV virions and the infectivity. However, sequence variations in the epitope of the A-determinant of the antigenic loop (AGL) affect the neutralizing activity of the anti-HBSAG antibodies. The second part of my project consists on determining the function(s) associated with the N146 glycosylation of the envelope proteins. Our results show that N146 glycosylation isn't essential for the HBV SVP and HDV virions production, but important for the assembly/secretion of the HBV virions. This glycosylation is not required for infectivity and hyperglycosylated envelope proteins - by adding several glycosylation sites in the AGL - is compatible with the SVP production and the conservation of the infectivity, in the AGL presents less than 4 glycans. We also show that hyperglycosylation prevents access of the anti-HBSAG Monoconal antibodies to epitope of the A-determinant
Jammart, Baptiste. "Étude in vitro de l'association du virus de l'hépatite C avec les lipoprotéines de l'hôte." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10082/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) mainly infects hepatocytes. It is unique in its ability to impair host lipidmetabolism, leading to major liver dysfunctions as, for instance, hepatic steatosis or insulinresistance. In vivo, serum virions have a low and variable density, reflecting their association withlow- and very-low-density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL). Hence, the existence of lipo-viro-particles(LVP), containing both viral components as well as apolipoprotein B (apoB) and E (apoE), has beensuggested. These LVPs could play an important role in viral persistence. However, this associationbetween HCV and apoB has not been observed in vitro, using the currently available cell culturemodels.Therefore, during my PhD, I have worked at setting up a new cell culture model, which wascapable of producing both VLDL and HCV particles, and therefore would enable the study of theinterplay between both synthesis pathways. First of all, we characterized lipoprotein production indifferent hepatocyte cell lines and confirmed that Huh7.5 cells, usually used to study HCV in vitro,were deficient for VLDL secretion, whereas two other cell lines, HepG2 and HepaRG, were able toproduce quasi-physiological VLDLs. Therefore, in a second time, we used HepG2 cells to replicate aHCV strain containing a selection gene and to characterize viral particle production. Surprisingly,VLDL-producing HepG2 cells were also unable to secrete LVPs, but rather secreted apoE-positive andapoB-negative viral particles, which were similar to ones Huh7.5 cells produced. This suggests thatthe ability to produce LVPs does not correlate with the ability to produce VLDL
Pastor, Florentin. "Etude des intéractions protéine-protéine entre l'enveloppe et la capside virale au cours de la morphogénèse du Virus de l'Hépatite B (VHB)." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3810.
Full textSome late phases of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) cycle are still poorly understood, such as the viral particle assembly. It is known that the capsid formed by the multimerization of the core protein around the viral DNA acquires its three envelope proteins (S, M, L) by viral budding, however the involved molecular signals remain poorly known. To explore the interactions between these viral proteins, approaches such as confocal microscopy and the realization of specific co-immunoprecipitations have been developed. In a context that may or may not reflect the complete HBV lifecycle, these approaches show the existence of specific interactions between the matrix domain (MD, L protein) and the matrix interaction domain (MBD, core protein). These results, in accordance with the data in the literature, make it possible to specify at a molecular level the required interactions between structural proteins during the HBV morphogenesis
Abdul, Fabien. "Développement et évaluation de nouvelles stratégies pour le traitement des hépatites B chroniques, dans le modèle du canard de Pékin infecté par le DHBV." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10284.
Full textDevelopment and evaluation of new strategies for treating chronic hepatitis B in the model of Peking duck infected with DHBVChronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to more than one million deaths each year. The low success rate of current therapies against HBV infection shows the need of alternative therapeutics. Thus, we studied a new strategy based on the use of antisense molecules (PNAs) coupled with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). We have shown that PNAs targeting the DHBV encapsidation signal coupled to CPPs penetrated into the cells and led to an inhibition of viral replication. In addition, we have demonstrated an antiviral activity of the CCP (Arg)8 itself. We then evaluate the mechanism of antiviral action of this CPP in vitro and have shown that it inhibited the late stages of viral morphogenesis, leading to a strong inhibition of the release of viral particles. Furthermore, we were interested in evaluating immunotherapeutic strategies, based on DNA vaccination. We have demonstrated the benefits of co-administration of cytokines (IFNy), with a DNA vaccine directed against the DHBV large envelope protein (preS/S), enhancing the magnitude of humoral response and enhancing neutralizing anti-DHBV antibody response. Finally we evaluated the benefits of a heterologous immunization approach or prime-boost immunization involving DNA vaccination and a recombinant viral vector (AdenoCELO) encoding the DHBV preS/S and IFNy proteins. We have shown that heterologous immunization induced a humoral response stronger than that induced by homologous immunization. By contrast, the heterologous prime-boost strategy was less effective than homologous DNA immunization for therapy of chronic DHBV-carrier ducks
Jenna, Sarah. "Etude de la morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite delta." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11042.
Full textKassab, Somar. "Variabilité du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0056/document.
Full textThe genetic polymorphism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been investigated tounderstand its impact on disease evolution, with discordant results. This could be due to thenarrow range of genotype and plasmatic viral load in these studies.We analysed complete genome variability of circulating HBV, in 422 chronicallyinfected patients. All were naive of anti-viral treatement and 38% had a plasmatic viral loadbelow 103 UI/mL. After optimisation of full length genome PCR amplification, we obtainedSanger sequences for more than 90% of HBV genome in 320 samples. We detected by directsequencing multiples co-infections that were confirmed by clonal pyrosequencing in 27samples. Defective viruses were always observed in co-infection with wild type virus. Directsequences showed a large representation of the most frequent genotypes (A to E), but also 60potential inter-genotypic recombinants. Clonal pyrosequencing and vectorial sequencingshowed that these potential recombinants were co-infections with different genotypes orintermediate genotypes located between close genotypes. These observations are incontradiction with the hypothesis described in the literature on recombination by geneticmaterial exchange.This study will be completed by a correlation analysis between the polymorphisms andmarkers of bad prognosis during HBV-induced disease
Ait, Goughoulte Malika. "Etude de la morphogenèse de pseudo-virions du virus de l'hépatite C." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3304.
Full textOur laboratory has developed a system allowing the production of HCV-like particles (HCV-LPs) in mammalian cells. In the absence of a complete HCV-LPs budding, this system was first used to exclude the putative role of cofactors such as the untranslated regions of the HCV genome, the p7 and F proteins in the virus particle morphogenesis. Although this model displays abortive HCV-LPs budding, it remains an useful tool for studies of the early events of HCV assembly mammalian cells. Inded this model allowed us to demonstrate that the HCV core proteine alone was able to generate HCV-LPs. This work further showed that the cleavage of the core protein by a cellular enzyme, the signal peptide peptidase (SPP), is required for HCV budding. Our study shed also some light on the HCV core residues involved in the SPP cleavage
Fourel, Isabelle. "Étude des agents inhibiteurs de la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B : intérêt des modèles animaux de l'hépatite B humaine." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T012.
Full textRollier, Christine. "Etude, à l'aide du virus de l'hépatite B du canard, de l'immunisation génétique pour la prévention et le traitement de l'hépatite B." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10086.
Full textBlanchet, Mathieu. "Etude des déterminismes de maturation et d’infectiosité des virus des hépatites B et Delta." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077031.
Full textThe HBV envelope proteins bud spontaneously at the ER membrane, mainly as subviral empty particles. In rare cases, the HBV nucleocapsid is recruited, leading to the formation of virions. This peculiar budding process is to the benefit of HDV, a defective virus that needs the HBV envelope proteins to complete its life cycle. Three envelope proteins are encoded by the HBV genome. They differ from each other by the size of their N-terminal extension. The S-HBsAg protein is made of the S domain only, M-HBsAg is made of the S and pre-S2 domains, and L-HBsAg is made of the pre-S1, pre-S2, and S domains. S- and L-HBsAg are required for HBV maturation. S-HBsAg is sufficient for HDV maturation. The S domain contains four transmembrane domains, two cytosolic loops (CYL-I and -II), and a loop located in the ER lumen. The first part of our work consisted in the identification of HBV and HDV infectivity and maturation determinants in CYL-I and -II. Our results show the absence of maturation and infectivity determinants for HBV and HDV in CYL-I. CYL-II does not contain any amino-acid indispensable for viral entry. The second part of our work consisted in a study of the L-HBsAg pre-S domain, which harbours the main HBV infectivity determinant. The pre-S domain also contains the matrix domain for HBV maturation, whose role at viral entry could not be tested in the HBV model. We used the HDV model to study this region. Our results show that HDV infectivity determinants are confined to the first 75 N-terminal amino-acids of pre-S1, excluding any role of the matrix domain in the infection process. These results are in favour of common infectivity determinants for HBV and HDV
Jeantet, Damien. "Caractérisation moléculaire et biologique des virus de l'hépatite B cryptiques." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10253.
Full textIskandar, Nouhad. "Contribution à l'étude épidémiologique du virus de l'hépatite delta." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120062.
Full textCao, Qian. "Caractérisation moléculaire des carcinomes hépatocellulaires liés au virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S010/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumors. Hepatic carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process involving both genetic predisposition (e.g. SNPs) and environmental factors. Nearly 50% of HCC are caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide. During HBV infection, multiple genetic and viral alterations accumulate and promote tumor development. By analyzing resected HCC in France, we identified specific molecular features related to HBV infection. First, HBx inactivating mutations are selected in HCC tissues suggesting specific pressure of selection during hepatocarcinogenesis. Second, in patients with a low number of HBV DNA copies per liver cell, we identified additional risk factors like HCV infection, alcohol intake or NASH, suggesting a cooperative effect of these factors with HBV to induce the malignant transformation. Third, TP53 mutations associated with a poor prognostic for HBV infected resected HCC patients. At last, HBV-related tumors demonstrate more frequent progenitor phenotype compared to non-HBV HCC, with an up-regulation of genes that involved in cell cycle regulation and encoded onco-fetal/progenitor proteins. Four SNPs previously identified by genome-wide studies (GWAS) in Asian, have been validated in our European population. Allelic distributions seem to vary according to the etiologies of adjacent liver diseases. These findings underscore the complexity of the genetic predisposition of HCC; further study must consider the geographical origin of patients and associated risk factors
Amaddeo, Giuliana. "Altérations génomiques des carcinomes hépatocellulaires liées au virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S012.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Introduzione: Il carcinoma epatocellulare (HCC) è il tumore primitivo più comune del fegato. Nel mondo, quasi il 50% di tutti gli HCC sono causati dal virus dell'epatite B (HBV). Durante le fasi dell’ infezione da HBV, si possono accumulare alterazioni genetiche e / o cromosomiche e quindi promuovere lo sviluppo del tumore. Obiettivi: a) analizzare in vitro e in vivo il ruolo potenziale di un nuovo gene potenzialmente coinvolto nella carcinogenesi epatica: IRF-2 (Interferon regulatory factor 2). Questo gene è stato identificato mediante l’analisi CGH-SNP come frequentemente deleto negli HCC correlati all’ HBV. b) caratterizzare una cohorte di HCC correlati all’HBV studiandone lo stato virale, le alterazioni genetiche e l’espressione di differenti geni al fine di comprendere meglio il ruolo di HBV nella carcinogenesis epatocellulare e confrontare questi parametri con una cohorte di HCC a diversa eziologia. Risultati: a) In laboratorio, Sandrine Imbeaud ha condotto un'analisi SNP-CGH microarray su una cohorte di 125 HCC che ha evidenziato una regione deleta in maniera omozigote localizzata sul braccio lungo del cromosoma 4 (4q34.3-35) in 4 campioni tumorali. La regione comprende un unico gene: IRF2. In altri due campioni sono state identificate mutazioni somatiche inattivatrici mediante sequenziamento della regione codante di IRF-2. In vitro, la soppressione di IRF-2 ha indotto un aumento della proliferazione cellulare, al contrario, la sua sovra-espressione ha causato un aumento dell’apoptosi cellulare. In vivo, la soppressione di IRF-2 è responsabile della formazione di tumori più grandi nei topi nude. I 6 tumori mutati per IRF2 sono tutti correlati all’ HBV (p = 0,0003. Nella cohorte di tumori studiati, le mutazioni di TP53 e di IRF-2 erano vicendevolmente esclusive. Inoltre, la soppressione dell’espressione della proteina IRF-2 induceva una riduzione dell’espressione della proteina p53 ed una stretta correlazione tra l’espressione delle due proteine è stata osservata (r2 = 0,72, p = 0,004). Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che il livello di espressione di IRF-2 è in grado di modulare l'espressione di alcuni geni target di TP53. Abbiamo, quindi, ipotizzato che IRF2 possa alterare la funzione di p53. Come è noto IRF2 può legarsi a MDM2, un regolatore negativo di p53 che induce la sua degradazione proteasomica. Il trattamento di cellule inattivate per IRF2 con MG132, un inibitore del proteasoma, induceva il restauro dell’espressione di p53. In vivo, il trattamento con bortezomib, chemioterapico inibitore del proteasoma, ha determinato la regressione del tumore inattivato per IRF2. b) 86 HCC correlati all’HBV sono stati caratterizzati dal punto di vista clinico e molecolare ed in seguito sono stati confrontati una serie di 90 HCC correlati ad altre eziologie. Gli HCC correlati all’HBV hanno delle caratteristiche cliniche e patologiche diverse da quelle degli HCC d’altra eziologia: insorgenza in pazienti più giovani (p <0,0001), di origine africana o asiatica (P <0.0001), alfa-fetoproteina sierica elevata (P = 0.008) e scarsa differenziazione istologica (P = 0,04). Mutazioni inattivatrici del gene HBX sono state identificate nel 71% dei tumori e il 33% dei tessuti non tumorali adiacenti (P <0.0001). Nel 63% dei casi, il numero di copie virali nel tessuto tumorale era inferiore rispetto al tessuto non tumorale adiacente (p <0,0001). Il gene TP53 è stato il gene più frequentemente mutato nella serie di HCC correlati a HBV (41%, p = 0,0002), con una considerevole presenza di mutazioni al codone 249 (R249S) (16%, p <0,0001). Questo tipo di mutazione è associate classicamente all’ aflatossina B1. Abbiamo osservato, inoltre, che TP53 mutato era un predittore indipendente di sopravvivenza solo per i pazienti infetti da HBV. Infine,
Chapel, Cynthia. "Étude de la morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite C et de son inhibition par des antiviraux de nouvelle génrération." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10241.
Full textCova, Lucyna. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard (DHBV) comme modèle pour l'étude de la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB) et de son rôle dans l'oncogenèse hépatique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10001.
Full textAbou, Jaoude Georges. "Etude des protéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B à l'étape d'entrée virale : utilisation du virus de l'hépatite Delta comme modèle expérimental." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066331.
Full textBaginski, Isabelle. "Apport de l'amplification moléculaire à l'étude de la biologie du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22060.
Full textGhibaudo, David. "Caractérisation du virus GBV-B : développement d'un nouveau modèle d'étude du virus de l'hépatite C." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077081.
Full textEtienne, Loïc. "Assemblage et sécrétion du virus de l'hépatite C : identification de dix résidus de la protéïne de capside importants pour optimiser la production du virus in vitro." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3309/document.
Full textDevelopment and cloning in 2005 of the highly replicative strain JFH-1 was a great opportunity to study the different stages of the infectious cycle of HCV as this strain easily propagate in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Until now, these lates phases of particles assembly remain poorly understood, although the core protein is thought to probably play a major role in initiation of these mechanisms. Comparative studies of the capsid sequences of different strains of hepatitis C have allowed us to identify 10 specific residues in the JFH-1 strain that could explain the functional deficits of this protein. Indeed, the replacement in JFH-1 strain of these 10 residues by those most commonly found in strains of genotype 1 and 2 showed improvement of the assembly and secretion of new infectious particles and new subcellular localization of core. In addition, replacement of these ten residues by most common amino acid found in patients show a great enhancement of in vitro virus production and secretion. As a perspective, development of this optimized virus could also represent a valuable model to better purify and determine viral structure, and true viral assembly site; HCV fields that remain till now largely unknown
Bouffard, Pascal. "Infection des cellules d'origine hématopoiétique par le virus de l'hépatite B humaine." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T064.
Full textLucifora, Julie. "Réplication du virus de l'hépatite B et réponse intracellulaire à l'infection virale." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/25/83/PDF/211-2008_-_Manuscrit_These_Julie_Lucifora.pdf.
Full textHBV is a major problem issue since the 400 million existing chronic carriers have greater risk to develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the lack of relevant and convenient in vitro HBV studying model, the aim was to improve the one that uses HBV recombinant baculoviruses to deliver HBV genome in hepatocytes. Relevance of this improved system was then demonstrated for phenotypic and resistant mutant fitness analysis. Finally, with the use of HBV recombinant baculovirus in HepaRG cells, an HBV-mediated effective IFN response within cells was highlighted. This constitutes new data in the study of virus/host cell interaction since HBV was considered as a “stealth” virus until now. Taken together, these results have important implications in the comprehension HBV persistence mechanisms and in the development of new cellular models of infection
Peltekian, Cécile. "Activité antivirale de la protéine MxA contre le virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077139.
Full textBoyer, Audrey. "Caractérisation de mécanismes mis en jeu lors des étapes précoces de l'assemblage des lipoviroparticules du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3308/document.
Full textIn chronic infection, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulates as lipoviral particles (LVP): hybrid particles associating viral (RNA, structural proteins) and cellular components (apolipoproteins, cholesterol). During my PhD, we were interested in identifying the HCV assembly platform, and the role of the association of the viral proteins by NS2 during its formation. We showed that different natures of interactions on the ER membrane are involved in this proteic association. Our results suggest that a complex interplay between proteins of the complex formed by NS2, directly or through “detergent resistant membranes” (DRMs) may be immediately followed by LVPs formation. We also demonstrated that E1E2 heterodimer, apolipoproteins B and E (ApoB, ApoE) associate as a protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when expressed together. This complex is formed early in HCV assembly, regardless the expression of other viral proteins, and is conserved on the secreted LVPs. Based on these data, we proposed a mechanism explaining LVP morphogenesis initiation. Then we assessed the importance of E1E2/ApoE association for viral life cycle. We initiate a study to identify the E1E2 amino acids involved in the interaction with apolipoproteins. With these data, we wished to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of the HCV morphogenesis
Thermet, Séverine. "Étude moléculaire et biologique de variants du VHB." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10139.
Full textLainé, Sébastien. "Identification et caractérisation de PAP22 : partenaire cellulaire de la protéine P22 du virus de l'hépatite B humaine." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0040.
Full textThe HBV virus responsible for hepatitis B is still a worldwide health issue. Its ability to stay as an episome in infected cells is responsible for chronicity, which can lead to hepatocarcinoma and cirrhosis. We focused our research on the HBe antigen of HBV, which seems implicated in viral persistence. Hbe is a cleavage product of the p22 protein. We have show a specific interaction between P22 and 32kDa cellular protein we named PAP for protein associated to P22. Using an in vitro interaction assay based on over expressing recombinant P, we identified PAP22 as gClqR. Bibliographical data indicate roles of PAP22 in spicing, apoptosis and the immune response. We could demonstrate a rôle of the P22/gC1qR complex into the HBV pre-genome spicing, which, therefore, implies a control of the pro-apoptotic HBSP protein by P22/gC1qR. Moreove, we have shown thet gClqR regulates apoptosis in a p22-sensitive manner. Our data suggest a possible role of this complex in allowing viral persistence through a tight control of apoptosis. This work opens new avenues in studying HBe functions by demonstrating specific functions of P22 thet are independent from its precursor role
Bachelot, Etienne. "Production in vitro par les lymphocytes circulants d'anticorps spécifiques du virus de l'hépatite B." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11212.
Full textVauloup-Fellous, Christelle. "Morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite C : rôle du clivage de la protéine de capside par la signal -peptide-peptidase." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066380.
Full textHernandez, Céline. "Morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite C : rôle de l'éthanol et d'une tyrosine critique de la protéine de capside virale." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077190.
Full textExcessive alcohol consumption by patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases the viral load and aggravates the liver disease but the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain elusive. Here we took advantage of our unique model of productive HCV infection in primary human adult hepatocytes (PHH) to assess the impact of ethanol. In this relevant model, addition of ethanol increased the production of the most infectious viral particles, which are associated with very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Combination of HCV and ethanol showed additive effects on the expression of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis recovery and maintenance of cell survival. Collectively, these results suggest that ethanol promotes morphogenesis of infectious HCV by improving EF functionality and maybe lipogenesis, which is one of the ER stress targets. Considering that HCV morphogenesis remains elusive, we searched in parallel for viral determinants involved in this process using the infectious HCV cell culture system based on human-derived hepatoma cell line Huh-7. Because tyrosine-based motifs have been implicated in the late budding of other viruses, we investigated by reverse genetics the role of the four conserved tyrosines of core protein in HCV life cycle. We identified the tyrosine in position 136, within a potential YXXØ motif, as a critical determinant of HCV morphogenesis in the ER. Collectively our results designate a previously unrecognized core protein-dependent step subsequent to the initiation of viral assembly, maybe the viral budding linked to the apolipoprotein B, a key player in VLDL biogenesis in the ER
Hallez, Camille. "Impact des facteurs de restriction sur la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066390.
Full textHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infects 350 millions people worldwilde. It triggers accute hepatitis that can turn into cirrhosis then hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV genome is composed of a partially double-stranded DNA.Thus, it could be targeted by some cellular nucleases that hydrolyze double-stranded DNA. We have highlighted that Deoxyribunuclease I (DNase I) can be incorporated into HBV virions and degrade its genome, leading to a loss of viral infectivity. Moreover, DNase I is upregulated under hypoxia which is a caracteristic of liver cirrhosis. DNase I could be involved in HBV elimination in cirrhotic patients. In an other study, we found that APOBECDE, a cytidine deaminase of the same family than some restriction factors, has a proviral activity. Indeed, association of APOBEC3DE with APOBEC3F or APOBEC3G leads to a loss of cytidine deaminase activity and a better viral replication. When APOBEC3DE is associated with those two proteins, APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G cannot be incorporated into HBV virions. This is the reason why HBV is more infectious when APOBEC3DE is expressed
Tong, Shuping. "Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus variants unable to express HBe protein." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T109.
Full textAncelin, Valérie. "Politique de santé publique vis-à-vis de l'hépatite B en France." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P008.
Full textMrani, Saad. "Caractérisation moléculaire des infections à VHB occultes au cours des hépatites C chroniques." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10064.
Full textOccult Hepatitis B infection (HBV), defined by HBV DNA positivity in absence of HBsAg in the serum was found in 30% of hepatitis of unknown aetiology and frequently among HCV chronic carriers. In order to better understand how HBV escape to diagnosis tests and determine the consequences of this co-infection on HCV chronic infection, we analyzed by ultra sensitive molecular tests developed in the lab, serum samples from 203 HCV chronic carriers before any antiviral treatment. The results from this first study showed that occult HBV infection frequency could reach 20% in France and that occult HBV infection may worsen the course of HCV infection being associated to a bad response to antiviral therapy and aggravation of liver disease. In order to perform the molecular characterization of hepatitis B viruses in cases of occult HBV infections, the whole HBV genome was amplified by a new technique developed in the lab, named Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA), cloned and sequenced in a HCV transplanted case. The analysis of the cloned sequences did not show the presence of any of the known mutations in the viral genome that may explain HBsAg negativity. Our results suggest, on one hand, the implication of other factors in the suppression of the HBV replication and altered expression of HBV, on the other hand, the importance of extra hepatic sites of HBV replication during occult HBV infections, since it was able to persist after liver transplantation. Our work emphasise the need to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the case of occult HBV infections especially during co-infection with HCV
Gheit, Tarik. "Mise en place d'un nouveau modèle primate pour l'étude du VHB." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10050.
Full textTout, Issam. "Rôle du TLR9 et des lymphocytes B dans l'échappement du virus de l'hépatite B à l'immunité innée." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1308/document.
Full textChronic HBV infection is a major health problem worldwide. Ineffective T cell and antibody responses have been demonstrated, yet the precise events that may contribute to insufficient B cell responses remain to be determined. Optimal B cell function, expansion and differentiation rely on Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) activity which senses dsDNA and is expressed in human mainly by plasmacytoid dendritic ( pDC) and B cells. The impact of HBV on TLR9 in human B cell subsets remains to be explored.Here, we investigated the effects of HBV on TLR9 function in human B cells. Both primary and B cell lines were used to analyze the effect of HBV on TLR9 expression and function. These results were corroborated in a cohort of chronically infected HBV patients. TLR9 expression was reduced in all peripheral blood B cells subsets exposed to HBV. B cell function mediated by TLR9, such as proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion were abrogated in the presence of HBV. Our results show that the viral surface antigen HBsAg inhibited the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB which could no longer bind the CRE site located on the TLR9 promoter. Finally, we corroborated our in vitro findings in a cohort of chronic HBV carriers (CHB) and found that TLR9 expression and function were significantly suppressed.Our findings reveal the mechanism that induces an immunosuppressive response by HBV on TLR9 function in human B cells, which may contribute to HBV persistence in the host
Bekondi, Claudine. "Aspects cliniques et épidémiologiques des infections à virus de l'hépatite B en République Centrafricaine." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10129/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) strains have been classified into eight genotypes A to H. Recent studies have shown that the HBV genotype E (HBV/E) predominates in a vast crescent spanning from Senegal to Angola. The Central African Republic (CAR) is an endemic country for HBV infection and prevalence of chronic infection in adults is estimated to be about 15.4%. A survey of 196 patients attending local hospital with symptoms of hepatitis has permitted to obtain 66 complete or partial sequences of HBV DNA. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that 62 strains belonged to Genotype E while one was of genotype A1, and three of genotype D. One strain presented a recombination between genotypes E and D. Genotype E is thus predominant in RCA as in most Sub-Saharan countries. The variability of strains is limited not only among CAR strains but when all strains isolated so far are compared (1.67 %), suggesting a recent introduction of HBV in the human species with a rapid expansion. A simian origin of the genotype E is possible considering the DNA sequence identities with chimpanzee HBV DNA. The second part of this study is a clinical and biological survey of 68 patients attending the “Hôpital de l’Amitié” of Bangui for a suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All the patients (100 %) have been infected by HBV. Echography confirmed the suspicion of HCC in 43 patients and cytopathology ascertained the diagnosis for 14 patients for whom cytoponction was feasible. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was present in 10 of these 43 patients, of whom 7 were co-infected with HDV. The average level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 10394 UI/mL. For the 25 other patients, HBsAg was detected in 21 of whom 11 were co-infected with HDV. Low level of AFP was observed (mean: 9UI/mL). This study shows that HBV related HCC is common in the country and that patients come to hospital late in the evolution of this disease. This study also confirms the association between HBV and HCC in CAR. HDV is associated with severe symptoms of hepatitis B. Serum and HCC lesions samples will be used to study variability of X gene and its relation with HCC
Gourion, Delphine. "Etude des différents vaccins recombinants dirigés contre l'hépatite B, disponibles en officine en 1996." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P099.
Full textFournier, Maëlenn. "Implication du gène core dans l'accumulation de l'ADN circulaire clos de façon covalente du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10058/document.
Full textThe feature of hepatitis B virus is the synthesis of a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) which is the persistence form of the virus in cell. cccDNA is maintained to 1 copy per human cell thanks to the recycling of capsids into the nucleus. Indeed, during the viral cycle, capsids are either transported into the nucleus to form cccDNA or enveloped and secreted to form new infectious virions. Because of its maintenance in the hepatocyte, cccDNA formation and regulation are still key elements of antiviral treatment. It has been shown that, in vitro, cccDNA accumulation was regulated by envelope proteins. Upon the study of cccDNA levels in liver biopsies of HIV-HBV co-infected patients, an individual with a cccDNA level 300 fold higher than the average of the cohort was identified. My thesis objective was to understand which is the mechanism leading to the cccDNA accumulation observed in vivo. This allowed us to highlight the role of core gene in cccDNA accumulation
Lambert, Véronique. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard : modèle expérimental pour l'étude de la biologie des infections par les hépadnavirus." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T255.
Full textDesrames, Alexandra. "Etude de la structure de la petite protéine d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077161.
Full textChronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a major public health concern worldwide because an estimated 300 million individuals are affected. HBV is the prototype of the Hepadnaviridae family, a DNA virus with an envelope consisting of cell derived lipids associated to three types of transmembrane glycoproteins: S-, M- et L-HBsAg. S-HBsAg, the most abundant in the viral envelope, is the driving force of viral particle assembly, but it also bears in its ectodomain, an immunodominant determinant, referred to as the a-determinant, against which most of the neutralizing antibodies are directed. This antigenic determinant is also closely associated to an infectivity determinant responsible for interacting with cell surface heparan sulfate at the initial step of viral entry. As of today, we have little information on the structure of the antigenic loop (AGL) of the S-HBsAg protein that underlies the antigenic and function at viral entry. The aim of this thesis project was to gather information on the three dimensional organization of the AGL polypeptide, for a better understanding of its function at viral entry. The first step of the study was to identify the minimum subunit of the viral envelope, which bears the a-determinant. This was achieved using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the a-determinant. We have shown most of the antibodies were: i) directed to conformational epitopes, ii) neutralizing, and iii) reactive with the dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. We concluded that most of a-determinant epitopes are conserved on the soluble dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence in the HBV envelope, of two isomers of S- HBsAg dimers, which can be separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by isomer-specific antibodies. We propose that the two isomers correspond to two distinct networks of disulfide bonds between the numerous AGL cystein residues. In an effort to obtain pure and homogenous preparations of S-HBsAg dimers, as substrate for crystallization, we adopted several strategies: i) production of S-HBsAg by in vitro translation, ii) production in E. Coli, and iii) the purification of viral particles from transfected Huh-7 cell culture medium or from infectious plasmas. The purification of S-HBsAg dimers from cell culture-derived particles clearly appeared as the strategy of choice, in terms quality and yield, and flexibility of the approach in case of S- HBsAg mutants analysis
Foss, Michael. "Etude de l'effet de l'interaction entre la nucléoporine 153 et la capside du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21687/document.
Full textAround 350 million people worlwide are infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and one million of people per year die because of the consequences of a chronic HBV-infection. The capacity of the HBV to become chronic suggests that this virus is capable to modulate the apoptosis. In the context of the present project, the influence of the HBV-capsid on the cleavage of the Nucleoporin153 (Nup153) by the caspase 3 and the influence of the HBV-core protein on the apoptosis in general have been investigated. In order to address the effect of the capsid on the cleavage of the Nup153 by the caspase 3, in vitro and an in vivo analytical systems have been developed. After the purification of the GST-Nup153, the impact of the HBV-capsid on his cleavage has been analyzed. It has been observed, that the HBV-capsid has no effect on the cleavage of the Nup153. This result has been confirmed by the in vivo system which has been represented by digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells, in which the Nup153 has also been cleaved in presence or absence of the HBV-capsid. In order to attach the capsids on the Nup153, nuclear transport assays have been realized before the cleavage with the recombinant caspase 3. In the second part, the influence of the hepatitis core protein on the Fas induced apoptosis has been investigated. HepG2 cells have been transfected either with a vector coding for the construction GFP-core or with a control vector coding for the GFP-protein without any fusion. After induction of apoptosis by the ligand IgFasL, the apoptosis has been measured by the analysis of the caspase 3 activity and by the decreasing of the GFP signal. Cells containing GFP-core showed a strong decreasing regarding the amount of apoptosis compared to the cells transfected with GFP. This result suggests an anti-apoptotic function of the core protein of the HBV
Schorr, Olivier. "Régulation et inhibition de la formation de l'ADN superenroulé du virus de l'hépatite B du canard." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10097.
Full textSamuel, Didier. "Mécanismes, prévention et traitement de la réinfection par le virus de l'hépatite B après transplantation hépatique." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T019.
Full textGomez, Isabelle. "Les anticorps anti virus de l'hépatite C chez les hémophiles francais." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P189.
Full textTurin, Fabrice. "Utilisation des cultures primaires d'hépatocytes pour l'étude de la réplication des hépadnavirus et la recherche de molécules antivirales." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10147.
Full textMartel, Nora. "Variabilité génétique du virus de l'hépatite B et implication sur le diagnostic et la pathogénèse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865253.
Full textSaade, Fadi. "Évaluation de nouvelles combinaisons immunothérapeutiques à base du vaccin à ADN nu pour le traitement des hépatites B chroniques." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10047.
Full textIn spite of the availability of an efficient prophylactic vaccine, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem and a therapeutic challenge. DNA-based vaccine is a promising strategy for chronic HBV infections treatment, although it is crucial to improve its efficacy. The aim of this work was to assess the therapeutic benefits of co-administration of cytokine genes (IL-2, IFN-γ) with plasmids expressing DHBV proteins, using the duck HBV (DHBV) infection model, closely related to the human virus. In a 1st study, we explored first in naïve ducks, the impact co-delivery of IFN-γ or IL-2 encoding plasmids (pCI-IFNγ, pCI-IL2 respectively) on humoral neutralizing response induced by DNA-based vaccine encoding DHBV preS/S large envelope protein (pCI-preS/S). Co-delivery of either pCI-IL2 or pCI-IFNγ considerably increased the magnitude and the neutralizing efficacy of anti-preS humoral response, as compared to duck group immunized with pCI-preS/S alone. In a 2nd study, therapeutic efficacy was tested in chronic-DHBV carrier ducks receiving envelope and capsid expressing plasmids (pCI-preS/S, pCI-C) alone or in co-immunization with pCI-IFN or pCI-IL2 plasmids. Co-delivery of pCI-IFNγ led to a significantly lower mean viremia, associated with seroconversion to higher anti-preS titers (P< 0. 05) compared to other groups. Moreover, liver DHBV DNA, including cccDNA, was undetectable by conventional methods for 25% and 57% of animals co-immunized with IL-2 and IFN-γ, respectively. Inoculation of liver homogenates from 7 resolved animals, presenting cccDNA detectable by real-time PCR only, showed absence of infectivity for 4, however 3 induced high titer viremia in neonatal ducklings, associated with evidence of intrahepatic preS expression for two animals. In a 3rd study, we realized and validated different constructs of recombinant avian adenovirus "CELO" (Chicken Embryo Lethal Orphin) expressing the preS/S and IFN-γ proteins respectively. We determined the optimal administration route of these vectors which allowed induction of highest anti-preS antibody response. This optimization allowed us to initiate a prime-boost therapeutic protocol, associating a prime with naked DNA vaccine targeting DHBV large envelope protein, followed by boosts with recombinant adenovirus CELO expressing this protein alone or in combination with IFN-γ. In conclusion, co-delivery of IFN-γ plasmid enhanced therapeutic efficacy of DHBV DNA vaccine in terms of break of humoral immune tolerance and viral clearance. These results are of particular value for the development of DNA vaccine-based immunotherapy for HBV-chronic carriers