Journal articles: 'Virus chikungunya – Transmission'

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Magalhaes, Tereza, Alexis Robison, Michael Young, William Black, Brian Foy, Gregory Ebel, and Claudia Rückert. "Sequential Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes with Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus Enhances Early Zika Virus Transmission." Insects 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040177.

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In urban settings, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue viruses are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since these viruses co-circulate in several regions, coinfection in humans and vectors may occur, and human coinfections have been frequently reported. Yet, little is known about the molecular aspects of virus interactions within hosts and how they contribute to arbovirus transmission dynamics. We have previously shown that Aedes aegypti exposed to chikungunya and Zika viruses in the same blood meal can become coinfected and transmit both viruses simultaneously. However, mosquitoes may also become coinfected by multiple, sequential feeds on single infected hosts. Therefore, we tested whether sequential infection with chikungunya and Zika viruses impacts mosquito vector competence. We exposed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes first to one virus and 7 days later to the other virus and compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates between sequentially and single infected groups. We found that coinfection rates were high after sequential exposure and that mosquitoes were able to co-transmit both viruses. Surprisingly, chikungunya virus coinfection enhanced Zika virus transmission 7 days after the second blood meal. Our data demonstrate heterologous arbovirus synergism within mosquitoes, by unknown mechanisms, leading to enhancement of transmission under certain conditions.

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Tsetsarkin, Konstantin A., Rubing Chen, and Scott C. Weaver. "Interspecies transmission and chikungunya virus emergence." Current Opinion in Virology 16 (February 2016): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.007.

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Singh, Anil Kumar, Manisha Soni, Ankita Agarwal, Paban Kumar Dash, Manmohan Parida, and Natarajan Gopalan. "Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes from Northern India." Defence Life Science Journal 1, no. 2 (October 7, 2016): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.1.10744.

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Chikungunya virus is now recognised as a resurging arbovirus of global public health significance, with their circulation in both new and old world. It is horizontally transmitted among vertebrates by Aedes mosquitoes. So far, the existence of vertical transmission of Chikungunya virus in Aedes vector is riddled with conflicting reports. In this study, presence of Chikungunya virus was detected in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that emerged from field-collected larvae from Gwalior, northern India during 2010. This was further confirmed through nucleotide sequencing that revealed the presence of novel east central south African (ECSA) genotype of Chikungunya virus. This provides molecular evidence for vertical transmission of Chikungunya virus in mosquitoes in nature, which may have important consequences for viral survival during inter-epidemic period and adverse climatic conditions.

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Annisa, Dyah Retno, Endang Srimurni Kusmintarsih, and Trisnowati Budi Ambarningrum. "Reverse Transcriptase PCR (Rt-PCR) for Detection of Dengue and Chikungunya Virus of Mosquito Aedes aegypti in Sokaraja." BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2020.2.1.1811.

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dengue fever (DF). Meanwhile, chikungunya virus causes Chikungunya fever (CF). These diseases involve three organisms, namely virus, mosquito Aedes sp., and human. The transmission of dengue and chikungunya virus is related to the population of Ae. aegypti. Banyumas regency is one of the regions with many cases of dengue and chikungnya virus infections, particularly in Purwokerto, Sokaraja, and Cilongok sub-district. Up to this time, there is no medicine and vaccine provided to treat these viruses effectively. Thus, detection of virus inside vector will be effectively performed in order to predict the transmission risk of dengue and chikungunya virus. This research aimed to know the molecular detection of dengue and chikungunya virus on adult Ae.aegypti mosquito in Sokaraja Region, Banyumas Regency. Survey was done by a cross-sectional method in Sokaraja sub-district from May 2019 – March 2019. Furthermore, technical sampling that used was purposive sampling method of adult Ae.aegypti using BG-Sentital Trap, followed by molecular detection of dengue virus using Two-step RT-PCR and chikungunya gene virus using RT-PCR. Molecular detection of DENV and CHIKV of mosquitoes which collected from Sokaraja region showed negative result

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Yang, Hyun Mo. "Comparison between chikungunya and dengue viruses transmission based on a mathematical model." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 06 (April 4, 2017): 1750087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500875.

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Chikungunya and dengue viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes of genus Aedes. Based on a mathematical model dealing with arboviruses transmission that encompasses human and mosquito populations, the risks of dengue and chikungunya infections are compared. By the fact that chikungunya virus attains high viral load earlier than dengue virus in both humans and mosquitoes, the potential risk of chikungunya could be higher than the dengue infection. The risk of arboviruses infections is assessed by the reproduction number [Formula: see text], which is obtained by the next generation matrix method and Routh–Hurwitz criteria.

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Ho, Yi-Jung, Yu-Ming Wang, Jeng-wei Lu, Tzong-Yuan Wu, Liang-In Lin, Szu-Cheng Kuo, and Chang-Chi Lin. "Suramin Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Entry and Transmission." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 24, 2015): e0133511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133511.

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Robillard, Pierre-Yves, Brahim Boumahni, Patrick Gérardin, Alain Michault, Alain Fourmaintraux, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Magali Carbonnier, et al. "Transmission verticale materno-fœtale du virus chikungunya." La Presse Médicale 35, no. 5 (May 2006): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0755-4982(06)74690-5.

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Touret, Yasmina, Hanitra Randrianaivo, Alain Michault, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Edouard Kauffmann, Yann Lenglet, Georges Barau, and Alain Fourmaintraux. "Transmission materno-fœtale précoce du virus Chikungunya." La Presse Médicale 35, no. 11 (November 2006): 1656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0755-4982(06)74874-6.

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Touret, Yasmina, Hanitra Randrianaivo, Alain Michault, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Edouard Kauffmann, Yann Lenglet, Georges Barau, and Alain Fourmaintraux. "Transmission materno-fœtale précoce du virus Chikungunya." La Presse Médicale 35, no. 1-12 (November 2006): 1664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2006.10.001.

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Hrnjaković Cvjetković, Ivana, Tamaš Petrović, Dušan Petrić, Dejan Cvjetković, Gordana Kovačević, Jelena Radovanov, Aleksandra Jovanović Galović, et al. "SEROPREVALENCE OF MOSQUITO-BORN AND TICK-BORN MICROORGANISMS IN HUMAN POPULATION OF SOUTH BACKA DISTRICT." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (November 6, 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v9i1.94.

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Chikungunya virus is an Arbo virus belonging to the family Togaviridae. In urban areas, antropophilic Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are vectors for virus transmission to human population. Chikungunya virus has attracted the professional and scientifi c public attention in 2013 causing a massive outbreak on the American continent. In Europe, autochthonous transmissions of Chikungunya virus infections have beenrecorded in Italy in 2007 as well as in France in 2010 and 2014. Usutu virus is a RNA virus from the family Flaviviridae. Th e virus circulates in a transmission cycle between wild birds and Culex mosquitoes. The virus has been detected in numerous bird species across Europe. Manifestations recorded in humans include meningoencephalitis and skin rash. First human cases in Europe were recorded in immunocompromised individuals in Italy in 2009. Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is transmitted to humans by ticks and causes Lyme disease, a multisystemic disease with dermatological, neurological, cardiological or articular manifestations. Ninety three persons interviewed about risk factors for vector-borne infections were examined. The examination was performed using commercial ELISA IgG for Chikungunya and Usutu virus and ELISA IgM and IgG test for Borrelia burgdorferi in line with manufacturer’s instructions (Euroimmun, Germany). Out of 93 examined individuals Usutu virus specific IgG antibodies were identified in 7.5% (7/93) persons. Th e results of ELISA IgG test for Chikungunya virus were negative in the majority of tested samples, whereas 7.5% (7/93) of samples revealed borderline result. In 9.7% (9/93) participants, antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi were detected only by ELISA IgM test. Recent infection with Borrelia burgdorferi was confi rmed in 2.15% (2/93) individuals, whereas IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi were detected in only one participant. Th e obtained results indicated that Usutu virus is active in the territory of South Bačka District contrary to Chikungunya virus as well as that Borrelia burgdorferi is an important pathogen in the investigated region.

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Nah, Kyeongah, Kenji Mizumoto, Yuichiro Miyamatsu, Yohei Yasuda, Ryo Kinoshita, and Hiroshi Nishiura. "Estimating risks of importation and local transmission of Zika virus infection." PeerJ 4 (April 5, 2016): e1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1904.

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Background.An international spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has attracted global attention. ZIKV is conveyed by a mosquito vector,Aedesspecies, which also acts as the vector species of dengue and chikungunya viruses.Methods.Arrival time of ZIKV importation (i.e., the time at which the first imported case was diagnosed) in each imported country was collected from publicly available data sources. Employing a survival analysis model in which the hazard is an inverse function of the effective distance as informed by the airline transportation network data, and using dengue and chikungunya virus transmission data, risks of importation and local transmission were estimated.Results.A total of 78 countries with imported case(s) have been identified, with the arrival time ranging from 1 to 44 weeks since the first ZIKV was identified in Brazil, 2015. Whereas the risk of importation was well explained by the airline transportation network data, the risk of local transmission appeared to be best captured by additionally accounting for the presence of dengue and chikungunya viruses.Discussion.The risk of importation may be high given continued global travel of mildly infected travelers but, considering that the public health concerns over ZIKV infection stems from microcephaly, it is more important to focus on the risk of local and widespread transmission that could involve pregnant women. The predicted risk of local transmission was frequently seen in tropical and subtropical countries with dengue or chikungunya epidemic experience.

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Ferreira, Fátima Cristiane Pinho de Almeida Di Maio, Anamaria Szrajbman Vaz da Silva, Judith Recht, Lusiele Guaraldo, Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira, André Machado de Siqueira, Patrick Gerardin, and Patrícia Brasil. "Vertical transmission of chikungunya virus: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): e0249166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249166.

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Objectives To describe and estimate the frequency of pregnancy outcomes, clinical and laboratory characteristics of vertical transmission of CHIKV in the neonate. Study design We performed a systematic review evaluating the clinical presentation of perinatally-acquired CHIKV infection in neonates. The search was performed using Medline (via PubMed), LILACS, Web of Science, Scielo, Google Scholar and Open grey to identify studies assessing vertical transmission of CHIKV up to November 3, 2020. There were no search restrictions regarding the study type, the publication date or language. Studies with no documented evidence of CHIKV infection in neonates (negative RT-PCR or absence of IgM) were excluded. Results From the 227 studies initially identified, 42 were selected as follows: 28 case reports, 7 case series, 2 cross-sectional studies and 5 cohort studies, for a total of 266 CHIKV infected neonates confirmed by serological and/or molecular tests. The vertical transmission rate was 50% in the Reunion Island outbreak, which was the subject of the majority of the studies; the premature delivery were reported in 19 (45.2%) studies; the rate of fetal distress was 19.6% of infected babies and fetal loss occurred in 2% of the cases. Approximately 68.7% of newborns were diagnosed with encephalopathy or encephalitis after perinatally acquired CHIKV. Most of the infected neonates were born healthy, developing CHIKV sepsis clinical syndrome within the first week of life. Conclusions We alert neonatologists to the late manifestations of neonatal CHIKV infection, relevant to the management and reduction of morbidity. A limitation of our review was that it was not possible to carry out meta-analysis due to differences in study design and the small number of participants.

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Long, K. M., and M. T. Heise. "Chikungunya Virus Transmission--More Than Meets the Eye." Journal of Infectious Diseases 206, no. 6 (June 15, 2012): 806–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis297.

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Ramful, Duksha, Magali Carbonnier, Marl??ne Pasquet, Brahim Bouhmani, Jamal Ghazouani, Tahir Noormahomed, Gilles Beullier, et al. "Mother-to-Child Transmission of Chikungunya Virus Infection." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 26, no. 9 (September 2007): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e3180616d4f.

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Kuehn, Bridget M. "Chikungunya Virus Transmission Found in the United States." JAMA 312, no. 8 (August 27, 2014): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.9916.

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Ogden, NH, LR Lindsay, and M. Coulthart. "Existe-t-il un risque de transmission du virus du chikungunya au Canada?" Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2015): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v41i01a03f.

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Di Maio Ferreira, Fátima C. P. A., Anamaria S. V. da Silva, Ana M. Bispo de Filippis, and Patrícia Brasil. "Late Identification of Chikungunya Virus in the Central Nervous System of a 2-Month-Old Infant: Persistence of Maternal-Neonatal Infection?" Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 8, no. 4 (January 18, 2019): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy135.

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Abstract We report here a probable case of vertical transmission of chikungunya infection with confirmed maternal viremia close to labor that led to severe infection in the newborn. The newborn progressed with cutaneous lesions and irritability 2 months after vertical transmission, when chikungunya virus was detected in the infant’s CSF by a molecular diagnostic test (real-time polymerase chain reaction).

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Jain, Sonal, and Dimplekumar N. Chalishajar. "Chikungunya Transmission of Mathematical Model Using the Fractional Derivative." Symmetry 15, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15040952.

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In this study, a mathematical model that may depict the dynamic transmission of the Chikungunya virus within a specific population has been examined. Various differential operators were considered, ranging from classical to nonlocal operators. We added a stochastic component to each instance and used the Lipschitz and linear growth criteria to illustrate the existence and uniqueness of the solutions. The most recent numerical method with Newton polynomial (are related symmetrical) interpolations was used to solve each problem numerically using MATLAB. There are some presented numerical simulations which are compared with the Lipschitz and linear growth properties. This new research work emphasizes how the Chikungunya virus model is formulated using fractional ODEs.

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Bajjou, Tahar, Ahmed Reggad, Farida Hilali, Safae Elkochri, Abdelilah Laraqui, Nadia Touil, Idriss Lahlou Amine, Yassine Sekhsokh, and Fattouma Mahassine. "Chikungunya infection confirmed in a Moroccan traveller returning from Bangladesh." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175746.

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Recently, several countries reported imported cases of infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We report the first case of chikungunya virus infection in Morocco. A 37-year old woman returned to Morocco on 15 August 2017, after she stayed in Dhaka-Bangladesh for 18months. She developed severe arthralgias and rash, fever up to 39°c. In next day’s symptoms progressively subsided but arthralgias remained for 3weeks. Laboratory findings didn't show lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia or elevated liver transaminases. Serological tests were positive for CHIKV IgM and negative for IgG antibodies. CHIKV-RNA was detected by RT-PCR. The patient was treated with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol. After 15days of hospitalization, symptoms ameliorated but arthralgias persists. The vector is established in Morocco and since the virus is diagnosed in returning travellers, chikungunya has a potential for autochthonous transmission in Morocco, that’s why CHIKV must be included in the differential diagnosis of arthralgia in all travellers returning from countries with documented transmission of the virus.

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Qi, Ju, Jingna Han, Guoyu Niu, Zhenyu Liu, Xin Wang, and Yin Liu. "The development of ELISA Kit detecting Chikungunya Virus used a synthetic polypeptide chain." Journal of Applied Virology 3, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21092/jav.v3i2.42.

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<p>Chikungunya fever was an acute vector-infectious disease caused by Chikungunya virus which outbreaks were distributed mostly in Africa, Indian Ocean, West Pacific Islands and South-East Asia. It was important to develop a rapid and accurate detection kit to control the Chikungunya virus transmission. The ELISA method was a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of acute viral infections which had the merits of rapid, accurate, simple. In present study, a polypeptide chain of E2 protein was chosen and validated through computer protein model analysis, and the Chikungunya virus ELISA kit detecting the E2 antigen was developed and evaluated based this polypeptide. The Sandwich method Chikungunya antigen ELISA kit consisted of polyclonal antibody made by Chikungunya virus synthetic protein and a commercial monoclonal antibody. The sensitivity of antigen detection was about 100ng/mL of pure synthetic protein. The specificity and reproducibility of the ELISA kit were also validated and the results were as followed. This detection method not merely gave us a positive confirmatory result in early phase of the disease, but also practical in the diagnosis of prodromal and subclinical stage and might be useful for the rapid detection of Chikungunya virus from vector.</p>

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Tharmarajah, Kothila, Suresh Mahalingam, and Ali Zaid. "Chikungunya: vaccines and therapeutics." F1000Research 6 (December 8, 2017): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12461.1.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has come to prominence as a global, re-emerging pathogen over the last two decades, progressing from sporadic, remote outbreaks to worldwide explosive epidemics. From contained, though considerable, outbreaks in the southern Indian Ocean, parts of South America and the Caribbean, CHIKV continues to be a significant pathogen in Southeast Asia and India. CHIKV circulates during epidemics through an urban mosquito-to-human transmission cycle, and with no available treatments or licensed vaccines to specifically target CHIKV disease, limiting transmission relies on vector control, which poses significant challenges, especially in developing countries. This review summarizes the current findings and progress in the development of safe, effective and affordable therapeutics and vaccines for CHIKV disease.

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Azevedo, Raimunda do Socorro da Silva, Consuelo Silva Oliveira, and Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos. "Chikungunya risk for Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 49 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049006219.

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This study aimed to show, based on the literature on the subject, the potential for dispersal and establishment of the chikungunya virus in Brazil. The chikungunya virus, a Togaviridae member of the genusAlphavirus, reached the Americas in 2013 and, the following year, more than a million cases were reported. In Brazil, indigenous transmission was registered in Amapa and Bahia States, even during the period of low rainfall, exposing the whole country to the risk of virus spreading. Brazil is historically infested by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, also dengue vectors. Chikungunya may spread, and it is important to take measures to prevent the virus from becoming endemic in the country. Adequate care for patients with chikungunya fever requires training general practitioners, rheumatologists, nurses, and experts in laboratory diagnosis. Up to November 2014, more than 1,000 cases of the virus were reported in Brazil. There is a need for experimental studies in animal models to understand the dynamics of infection and the pathogenesis as well as to identify pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to identifying effective drugs against the virus. Clinical trials are needed to identify the causal relationship between the virus and serious injuries observed in different organs and joints. In the absence of vaccines or effective drugs against the virus, currently the only way to prevent the disease is vector control, which will also reduce the number of cases of dengue fever.

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Ferreira, Fátima Cristiane Pinho de Almeida Di Maio, Anamaria Szrajbman Vaz da Silva, Judith Recht, Lusiele Guaraldo, Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira, André Machado de Siqueira, Patrick Gerardin, and Patrícia Brasil. "Correction: Vertical transmission of chikungunya virus: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): e0272761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272761.

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Anjos, Rosângela O., Vánio André Mugabe, Patrícia S. S. Moreira, Caroline X. Carvalho, Moyra M. Portilho, Ricardo Khouri, Gielson A. Sacramento, et al. "Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in an Urban Slum, Brazil." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 7 (July 2020): 1364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.190846.

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Adusei, Jonathan Akwasi, Patrick Williams Narkwa, Michael Owusu, Seth Agyei Domfeh, Mahmood Alhassan, Emmanuel Appau, Alimatu Salam, and Mohamed Mutocheluh. "Evidence of chikungunya virus infections among febrile patients at three secondary health facilities in the Ashanti and the Bono Regions of Ghana." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): e0009735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009735.

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Background Chikungunya is now of public health concern globally due to its re-emergence in endemic areas and introduction into new areas of the world. Worldwide, the vectors for transmission of the chikungunya virus are Aedes mosquitoes and these are prevalent in Ghana. Despite its global significance, the true burden of chikungunya virus infection in Ghana is largely unknown and the threat of outbreak remains high owing to international travel. This study sought to determine chikungunya virus infection among febrile patients suspected of having malaria infections at some selected health facilities in the Ashanti, Bono East, and Bono Regions of Ghana. Methodology This cross-sectional study recruited six hundred (600) febrile patients suspected of having malaria who submitted their clinical samples to the laboratories of the selected health facilities for the diagnosis of their infections. Five to ten millilitres (5-10ml) of venous blood were collected from each study participant. Sera were separated and tested for anti-chikungunya (IgM and IgG) antibodies using InBios ELISA kit following the manufacturer’s instruction. Samples positive for chikungunya IgM and IgG were selected and tested for chikungunya virus RNA using Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test kits were used to screen the participants for malaria. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain demographic and clinical information of the study participants. Result Of the 600 samples tested, the overall seroprevalence of chikungunya was 6%. The seroprevalence of chikungunya IgM and IgG antibodies were 1.8% and 4.2% respectively. None of the chikungunya IgM and IgG positive samples tested positive for chikungunya RNA by RT-qPCR. Of the 600 samples, tested 32.3% (194/600) were positive for malaria parasites. Malaria and chikungunya co-infection was detected in 1.8% (11/600) of the participants. Conclusion Findings from the current study indicate low-level exposure to the chikungunya virus suggesting the virus is circulating and potentially causing morbidity in Ghana.

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Islam, Saiful, and Chandra Nath Podder. "A mathematical analysis of the dynamics of chikungunya virus transmission." GANIT: Journal of Bangladesh Mathematical Society 41, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v41i1.55025.

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In this paper, a deterministic model for the dynamics of chikungunya virus transmission is formulated and analyzed. It is shown that the model has a disease free equilibrium (DFE) and by using the basic reprodution number (R0) local stability of DFE is proved when R0 < 1. Also, the global stability of DFE is investigated by Lyapunov function and LaSalle Invariance Principle. We show that there exists a unique endemic equilibrium (EE) of the model which is locally asymptotically stable whenever R0 > 1 and establish the global stability of the EE when R0 > 1, by using Lyapunov function and LaSalle Invariance Principle for a special case. Numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis show that the destruction of breeding sites and reduction of average life spans of vector would be effective prevention to control the outbreak. Controlling of effective contact rates and reducing transmissions probabilities may reduce the disease prevalence. GANITJ. Bangladesh Math. Soc.41.1 (2021) 41-61

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Broban, Anaïs, Marie-Marie Olive, Michael Luciano Tantely, Anne-Claire Dorsemans, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Jean-Pierre Ravalohery, Christophe Rogier, Jean-Michel Heraud, and Soa Fy Andriamandimby. "Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Directed against Dengue, Chikungunya and West Nile Viruses and Associated Risk Factors in Madagascar, 2011 to 2013." Viruses 15, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081707.

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Arboviruses have been shown to circulate in Madagascar, including West Nile, dengue, and chikungunya viruses, though the extent of their circulation remains poorly documented. We estimated the seroprevalence of these three arboviruses in Madagascar and determined risk factors associated with seropositivity. Serum samples obtained from 1680 individuals surrounding the Sentinel Health Centers network in all regions of the country were analyzed using ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assays for dengue, chikungunya, and West Nile viruses IgG antibodies, and multivariate logistic regression models were run. Overall, 6.5% [IC 95% 3.2–9.9] were seropositive for dengue virus, predominantly of Dengue serotype 1, 13.7% [IC 95% 6.5–20.9] for chikungunya virus, and 12.7% [IC 95% 9.0–16.5] for West Nile virus. There was no association with age, showing that dengue and chikungunya viruses were likely recently introduced. Eastern and Northern parts were more affected by dengue and chikungunya viruses, while West Nile virus seemed to circulate in all parts of the country. Dengue and chikungunya seropositivity were notably associated with high levels of vegetation, as well as frequent work in the forest, and West Nile seropositivity with the presence of cultivated areas, as well as standard of living. This analysis gives a new insight into arboviruses circulation and transmission patterns in Madagascar.

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Corrêa, Diogo Goulart, Fátima Cristiane Pinho de Almeida Di Maio Ferreira, Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz Jr, Patrícia Brasil, and Fernanda Cristina Rueda Lopes. "Longitudinal brain magnetic resonance imaging of children with perinatal Chikungunya encephalitis." Neuroradiology Journal 33, no. 6 (September 21, 2020): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400920959070.

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Chikungunya virus can be transmitted perinatally leading to serious neurological sequelae. We report the longitudinal evolution of the brain magnetic resonance imaging aspects of three cases of mother-to-child Chikungunya virus transmission. The first magnetic resonance imaging scan presented brain cavitations, with or without corpus callosum diffusion restriction. Follow-up scans showed reduction in the volume of cavitations, with resolution of the restricted diffusion. However, one patient presented with a normal brain magnetic resonance image, despite the delay in neurocognitive development.

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Kayange, Neema, Duncan K. Hau, Kevin Pain, Stephen E. Mshana, Robert Peck, Stephan Gehring, Britta Groendahl, et al. "Seroprevalence of Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Children 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2023): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10101662.

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Dengue and chikungunya viruses are frequent causes of malarial-like febrile illness in children. The rapid increase in virus transmission by mosquitoes is a global health concern. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the childhood prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases was conducted on 28 June 2019, and updated on 12 February 2022. The search strategy was designed to retrieve all articles pertaining to arboviruses in SSA children using both controlled vocabulary and keywords. The pooled (weighted) proportion of dengue and chikungunya was estimated using a random effect model. The overall pooled prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in SSA children was estimated to be 16% and 7%, respectively. Prevalence was slightly lower during the period 2010–2020 compared to 2000–2009. The study design varied depending on the healthcare facility reporting the disease outbreak. Importantly, laboratory methods used to detect arbovirus infections differed. The present review documents the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in pediatric patients throughout SSA. The results provide unprecedented insight into the transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses among these children and highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and controlled methodology.

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Jourdain, Frédéric, Henriette de Valk, Harold Noël, Marie-Claire Paty, Grégory L’Ambert, Florian Franke, Damien Mouly, Jean-Claude Desenclos, and Benjamin Roche. "Estimating chikungunya virus transmission parameters and vector control effectiveness highlights key factors to mitigate arboviral disease outbreaks." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): e0010244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010244.

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Background Viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have greatly expanded their geographic range in recent decades. They are considered emerging public health threats throughout the world, including Europe. Therefore, public health authorities must be prepared by quantifying the potential magnitude of virus transmission and the effectiveness of interventions. Methodology We developed a mathematical model with a vector-host structure for chikungunya virus transmission and estimated model parameters from epidemiological data of the two main autochthonous chikungunya virus transmission events that occurred in Southern France, in Montpellier (2014) and in Le Cannet-des-Maures (2017). We then performed simulations of the model using these estimates to forecast the magnitude of the foci of transmission as a function of the response delay and the moment of virus introduction. Conclusions The results of the different simulations underline the relative importance of each variable and can be useful to stakeholders when designing context-based intervention strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of, and advocate for early detection of imported cases and timely biological confirmation of autochthonous cases to ensure timely vector control measures, supporting the implementation and the maintenance of sustainable surveillance systems.

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Wimalasiri-Yapa, B. M. C. Randika, Liesel Stassen, Wenbiao Hu, Laith Yakob, Elizabeth A. McGraw, Alyssa T. Pyke, Cassie C. Jansen, Gregor J. Devine, and Francesca D. Frentiu. "Chikungunya Virus Transmission at Low Temperature by Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes." Pathogens 8, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030149.

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Aedes albopictus is an important vector of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). In Australia, Ae. albopictus is currently only known to be present on the islands of the Torres Strait but, should it invade the mainland, it is projected to spread to temperate regions. The ability of Australian Ae. albopictus to transmit CHIKV at the lower temperatures typical of temperate areas has not been assessed. Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were orally challenged with a CHIKV strain from either Asian or East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotypes (107 pfu/mL), and maintained at a constant temperature of either 18 °C or 28 °C. At 3- and 7-days post-infection (dpi), CHIKV RNA copies were quantified in mosquito bodies, and wings and legs using real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the detection of virus in saliva (a proxy for transmission) was performed by amplification in cell culture followed by observation of cytopathic effect in Vero cells. Of the ≥95% of Ae. albopictus that survived to 7 dpi, all mosquitoes became infected and showed body dissemination of CHIKV at both temperatures and time points. Both the Asian and ECSA CHIKV genotypes were potentially transmissible by Australian Ae. albopictus at 28 °C within 3 days of oral challenge. In contrast, at 18 °C none of the mosquitoes showed evidence of ability to transmit either genotype of CHIKV at 3 dpi. Further, at 18 °C only Ae. albopictus infected with the ECSA genotype showed evidence of virus in saliva at 7 dpi. Overall, infection with the ECSA CHIKV genotype produced higher virus loads in mosquitoes compared to infection with the Asian CHIKV genotype. Our results suggest that lower ambient temperatures may impede transmission of some CHIKV strains by Ae. albopictus at early time points post infection.

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González-Parra, Gilberto C., Diego F. Aranda, Benito Chen-Charpentier, Miguel Díaz-Rodríguez, and Jaime E. Castellanos. "Mathematical Modeling and Characterization of the Spread of Chikungunya in Colombia." Mathematical and Computational Applications 24, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca24010006.

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The Chikungunya virus is the cause of an emerging disease in Asia and Africa, and also in America, where the virus was first detected in 2006. In this paper, we present a mathematical model of the Chikungunya epidemic at the population level that incorporates the transmission vector. The epidemic threshold parameter R 0 for the extinction of disease is computed using the method of the next generation matrix, which allows for insights about what are the most relevant model parameters. Using Lyapunov function theory, some sufficient conditions for global stability of the the disease-free equilibrium are obtained. The proposed mathematical model of the Chikungunya epidemic is used to investigate and understand the importance of some specific model parameters and to give some explanation and understanding about the real infected cases with Chikungunya virus in Colombia for data belonging to the year 2015. In this study, we were able to estimate the value of the basic reproduction number R 0 . We use bootstrapping and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques in order to study parameters’ identifiability. Finally, important policies and insights are provided that could help government health institutions in reducing the number of cases of Chikungunya in Colombia.

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Wang, Yan, Yazhi Li, Lili Liu, and Xianning Liu. "A periodic Chikungunya model with virus mutation and transovarial transmission." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 158 (May 2022): 112002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112002.

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Nsoesie, Elaine O., R. Paul Ricketts, Heidi E. Brown, Durland Fish, David P. Durham, Martial L. Ndeffo Mbah, Trudy Christian, et al. "Spatial and Temporal Clustering of Chikungunya Virus Transmission in Dominica." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2015): e0003977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003977.

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Evans, Tierra Smiley, Ohnmar Aung, Olivia Cords, Lark L. Coffey, Talia Wong, Christopher M. Weiss, Min Thein Maw, et al. "Sylvatic Transmission of Chikungunya Virus among Nonhuman Primates in Myanmar." Emerging Infectious Diseases 28, no. 12 (December 2022): 2548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2812.220893.

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Cavrini, Francesca, Paolo Gaibani, Anna Maria Pierro, Giada Rossini, Maria Paola Landini, and Vittorio Sambri. "Chikungunya: an emerging and spreading arthropod-borne viral disease." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 3, no. 10 (November 21, 2009): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.169.

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The infection caused by the virus Chikungunya is known since the last 50 years, but since the disease was mainly diffuse in geographical areas located in developing countries, a few research work have been made available until the appearance of an important epidemiological outbreak in 2005 in the island of La Reunion, that is part of metropolitan France even if located in the Southern Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. In 2007, a smaller outbreak of Chikungunya developed in the Northern Eastern part of Italy, where the local transmission has been made possible by the enormous population of Aedes albopictus and the presence of a viremic patient coming from the Indian Ocean area. Nowadays, Chikungunya is spreading in Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore. This paper reviews different aspects of the disease caused by Chikungunya virus, including: history, epidemiology, biological and pathogenetic aspects, clinical pictures, diagnosis and treatment.

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Salomão, Natália, Michelle Brendolin, Kíssila Rabelo, Mayumi Wakimoto, Ana Maria de Filippis, Flavia dos Santos, Maria Elizabeth Moreira, et al. "Spontaneous Abortion and Chikungunya Infection: Pathological Findings." Viruses 13, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040554.

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Intrauterine transmission of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) during early pregnancy has rarely been reported, although vertical transmission has been observed in newborns. Here, we report four cases of spontaneous abortion in women who became infected with CHIKV between the 11th and 17th weeks of pregnancy. Laboratorial confirmation of the infection was conducted by RT-PCR on a urine sample for one case, and the other three were by detection of IgM anti-CHIKV antibodies. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and an electron microscopy assay allowed us to find histopathological, such as inflammatory infiltrate in the decidua and chorionic villi, as well as areas of calcification, edema and the deposition of fibrinoid material, and ultrastructural changes, such as mitochondria with fewer cristae and ruptured membranes, endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisterns, dispersed chromatin in the nuclei and the presence of an apoptotic body in case 1. In addition, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found a positivity for the anti-CHIKV antibody in cells of the endometrial glands, decidual cells, syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, Hofbauer cells and decidual macrophages. Electron microscopy also helped in identifying virus-like particles in the aborted material with a diameter of 40–50 nm, which was consistent with the size of CHIKV particles in the literature. Our findings in this study suggest early maternal fetal transmission, adding more evidence on the role of CHIKV in fetal death.

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Chou, Yu-Ching, Chi-Jeng Hsieh, Chun-An Cheng, Ding-Chung Wu, Wen-Chih Wu, Fu-Huang Lin, and Chia-Peng Yu. "Epidemiologic Characteristics of Imported and Domestic Chikungunya Cases in Taiwan: A 13-Year Retrospective Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103615.

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Background: Chikungunya fever is caused by the chikungunya virus. Numerous factors affect the risk of chikungunya transmission. This study explored the epidemiological characteristics, differences, and trends in domestic and imported cases of chikungunya fever in Taiwan in terms of patient sex, age, month of confirmation, and area of residence from 2007 to 2019. Methods: Public annual chikungunya data from Taiwan’s Centers for Disease Control (CDC) were analyzed. In total, 21 confirmed domestic and 198 imported cases of chikungunya were reported. Of the domestic cases, one was sporadic and reported in July 2019, and 20 were attributed to a cluster event during August and September 2019. Results: In a comparison between domestic and imported cases reported from July to October 2019, differences in sex were nonsignificant (p = 0.555), whereas significant differences were observed for age (p < 0.001), month of confirmation (p = 0.005), and place of residence (p = 0.001). An age of 69–69 years (odds ratio (OR) = 6.66, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 2.15–20.65), month of confirmation of September (OR = 5.25, 95%CI = 1.89–14.61) and place of residence of New Taipei City (OR = 48.70, 95%CI = 6.17–384.44) were identified as potential risk factors. Additionally, domestic cases in August and September 2019 increased in proportion to the increase in imported cases during July and August 2019. Increased domestic patients may have been caused by the domestic mosquitoes that transmitted the virus by biting the imported patients to Taiwan. This is the first report comparing domestic and imported cases of chikungunya from surveillance data from the Taiwan CDC from 2007 to 2019. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of longitudinal and geographically extended studies to understand the implications of zoonotic disease transmission on Taiwan’s population. Critical data were identified to inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.

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Veronesi, Eva, Anca Paslaru, Julia Ettlin, Damiana Ravasi, Eleonora Flacio, Matteo Tanadini, and Valeria Guidi. "Estimating the Impact of Consecutive Blood Meals on Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Chikungunya Virus." Pathogens 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060849.

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The continuous expansion of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the increases in autochthonous arboviruses transmissions in the region urge a better understanding of the virus transmission dynamic. Recent work described enhanced chikungunya virus (CHIKV) dissemination in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to a virus-free blood meal three days after their infection with CHIKV. Our study investigated the impact of a second blood meal on the vector competence of Ae. albopictus from southern Switzerland infected with CHIKV. Seven-day-old Ae. albopictus females were exposed to CHIKV-spiked blood and incubated at constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14–28 °C) temperatures. Four days post-infection (dpi), some of these females were re-fed with a non-infectious blood meal. Virus infectivity, dissemination, transmission rate, and efficiency were investigated at seven and ten dpi. No enhanced dissemination rate was observed among females fed a second time; however, re-fed females have shown higher transmission efficiency than those fed only once after seven days post-infection and incubated under a fluctuating temperature regime. Vector competence for CHIKV was confirmed in Ae. albopictus from southern Switzerland. We did not observe an increase in dissemination rates among mosquitoes fed a second time (second blood meal), regardless of the temperature regime.

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Agusto, Folashade B., Shamise Easley, Kenneth Freeman, and Madison Thomas. "Mathematical Model of Three Age-Structured Transmission Dynamics of Chikungunya Virus." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4320514.

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We developed a new age-structured deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of chikungunya virus. The model is analyzed to gain insights into the qualitative features of its associated equilibria. Some of the theoretical and epidemiological findings indicate that the stable disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Furthermore, the model undergoes, in the presence of disease induced mortality, the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where the stable disease-free equilibrium of the model coexists with a stable endemic equilibrium when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Further analysis of the model indicates that the qualitative dynamics of the model are not altered by the inclusion of age structure. This is further emphasized by the sensitivity analysis results, which shows that the dominant parameters of the model are not altered by the inclusion of age structure. However, the numerical simulations show the flaw of the exclusion of age in the transmission dynamics of chikungunya with regard to control implementations. The exclusion of age structure fails to show the age distribution needed for an effective age based control strategy, leading to a one size fits all blanket control for the entire population.

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van den Hurk, Andrew F. "Dengue and the introduction of mosquito-transmitted viruses into Australia." Microbiology Australia 37, no. 4 (2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma16056.

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Dengue virus outbreaks involving 100s of cases periodically occur in north Queensland, the area of Australia where the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, occurs. This article summarises the ecology, history, current situation and control of dengue virus transmission in Australia and examines the threat posed by newly emergent arboviruses, such as Zika and chikungunya viruses.

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Setiyaningsih, Riyani, Ary Oktsari Yanti S, Mega Tyas Prihatin, Evi Sulistyorini, Dwi Susilo, Marjiyanto Marjiyanto, Mujiyanto Mujiyanto, Siti Alfiah, and Triwibowo Ambar Garjito. "ANALISIS KEBERADAAN VEKTOR STADIUM PRADEWASA DAN DEWASA TERHADAP SIRKULASI VIRUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DAN CHIKUNGUNYA DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA." Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vk.v12i1.2930.

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The Special Capital Region of Jakarta is the sixth-highest province with a DHF incidence in Indonesia in 2017, however, no Chikungunya cases were found. North Jakarta, East Jakarta, and West Jakarta were reported as high endemic dengue areas. The purpose of this study to identify the behavior, distribution patterns of dengue vector and chikungunya, and their pathogens as well as their potential transmission in North, East, and West Jakarta. Entomological surveys were conducted by human landing collection, around cattle collection, animal-baited traps, and light traps. The larvae survey was also conducted in selected 100 houses in the study areas. Mosquitoes and larvae of the Aedes genus were collected and examined for the presence of dengue and chikungunya viruses using molecular analysis. The results showed that Ae. aegypti identified as the main Dengue vector and chikungunya vector in DKI Jakarta. Dengue and chikungunya vector were found in various breeding habitat indoor. During this study, Dengue and chikungunya viruses were found in North and West Jakarta. Whereas in East Jakarta only the chikungunya virus circulation was found. Abstrak Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) tertinggi ke enam di Indonesia pada tahun 2017, tetapi kasus chikungunya tidak ditemukan. Wilayah dengan kasus DBD tinggi antara lain Jakarta Utara, Jakarta Timur dan Jakarta Barat. Faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kasus DBD dan chikungunya di suatu daerah antara lain keberadaan vektor dan patogennya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui perilaku, pola distribusi vektor DBD dan Chikungunya, patogen; serta potensi penularannya di Jakarta Utara, Timur, dan Barat Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan dengan umpan orang, umpan ternak, animal-baited trap dan light trap. Survei jentik dilakukan di 100 bangunan masing-masing di Jakarta Utara, Jakarta Timur dan Jakarta Barat. Keberadaan patogen pada nyamuk dan jentik dari genus Aedes diperiksa secara molekuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan vektor DBD dan chikungunya di DKI Jakarta adalah Aedes aegypti. Nyamuk ini ditemukan dominan pada siang hari namun juga berhasil dikoleksi pada malam hari. Tempat perkembangbiakan vektor DBD dan chikungunya cenderung ditemukan di berbagai tempat penampungan air di dalam rumah. Sirkulasi virus DBD dan chikungunya ditemukan di wilayah Jakarta Utara dan Barat, sedangkan di Jakarta Timur hanya diemukan sirkulasi virus chikungunya.

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Yakob, Laith. "Predictable Chikungunya Infection Dynamics in Brazil." Viruses 14, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091889.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first imported into the Caribbean in 2013 and subsequently spread across the Americas. It has infected millions in the region and Brazil has become the hub of ongoing transmission. Using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models trained and validated on Brazilian data from the Ministry of Health’s notifiable diseases information system, we tested the hypothesis that transmission in Brazil had transitioned from sporadic and explosive to become more predictable. Consistency weighted, population standardized kernel density estimates were used to identify municipalities with the most consistent inter-annual transmission rates. Spatial clustering was assessed per calendar month for 2017–2021 inclusive using Moran’s I. SARIMA models were validated on 2020–2021 data and forecasted 106,162 (95%CI 27,303–200,917) serologically confirmed cases and 339,907 (95%CI 35,780–1035,449) total notifications for 2022–2023 inclusive, with >90% of cases in the Northeast and Southeast regions. Comparing forecasts for the first five months of 2022 to the most up-to-date ECDC report (published 2 June 2022) showed remarkable accuracy: the models predicted 92,739 (95%CI 20,685–195,191) case notifications during which the ECDC reported 92,349 case notifications. Hotspots of consistent transmission were identified in the states of Para and Tocantins (North region); Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba and Pernambuco (Northeast region); and Rio de Janeiro and eastern Minas Gerais (Southeast region). Significant spatial clustering peaked during late summer/early autumn. This analysis highlights how CHIKV transmission in Brazil has transitioned, making it more predictable and thus enabling improved control targeting and site selection for trialing interventions.

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Cunha, Marcela S., Nádia V. G. Cruz, Laila C. Schnellrath, Maria Luiza Gomes Medaglia, Michele E. Casotto, Rodolpho M. Albano, Luciana J. Costa, and Clarissa R. Damaso. "Autochthonous Transmission of East/Central/South African Genotype Chikungunya Virus, Brazil." Emerging Infectious Diseases 23, no. 10 (October 2017): 1737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2310.161855.

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Diallo, M., M. Traore-Lamizana, D. Fontenille, and J. Thonnon. "Vectors of Chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.281.

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Le, Bao Chi Thi, Tipaya Ekalaksananan, Kesorn Thaewnongiew, Supranee Phanthanawiboon, Sirinart Aromseree, Thipruethai Phanitchat, Jureeporn Chuerduangphui, et al. "Interepidemic Detection of Chikungunya Virus Infection and Transmission in Northeastern Thailand." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 1660–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0293.

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Sow, Abdourahmane, Birgit Nikolay, Oumar Faye, Simon Cauchemez, Jorge Cano, Mawlouth Diallo, Ousmane Faye, et al. "Changes in the Transmission Dynamic of Chikungunya Virus in Southeastern Senegal." Viruses 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020196.

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In Senegal, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle and causes sporadic cases or small outbreaks in rural areas. However, little is known about the influence of the environment on its transmission. To address the question, 120 villages were randomly selected in the Kedougou region of southeastern Senegal. In each selected village, 10 persons by randomly selected household were sampled and tested for specific anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the association of CHIKV seroprevalence with environmental variables using logistic regression analysis and the spatial correlation of village seroprevalence based on semivariogram analysis. Fifty-four percent (51%–57%) of individuals sampled during the survey tested positive for CHIKV-specific IgG. CHIKV seroprevalence was significantly higher in populations living close to forested areas (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.90 (1.42–2.57)), and was negatively associated with population density (OR = 0.76 (0.69–0.84)). In contrast, in gold mining sites where population density was >400 people per km2, seroprevalence peaked significantly among adults (46% (27%–67%)) compared to all other individuals (20% (12%–31%)). However, traditional gold mining activities significantly modify the transmission dynamic of CHIKV, leading to a potential increase of the risk of human exposition in the region.

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Mavale, Mangala, Geevarghese Geevarghese, Youwaraj Ghodke, Anakkathil Sudeep, Vidya Arankalle, Mangesh Gokhale, Deepti Parashar, and Akhilesh Chandra Mishra. "Venereal Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83, no. 6 (December 6, 2010): 1242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0577.

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Salomão, Natália, Luciana Araújo, Kíssila Rabelo, Elyzabeth Avvad-Portari, Luiz de Souza, Regina Fernandes, Nathália Valle, et al. "Placental Alterations in a Chikungunya-Virus-Infected Pregnant Woman: A Case Report." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050872.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus first isolated in Tanzania, Africa. The virus has spread to Asia as well as South and Central America through infected Aedes mosquitoes. Vertical transmission may also occur, and was first documented during a chikungunya outbreak in La Réunion Island in 2005. Since then, some authors have been discussing the role of the placenta in maternal–fetal CHIKV transmission. CHIKV infection is characterized by fever, headache, rash, and arthralgia. However, atypical manifestations and clinical complications, including neurological, cardiac, renal, ocular, and dermal, may occur in some cases. In this report, we describe the case of a pregnant woman infected by CHIKV during the third trimester of gestation, who presented with severe dermatological manifestations during the epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2019. CHIKV RNA and antigens were detected in the placental tissue, which presented with histopathological (deciduitis, fibrin deposition, edema, fetal vessel thickening, and chorioamnionitis) and ultrastructural alterations (cytotrophoblast with mitochondrial swelling and dilated cisterns in endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles in syncytiotrophoblasts, and thickening of the basement membrane of the endothelium).

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Weaver, Scott C., Rubing Chen, and Mawlouth Diallo. "Chikungunya Virus: Role of Vectors in Emergence from Enzootic Cycles." Annual Review of Entomology 65, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025207.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a re-emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus, has caused millions of cases of severe, often chronic arthralgia during recent outbreaks. In Africa, circulation in sylvatic, enzootic cycles involves several species of arboreal mosquito vectors that transmit among diverse nonhuman primates and possibly other amplifying hosts. Most disease occurs when CHIKV emerges into a human-amplified cycle involving Aedes aegypti and sometimes Aedes albopictus transmission and extensive spread via travelers. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the transition from enzootic to epidemic cycles begins when people are infected via spillover in forests. However, efficient human amplification likely only ensues far from enzootic habitats where peridomestic vector and human densities are adequate. Recent outbreaks have been enhanced by mutations that adapt CHIKV for more efficient infection of Ae. albopictus, allowing for geographic expansion. However, epistatic interactions, sometimes resulting from founder effects following point-source human introductions, have profound effects on transmission efficiency, making CHIKV emergence somewhat unpredictable.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Virus chikungunya – Transmission'

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