Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus challenge'
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Carlson, Jolene Christine. "Dynamics of protection against virulent challenge in swine vaccinated with attenuated African swine fever viruses." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34143.
Full textDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Manuel Borca
Stephen Higgs
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of swine caused by a double-stranded DNA virus. ASFV is endemic in Sardinia and Saharan Africa and has been recently expanded from the Caucasus to Eastern Europe. There is no vaccine to prevent the disease and current control measures are limited to culling and restricted animal movement. Swine infected with attenuated strains are protected against challenge with a homologous virulent virus, but there is limited knowledge of the host immune mechanisms generating that protection. Swine infected with Pret4 virus develop a fatal severe disease, while a derivative strain lacking virulence-associated gene 9GL (Pret4Δ9GL virus) is completely attenuated. Swine infected with Pret4 Δ9GL virus and challenged with the virulent parental virus at 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 dpi showed a progressive acquisition of protection (from 40% at 7 dpi to 80% at 21 and 28 dpi). This animal model was used to associate the presence of host immune response and protection against the challenge. Anti-ASFV antibodies and cytokines in serum, as well as ASFV-specific IFN-γ production in PBMCs, were assessed in each group. Interestingly, with the exception of ASFV-specific antibodies in the surviving swine challenged at 21 and 28 dpi, no solid association between any of the parameters assessed and the extent of protection could be established. These results were corroborated using a similar model based on the use of a rationally attenuated derivative of the highly virulent strain Georgia 2007. These results, encompassing data from 114 immunized swine, underscore the complexity of the system under study where it is very plausible that protection against disease or infection relies heavily on the concurrence and or interaction of different host immune mechanisms.
Heskett, Eric A. "Efficacy of a recombinant Herpes Virus of Turkeys vector vaccine, expressing genes to Newcastle disease virus and Marek's disease virus in chickens and turkeys, against exotic Newcastle disease virus challenge." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000700.
Full textKeckler, M. Shannon. "The role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in protection from pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus challenge : a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1414133541&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textSouto, Ricardo Gomes. "Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33369.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
gm2014
ab2015
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Laforce, Wendy Marie. "The effect of vaccinia virus challenge and adjuvant induced arthritis on chemokine receptor expression by rat leukocytes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ57202.pdf.
Full textRegnard, Guy Louis. "Development of a potential challenge model and plant-produced vaccine candidate for beak and feather disease virus." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15690.
Full textNiederwerder, Megan C. "Clinical disease and host response of nursery pigs following challenge with emerging and re-emerging swine viruses." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20491.
Full textDiagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Raymond R. R. Rowland
Emerging viral diseases cause significant and widespread economic losses to U.S. swine production. Over the last 25 years, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have emerged or re-emerged, costing the industry billions through increased mortality and clinical or subclinical reductions in growth. Nursery pigs are greatly affected by these viruses due to high susceptibility to primary and secondary infections after weaning. However, clinical disease occurs in only a subpopulation of infected pigs and can vary drastically from sudden death to poor growth performance. This thesis documents a series of 4 studies where nursery pigs were challenged with either PRRSV/PCV2 or PEDV; the associations between clinical outcome and several factors affecting viral pathogenesis were investigated. In the first study, the administration of PRRS modified live virus vaccine prior to co-challenge with PRRSV/PCV2 was shown to protect against PRRS but enhance PCV2 replication and pathogenesis. This study provides insight into the role that PRRS vaccination has in both the control and potentiation of clinical disease. In the second study, microbial populations were compared between pigs with the best and worst clinical outcome following PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. Increased fecal microbiome diversity was associated with improved clinical outcome; however, worst clinical outcome pigs had prolonged and greater virus replication, highlighting the host response to viral challenge as a primary determinant of clinical outcome. In the third study, 13 clinical phenotypes were compiled for >450 pigs after PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. Duration of dyspnea and the presence of muscle wasting had the strongest associations with reduced weight gain. This study highlights the opportunity to improve animal welfare and production through improvements in clinical health. In the fourth study, clinical disease was mild to moderate and occurred within the first week after pigs were challenged with PEDV. However, PEDV was detected weeks after clinical disease had resolved and may implicate nursery pigs as an important source of viral carriage and transmission. Overall, the goal of this thesis was to develop models for understanding the impact of emerging and re-emerging viruses to improve recognition and control of disease.
Ashok, M. S. "Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of DNA Vaccines For Japanese Encephalitis In A Murine Intracerebral Japanese Encephalitis Virus Challenge Model." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/169.
Full textOsuagwuh, Uchebuchi I. "Semen quality and the excretion of lumpy skin disease virus in semen following vaccination and experimental challenge of vaccinated bulls." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23607.
Full textDissertation (MSc (Production Animal Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Production Animal Studies
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Soko, Misheck Mica Mafeni. "Evaluation of transgenic RNAi banana and plantain lines for resistance to banana bunchy top disease." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/228515/1/Misheck%20Mica%20Mafeni_Soko_Thesis.pdf.
Full textBwala, Dauda Garba. "Challenge studies in chickens to evaluate the efficacy of commercial Newcastle disease vaccines against the strains of Newcastle disease virus prevalent in South Africa since 2002." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22859.
Full textDissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Production Animal Studies
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Garcia, Andrea Isabel Estévez. "Perfil patogênico de um isolado do vírus da raiva procedente do morcego insetívoro Lassiurus ega e do virus fixo Challenge Virus Standard (CVS) no modelo hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) e camundongo (Mus musculus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-18082010-173232/.
Full textThe isolation of rabies virus (genotype 1) from the non-hematophagous bats is becoming frequent in heavy urbanized areas in Brazil. This work intended to investigate the pathogenicity of a Brazilian rabies virus isolate from the insectivorous bat Lassiurus ega, from PresidentePrudente-SP, comparing with the CVS/32 (Challenge Virus Standard) fixed rabies virus strain. The viruses were reactivated through intracerebral inoculation into mice and the pathogenicity experiments were made in hamsters and mice, challenged by intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID) and intranasal (IN) routes and by superficial abrasion of skin. The presence of virus in the brain of animals manifesting the signs compatible with rabies was confirmed by the direct immunofluorescence test. For the evaluation of the pathogenicity, the clinical manifestations, incubation (IP) and clinical (CP) periods in days and the mortality were considered. In hamsters, the isolate of L. ega exhibited a furious form of rabies with total mortality rate of 2.60%, with following distribution: 2.08% IM (IP: 11 days; CP: 6 days) and 8.33% IN (IP: 10.66 ± 1.15 and PC: 7.33 ± 1.54). The presence of rabies virus in the CNS was detected only in animals inoculated through IM and IN routes. The CVS strain has provoked paralytic disease with a total mortality rate of 39.84% as the follow: 62.50% IM (IP 7.50 ± 2.33; CP: 5.13 ± 1.89), 78.12% ID (IP 9.13 ± 2.23; CP 3.88 ± 2.23) and 18.75% IN (IP 12.00 ± 2.77; CP 7.14 ± 2.54). In mice, the isolate of L. ega manifested signs of aggressiveness and rabies was confirmed in animals that were inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally. The total mortality rate observed in mice was 20%, by the IM route was 50% (IP 16.80 ± 2.20; CP 1.4 ± 0.54) and 30% by the intranasal route (IP 14.00 ± 4.35; CP: 2.66 ± 0.57) respectively. The CVS strain showed a total mortality rate of 45.00% and by the IM route, 100% (PI: 6.30 ± 0.67; CP: 1.5 ± 0.70), by the ID route, 70% (IP: 7.14 ± 1.34; CP 2.28 ± 1.25) and by IN, 30% (IP: 10, 00; C: 1.00) showing signs of paralysis. Compared to the CVS strain, the isolate of L. ega showed difference in mortality rate and signs of aggressiveness were found both in hamster and mouse model. The results suggest that the contact with the insectivorous bats infected with rabies virus would represent a risk of disease transmission, by means of superficial wounds of the skin inflicted by bites or by inhalation of aerosols. By the complete sequencing of the viral G protein of the isolate of L. ega, sequencings of amino acids substitutions were observed at antigenic sites AI, AII, as well as the in domain of fusion dependent on low pH. According to the results, differences in the biological behavior may be associated to the substitutions found in the amino acids sequence of the G protein.
Sattler, Tatjana, Jutta Pikalo, Eveline Wodak, and Friedrich Schmoll. "Ability of ELISAs to detect antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in serum of pigs after inactivated vaccination and subsequent challenge." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-216172.
Full textGers, Sophette. "A histological and immunohistochemical study of the lesions observed in desert warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (Potamochoerus porcus) following experimental challenge with CSF virus." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31364.
Full textAfrikaans: Wilde Afrika varke, nl. vlakvarke (Phacocoerus africanus) en bosvarke (Potamochoerus larvatus) was eksperimenteel infekteer met europese varkpes virus nadat die siekte in kommersiële mak varke diagnoseer is in 2005 (dit was tipeer as subtipe 2.1). Geen inligiting oor die vatbaarheid of potensiële letsels weens europese varkpes infeksie in hierdie wilde varke was beskikbaar nie. Sewe wilde onvolwasse vlakvarke en ses bosvarke is gevang, na die isolasie eenheid van die Onderstepoort Veterinêre Instituut se oor-grens siekte afdeling geneem en intranasal geïnfekteer met die Suid-Afrikaanse isolaat van 2005. Twee in-kontak kontrole diere van dieselfde spesie is gebruik in elke eksperiment om intra-spesie oordraging vas te stel en twee mak varke om virus lewensvatbaarheid en virulensie te demonstreer. Oorlewende diere is uitgesit na 44 dae. Formalien gefikseerde weefsel monsters is versamel van hulle, sowel as van diere wat uitgesit is tydens die eksperiment. Die vlakvarke was klinies normal regdeur die eksperiment, maar het wel histologiese letsels ontwikkel wat subtiel was en ook nie altyd teenwoordig in alle gevalle nie. Drie vlakvarke, waarvan een ‘n in-kontak dier was, het prominente limfo-plasmasitiese perivaskulêre flensing in hul breine ontwikkel. Subtiele letsels het klein hoeveelhede limfoplasmasitiese infiltrasies in verskeie organe en somtyds perivaskulêre flensing ingesluit. In teenstelling, het die bosvarke uitgesproke kliniese tekens soortgelyk aan Europese varkpes in mak varke, ontwikkel. Vier uit die ses diere, insluitend twee in-kontak diere is dood of uitgesit tydens die eksperiment. Met nadoodse ondersoek is daar intestinale nekrose en ulserasie, purulente rinitis en pneumonie gevind. Diere wat dood is, het limfoïede nekrose en limfoïede uitputting getoon, terwyl die oorlewende bosvarke perivaskulêre flensing met limfo-plasma selle in verskeie organe ontwikkel het. Immunohistochemiese demonstrasie van Europese varkpes virus antigen deur gebruik van ‘n kommersieël beskikbare muis monoklonale teenligaam, WH303, het duidelike wydverspreide kleuring in meeste weefsel van die die vlakvarke, bosvarke en mak varke getoon. ‘n Wye reeks van weefsel en sel tipes het met die teenliggam reageer naamlik: mononukliêre selle (monosietmakrofage en limfo-plasma selle), follikulêre retikulêre selle, epiteel, vaskulêre endoteel, mesoteel, gladde spier selle en fibroblaste. Weefsel wat gemerk is met die teenliggaam het ingesluit: mangels, limfknope, milt, derde ooglid, adrenaal klier, urienblaas, vel, lewer, nier, long, sekere selle in die sentrale senuwee stelsel, soos die koroïed pleksus, verskeie dele van die gastro-intestinale stelsel sowel as klier weefsel soos die pankreas en speekselklier. Die mangels was die mees konsekwent gemerkte weefsel, terwyl geen kleuring gevind is in miosiete van skelet of hartspier nie. Uit hierdie werk kon daar afgelei word dat vlakvarke en bosvarke vatbaar is vir Europese varkpes en dat intra-spesie oordraging plaasvind onder eksperimentele omstandighede.
Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Paraclinical Sciences
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Campos, Juliana Roberta. "EFFECTS ON SEMEN QUALITY AND ON ESTABLISHMENT OF PERSISTENT EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS (EAV) INFECTION IN STALLIONS FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL CHALLENGE WITH THE KENTUCKY 84 (KY84) STRAIN." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/6.
Full textBaloglu, Simge. "Assessment of the Expression of Brucella Abortus Heat Shock Protein, Groel, in Vaccinia Virus to Induce Protection Against a Brucella Challenge in Balb/C Mice." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36943.
Full textMaster of Science
Bwala, Dauda Garba. "Challenge studies in chickens to evaluate the efficacy of commercial Newcastle disease vaccines against the strains of Newcastle disease virus prevalent in South Africa since 2002." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02262010-123322/.
Full textSribanditmongkol, Vorachai. "Effects of Psychological Stress on Glucocorticoid Sensitivity of Inflammatory Response to Influenza Vaccine Challenge in Healthy Military College Students." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366195257.
Full textCunha, Elenice Maria Sequetin. "Caracterização genética de amostras do vírus da raiva isoladas de morcegos. Avaliação da patogenicidade e proteção cruzada em camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-30082007-150537/.
Full textTwenty-three rabies viruses isolated from hematophagous, frugivorous and insectivorous bats were characterized genetically by complete sequencing of the region coding the nucleoprotein N. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences, including the lyssavirus and the bat isolates from Chile and USA revealed that the isolates were segregated into four distinct genetic lineages: those related to the vampire bats and to the insectivorous bats 1, 2 and 3. The isolates related to the insectivorous bats 1 were from the Eptesicus furinalis: BR-EF1, BR- EF2, BREF3, BR-EF-4, BR-EA1 e BR-NL2; those of the insectivorous bats2 included the isolates from Molosssus spp: BR-MM1, BR-MM2 and BR-MA1 and the group 3, by the isolates from the Nictinomops laticaudatus: BR-NL1 and BR-NL3. The homology among each group of the insectivorous bats 1, 2 and 3 were greater than 99%, 97% and 99%, respectively. The lineage related to vampire bats was represented by three isolates from the D. rotundus (BR-DR1, BR-DR2 e BR-DR3); five from the fruit bats Artibeus lituratus (BR-AL1, BR-AL2, BR-AL3, BR-AL4) and Artibeus planirostris (BRAP1); two from insectivorous bats (BR-MR1 and BR-EA2) and two from unidentified species (BR-BAT1 and BR-BAT2). Among the sequenced amples, five bat isolates (BR-EF1, BR-NL1, BR-AL3, BR-MM1, BR- DR1) and one dog isolate (BR-C) were selected for the study of their pathogenicity in Swiss mice, inoculating through intracerebral (IC) and intramuscular (IM) routes. All the isolates, when inoculated via IC, were pathogenic, provoking death in 4 - 14 post inoculation days. However, mice inoculated with 500ICLD50 of the same isolates through IM route were found with different death rates: 60.0% (BR-DR1); 50.0% (BR-C, BR-NL); 40.0% (BR-AL3); 9.5% (BR-MM1) and 5.2% (BR-EF10). The same isolates were used for the assessment of cross protection conferred by a commercial vaccine of veterinary use. The mice were vaccinated subcutaneously, receiving either one or two shots of vaccine, and challenged through IC and IM routes. Mice receiving two shots were protected against all the isolates, when challenged intracerebrally. Mice receiving one shot were found only partially protected against the challenge with the fixed PV strain and BR-C isolate. Mice challenged intramuscularly showed 100.0% of protection, with the exception of those vaccinated with one dose and challenged with PV strain, which were found with 66.0% of survivors. These results indicate the possibility of the existence of rabies virus variants circulating in different species of bat population. The data also suggest that the vampires, frugivorous and insectivorous bats share the same lineage of rabies viruses. The commercial vaccine has protected the mice against the challenge with different rabies virus isolates, suggesting that the vaccines usually employed in the field are effective, although some marked difference in neurovirulence by IM inoculation was found among the isolates tested.
Abele, Rommie Navylia. "Challenges of Aging With the HIV Virus and Comorbidities." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4704.
Full textDeBernardis, Justin R. "Phenotypic changes in dendritic cells when challenged with cowpox virus." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007340.
Full textTypescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 49 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Hoopes, Justin Darrel. "Mechanisms of Induced Cell Death in Bluetongue Virus Challenged Human Cell Lines." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/252.
Full textMiniard, Brock M. "Expression of Inflamatory Response Genes in Ferrets Challenged with H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1339452079.
Full textAmuge, Teddy. "Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of cassava challenged with Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72121.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation & University of Pretoria
Plant Science
PhD
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Nqaba, Nokuthula. "An exploration into the challenges teachers face in implementing HIV/AIDS initiatives and programmes in primary schools: a case study of two primary schools in Nyanga Township." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4129.
Full textTwenty years into democracy and South Africa like many of the world‟s nations still faces manifold challenges in dealing with HIV/AIDS. This disease affects millions of people in various forms; socially, economically and politically. HIV/AIDS is considered to be a global pandemic (UNAIDS, 2011). The largest group at risk appears to be people between the ages of 15 and 24. One crucial way of dealing with this pandemic is through education since the emphasis is on prevention. It is against this background that this study explored the challenges teachers face in implementing HIV and AIDS initiatives and programmes in two primary schools in Crossroads, in the Nyanga region, in the Western Cape. It appears that research on this topic is not normally carried out in primary schools. I therefore start from the premise that literature on the topic, especially in this empirical field (primary schools), is limited. The conceptual lens used to understand this complex issue is the Bio-ecological Systems Model of Bronfrenbrenner (1977). Teachers operate within various contexts and their teaching is often influences by their experiences, knowledge and attitudes (Tayob, 2010:3). Furthermore, it appears that the implementation of HIV/AIDS initiatives and programmes at primary school level is dependent on the relationship between many systems. The complexities of understanding these relationships warrant the use of this model within this study. Methodologically, this study employed a qualitative case study research design to investigate this contemporary phenomenon. I employed in-depth qualitative data collection procedures which included: a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that educators are seriously constrained by lack of support from school management and parents when engaging in HIV/AIDS initiatives or programmes at respective primary schools. The study also reveals that educators are not well trained to offer counselling to deal with HIV/AIDS related matters and it becomes worse with those infected. In addition, this study reveals that embedded cultural beliefs play a huge impeding factor in attempts to participate in HIV/AIDS initiatives and programmes, which are aimed to empower both educators and learners. The study therefore recommends a need for stronger financial muscle and support from schools management team to ensure that time set aside for life orientation classes be utilised effectively for the benefit of learners with priority on HIV/AIDS studies and initiative programmes. A strategic inclusion of parents, religious and traditional leaders with the Department of Basic Education and all relevant partners is very critical to achieve the fight against the struggle with HIV/AIDS through means of education at all levels within the sector and beyond.
Kelakazola, Henry Ilunga Kasongo. "W.H.O recommended infant feeding options: assessment of the challenges faced by HIV positive mothers in Mongu District, Zambia." Thesis, UWC, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2869.
Full textW.H.O infant feeding options are presented as a package in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child. These infant feeding options are namely exclusive breastfeeding, replacement feeding and other options such as wet nursing by a tested HIV negative woman and heat treated breast milk. However, in Zambia, like many other poor countries, the cultural attitude towards breastfeeding is that the breastfeeding period generally goes up to two years. This traditional way of feeding is so much rooted in local culture that any cessation of breastfeeding or any introduction of alternative feeding would be a source of concern at community and family levels. In addition, it is a well known fact that stigma and discrimination are still high in the country. It is with this background that we decided to carry out a study in Mongu district which aimed at assessing HIV positive mothers’ knowledge of WHO infant feeding options and looking at the challenges they face vis-à-vis these recommended feeding options. DATA COLLECTION METHODS A total of 10 experienced nurses, who have been working in the HIV/AIDS programme for more than 15 years, were trained in data collection. During home visit, semistructured questionnaires were used during face- to- face interviews of each HIV positive mother who voluntarily took part in the study. SAMPLING AND SAMPLE SIZE Systematic sampling technique was used to constitute our study sample. With this technique, a complete list of 5317 HIV positive mothers was constituted by listing all HIV positive mothers whose names were in the registers of PMTCT at the selected health institutions, and who had infants whose ages ranged from 6 months to 2 years. 1636 HIV positive mothers had babies whose ages were ranging between 6 months and 2 years. Out of the 1636 we selected randomly the first participant from the complete list, and then we went on selecting every 8th HIV positive mother up to the time we constituted a sample of 200 participants. Thereafter, the selected HIV positive mothers were visited individually in their respective households for interview by trained interviewers. During home visit, 5 selected participants declined to take part in our study while 195 HIV mothers voluntarily accepted to be interviewed. RESULTS Analysis of data collected from 195 HIV positive mothers revealed that 144 study participants or 73.8 %( 95% C I 67.6-80%) of all participants knew their status through the PMTCT programme where the “opt out” approach was used to routinely screen pregnant women for HIV during ante natal visit or when admitted to labour wards. It was also established that the assessment of knowledge among study participants of exclusive breastfeeding period was good. 96.9 %( 95% CI 95.66-98.14%) of participants stated that 6 months was the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding when the mother is HIV positive while only 3.07 %( 95% CI 0.65-5.49%) said that exclusive breastfeeding should go beyond 6 months. It was discovered that the majority of HIV positive mothers or 166 participants representing 85.1%(95% CI 80.1-90.1%) who participated in our study considered mixed- feeding as not appropriate for infant born from HIV positive mothers while 29 participants or 14.8%(95% CI 9.8-19.8%) said that mixed feeding was recommendable. It was also found that 95 participants representing 48.7 %( 95% CI 41.6- 55.7%) opted for exclusive breastfeeding, 61 participants or 31.2% (95% CI 24.7-37.7%) participants opted for formula milk while 39 or 20 %( 95% CI 14.4- 25.6%) of participants were mixed-feeding. It was discovered that 118 participants had breastfed. Among them, 53.4 %( 95% CI 46.4-60.4%) participants said that they had breastfeed for up to 6 months while 46.6 %( 95% CI 43-50.2%) said they had breastfeed for more than 6 months. Among those who had breastfed for more than 6 months, 58.1 %( 95% CI 54.6-61.6%) said that they had done so because of financial constraints; 21.8 %( 95% CI 16-27.6%) for fear of discrimination and stigmatization; and 20 %( 95% CI 14.4-25.6%) for fear of discrimination and stigmatization and financial constraints. We also discovered during our research that for the majority of study participants or 81.5%, the decision to opt for one of the infant feeding options was a product of discussion between the HIV positive mothers and other persons such as the husband, friends, relatives and health care provider. CONCLUSION In our study we discovered that though the knowledge of PMTCT and WHO infant feeding options among study participants was good, fear of stigmatization, discrimination and abandonment was high among interviewees. This fear explains why the implementation of WHO infant feeding options is still a serious challenge amongst HIV positive mothers in Mongu, as many HIV positive mothers do not want to be seen in the community as people carrying the virus. It is also for the same reason that our study participants had to choose people to whom to talk to about their HIV positive status and with who to discuss their chosen infant feeding options. Further, due to the high level of poverty among Mongu residents, financial constraint was another major challenge in the implementation of WHO recommended infants feeding options.
Chimatira, Raymond. "Challenges, barriers and opportunities in integrating TB/HIV services in Tsandi District Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3308.
Full textBACKGROUND: Namibia has generalised Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics. In response to the TB/HIV co-epidemics in Namibia, the Ministry of Health and Social Services approved a policy of TB/HIV collaborative activities at national level and the integration of TB/HIV services at the point of service delivery. The present study explored barriers and facilitators of integration of TB and HIV service delivery in Tsandi District Hospital, which lies in rural northern Namibia. It focused on understanding the perspectives of healthcare workers and service users on integration of TB and HIV services at the health facility. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to describe the barriers, facilitators, and opportunities of integrated TB/HIV service delivery in Tsandi District Hospital. The specific objectives were: to describe the staffing and support systems in place for the integration of TB/HIV care; to describe the perceptions and experiences of integrated TB/HIV care by the health care workers, management and co-infected clients; and to describe the factors that facilitate or hinder the integration of TB/HIV services in the district from the point of view of district hospital managers, health care workers and co-infected clients. METHODS: The study used a descriptive qualitative study design with semistructured key-informant interviews conducted with five healthcare managers and senior clinicians and focus group discussions with 14 healthcare workers and five TB/HIV co-infected patients, supplemented by non-participant observation in Tsandi district hospital over two weeks between May – June 2011. Sessions were audiorecorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. RESULTS: Several factors influenced whether and to what degree Tsandi district hospital was able to achieve integration of TB and HIV services. These are: (1) model of care and nature of referral links; (2) the availability and use of human resources and workspace; (3) the system of rotating staff among departments in the hospital; (4) the supply and mode of providing medicines to patients; (5) information systems, recording and reporting arrangements; (6) and the amount of follow-up and supervision of the integrated services. The main suggested barrier factors are: (1) poor communication and weak referrals links between services; (2) inadequate infrastructure to encourage and deliver TB and HIV care; (3) staff shortages and high workload; (4) lack of training and skills among healthcare workers; (5) financial constraints and other socioeconomic challenges; and (6) fragmented recording and reporting systems with limited data use to improve service delivery. The four main facilitating factors are: (1) positive staff attitudes towards TB/HIV integration; (2) common pool of staff managing different programmes; (3) joint planning and review of TB and HIV activities at the ARV Committee; and (4) informal task sharing to alleviate healthcare worker shortages. CONCLUSIONS: This study recommends that the district build on the current facilitators of integration, while the inhibitors should be worked on in order to improve the delivery of TB/HIV services in the district. Simple and practical recommendations have been made to address the some of the barriers at district level. It is hoped that these will inform future planning and review of the current model of care by the District nagement Team.
Kumakech, Edward. "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer prevention in Uganda : prevalence, risk factors, benefits and challenges of post-exposure profylaxis, screening integration and vaccination." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-44517.
Full textSanga, Erica Samson. "Expectations and experiences of Hiv vaccine trial participants at the Mbeya Medical Research Programme in Mbeya, Tanzania 2006-2007." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2027_1308634801.
Full textA qualitative descriptive study approach was used to gather the required information. The sample for this study was drawn from an existing group of volunteers who participated in the vaccine trial at Mbeya Medical Research Centre in 2006-2007. A purposive sampling method was used to select respondents because they had had experience of being participants in a HIV vaccine trial. Twenty audio recorded in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted at the clinic during their routine follow up visits. An open ended interview guideline was used to guide the discussion to elicit the required information from the respondents. The data was transcribed, translated and then analyzed by both content and thematic approach. Ethical procedures were observed, including getting permission from the local ethical committee in Mbeya region and participants were given an informed consent form to read and sign before starting the interview.
Rouamba, Ky-Zerbo Odette. "Enjeux et limites du conseil et du test du VIH (CTV) dans un pays de basse prévalence en Afrique Subsaharienne : cas du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT035/document.
Full textBackground. Treatments are effective for people living with HIVAIDS (PLWHA) care and prevention. However, only 55% of PLWHA are aware of their status. This rate is lower in Central and West Africa (35%). In July 2015, WHO published new guidelines on HIV testing. In Sub-Saharan Africa, there are many studies which results are used to define policies and guidelines on HIV testing at the international level. Few of them are implemented in low HIV prevalence countries, notably French-Speaking West Africa. The overall objective of this thesis is to analyze the challenges and limitations of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) policies and programs in low prevalence countries, over the situation in Burkina Faso and propose new measures to increase the access to HTC services.Methods. Two studies have been conducted. The first one was carried out in the « Multi-country African Testing and Counselling for HIV » (MATCH) project which was implemented in four countries (Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda). It aimed to analyze the motivations and barriers to HTC services practices by users, non-users and providers. In Burkina Faso, the study was carried out in Urban (Ouagadougou) and rural (Dédougou) areas in 2008-2009. In each locality, study sites (client initiated testing and provider initiated testing sites) were chosen, given the level of utilization. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The second study was conducted in 2015, with HTC providers and decision makers at national level. The objective was to analyze their perceptions on WHO 2015 guidelines. A data collection tool explaining the changes introduced in the guidelines has been designed and transmitted via electronic means. Their opinions were analyzed.Results. Guidelines for HTC in Burkina Faso were from 2008. In client initiated testing sites, there were more women (58.5%). However, men (p=0.02), 18-34 years old (p=0.01), and the more educated ones (p=0.001) appeared to have used early services. In multivariate analysis, those categories used often campaigns. Women (p=0.008), 35 years of age and over (p<0.001) and less educated people (p<0.001) sought more often the test in fixed sites. The use of HTC services during campaigns is associated with the desire to know one's HIV status (p<0.01), while outside of campaigns, the health status of the user, the illness or the partner's death was the main concern (p=0.001). Campaigns are associated with the hope of knowing one’s HIV status (p<0.001). There were 61% of users who were repeat testers (2 or more tests). In a multivariate analysis, repeat testing for HIV negative people was associated with higher education, young age and for PLWHA living in urban areas. HTC Providers declared that they faced logistic and material challenges. It resulted in a low quality of services, in particular post-test counselling sessions that were partially done and a low effective reference of PLWHA towards care services. HIV stigma was found to be very high (46% of PLWHA faced internal stigma, 40% of interpersonal stigma, and 11% in health services). Decision-makers and providers have found most of the 2015 guidelines relevant, but were pessimist about their feasibility.Conclusion. This work has identified limitations of HTC at the individual, community, health services and institutional levels in Burkina Faso, and provides significant elements for African low prevalence countries. Given the scarcity of resources, there is a need for innovative strategies for equitable access to HTC, in order to attract more men, and test earlier women, less educated and 34 years or older. Strengthening the capacity of service providers to include a comprehensive range of quality services is necessary. All the aforementioned should be supplemented by the fight against stigma. Paying attention to national HTC experts’ opinion will help for national guidelines review and adapt them to WHO guidelines
JHENG, YU-HAN, and 鄭郁涵. "Challenge model for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5krnyy.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
獸醫學系所
106
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is categorized as one of the highly contagious and economically damaging swine diseases. In year 1991, the first reported outbreak emerged and caused heavy economic losses among the swine farms in Taiwan. Pigs naturally infected or experimentally challenged with PRRS virus (PRRSV) have been shown the characteristics of persistent infection. This disease became the major cause of death and culling of pigs in swine industry. The purpose of this experiment is to establish a PRRSV challenge model in pigs. In the pilot animal challenge test, the PRRSV inoculum strain YMX5 was found to be contaminated with Mycoplasma. Therefore, by challenging pigs with specimens collected from original sick pigs in the field, we successfully re-isolated Mycoplasma free PRRSV strains YMX5-1, YMX5-2 and YMX5-3 from the sera of inoculated pigs using porcine alveolar macrophages. The PRRSV strain YMX5-1 was then selected as the inoculum for further study. Pigs inoculated with YMX5-1 showed obvious and typical clinical signs and pathological changes of PRRSV infection. The protective efficacy of a PRRSV subunit vaccine was then evaluated using the above established challenge model in pigs. Results showed that PRRSV YMX5-1 inoculation resulted in the induction of typical clinical signs and pathological changes of PRRS, and high PRRSV concentrations in serum and tissues in pigs in both control and vaccine groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.1) between the two groups. The results indicate that the vaccine cannot effectively protect pigs from PRRSV infection. The above results showed that this study has successfully established a typical and reproducible PRRSV challenge model. The model can be applied to the development of vaccine and related researches Keywords: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, virus, challenge model
Paik, Daniel Hyunwook. "Lung localized protective responses to heterosubtypic influenza challenge." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-ff60-9c21.
Full textChan, Jennifer. "Pre-existing strain specific neutralising antibodies abrogates the induction of interferon type I and cytotoxic T cell responses to subsequent homotypic influenza A virus challenge." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90751.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2013
Tung, Yen-Chun, and 董彥君. "The effect of E2 glycoprotein vaccination on the distribution of classical swine fever virus antigen after challenge." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90276610208842381943.
Full textLin, Wei-Ting, and 林煒庭. "Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing DEN-2 NS1 antigen effectively immunizes mice against dengue virus challenge." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36633676190162953355.
Full text國防醫學院
微生物及免疫學研究所
92
The objects of this study contains three fold; firstly, to investigate the expression of NS1 protein of Dengue virus via a Caf1 cherapone/usher secretion pathway; secondly, to study the immune response to NS1:Caf1 fusion protein delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 strain in a murine infection model; and thirdly, to determine whether protein priming-oral Salmonella boosting immunization against the Dengue NS1 antigen could induce a protective immune response against Dengue virus challenge. Our results demonstrated that NS1 antigen of Dengue virus could be successfully expressed as a NS1:Caf1 fusion protein and secreted on the surface of the cells in both E.coli and Salmonella via Caf1 secretion system. In particular overexpression of Caf1A resulted in higher level of soluble NS1:Caf1 protein present in the extracellular compartment as compared to that of the non-induced one. This results indicated that Caf1A may also play a critical role in promotion of the assembly and folding of sCaf1 (signal sequence) targeting polypeptide, such as NS1:Caf1 fusion protein. However, mice administrated with single oral dose of S.typhimurium SL1344/pLT105 was not appeared to be eliciting high level of specific anti-NS1 serum titer. But it was significantly increased by 2-3 fold in the anti-NS1 serum titer when co-dosed with amphotericin B suggesting that amphotericin B was likely to be as a potential adjuvant for Salmonella oral vaccine. Furthermore, co-dosing with AmB and S. typhimurium SL1344/pLT105 mice obtained 70% protection against the Dengue virus challenge in comparison with that of 30 % for S.typhimurium SL1344/pLT105 alone. In addition mice immunized with a parenteral NS1 protein vaccine followed by an oral boosting with S. typhimurium SL1344/pLT105 could obtain better protection than by single immunized regime. Taken together the results clearly demonstrated that Dengue NS1 protein antigen could be expressed as a soluble NS1:Caf1 fusion protein and highly displayed on the cell surface in E. coli and Salmonella. Single oral dose with S. typhimurium SL1344/pLT105 could confer partial protection for mice against lethal dose of Dengue virus challenge. Protein priming-oral Salmonella boosting regime could provide an effective way to increasely elicit protective immune response to against Dengue virus challenge. As an adjuvant amphotericin B is able to augment the immune response for Salmonella oral vaccine.
Lin, Chien-Hung, and 林建宏. "Protectivity of Variant F Genotype Newcastle Disease Virus Inactivated Vaccine against Newly Isolated Viscerotropic Velogenic NDV Challenge." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42232628781985652922.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
獸醫學系所
100
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly virulent pathogens of poultrys. Since the recently high occurrence of the Newcastle disease (ND) have been found correlated with the antigenic variation of the causative velogenic viscerotropic NDV (VVNDV),9 isolates of NDV isolated during 2008 to 2010 were chosed to run of its pathogenicity evaluation in term of mean death time (MDT) in chicken embryos, cross hemagglutination- inhibition (HI) test for figuring out of its R-value, phylogenetic analysis of its F gene nucleotide sequence and comparison of the F gene deduced amino acid sequence with the corresponding strains retrieved from GenBank. All the 9 isolates were found with MDT of 44-52 hour and classified as the VVNDV,phylogenetically grouping asⅦe4 basis on the F gene nucleotide analysis and all characterized with 5 deduced amino acids changes (L23-F、I26-T、T29-A、S30-N和T90-A)on its F protein. Seven inactivated ND oil emulsion vaccines (OEV) with monovalent or bivalent antigens prepared from 5 variant genotype of NDVs (VII-V158、III-Ishii、II-VH、II- LaSota及III-Sato) were used for immunizing a group of leghorn males preimmunized with B1 and LaSota live ND vaccines. All the chickens were bled at 3 and 6 weeks post vaccination of the ND inactivated OEV. Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups. Each subgroup was then orally challenged with the Sato strain or a mixture of 4 isolates of genotype VII NDVs (NDV-VII-4). The protectivity of each subgroup against Sato strain challenge was all over 80%. Meanwhile only the subgroup immunized with the vaccine containing the V158 antigen provided 100% protectivity against NDV-VII-4 challenge. In order to figuring out the quanitity of antigen for putting in the inactivated ND vaccine, 4 isolates (V158,V165,V223 and V301) of genotype VII NDV antigen prepared from chicken embryo allantoic fluid or cell culture were used for preparing 16 aluminum hydroxide type vaccines at 4 levels (4X, 2X, 1X and 0.5X) of antigen for immunizing a group of leghorn males preimmunized with B1 and LaSota live ND vaccines. All the chickens were bled at 3 weeks post vaccination of the ND inactivated vaccine. Each group was then orally challenged with the NDV-VII-4. At 7 days post challenges, all the conrol group chickens were died out. Meanwhile all the inactivated NDV immunized provided 100% protection except the groups of the chickens immunized with the inactivated vaccine containing the V165 antigen origeiated from chicken embryo. The above 4 strains of VII genotype NDV is good for using as ND inactivated vaccine producing seed.
Drennan, John D. "DNA vaccines encoding the glycoprotein genes of spring viremia of carp virus, snakehead rhabdovirus, or infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus induce protective immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against an infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus lethal challenge." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33623.
Full textGraduation date: 1999
Miao, Congrong. "Cytokine messenger RNA expression in calves vaccinated intranasally with modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) prior to BRSV challenge." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/miao%5Fcongrong%5F200305%5Fms.
Full textSilva, Tânia Rodrigues da. "Integrity monitoring of reverse osmosis membranes: Potential for naturally present viruses to verify virus removal comparing to MS2 bacteriophages." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/27769.
Full textFerreira, Hugo Miguel Lambuça. "Overcome challenges in influenza virus-like particles downstream process." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/24817.
Full textO desenvolvimento de novas vacinas para o vírus de influenza introduziu uma nova geração de vacinas utilizando partículas semelhantes a vírus (VLPs). A ausência de material genético, possibilidade de produção em linhas celulares e presença de antigénios com imunogenicidade são as principais vantagens em relação às vacinas tradicionais. O desenvolvimento de um processo de purificação de baixo custo mantendo a elevada pureza, potencia e qualidade das VLPs é um desafio. Nesta tese, alguns passos de purificação – clarificação, concentração, cromatografia, polimento e filtração estéril final – foram estudados para desenvolver um novo processo de purificação de VLPs de influenza. Na clarificação, a estratégia usando os filtros D0HC seguido do Opticap XL SHC apresentaram os melhores resultados. Na concentração, a cassete com cut-off de 300 kDa apresentou um maior rendimento na recuperação de hemaglutinina e o mais baixo tempo de operação. Na cromatografia, a membrana Sartobind Q e a resina HiTrap Q HP foram avaliadas, concluindo-se que a resina apresenta maior capacidade de ligação dinâmica e maior resolução na eluição. No polimento, a cromatografia de exclusão molecular e a cromatografia multimodal, operada em flow-through comparadas. Esta última apresentou valores superiores de recuperação de hemaglutinina sendo escolhida por não conter limitações no escalamento. Diferentes materiais foram analisados na filtração estéril final. Na realização da corrida de prova de conceito as condições ótimas e os melhores materiais foram estudadas. No final do processo, obteve-se VLPs de influenza na concentração e qualidade suficiente para avançar para estudos em animais in vivo e para fase clínica I. Adicionalmente, uma nova ferramenta – partículas magnéticas de celulose sulfatada – foram estudadas com objetivo de obter VLPs purificadas e concentradas para utilização em técnicas de caracterização. Em geral, esta tese contribuiu para introduzir uma nova ferramenta e um novo processo de purificação mais económico com elevada pureza, potência e qualidade, para a nova geração de vacinas - VLPs.
iBET
Huang, Yi-Ting, and 黃怡婷. "Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replicon-Based Vaccine Expressing Enterovirus-71 Epitope Confers Dual Protection from Lethal Challenges." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13245472952057346803.
Full text國防醫學院
生命科學研究所
103
To construct a safer recombinant flavivirus vaccine, we exploited a Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) replicon-based platform to generate single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) that expressed heterologous neutralizing epitope SP70 derived from enterovirus-71 (EV71). Such pseudo-infectious virus particles, named SRIP-SP70, although they are not genuine viable viruses, closely mimic live virus infection to elicit immune responses within one round of a viral life cycle. We found that, besides gaining full protection to thwart JEV lethal challenge, female outbred ICR mice, when were immunized with SRIP-SP70 by prime-boost protocol, could not only induce SP70-specific and IgG2a predominant antibodies but also provide their newborns certain degree of protection against EV71 lethal challenge. Our results, therefore, exemplify that this vaccination strategy could indeed confer an immunized host a dual protective immunity against subsequent lethal challenges from either JEV or EV71.
Segoale, Nare Okney. "Challenges faced by mothers with human immunodeficiency virus positive children in Pietersburg Hospital, Limpopo Province South Africa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3435.
Full textThe purpose of the study was to identify and explore the challenges faced by mothers with HIV positive children and who were admitted to Pietersburg Hospital, Limpopo Province, South Africa, during the period of study. A qualitative research methodology was used in the study based on exploratory and descriptive designs. The population for the study included all mothers of children who are HIV positive and had been admitted to the Paediatric Ward of Pietersburg Hospital, Limpopo Province, during the period of study. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to draw a sample of twelve (12) HIV positive participants from the research population. Data was collected from twelve participants through the use of semi-structured in-depth interviews, guided by an interview schedule. Fields notes were captured for non-verbal communication and a voice recorder was used to capture all the audio record of the interview sessions. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from Turfloop Research Ethics Committee (TREC); and permission to collect data at the Pietersburg Hospital was obtained from the Limpopo Department of Health as well as the hospital’s Chief Executive Officer and from the Operational Manager of the Paediatric Ward. The findings from the study indicated that mothers of HIV positive children experienced numerous psychosocial and economic challenges on a daily basis. These challenges include accepting their own and their children’s HIV positive status; and also disclosing the status to their children. They also had to deal with opportunistic infections that the HIV positive children are more susceptible to, as well as challenges of ensuring that their children did not default on the medication schedules. Poverty and the lack of finances to pay for the various special needs of HIV positive children were also other key challenges experienced by the mothers. In light of these findings the study recommends the need for HIV/AIDS education, support from families and significant others as well as from the government. The study also recommends that well-coordinated and integrated inter-departmental intervention programmes are required to help mothers cope with their challenges.
Runyan, Chase. "Evaluation of Immune Response and Performance in Steers of Known Genetic Background Vaccinated and Challenged with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8966.
Full textSkhosana, Thabang Johannes. "A pentecostal response to the challenges of HIV/AIDS in Tumahole." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16052.
Full textChristian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
M. Th. (Missiology (Urban Ministry))
Ebrahim, Sumayyah. "The scope and spectrum of challenges presented to the general surgeon by patients affected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) : a review." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9376.
Full textThesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
Jaiswal, Jessica Lynn. "A qualitative study of urban people of color living with human immunodeficiency virus: challenges related to retention in care, antiretroviral therapy acceptance, and “conspiracy beliefs”." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GF106X.
Full textMabusela, Mmalesiba Dorothea. "An investigation of the challenges and coping mechanisms of home-based caregivers for patients living with HIV in Mamelodi." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4750.
Full textSociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
Zitha, Sipho Siphiwosethu. "An investigation into the role and challenges faced by AIDS Councils in addressing HIV and AIDS in their communities: the case of the Ehlanzeni AIDS Council." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20023.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role and challenges of AIDS Councils in addressing HIV and AIDS in their communities with regard to community mobilization and advocacy within the broader advocacy function of the South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) and within the framework of the HIV & AIDS and STI Strategic plan for South Africa 2007-2011(NSP). A qualitative research design was applied. Individual face to face interviews were conducted with the respondents who were purposively sampled across the five local municipalities comprising Ehlanzeni District Municipality. Similar studies conducted previously suggest that many AIDS Councils stakeholders and members had a limited understanding of their role, and encountered more challenges in addressing HIV and AIDS in their communities. This study revealed that stakeholders and members seem to have steadily progressed in understanding their role as well as in weathering the various challenges they are confronted with within the AIDS councils. Be that as it may, there still exists some gaps between what is envisaged in both the NSPs (NSP 2000-2005 and NSP 2006-2011) and the current situation in many LACs. Many questions still need to be answered if South Africans are prepared to triumph over the AIDS pandemic.
Sociology
M.A. (Sociology (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV and AIDS))
Shoopala, Naemi Ndahambemlela. "Effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at Oshakati District Health Centre in the Republic of Namibia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6082.
Full textHealth Studies
(M.A. (Public Health))
Shoopala, Naemi Ndahambelela. "Effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at Oshakati District Health Centre in the Republic of Namibia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6082.
Full textHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)