Relevant bibliographies by topics / Virtual soil

Academic literature on the topic 'Virtual soil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Virtual soil"

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Scharenbroch, Bryant, John Galbraith, John Lawley, Chris Baxter, and Kris Osterloh. "Soil Judging Goes Virtual for 2021." CSA News 66, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csan.20537.

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Karamanos, Rigas E., and Karen R. Cannon. "VIRTUAL SOIL TESTING: IS IT POSSIBLE?" Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33, no. 15-18 (November 2002): 2599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-120014467.

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Moraes, Diego Augusto de campos, and Anderson Antônio da Conceição Sartori. "AMOSTRAS VIRTUAIS DE ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO COMO SUBSÍDIO AO PLANEJAMENTO PARA ANÁLISE GEOESTATÍSTICA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n3p426-436.

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AMOSTRAS VIRTUAIS DE ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO COMO SUBSÍDIO AO PLANEJAMENTO PARA ANÁLISE GEOESTATÍSTICA DIEGO AUGUSTO DE CAMPOS MORAES1, ANDERSON ANTÔNIO DA CONCEIÇÃO SARTORI2 1 Professor Doutor, Departamento de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas, Faculdade Eduvale de Avaré, Av. Prefeito Misael Eufrásio Leal, 347 - Centro, Avaré - SP, 18705-050, diego.moraes@ead.eduvaleavare.com.br. 2 Professor Doutor, Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Agrárias Georreferenciadas, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – FCA/UNESP, Avenida Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu – SP, 18610-034, sartori80@gmail.com. RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo foi propor uma metodologia de amostragem virtual para atributos do solo em área agrícola, a qual pode subsidiar o planejamento para análise geoestatística. Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 23 amostras de solo (profundidades de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm) do conjunto de dados original, com o objetivo de realizar a validação externa. Foi aplicado o procedimento de polígonos de Thiessen com base nas demais amostras originais do solo (47 amostras) e, em seguida, foram inseridas, aleatoriamente, amostras virtuais (53 amostras). A análise do variograma, validação cruzada, krigagem ordinária e validação externa foram executadas com a finalidade de verificar a robustez da metodologia. A inserção de amostras virtuais mostrou-se promissora, uma vez que o GDE (Grau de Dependência Espacial) e a validação cruzada dos atributos do solo foram aprimorados, situação que não foi observada nos dados originalmente amostrados. A validação externa obteve bons resultados, indicando que a amostragem virtual pode ser utilizada unicamente no planejamento para análise geoestatística. Palavras-chaves: variograma, validação cruzada, solos. VIRTUAL SAMPLES OF SOIL ATTRIBUTES AS A SUBSIDY FOR GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS PLANNING ABSTRACT: The aim of this article was to propose a virtual sampling methodology for soil attributes in an agricultural area, which can support planning for geostatistical analysis. Twenty-three soil samples (depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) from the original data set were selected randomly, for an external validation process. The Thiessen polygons procedure was applied based on the remaining original soil samples (47 samples), and then, virtual samples (53 samples) were randomly inserted. The analysis of the variogram, cross-validation, ordinary kriging and external validation were performed in order to verify the robustness of the methodology. The insertion of virtual samples was promising, since the GDE (Degree of Spatial Dependence) and the cross-validation of soil attributes were improved, which was not observed in the data originally sampled. The external validation obtained good results, indicating that the virtual sampling can be used only in the planning for geostatistical analysis. Keywords: variogram, cross-validation, soil.
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Arduino, Pedro, Augusto Op den Bosch, and Emir José Macari. "Geotechnical Triaxial Soil Testing within Virtual Environment." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1997): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(1997)11:1(44).

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Takács, Péter, János Tamás, and Csaba Lénárd. "Virtual Soil Information Systems in the Bihar Subregion and at Tedej Corp." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 13 (May 4, 2004): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/13/3410.

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After evaluating the sample sites’ soils and environmental status, we built up 2 different soil information systems. The first relies on analog data (soil maps), and is based on a regional model; its sample site is the Bihar sub-region. The second is a complex, field scale virtual 3D system, based on several types of data sources. (Aerial photos, GPS, field samples, hyper and multispectral images, soil maps). In this paper, we analyze and evaluate these systems. The greatest advantage of the models is that, with their usage, we can reveal connections which cannot be made by analyzing the individual elements of our data sources. We discovered that with the help of our systems, the monitoring and evaluating of the processes taking place in the soil is more fast and simple.
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Naseri, Mahyar, Sascha C. Iden, and Wolfgang Durner. "Effective hydraulic properties of 3D virtual stony soils identified by inverse modeling." SOIL 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-99-2022.

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Abstract. Stony soils that have a considerable amount of rock fragments (RFs) are widespread around the world. However, experiments to determine the effective soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) of stony soils, i.e., the water retention curve (WRC) and hydraulic conductivity curve (HCC), are challenging. Installation of measurement devices and sensors in these soils is difficult, and the data are less reliable because of their high local heterogeneity. Therefore, effective properties of stony soils especially under unsaturated hydraulic conditions are still not well understood. An alternative approach to evaluate the SHPs of these systems with internal structural heterogeneity is numerical simulation. We used the Hydrus 2D/3D software to create virtual stony soils in 3D and simulate water flow for different volumetric fractions of RFs, f. Stony soils with different values of f from 11 % to 37 % were created by placing impermeable spheres as RFs in a sandy loam soil. Time series of local pressure heads at various depths, mean water contents, and fluxes across the upper boundary were generated in a virtual evaporation experiment. Additionally, a multistep unit-gradient simulation was applied to determine effective values of hydraulic conductivity near saturation up to pF=2. The generated data were evaluated by inverse modeling, assuming a homogeneous system, and the effective hydraulic properties were identified. The effective properties were compared with predictions from available scaling models of SHPs for different values of f. Our results showed that scaling the WRC of the background soil based on only the value of f gives acceptable results in the case of impermeable RFs. However, the reduction in conductivity could not be simply scaled by the value of f. Predictions were highly improved by applying the Novák, Maxwell, and GEM models to scale the HCC. The Maxwell model matched the numerically identified HCC best.
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Lin, Yulong, Li Yang, Shourong Liu, Xueyan Zhao, Chao Cao, and Chunlin Li. "Virtual simulation technology based research on subsoiling process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 5 (May 25, 2018): 1493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218774358.

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A novel simulation method to research subsoiling process is proposed in this paper. The influence of changing depth of tines cutting soil caused by subsoiler’s structure, road roughness and excitation of tyre and road on subsoiling is investigated. Soil model is divided into three layers, the different characteristics of soil in different depths are also considered. Firstly, a 3D geometry model of tractor–subsoiler system is established. Secondly, road roughness test is designed to measure elevation data of a farmland, then its surface is reconstructed based on harmonic superposition theory. Thirdly, a virtual prototyping model of tractor–subsoiler system is developed, and the depth curves of tines cutting soil with time are obtained based on the reconstructed farmland. Finally, with the method of finite element method (FEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) coupling, MAT147 (MAT_FHWA_SOIL) soil material model which is layered, and depth curves of tines cutting soil, the finite element dynamic analysis of tines cutting soil is simulated. With subsoiling resistance as verification index, the simulation data are compared with the field experimental data. Under subsoiler oscillatory operation, the error rate of simulation is 3.78%. Under subsoiler non-oscillatory operation, the error rate of simulation is 5.02%. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results, which proves that the proposed simulation method can be a good substitute for the subsoiling physical test.
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Narayanan, Anuja. "A Virtual and Comparative Study on Soil Features and its Managing Ability." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v9i1.3808.

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The study is related to the comparison of soil characteristics in some areas from a depth of 1m, 1.2m, and 1.5m; physical and geotechnical properties of the soil samples are studied in the laboratory to develop a simple method to determine the type of soil on a site. The tests conducted are grain size analysis, specific gravity, and field density. Moreover, the research intends to validate the behavior of sieving systems for different types of soils and at various loading conditions. From work, a decision support system to facilitate a sieving system that integrates geological, geotechnical, and structural factors is developed. The study reveals that an increase in the plasticity index decreases the angle of internal friction. The empirical models developed with the help of regression analysis for the benefit of field engineers for predicting the geotechnical properties.
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Briend, R., P. Radziszewski, and D. Pasini. "Virtual soil calibration for wheel–soil interaction simulations using the discrete-element method." Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal 57, no. 1 (April 2011): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/q11-009.

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Wang, Kui Hua, Wen Bing Wu, Deng Hui Wu, and Zhi Qing Zhang. "Study of the Influence of Sediment Properties on Complex Impedance at the Head of Rock-Socketed Pile." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2939.

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Based on virtual soil pile model, the influence of sediment properties on complex impedance at the head of rock-socketed pile is theoretically investigated by virtue of Laplace transform technique and impedance function transfer method. Firstly, the sediment under pile toe is assumed to be virtual soil pile which the cross-section area is the same as the pile. The layered soils surrounding pile are described with plane strain model. Then, by means of initial conditions and boundary conditions of the soil-pile system, the complex impedance at rock-socketed pile head in frequency domain is derived at condition of arbitrary excitation on the pile head. At last, by using parametric study method, the influence of sediment properties on complex impedance at rock-socketed pile head is studied. It is shown that sediment properties have significant influence on complex impedance at the head of rock-socketed pile.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Virtual soil"

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Wright, A. "Tyre/soil interaction modelling within a virtual proving ground environment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7904.

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Off-road mobility defines the ability of land-based vehicles to accelerate, pull loads and climb gradients. Historically, much of the work completed to relate mobility to vehicle and terrain characteristics has been empirical in nature, and has therefore been susceptible to errors caused by the inherent variability of naturally occurring soils. This thesis addresses the off-road mobility of wheeled vehicles, and in particular the use of a finite element (FE) based approach to predict performance metrics such as rolling resistance, drawbar pull and tractive efficiency. Tools to predict these measures of performance have a wide range of applications, including military, agricultural and leisure vehicles, aircraft operating from temporary airfields and planetary landing craft. The current study extends the virtual proving ground (VPG) concept, where a single vehicle model can be subjected to a series of virtual test conditions, to include the assessment of off-road mobility. Throughout, modelling has been carried out using LS-DYNA, a commercially available non-linear dynamic analysis code. Unlike previous studies using FE techniques to investigate wheel / soil interaction, an Eulerian representation of the soil has been employed, which permits a consistent approach to be applied to both purely cohesive and purely frictional soils, as well as those displaying a combination of cohesive and frictional behaviour. At each stage of the research, the validity of the FE-based modelling approach has been assessed using data from controlled experimental testing at Cranfield University’s off-road dynamics facility. A key finding of the work completed is that rate sensitivity in moisture containing soils can significantly affect the accuracy of (empirical, analytical and numerical) model predictions, even at low translational speeds (less than 0.1m/s). This finding highights the adverse impact of simplifications in many previous experimental and modelling studies, which have assumed that rate effects may be ignored providing the translational speed of the vehicle is low.
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Chung, Jae-Won. "Development of a geographic information system-based virtual geotechnical database and assessment of liquefaction potential for the St. Louis Metropolitan area." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Chung_09007dcc80483011.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 24, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-155).
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Hossain, A. K. M. Azad. "Developing a virtual sensor (VS) for mapping soil moisture at high spatial and temporal resolution /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1798966761&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1258141491&clientId=22256.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.
Typescript. Vita. "December 2008." Committee chair: Dr. Greg Easson Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-134). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Schaldach, Ruth [Verfasser]. "Depletive Virtual Water Trade Embedded in the Water-Energy-Soil-Trade-Discourse Nexus / Ruth Schaldach." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1208303430/34.

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Brimo, Khaled. "Modélisation de la dynamique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans des sols soumis à un gradient de contamination allant d’un contexte agricole à un contexte industriel." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA017/document.

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Du fait des activités industrielles anciennes et du recyclage croissant des produites résiduaires organiques d’origine urbaine dans les sols agricoles, des composés organiques persistants, parmi lesquels les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) se retrouvent présents dans les sols français. Dans le cadre de la gestion des sites et sols pollués et de l'évaluation des risques associés aux HAP dans l'environnement, une meilleure connaissance du comportement, de la dissipation, du transfert ou de l’accumulation des HAP dans les sols est alors indispensable. Dans ce but, il est utile de développer une nouvelle génération de modèles numériques basés sur le couplage flexible de l’ensemble des processus majeurs contrôlant la dynamique des HAP dans le sol. Notre travail repose sur la mise en œuvre, dans le cadre de la plateforme VSoil de l’INRA (https://www6.inra.fr/vsoil/The-Project), d'un modèle global interdisciplinaire de dynamique des HAP dans les sols, applicable à l’échelle du terrain et couplant des modules décrivant les principaux processus physiques, biochimiques et biologiques. Ce modèle associe d’une part des modules déjà publiés simulant la décomposition des matières organiques exogènes apportées, le transfert d'eau, le transfert de chaleur et le transport de solutés dans des conditions climatiques réelles, et d’autre part, un nouveau modèle représentant spécifiquement la réactivité des HAP.La démarche numérique adoptée dans ce travail a alors été de i) calibrer le modèle de terrain en utilisant des paramètres déterminés à partir de données expérimentales obtenues au laboratoire et complétées avec une partie des données de terrain obtenues sur une courte période, ii) tester et valider le modèle calibré au terrain à l'aide des données de terrain complémentaires sur des périodes plus longues, iii) tester différentes hypothèses de variation de disponibilité et scenarios climatiques ou d’apports répétés de différents composts sur le devenir de HAP dans le sol. Nos résultats montrent que le modèle peut prédire de manière satisfaisante le devenir des HAP dans le sol sur une gamme de contamination allant de parcelles agricoles amendées avec des matières organiques faiblement contaminées jusqu’à d’anciens sites industriels fortement contaminés et permettent alors de mieux appréhender les processus contrôlant la dynamique des HAP dans ces différents systèmes
Due to former industrial activities and the increasing recycling of organic waste products from urban areas in agricultural soils, increasing amounts of persistent organic compounds, among them polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are to be found in French soils. In the framework of the management of polluted sites and soils and the risk assessment of PAH transfer in the environment, it is essential to better understand the behavior, dissipation, transfer or accumulation of PAH in soils. For this purpose, there is a need to develop a new generation of numerical models based on the flexible coupling between the processes describing PAH dynamics in soil. Our work presents the development and assessment of such model. It is based on the implementation of an interdisciplinary global model, and applicable at the field scale, for PAH in soil by coupling modules describing the major physical, biochemical and biological processes influencing the fate of PAH in soil, with modules that simulate water transfer, heat transfer, solute transport, and organic matter transformation under real climatic conditions. The coupling is performed using the «VSoil» modeling platform of INRA (https://www6.inra.fr/vsoil/The-Project). The steps of our modelling study are the following: i) calibrate the model at the field scale using previously estimated parameters at the lab-scale and completed with field data on a short period of time, ii) test and validate the calibrated model using field experimental data on mid term periods, iii) test different hypotheses of variation of availability and climatic scenarios or repeated applications of different composts on the fate of PAH in soil. Our results show that the model can adequately predict the fate of PAH in soil over a wide range of contamination ranging from agricultural plots amended with weakly contaminated composted organic wastes to old industrial sites heavily contaminated. This new tool allows, therefore, a better understanding of the processes controlling the dynamics of PAH in these different systems
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Park, Borinara. "Development of a Virtual Reality Excavator Simulator: a Mathematical Model of Excavator Digging and a Calculation Methodology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29801.

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Virtual Reality (VR) simulators have become popular because of two distinctive merits. One is the capability to transfer data and information to users in an intuitive way by means of 3-D high-quality graphics output and real input devices. The other is the capability to represent physical systems in mathematical models so that meaningful responses of the systems can be predicted. Previous efforts in VR excavating machine simulator development, however, showed a lack of balance between the fidelity of the model of the physics and the visual representation of the simulated equipment. In order to ensure that a VR construction excavator simulator provides convincing operating results to users, the focus of simulator development needs to be shifted to interaction of physically valid soil and the excavator machine. This research aims to contribute to the development of a VR construction excavator simulator system by proposing a mathematical model of excavator digging and a calculation methodology. The mathematical model of excavator digging provides physically meaningful soil-bucket interaction information to a simulator. The calculation methodology provides systematic and efficient computation methods to ensure the seamless integration of the excavator digging model with a VR simulator system as well as adequate system speed. As a result, the simulator is realized as an engineering process tool equipped with real-time interactivity.
Ph. D.
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Botega, Leonardo Castro. "Análise de imagens tomográficas da Ciência do Solo em ambiente de realidade virtual." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/412.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2176.pdf: 7940164 bytes, checksum: 98727460db08f23e4e24aa4a4b695d4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-28
This work presents a Virtual Reality environment dedicated to the analysis of tomographic images of Soil Science. Its architecture uses models proceeding from a volumetric (3-D) reconstruction algorithm, summed with several graphics processes of manipulation and visualization, in a way to provide immersion and interaction of the user with the virtual scene. Its validation was performed based on a case study involving the analysis of the porosity of the agricultural soil samples, which presents preferential paths for the water and solute flow (fingering). Results illustrate the consistent verification of the preferential paths of the agricultural soil samples, analyzed based on the developed environment.
Este trabalho apresenta um ambiente de Realidade Virtual dedicado à análise de imagens tomográficas da Ciência do Solo. Sua arquitetura utiliza modelos provenientes de um algoritmo de reconstrução volumétrica (3-D) adicionado a diversos processos gráficos de manipulação e visualização, de tal forma a possibilitar imersão e interação do usuário com a cena virtual. Sua validação foi realizada com base em um estudo de caso envolvendo análise de porosidade de amostras de solos agrícolas, os quais apresentam caminhos preferenciais para o fluxo de água e solutos (fingering). Resultados ilustram a verificação consistente dos caminhos preferenciais das amostras de solos agrícolas, analisadas com base no ambiente desenvolvido.
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El, Ouni Asma. "Measuring Air-Water Interfacial Area in Unsaturated Porous Media Using the Interfacial Partitioning Tracer Test Method." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297008.

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Interfacial partitioning tracer tests (IPTT) are one method available for measuring air-water interfacial area (A(ia)).This study used the standard approach comprising tracer injection under steady unsaturated-flow conditions with a uniform water-saturation distribution within the column. Sodium dodecylbezene sulfonate (SDBS) and pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) were used as the partitioning and nonreactive tracers, respectively. Three types of porous media were used for the study: a sandy soil, a well-sorted sand, and glass beads. Initial water saturations, S(w), were approximately 80%, 80%, and 26 % for the soil, sand, and glass beads, respectively. Water saturation was monitored gravimetrically during the experiments. The maximum interfacial areas (A(ia)/(1-S(w))) calculated from the results of the experiments are compared among the three porous media used in this work, and compared to previous air-water interfacial area studies.
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Wargnier, Pierre. "Technologies d'humains virtuels dans le soin aux personnes âgées atteintes de troubles cognitifs : les expériences LOUISE et Virtual Promenade." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM021/document.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l'utilisation des humains virtuels et, plus globalement, des technologies du jeu vidéo pour améliorer le soin aux personnes âgées atteintes de troubles cognitifs. Nos travaux s'articulent autour de deux cas d'utilisation des humains virtuels : comme non-soi et comme soi. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons conçu, implémenté et évalué un agent conversationnel animé, appelé LOUISE (LOvely User Interface for Servicing Elders), ayant pour but de servir d'interface utilisateur accessible dans les dipositifs de compensation cognitives à destination des personnes âgées attenteintes de troubles cognitifs, et un dispositif de thérapie psychologique par la réalité virtuelle pour traiter les conséquences des chutes, appelé Promenade virtuelle. Ces deux projets ont été menés suivant des principes de conception participative en living lab, implicant plusieurs parties prenantes dans le processus de conception (patients, aidants et professionnels de santé)
The work presented in this manuscript investigates the use of virtual huamans, and, more broadly, of video game technologies to improve the care of older adults with cognitive impairment. Our work revolved around two use cases of virtual humans: as non-self and as self. More specifically, we have designed, implemented and evaluated an embodied conversational agent, called LOUISE (LOvely User Interface for Servicing Elders), meant to serve as an accessible user interface in cognitive compensation systems for older adults with cognitive impairment, and a system for virtual reality-based psychological therapy addressing the consequences of falls, called Virtual Promenade. These two projects have been conducted according to the principles of living lab participatory design, involving several stakeholders in the design process (patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals)
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Spekken, Mark. "Creating optimized machine working patterns on agricultural fields." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-22092015-112051/.

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In the current agricultural context, agricultural machine unproductivity on fields and their impacts on soil along pathways are unavoidable. These machines have direct and indirect costs associated to their work in field, with non-productive time spent in manoeuvres when these are reaching field borders; likewise, there is a double application of product when machines are covering headlands while adding farm inputs. Both issues aggravate under irregular field geometry. Moreover, unproductive time can also appear in operations of loading/offloading the machine\'s reservoir with inputs/harvested-goods, which can increase with an improper use of the reservoir due to the inadequate machine path length. On the other hand, irregular steep surfaces present a problem for establishment of row crops and machine paths towards erosion. Though contouring (i.e., performing field operations perpendicular to slope direction) is a common practice to reduce runoff and increase water infiltration, still elevation contours are never parallel, while machine operations always are. Many of these issues were target for optimization in computer path planning for agricultural machines, where unproductivity was overall minimized and attempts of soil loss reduction by more proper path establishment also yielded results. This thesis gathered these issues in a combined path planning approach making possible to address soil loss and unproductive costs to their proper location. A number of methods was proposed and modified: creating and replicating steerable machine track; finding more optimal references for path coverage on irregular surfaces (curved or straight); quantifying the impacts of soil loss for a given path pattern; identifying spatially the water flow and concentration; defining geometrically different manoeuvre types and calculate its time, space and energy demands; obtain the overlapped area of input application; and quantifying the machine replenishment cost in relation to underuse of its reservoir for following tracks of inadequate length. An algorithm-application was achieved, which is capable of simulating a large number of path coverage scenarios and to display optimized ones based on a user defined criteria. Sugarcane crop, grown in Brazilian conditions, was the main object of study in this thesis because of its high in-field mechanization costs (along with unproductive operational costs), high susceptibility of soil erosion in its planting phase, and for occupying an area of predominant rolling surface. Case studies were subject to this algorithm that provided suitable outputs with minimized impacts. The outputs of the algorithm were comprehensive and showed potential for the methods to be used by agricultural decision makers.
No contexto agrícola atual, improdutividade de máquinas agrícolas em campo e seus impactos sobre o solo ao longo de suas vias são inevitáveis. Estas máquinas têm custos diretos e indiretos associados ao seu trabalho no campo, como tempo improdutivo gasto em manobras quando estes atingem os limites do talhão. Também nestes limites, há uma dupla aplicação de insumos agrícolas quando as máquinas estão cobrindo cabeceiras. Ambas as questões se agravam em talhões de geometria irregular. Além disso, o tempo improdutivo também pode aparecer em operações de carga / descarga do reservatório da máquina com insumos / bens colhidos, o que pode aumentar com um uso indevido do reservatório da máquina devido ao comprimento inadequado do percurso em campo. Ainda, superfícies irregulares e íngremes apresentam um problema para o estabelecimento de culturas em fileira e caminhos de máquinas contra declive. Apesar de operações em nível serem uma prática comum para reduzir o escoamento e aumentar a infiltração de água, curvas de nível nunca são paralelas, enquanto operações agrícolas são sempre paralelas. Muitas destas questões foram alvo de otimização computacional para planejamento de percursos de para máquinas agrícolas, onde a ineficiência foi, em geral, minimizada e tentativas de redução da perda de solo estabelecimento de percursos mais adequados também produziu resultados. Esta tese reuniu estas questões em uma abordagem de planejamento de percurso quantificando e direcionando custos de perda de solo e improdutividade de máquinas para sua devida localização. Métodos foram propostos e modificados, como: criar e replicar trajetos transitáveis de máquinas; encontrar referências ideais para a cobertura do trajeto em superfícies irregulares (curvas ou retas); quantificação dos impactos da perda de solo por um determinado padrão de percursos; identificar espacialmente o fluxo da água e sua concentração; definir geometricamente diferentes tipos de manobras e calcular o seu tempo, espaço e energia demandada; obter a área sobreposta de aplicação de insumos; e quantificar custo de reposição da máquina em relação à subutilização de seu reservatório para seguir trajetos de comprimento inadequado. Um aplicativo-algoritmo foi obtido capaz de simular um grande número de cenários de padrões de percurso, e exibindo aqueles que foram otimizados por critérios definidos pelo usuário. A cultura da cana, em condições brasileiras, foi a principal cultura de estudo nesta tese devido ao seu alto custo de mecanização (assim como custos operacionais improdutivos), alta suscetibilidade à erosão do solo na sua fase de plantio, e ocupando predominantemente áreas de superfície irregular. Os estudos de caso foram sujeitos ao algoritmo que obteve resultados coerentes e impactos minimizados. Os resultados do algoritmo mostram potencial para que os métodos avaliados sejam utilizados por tomadores de decisão da área agrícola.
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Books on the topic "Virtual soil"

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Soul Beach. London: Indigo, 2011.

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Soul storm. London: Indigo, 2014.

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Valérie, Janssen, ed. Soul Beach: Een exclusieve club. Vianen [etc.]: The House of Books, 2012.

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Character, virtue theories, and the vices. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 1999.

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Canfield, Jack. Chicken soup for the soul Christmas collection: Holiday stories to warm the heart. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc., 2006.

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Canfield, Jack. Chicken soup for the soul Christmas collection: Holiday stories to warm the heart. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc., 2006.

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Vollbracht, James R. The way of virtue: An ancient remedy to heal the modern soul. Atlanta, GA: Humanics Trade, 1998.

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Vollbracht, James R. The way of virtue: An ancient remedy to heal the modern soul. Atlanta, GA: Humanics Trade, 1998.

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Porphyry. Die Sentenzen des Porphyrios. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1987.

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Bruno, Basile, and Alanus, de Insulis, d. 1202., eds. Psychomachia: La lotta dei vizi e delle virtù. Roma: Carocci, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Virtual soil"

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García, Silvia, Paulina Trejo, Alberto García, and César Dumas. "Virtual Reality and Neural Networks for Exploiting Geotechnical Data." In Contemporary Issues in Soil Mechanics, 14–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01941-9_2.

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Grote, Ulrike, Eric T. Craswell, and Paul L. G. Vlek. "Nutrient and Virtual Water Flows in Traded Agricultural Commodities." In Land Use and Soil Resources, 121–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6778-5_7.

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Lavenus, Julien, Leah Band, Alistair Middleton, Michael Wilson, Mikael Lucas, Laurent Laplaze, and Malcolm Bennett. "Toward a Virtual Root: Interaction of Genomics and Modeling to Develop Predictive Biology Approaches." In Root Genomics and Soil Interactions, 79–92. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118447093.ch5.

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Wu, Shuang, Lei Chen, Bin Liu, Chu Wang, Qingqing Wei, and Yaobing Wang. "Virtual-Sensor-Based Planetary Soil Classification with Legged Robots." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 378–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27538-9_32.

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Huang, Chuanzhi. "Virtual Work Equation-Based Generalized Limit Equilibrium Method." In Limit Analysis Theory of the Soil Mass and Its Application, 151–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1572-9_6.

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Menelas, Bob-Antoine J., and Martin J. D. Otis. "Toward an Automatic System for Training Balance Control Over Different Types of Soil." In Virtual, Augmented Reality and Serious Games for Healthcare 1, 391–408. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54816-1_20.

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King, Edward. "Paranoid Orientalism in Bernardo Carvalho’s O sol se põe em São Paulo." In Virtual Orientalism in Brazilian Culture, 97–118. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137462190_5.

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Saville, Julia F. "Introduction: Poetic Soul-Talk and Civic Virtue." In Victorian Soul-Talk, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52506-8_1.

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Catherine, Darbo-Peschanski. "Milieu et peuples. Entre les traités hippocratiques et Aristote." In Studi e saggi, 13–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-160-0.02.

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The article compares some of the so-called Hippocratic treatises and Aristotle’s Physics, Meteorologics, Ethics and Politics, on what would define a human community, if not a nation. It shows a common absence of the notions of climate and environment but a close way of conceiving the physical continuity between the outside world (immediate or more distant) and the inside of living bodies. Then, the external conditions (seasons, temperatures, nature of the soil) similarly determine the complexions and characters of the populations that experience them. Divergences occur due to the determinism of the external conditions on politics. The Hippocratic treaties do not recognise this, unlike Aristotle, except that the Stagirite excludes from this determinism the Greek City and the virtues, including the civic virtue of justice.
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Magerstädt, Sylvie. "Cyberspace — Dreams, Memory and Virtual Worlds: TRON: Legacy, Total Recall (2012), Inception." In Body, Soul and Cyberspace in Contemporary Science Fiction Cinema, 57–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137399410_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Virtual soil"

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Mukaj, Mimoza, Sofiana Mai, and Magdalena Cara. "Relationship between Soil Organic Matter and Pesticides Residues in Agricultural Soils." In The 4th Global Virtual Conference. Publishing Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/gv.2016.4.1.758.

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Marques, Jose Couto. "Virtual tools for soil mechanics." In 2015 3rd Experiment International Conference (exp.at'15). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/expat.2015.7463248.

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Bader, S., T. Koch, A. Niemoller, and M. Smith. "Mercury Remediation Process Optimization for Clayey Soil." In Transactions - 2020 Virtual Conference. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t122-32088.

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Bader, S., T. Koch, A. Niemoller, and M. Smith. "Mercury Remediation Process Optimization for Clayey Soil." In Transactions - 2020 Virtual Conference. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t32088.

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Bonds, Darcy G., Jacek A. Koziel, Baitong Chen, Christian Haffner, Hailee Christensen, Marshall McDaniel, Chumki Banik, Amy Kaleita, and Adina Howe. "The Nose Knows! Interactions between soil smell and soil health." In 2021 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12-16, 2021. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202100272.

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Martinez Martinez, Damian C., and Margarita S. Narducci. "Spatial Variation Prediction and Mapping of Soil Temperature." In 2020 Virtual Symposium in Plant Omics Sciences (OMICAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/omicas52284.2020.9535656.

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Kshetri, Safal, Brian L. Steward, and Mehari Z. Tekeste. "<i>Modeling Soil Forces on a Rotating Tine Mechanism in Artificial Soil</i>." In 2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202001356.

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Boonmung, Suwanee, Frank E. Eaton, and Kenneth A. Jordan. "Virtual Instrumentation of a Soil Bin for Improved Precision." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2825.

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Miftari, Lutfi, Fran Gjoka, and Elvin Toromani. "Assessment of soil loss and mapping of erosion hotspots in Ulza watershed using GIS." In The 5th Virtual Multidisciplinary Conference. Publishing Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/quaesti.2017.5.1.359.

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Zhang, Xuening, Yong You, and Decheng Wang. "Grassland soil-root complex and its research methods." In 2021 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12-16, 2021. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202100370.

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Reports on the topic "Virtual soil"

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Beal, Samuel, Ashley Mossell, and Jay Clausen. Hydrocarbon treatability study of Antarctica soil with Fenton’s reagent. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41260.

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The study objectives were to determine the effectiveness of Fenton’s Reagent and Modified Fenton’s Reagent in reducing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in petroleum-contaminated soil from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Comparisons of the contaminated soils were made, and a treatability study was completed and documented. This material was presented at the Association for Environmental Health and Sciences Foundation (AEHS) 30th Annual International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy, and Air (Virtual) on March 25, 2021.
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.

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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Crowley, David E., Dror Minz, and Yitzhak Hadar. Shaping Plant Beneficial Rhizosphere Communities. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594387.bard.

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PGPR bacteria include taxonomically diverse bacterial species that function for improving plant mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and disease suppression. A number of PGPR are being developed and commercialized as soil and seed inoculants, but to date, their interactions with resident bacterial populations are still poorly understood, and-almost nothing is known about the effects of soil management practices on their population size and activities. To this end, the original objectives of this research project were: 1) To examine microbial community interactions with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their plant hosts. 2) To explore the factors that affect PGPR population size and activity on plant root surfaces. In our original proposal, we initially prqposed the use oflow-resolution methods mainly involving the use of PCR-DGGE and PLFA profiles of community structure. However, early in the project we recognized that the methods for studying soil microbial communities were undergoing an exponential leap forward to much more high resolution methods using high-throughput sequencing. The application of these methods for studies on rhizosphere ecology thus became a central theme in these research project. Other related research by the US team focused on identifying PGPR bacterial strains and examining their effective population si~es that are required to enhance plant growth and on developing a simulation model that examines the process of root colonization. As summarized in the following report, we characterized the rhizosphere microbiome of four host plant species to determine the impact of the host (host signature effect) on resident versus active communities. Results of our studies showed a distinct plant host specific signature among wheat, maize, tomato and cucumber, based on the following three parameters: (I) each plant promoted the activity of a unique suite of soil bacterial populations; (2) significant variations were observed in the number and the degree of dominance of active populations; and (3)the level of contribution of active (rRNA-based) populations to the resident (DNA-based) community profiles. In the rhizoplane of all four plants a significant reduction of diversity was observed, relative to the bulk soil. Moreover, an increase in DNA-RNA correspondence indicated higher representation of active bacterial populations in the residing rhizoplane community. This research demonstrates that the host plant determines the bacterial community composition in its immediate vicinity, especially with respect to the active populations. Based on the studies from the US team, we suggest that the effective population size PGPR should be maintained at approximately 105 cells per gram of rhizosphere soil in the zone of elongation to obtain plant growth promotion effects, but emphasize that it is critical to also consider differences in the activity based on DNA-RNA correspondence. The results ofthis research provide fundamental new insight into the composition ofthe bacterial communities associated with plant roots, and the factors that affect their abundance and activity on root surfaces. Virtually all PGPR are multifunctional and may be expected to have diverse levels of activity with respect to production of plant growth hormones (regulation of root growth and architecture), suppression of stress ethylene (increased tolerance to drought and salinity), production of siderophores and antibiotics (disease suppression), and solubilization of phosphorus. The application of transcriptome methods pioneered in our research will ultimately lead to better understanding of how management practices such as use of compost and soil inoculants can be used to improve plant yields, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. As we look to the future, the use of metagenomic techniques combined with quantitative methods including microarrays, and quantitative peR methods that target specific genes should allow us to better classify, monitor, and manage the plant rhizosphere to improve crop yields in agricultural ecosystems. In addition, expression of several genes in rhizospheres of both cucumber and whet roots were identified, including mostly housekeeping genes. Denitrification, chemotaxis and motility genes were preferentially expressed in wheat while in cucumber roots bacterial genes involved in catalase, a large set of polysaccharide degradation and assimilatory sulfate reduction genes were preferentially expressed.
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Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien, and Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.
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