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Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual libraries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Phillpot, Clive. "Book museums or virtual libraries." Art Libraries Journal 19, no. 4 (1994): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200009020.

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Although its replacement has not yet been fully developed, the traditional book is likely to be largely superseded in the foreseeable future by electronic publishing. Libraries will become book museums; with librarians as curators; many other librarians will find themselves dealing with unlimited and unpackaged information rather than with pre-packaged artefacts, in a role which will include facilitating and championing public access to information. The electronic ‘virtual library’ will encompass visual as well as verbal information; it will subsume art libraries except insofar as art libraries will become museums, but both the ‘virtual library’ and art libraries will continue to require the skills and vision of art librarians. Finally, in the short term, and perhaps indefinitely, the ‘virtual library’ and the ‘book library’ may not diverge to the extent of parting company altogether: the latter may continue to function as one gateway providing access to the latter.

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Powell, Jill H. "Virtual Engineering Libraries." Science & Technology Libraries 19, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v19n03_08.

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3

Walters, W. Patrick. "Virtual Chemical Libraries." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 62, no. 3 (August 27, 2018): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01048.

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4

Kiy, M. "The virtual library tours." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2019-7-54-63.

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The virtual tours make the new type of library information products borrowed from the tourist and museum practice. The author examines theoretical aspects of designing a virtual tour: Its essential components, tour types, technologies to be used. Qualitative features which allow to expect their rapid growth and implementation in many spheres, in particular, in libraries, are revealed. Library virtual tours are specified and characterized based on the study of different types of libraries. For this purpose, the www-sites of 236 libraries were reviewed. Significant divergence in interpreting the term of “virtual tour” in the museum and library spheres is revealed. The most popular technologies of designing such tours are described. The key objects of the library virtual tours are discussed, i. e. library’s history and current situation, individual divisions, or the most valuable units (old manuscripts, rare collections, etc.).

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5

Vincze, Joseph. "Virtual reference librarians (Chatbots)." Library Hi Tech News 34, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-03-2017-0016.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore integrating chatbot applications into libraries to improve reference services. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores the benefits of using chatbots as virtual reference librarians. Emma the Mentor Public Library’s Catbot is used as a case study. Findings Chatbots cannot replicate the complexity of human interaction (both knowledge and emotional), but these can provide a cost-effective way to answer the majority of routine reference questions and direct users to the appropriate service. Originality/value Readers will increase their awareness of how chatbots can streamline the work of the reference department by answering the majority of routine reference questions and freeing library staff to focus on more demanding research and tasks uniquely suited to humans.

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Mbambo, Buhle. "Virtual Libraries in Africa." Resource Sharing & Information Networks 13, no. 1 (September 18, 1997): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j121v13n01_05.

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7

Novak, Jan. "Virtual Libraries: Service Realities." Australian Academic & Research Libraries 33, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2002.10755175.

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8

Klugkist, Alex C. "Virtual and non-virtual realities: the changing roles of libraries and librarians." Learned Publishing 14, no. 3 (July 2001): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1087/095315101750240458.

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9

De Sarkar, Tanmay. "Library in 3D virtual world: a critical review." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 49, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-07-2018-0059.

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Purpose The purpose of the present study is to explore the possibility of introducing a 3D environment in the library by reviewing current literature and to provide a good understanding of different purposes of using this immersive environment. Design/methodology/approach The present paper is a narrative account of libraries’ presence in the virtual world in combination with an overview of how libraries respond to the 3D environment. Relevant data for the review paper have been collected from library websites, books, journal articles, interview, etc. Findings The study found purposive involvement of libraries in this immersive environment which indicates that users use this exciting 3D medium to satisfy their information requirement. Research limitations/implications The paper basically considers publications containing observations of broader research community in the relevant field and contents in websites dealing with virtual world and outlines the major features as discussed in available documents. The review study infers that the implementation of 3D project in libraries requires a mindset for the specific approach, from the end of both librarians and users, together with involvement of funds. Therefore, a library may start with a beta project and observe the effectiveness from the users’ perspective before embarking on a full-fledged project. Originality/value With numerous examples, as evident from publications and websites, the current review study makes an attempt to improve the understanding of librarians towards informed selection of projected purposes to be integrated with the virtual world from library perspective. The study also presents different approaches of libraries motivating users in the virtual world that other libraries may follow while considering their 3D library project.

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10

Weinberg, Bella. "Virtual Libraries vs. Physical Libraries in Jewish Studies." Judaica Librarianship 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1139.

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Askin, Nicole, Maureen Babb, Pamela Darling, Orvie Dingwall, Lenore Finlay, Kathy Finlayson, Cheryl Haas, and Angela Osterreicher. "Not Virtual Enough: A Virtual Library’s Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research 16, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v16i1.6442.

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As part of the University of Manitoba Libraries Outreach Services, the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA) Virtual Library provides library services to hospitals, health centres, community health agencies, and personal care homes throughout the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba. All services of the WRHA Virtual Library, including the collection, are entirely virtual, though staff are physically located in the University’s health library. In March 2020, shortly after the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, libraries around the world started closing their doors and staff were required to work from home. The virtual infrastructure of our services and collections required no changes in how our patrons accessed the Virtual Library and a smooth transition was expected, but the sudden shift to working from home revealed gaps. This article discusses the unique experience of the WRHA Virtual Library transitioning to a completely virtual environment, the previous reliance on the University’s physical infrastructure, and the inequities identified between librarians and library technicians.

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Grassel, Allison. "Programming in Time of Pandemic: The Year Libraries Went Touchless." Children and Libraries 18, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/cal.18.3.3.

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From virtual storytimes to contactless pickups, libraries truly had a challenge to remain relevant in spring 2020. When COVID-19 fears caused many nationwide libraries to close in March and April, librarians—especially children’s librarians—had to shift gears to reach patrons who could no longer walk through their doors.

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Dahya, Negin, W. E. King, Kung Jin Lee, and Jin Ha Lee. "Perceptions and experiences of virtual reality in public libraries." Journal of Documentation 77, no. 3 (February 11, 2021): 617–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-04-2020-0051.

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PurposeVirtual reality (VR) is becoming a more available technology including in public spaces like libraries. The value and role of VR as a tool for learning and social engagement are unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which library patrons and librarians perceive VR and experience VR through library drop-in programs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on research conducted in seven Washington State Libraries where VR was adopted for drop-in programming for the first time. Data was collected between March and June 2018 and involved interviews with librarians and patrons, a patron user experience survey, and observational field notes from researchers on site during library programs.FindingsFindings are presented in relation to user perceptions of VR compared to their actual VR experiences, and in relation to informal learning and social engagements. The authors frame the analysis and discussion in relation to sociotechnical imaginaries – culturally situated ideas about the relationship between society and technology, and considering the larger cultural landscape that informs collective views about the present and future.Social implicationsThe paper discusses pending and potential inequalities related to gender, race and class in conversation with technology industry and VR. Issues discussed include unequal access to technology in public libraries and representation of minoritized groups in VR.Originality/valueThis work takes a critical perspective considering the inequities in relation to mainstreaming VR through public spaces like libraries.

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Yan, Yalan, Xianjin Zha, Jinchao Zhang, and Xiaorong Hou. "Comparing digital libraries with virtual communities from the perspective of e-quality." Library Hi Tech 32, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-04-2013-0042.

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Purpose – In this study, the authors use the term “e-quality” to refer to information quality, system quality and service quality. This study aims to focus on e-quality, exploring and comparing users' perceptions of digital libraries and virtual communities in the hope that the results of this study can help lead to better understanding of the exact nature of e-quality as perceived by users. Design/methodology/approach – A large-scale survey was conducted for data collection. Data collected from 334 users of digital libraries and virtual communities were used for data analysis. Findings – The study finds that users are likely to perceive a higher level of information quality, system quality and service quality of digital libraries than of virtual communities. Practical implications – The authors suggest that librarians do not need to have concerns over the challenge brought by virtual communities, which indeed have an increasing impact on the way a lot of people seek and gather information. Instead, they should encourage their users to use both digital libraries and virtual communities. The authors believe that the usage of these two types of information sources by users can efficiently inform each other, thus facilitating the e-quality of both digital libraries and virtual communities to reach excellence. Originality/value – Building on the information systems (IS) success model, this study explores and compares users' perceptions of digital libraries and virtual communities in terms of e-quality, which the authors think presents a new view for digital library research and practice alike.

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15

Shoichet, Brian K. "Virtual screening of chemical libraries." Nature 432, no. 7019 (December 2004): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03197.

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16

Desai, Bipin C. "Supporting discovery in virtual libraries." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 48, no. 3 (March 1997): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199703)48:3<190::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-s.

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17

Hughes, Annie M. "Adherence to RUSA’s Guidelines for Virtual Reference Services is Below Expected in Academic Libraries." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 5, no. 4 (December 17, 2010): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8jp6w.

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Objective – To evaluate the quality of academic libraries’ virtual reference services and measure compliance to the Reference & User Services Association’s (RUSA’s) Guidelines for Virtual Reference & User Services. Design – Qualitative research study evaluating virtual reference chat sessions using RUSA’s Guidelines for Virtual Reference & User Services. Setting – Virtual reference environments in public academic libraries in the United States. Subjects – Twenty virtual reference providers from public academic libraries. Methods – Initially researchers selected 1 academic library out of each of the 50 states to evaluate for quality virtual chat reference services, however because of factors including time and availability of virtual chat services to unaffiliated institutions; the sample included only 20 academic libraries. After selecting the 20 academic libraries for evaluation, researchers posed as virtual chat reference patrons using emails and aliases that had no affiliation to any particular institution. Researchers then asked the librarian or library staff a two-part question making sure to leave out any library jargon or anything that would lead the virtual chat reference operator to recognize that they are also affiliated with a library or library school. Using the RUSA Guidelines for Virtual Reference & User Services, researchers then evaluated their virtual chat reference experience for the following: Approachability; Interest; Listening/Inquiring; Searching; Follow-Up; Suggests patron call or visit the library. Main Results – When evaluated for jargon-free websites and overall usability in finding all types of reference services, 80% of the library’s websites were easy to use and jargon free, reflecting overall high usability. Evaluation of library staff’s ability to maintain “word contact” by writing prompts to convey interest in the patron’s question left some room for improvement. Sixty percent of researchers coding their virtual reference experience thought the level of contact was below expected. Information regarding question and answering procedures, question scope, types of answers provided and expected turnaround time for questions was only available in 30% of examined websites. Thirty-five percent of researchers felt that library staff members gathered enough information to answer the question without compromising privacy, however, 25% thought that staff members gathered a very small amount of information on the patron’s need, although privacy never felt compromised. When researchers evaluated the library staff member on their ability to explain how to utilize resources properly, 50% thought the instruction provided was below average. Although 15% believed they received “superior instruction.” Seventy-five percent of the researchers were not asked by a library staff member if the question received an adequate answer, 50% of reference transactions library staff did not consult a librarian or expert, and in 55% of transactions the staff member did not suggest that the patron visit or call the library. Conclusion – While the researchers received some valuable information about the need to improve virtual reference services in academic libraries, there were some flaws in their research. The question they developed was almost too clear and made it difficult for the individual answering the chat reference to adequately perform a reference interview or ask probing questions. It is possible that because researchers carefully planned out their question they set themselves up to create an interaction that would not normally occur in a virtual chat reference environment. Also, because researchers were unable to evaluate what was occurring in the environment surrounding the virtual chat reference providers it was impossible to make a judgment on the speed or length of the interaction. The researchers did come away from the study with results that point to a need to utilize the RUSA guidelines in order to conduct effective reference interviews, maintain appropriate contact with the user when engaging in chat reference, provide instruction and point patrons to quality resources as well as consult an expert on the topic if needed. They surmised that if libraries utilized these guidelines, virtual chat reference services would be improved.

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18

Pascoe, Richard, and Hilary May Black. "Virtual libraries—long overdue: theDigital Agenda Actand Australian libraries." Australian Library Journal 50, no. 2 (January 2001): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.2001.10755949.

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Martell, Charles, Barbara Moran, and Laverna Saunders. "The Disembodied Librarian in the Digital Age, Part II." College & Research Libraries 61, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.61.2.99.

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In the January issue of College & Research Libraries, the author began a discussion of four profound historical discontinuities—time and space, mind and body, real and virtual, and humans and technology—that are reaching critical thresholds as we enter the twenty-first century. Existing within multiple environments—technological, social, and cultural, these discontinuities are seldom acknowledged, but their influence on the future of our institutions is incalculable. An awareness of these discontinuities will assist librarians in (1) creating a new virtual space for libraries as physical space becomes less important, (2) adapting to states of disembodiment caused by roles deeply embedded in virtual environments, and (3) developing the new value-added services necessary for survival in the next millennium. In part II of this discussion, these discontinuities are related to new ways of being and thinking about the future of librarians and libraries. This article is followed by responses from Barbara Moran and Laverna Saunders.

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Frye, Julie Marie, Sarah Carter, Ashley Hosbach, and Leanne Nay. "Continuing a love affair after a separation: Ways to promote books for World Book and Copyright Day." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 10 (November 6, 2020): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.10.502.

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Perhaps for the first time since the founding of American libraries, most librarians were divorced from their physical collections as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although college and research libraries are negotiating various service models, including remote, hybrid, and online, librarians continue to serve their communities while access to physical spaces and materials is limited. While some suggest that libraries are better positioned to provide virtual services than ever before, communities continue to ask for physical books.

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Radford, Marie L., Laura Costello, and Kaitlin Montague. "Surging virtual reference services: COVID-19 a game changer." College & Research Libraries News 82, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.82.3.106.

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In March 2020, academic libraries across the United States closed and sent everyone home, some destined to not reopen for months. University offices closed. Classes were moved online. Suddenly, librarians and staff pivoted to working from home and to all remote services, without time for planning logistics or training. To study the impact of this extraordinary and sweeping transition on virtual reference services (VRS), we conducted a major study of academic library responses to the pandemic that focused on librarian perceptions of how services and relationships with users morphed during this COVID-19 year.Academic librarians rallied to our call, and we collected a total of 300 responses to two longitudinal surveys launched at key points during the pandemic. Data collection focused on two phases in 2020: 1) shutdown and immediate aftermath (mid-March to July), and 2) fall ramp up and into the semester (August to December). Via Zoom, we also interviewed 28 academic librarian leaders (e.g., heads of reference and/or VRS, associate directors for User Services) from September to November. Surveys and interviews centered on adaptations and innovations to reference services, especially VRS and perceptions of changes in user interactions.

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Babini, Dominique. "Cooperative Virtual Libraries: training librarians and editors via the Internet." IFLA Journal 31, no. 3 (October 2005): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035205058799.

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Nur Qomariyah, Astutik, and Rusdiyah Ciptaning Dwi Kusuma. "Analysis of E-mail Transactions in Virtual Reference Services." Record and Library Journal 1, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/rlj.v1-i2.2015.105-119.

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Today, the use of traditional reference desk in the academic libraries has been rarely used, thus expanding or even move to a virtual reference service. A minimum level of virtual reference services are provided in the academic library is currently in general is the electronic mail (e-mail). One of the academic library specifically provide virtual reference services via e-mail is a Petra Christian University (PCU) Library (refdesk@petra.ac.id.). In such services librarians provide assistance to users in finding information and answer questions. This study aimed to analyze the transaction reference services virtually through e-mail at the PCU Library, with a view of the types of questions based on user background, the writing style of language communication interaction used based on user background, and cultural values are revealed behind the user in virtual reference services (e-mail). This study uses content analysis (content analysis) of the transcript e-mail received librarians of reference services began March 10 until June 16, 2015. The results showed that the types of questions asked in reference service virtual (e-mail) in the Library UK Petra include: specific search, access online resources, operation of online resources, policies and procedures for services, and library holdings with background the student (PCU and non-PCU), faculty, and librarians. Based on the background of users found that overall more types of questions asked in virtual reference services (e-mail) is a problem of access to online resources, and generally submitted by the students. Then, the writing style of the user's language in interaction reference service virtual (e-mail) tends to be formal, which includes the word greeting, the message will be delivered, and regards cover, either by the student (PCU and non-PCU), lecturer, or librarians. While cultural values that revealed the background behind the user in virtual reference services (e-mail) is obedience, courtesy and politeness users. Keywords: virtual reference services, e-mail reference service, e-mail transactions, content analysis, academic libraries

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24

Oling, Lori, and Michelle Mach. "Tour Trends in Academic ARL Libraries." College & Research Libraries 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.63.1.13.

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This study explores tour trends in academic Association of Research Libraries (ARL), specifically examining the prevalence of several tour formats, including guided, self-guided, and virtual Web tours. Results from a survey conducted in November 2000 include statistical information about tour administration, audience, and structure, as well as perceptions of librarians in the field. Although tours are still a standard service in most academic ARL libraries, few libraries have formalized methods of testing the efficacy of each format. With the exception of guided tours, librarians’ perceptions of tour effectiveness are dramatically inconsistent with the types of tours they choose to offer.

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Matyasheva, Svetlana S. "Advantages of Library Virtual Reference Services." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 6 (December 11, 2013): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2013-0-6-36-40.

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Information service of users is the most important function of the foreign and the Russian libraries. Informatization and computerization change the user’s needs, professional qualities of librarian-specialist, component part of stock, technology and organization of library processes, and mainly reference service. With the appearance of virtual reference services people got the opportunity to take advantage of the help of specialists, who can demonstrate and provide the necessary high-quality and reliable information.

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Cook, Matt, Zack Lischer-Katz, Nathan Hall, Juliet Hardesty, Jennifer Johnson, Robert McDonald, and Tara Carlisle. "Challenges and Strategies for Educational Virtual Reality." Information Technology and Libraries 38, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i4.11075.

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Virtual reality (VR) is a rich visualization and analytic platform that furthers the library’s mission of providing access to all forms of information and supporting pedagogy and scholarship across disciplines. Academic libraries are increasingly adopting VR technology for a variety of research and teaching purposes, which include providing enhanced access to digital collections, offering new research tools, and constructing new immersive learning environments for students. This trend suggests that positive technological innovation is flourishing in libraries, but there remains a lack of clear guidance in the library community on how to introduce these technologies in effective ways and make them sustainable within different types of institutions. In June 2018, the University of Oklahoma hosted the second of three forums on the use of 3D and VR for visualization and analysis in academic libraries, as part of the project Developing Library Strategy for 3D and Virtual Reality Collection Development and Reuse(LIB3DVR), funded by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services. This qualitative study invited experts from a range of disciplines and sectors to identify common challenges in the visualization and analysis of 3D data, and the management of VR programs, for the purpose of developing a national library strategy.

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Berube, Linda. "Ask Live! UK public libraries and virtual collaboration." Library and Information Research 27, no. 86 (August 13, 2009): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg146.

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Ask A Librarian, the UK public library digital reference service, has been piloting LSSI's Virtual Reference Toolkit. The pilot, managed by Ask administrator Co-East, went live to public users in May 2003 and will continue through September 2003. The pilot objectives include not only an evaluation of the software and support offered by LSSI, but also the eventual integration of the chat component with the main web-form service, and the implications for uptake and sustainability. This article combines a report of the largely positive initial findings of the pilot with an overview of digital reference service and UK public libraries.

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Rosen, Jeff. "M-Libraries: Libraries on the Move to Provide Virtual Access." Journal of Web Librarianship 3, no. 4 (November 23, 2009): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19322900903294470.

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Prince, J. Dale. "M-libraries: Libraries on the Move to Provide Virtual Access." Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA 97, no. 4 (October 2009): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.97.4.022.

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Rakhmatullaev, Marat. "Virtual Digital Libraries for Professional Education." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 18, 2015): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2015vol4.413.

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<p>The article is devoted actual problems of support of the system of professional education on the basis of development corporate network and virtual libraries of colleges. Some important results of applied researches on creation of the corporate network of Uzbekistan libraries are given. The information about the basic information sources (databases, multimedia encyclopedias and characteristics of other resources) actively used in educational process and virtual libraries are included too.</p>

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Kirsch, Breanne. "Virtual Reality." Information Technology and Libraries 38, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i4.11847.

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During the 2019 EDUCAUSE Annual Conference, a large proportion of programs were about virtual reality. This article discusses how virtual reality could be used in libraries and how some institutions are creating VR content.

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32

Kinkus, Jane. "Project Management Skills: A Literature Review and Content Analysis of Librarian Position Announcements." College & Research Libraries 68, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.4.352.

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Project management is pervasive in the literature and practice of many industries, including finance, IT, engineering, and biotechnology. The recent rapid proliferation of complex library services such as virtual reference and digital repositories suggests that the role of librarians is becoming increasingly project-oriented. This article presents an overview of professional project management and a literature review from the library science and management literatures. A content analysis of librarian position announcements was conducted, and indicates that project management skills are in demand for librarians. However, it is unclear whether current library science literature and education adequately address project management skills or other traditionally “extra-librarian” leadership qualities now needed to effectively manage project based initiatives in libraries.

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Devi, Katrin Setio, and Indira Irawati. "Tren Layanan Referensi Virtual Studi Kualitatif Pada 12 Website Perpustakaan di Pulau Jawa." Tik Ilmeu : Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi 4, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/tik.v4i2.1778.

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The virtual reference service (VRS) has been implemented by some libraries in Indonesia. This study aims to identify trends in VRS in some libraries in the Java Island. This research is a qualitative study using descriptive analysis presented as a percentage, then elaborated again with narration or description associated with the field and theory. Using purposive sampling technique, selected 12 libraries to be analyzed on the website. The sample consists of public libraries and special libraries. The results form 12 library samples found to bring trends in the form of presenting referral services if sorted from the most used by the library are email (91%), web forms (75%), chat references (67%), and SMS (8%). Both email and web form used for VSR is using the library's public email. Chat references available on the web library use the Tawk Live Chat App, add on Dalet Galaxy, Whatsapp and Line. VRS in SMS form is only used by the National Library. Email is the most common format used as a communication tool in VRS followed by web forms, chat references and SMS. The results of this study can be used as material for consideration to develop format of VRS in Indonesian libraries

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Hurt, Charlene. "Building libraries in the virtual age." College & Research Libraries News 58, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.58.2.75.

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Khan, Nadim Akhtar, and Tazeem Zainab. "Virtual Reference Services in Modern Libraries." International Journal of Digital Library Systems 5, no. 2 (June 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdls.2015070101.

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Van Horn, Royal. "Virtual Libraries and Valuable .PDF Downloads." Phi Delta Kappan 83, no. 10 (June 2002): 732–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172170208301004.

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Hill, Valerie, and Hyuk-Jin Lee. "Adoption of virtual worlds in libraries." Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 47, no. 1 (November 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504701302.

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Barton, Jane. "Digital libraries, virtual museums: same difference?" Library Review 54, no. 3 (April 2005): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242530510588908.

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Barry, Eithne, Jaclyn Kelli Bedoya, Carolyn Groom, and Laurence Patterson. "Virtual reference in UK academic libraries." Library Review 59, no. 1 (February 9, 2010): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242531011014673.

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Mathews, Brian S. "Libraries' Place in Virtual Social Networks." Journal of Web Librarianship 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2007): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j502v01n02_05.

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Emmanuel Baro, Ebikabowei, Bueaty U. Efe, and Gboyega K. Oyeniran. "Reference inquiries received through different channels." Reference Services Review 42, no. 3 (August 5, 2014): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-09-2013-0049.

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Purpose – This study aims to investigate the different channels reference librarians receive reference inquiries from patrons in university libraries in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was used to collect data on the various channels through which reference librarians received reference inquiries in Nigerian university libraries. The questionnaire was administered using an online method. Findings – It emerged that the face-to-face traditional reference desk was rated as the highest channel through which librarians receive reference inquiries in Nigeria, followed by library Facebook page and phone/short message service (SMS). Instant messaging (IM) and e-mail were identified as the least used channels by the patrons. The challenges mentioned include the absence of policy statements concerning virtual reference services; the lack of information and communications technology (ICT) skills on the part of librarians; slow Internet connectivity; power failures; management’s lack of support for emerging technologies; IM’s limitations; user’s expectations of instant answer; inarticulate requests; and lack of adequate current reference materials. Research limitations/implications – The findings are from a small sample size; therefore, the findings may not be substantial enough to generalize. Further study is necessary to determine if these results are consistent throughout other university libraries in Nigeria. Originality/value – The findings will inform university libraries in developing countries that are planning to adopt virtual reference services to deliver reference services to users anywhere, anytime.

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Sobrido, Maria, Maria-Luisa Alonso-Martín, Juan Medino-Muñoz, Montaña Vivas, Uxia Gutierrez-Couto, and Carolina Pinín. "The role of Spanish health libraries in scientific publication." Journal of EAHIL 17, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32384/jeahil17450.

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Health libraries have been established as publication support services. Despite its importance, there is currently no study about the services that these centers offer. The aim of this work is to understand the role that libraries play in institutional scientific publishing policies. The sample was taken from the National Catalogue of Hospitals, the list of libraries of the Catalogue of Periodicals in Spanish Health Sciences Libraries (c17) and the National Catalogue of Health Sciences Publications (CNCS). Subsequently, virtual health libraries have also been incorporated. From this list, a questionnaire about library staff and activities related to publication process was sent. We obtained a participation rate of 61.21%. The average number of technical personnel was 1.15 in virtual libraries and 0.81 in hospital libraries. The activities carried out have been: training activities (82.2%), counselling (90.1%), dissemination (30.7%) and evaluation (50.5%). The staff in libraries are insufficient. In many cases technicians assume an overwork of serving in both (virtual and hospital libraries). Most libraries offer training and research support services although there are differences between virtual and hospital ones. There is a relationship between the number of technicians and the publication support services.

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Muturi, Elisheba. "Virtual Worlds, Real Libraries: Librarians and Educators in Second Life and Other Multi-User Virtual Environments." Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l'Association des bibliothèques de la santé du Canada 31, no. 1 (July 23, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5596/c10-008.

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Duffus, Orolando. "Assessing UNC-Greensboro’s Reference Interns Program: Enhancing the employability of LIS students." College & Research Libraries News 78, no. 5 (May 11, 2017): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.78.5.259.

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For decades libraries have been highly dependent on student interns to provide reference and other library services. In recent years, the roles and responsibilities of reference librarians have undergone significant changes. With the emergence of technology and development of virtual communication channels, reference service is no longer limited to a single physical space. In many academic libraries, the reference desk is either staffed by highly trained paraprofessionals or by student workers. In other instances, the reference desk has been dissolved or merged with other service points such as circulation or access services. Some libraries have moved to a system where patrons are referred to subject librarians or liaisons when specialized expertise and in-depth research techniques are required.

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Kavanagh, Rosemary. "THE VIRTUAL LIBRARY FOR BLIND AND PRINT DISABLED CANADIAN STUDENTS." Education Libraries 23, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/el.v23i1.138.

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As the Information Age progresses in technological and electronic areas, so mustlibrarians re-define traditional services for those both with. and without sight. Libraries are expected to participate in setting new and better service standards for those with visual disabi lities and/or learning disorders. The Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) Library's national network (VISUNET: CANADA) supports the premise of a virtual library for print disabled C an adians. Information resources, services, and international collaborations such as the Digital Audio Based Information System (DAISY) are producing accessible materials for those who cannot read print. By interconnecting world information resources in any format of choice, and providing the best in content that is both digital and virtual with no limitations, libraries will assist print disabled Canadians to better compete for jobs in a rapidly changing working and learning environment.

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Masuchika, Glenn. "Japanese Cartoons, Virtual Child Pornography, Academic Libraries, and the Law." Reference & User Services Quarterly 54, no. 4 (June 19, 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.54n4.54.

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Many academic libraries are adding comics and cartoon in print form to their collections. Japanese comics, called "manga," are a large part of this collecting. However, in some of these items, there are drawn images of people seemingly under eighteen years of age engaged in highly graphic, uncensored, sex acts. The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether collecting such materials may violate anti-obscenity laws of the United States and expose the collection developer and the library to criminal liabilities. It also suggests that these concerns can lead librarians to self-censorship in their collection development duties.

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Tomer, Christinger. "Virtual libraries, virtual communities, and the future of the public library." Journal of Computing in Higher Education 6, no. 2 (March 1995): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02941037.

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Rognan, Didier. "Development and virtual screening of target libraries." Journal of Physiology-Paris 99, no. 2-3 (March 2006): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2005.12.084.

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DOINEA, Mihai, and Lorena BATAGAN. "Data Content Protection for Virtual Libraries Heritage." Informatica Economica 20, no. 3/2016 (September 30, 2016): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12948/issn14531305/20.3.2016.05.

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Leach, A. "The in silico world of virtual libraries." Drug Discovery Today 5, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(00)01516-6.

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