Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virtual libraries'

This conference paper has been published by IFLA Journal, vol. 31, n 3, 2005, p. 229-233
The development of virtual libraries that offer Internet users access to full-text documents requires the team work of librarians, editors and webmasters. In this presentation, Dr. Dominique Babini, coordinator of the Latin American and the Caribbean Social Sciences Virtual Library of the Latin American Council of Social Sciences´ Network (CLACSO), proposes the option of cooperative virtual libraries and describes how they organized a distance training course via Internet for a group of librarians and editors of 18 countries of Latin American and the Caribbean, pointing out the factors that must be considered for the organization of courses via Internet

This research examines the development of virtual libraries in Commonwealth libraries in Australia in 1998-1999. The background to the study lies in some of the current issues in the information sector, and government responses to those issues. The study begins by considering the nature of the Australian Commonwealth Government, reviewing what government libraries are and whom they serve, and examining the future trends expected to affect Commonwealth libraries. The current state of virtual library research is then reviewed, and the need for research in the Commonwealth library sector examined. The author reviews the virtual library concept as expressed in the literature in the field, determines what a virtual library is, and gives consideration to why virtual libraries are being developed. The issues that affect and are affected by virtual library development are then examined. Based on this, a model of virtual libraries is formulated, along with a brief consideration of the possible application, importance and problems associated with each element of the model. The research design and methods that were used to gather information for this study are then outlined, along with the inherent limitations of the research model. Following this, the findings from a survey of virtual library development in Commonwealth libraries are discussed. The author then conducts some analysis of these responses, and makes comparisons between different Commonwealth library responses, as well as comparisons with virtual library studies conducted in American and Australian academic libraries. The research concludes by attempting to reach some conclusions about Commonwealth virtual library development and the validity of the proposed model of virtual libraries. Flowing from this, recommendations are made for further research in this field.

Providing collections of resources â books, journals, videos, CDs, papers â was and still is a major function of academic libraries to support learning. When resources were offered electronically, libraries responded proactively, integration was done naturally into a virtual environment of learning. Leveraging on the convenience and speed of technology to meet the information needs of students was a challenge that could not be ignored. This paper highlights user education initiatives that relate to the support of learning and teaching in the virtual environment.

This study reports an experiment that examines whether librarians provide equitable virtual reference services to diverse user groups. The relative absence of social cues in the virtual environment may mean greater equality of services though at the same time greater inequalities may arise as librarians can become less self-aware online. Findings indicate that the quality of service librarians provide to African Americans and Arabs is lower than the quality of service they provide to Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and Jewish students. This study adds to the knowledge of subjective bias in the virtual environment by specifying those that are discriminated against online, identifying the kinds of discriminatory actions of virtual reference librarians, and identifying the type of queries that more frequently result in unbiased service.

Atualmente, as tecnologias disponíveis para a fabricação de dispositivos eletrônicos permitem um alto grau de integração de semicondutores. Entretanto, esta integração torna o projeto, a verificação e o teste de circuitos integrados mais difíceis. Normalmente, o projeto de circuitos integrados é consideravelmente afetado com a diminuição do tamanho dos dispositivos eletrônicos em tecnologias sub-micrônicas. Conseqüentemente, os projetistas adotam metodologias rígidas para produzir circuitos de alta qualidade em tempo razoável. Ferramentas de auxílio ao projeto de circuitos eletrônicos são utilizadas para automatizar algumas das etapas do projeto, ajudando o projetista a encontrar boas soluções rapidamente. Uma das tarefas mais difíceis no projeto de circuitos integrados é fazer com que o circuito respeite as restrições de atraso. Isto depende de várias etapas do processo de síntese. Em metodologias baseadas em bibliotecas de células, isto está diretamente relacionado ao algoritmo para mapeamento tecnológico e as células disponíveis na biblioteca. O atraso de cada célula depende do tamanho dos transistores e da topologia da rede de transistores. Isso determina as características de atraso, potência e área de uma célula. O mapeamento tecnológico define as principais características estruturais do circuito, principalmente em área, potência e atraso. A qualidade do circuito mapeado depende das células disponíveis na biblioteca de células. Este trabalho propõe um novo método para mapeamento com bibliotecas virtuais para redução de atraso em circuitos combinacionais. Ambos os algoritmos baseiam-se em uma topologia de células capaz de implementar funções Booleanas com cadeias mínimas de transistores em série. Os algoritmos reduzem o número de transistores em série do caminho mais longo do circuito, considerando que cada célula é implementada por uma rede de transistores que obedecem um número máximo de transistores em série. O número de transistores em série é calculado de forma Booleana, garantindo que este seja o número mínimo necessário para implementar a função lógica da célula. Os algoritmos estão integrados a um gerador de células que utiliza tal topologia e realiza o dimensionamento dos transistores. Ganhos significativos podem ser obtidos combinando estas duas técnicas em uma ferramenta para mapeamento tecnológico.
Currently, microelectronic technologies enable high degrees of semiconductor integration. However, this integration makes the design, verification, and test challenges more difficult. The circuit design is often the first area under assault by the effects of aggressive scaling in deep-submicron technologies. Therefore, designers have adopted strict methodologies to deal with the challenge of developing high quality designs on a reasonable time. Electronic Design Automation tools play an important role, automating some of the design phases and helping the designer to find a good solution faster. One of the hardest challenges of an integrated circuit design is to meet the timing requirements. It depends on several steps of the synthesis flow. In standard cell based flows, it is directly related to the technology mapping algorithm and the cells available in the library. The performance of a cell is directly related to the transistor sizing and the cell topology. It determines the timing, power and area characteristics of a cell. Technology mapping has a major impact on the structure of the circuit, and on its delay and area characteristics. The quality of the mapped circuit depends on the richness of the cell library. This thesis proposes two different approaches for library-free technology mapping aiming delay reduction in combinational circuits. Both algorithms rely on a cell topology able to implement Boolean functions using minimal transistors stacks. They reduce the overall number of serial transistors through the longest path, considering that each transistor network of a cell has to obey to a maximum admitted chain. The mapping algorithms are integrated to a cell generator that creates cells with minimal transistor stacks. This cell generator is also in charge of performing the transistor sizing. Significant gains can be obtained in delay due to both aspects combined into the proposed mapping tool.

Migration from the traditional to web-based library paradigm is usually accompanied by remodelling of many library core activities particularly those associated with user-centred services. In this capacity of the web-based service paradigm, many academic libraries have established networked environments within which many virtual-user communities are forming and growing. Understanding the virtual user's needs in these communities has become the first priority of networked libraries for designing, running and managing effective virtual reference services to meet the increasing expectations of the invisible users. To achieve this, the networked libraries strive to improve their quality of service by applying a wide range of such quality management approaches as quality function deployment (QFD) and LIBQUAL™. QFD initially stresses on driving continuous improvement of the user-oriented services towards end-user satisfaction. The paper attempts to incorporate the QFD to be integrated strategically in designing and managing e-information provision within networked library service environment. The UAE University Library is used as a case study, where the evidence-based librarianship (EBL) approach has been employed in three studies to identify user needs and acceptance of e-services. Based on these studies, the paper presents a model aimed at streamlining e-services for virtual users in ICT-rich learning environments.

La representació de les molècules per mitjà de descriptors moleculars és la base de moltes de les eines computacionals pel disseny de fàrmacs. Aquests mètodes computacionals es basen en l'abstracció de l'estructura química per resumir aquelles característiques rellevants sent al mateix temps eficients en la comparació de grans llibreries de molècules. Una característica molt important d'aquests descriptors és la seva habilitat de capturar la informació rellevant per la interacció amb qualsevol proteïna independentment de l'esquelet del compost. Això permet detectar com a similars qualsevol parella de compostos amb les mateixes característiques ordenades de la mateixa manera al voltant d'esquelets essencialment diferents, una propietat a la qual hom es refereix com a "scaffold hopping". Tenint en compte això, un nou conjunt de descriptors basat en la distribució de parelles de característiques farmacofòriques centrades en els àtoms per mitjà del concepte de teoria de la informació de l'entropia de Shannon [1], anomenats SHED, s'han desenvolupat.
Aquests descriptors han sigut usats amb èxit en nombroses aplicacions importants en el procés de descoberta de fàrmacs. Després de la implementació de noves tecnologies in vitro com ara el "high-throughput screening" i la química combinatòria, la capacitat de sintetitzar i assajar compostos va augmentar exponencialment però alhora la necessitat d'una selecció racional dels compostos va fer-se patent. La priorització dels compostos en termes de la predicció de la seva probabilitat de mostrar la activitat desitjada és per tant una de les primeres aplicacions del perfilat virtual basat en lligands usant els descriptors SHED.
En realitat, aquesta metodologia es pot estendre al punt de vista quimiogenòmic del procés de descoberta de fàrmacs, usant els descriptors per generar models basats en ligands de totes les proteïnes amb informació de lligands. Aquesta aproximació més ampla, el perfilat virtual de proteïnes, és un pas més per completar la matriu d'activitat entre tots els possibles compostos químics i totes les proteïnes rellevants. A més, una anàlisi més aprofundida d'aquesta matriu completa generada per mitjà del perfilat virtual de proteïnes pot dur-nos a una perspectiva de farmacologia en xarxa del procés de descoberta de fàrmacs. Aquesta direcció pot ser seguida afegint a aquesta informació de lligands i proteïnes la informació relativa a rutes de reaccions i anàlisi de sistemes, donant lloc a l'anomenada biologia química de sistemes que pot ajudar a entendre els processos biològics com un conjunt i a identificar de manera més racional noves i prometedores dianes terapèutiques.
The representation of molecules by means of molecular descriptors is the basis of most of the computational tools for drug design. These computational methods are based on the abstraction from the chemical structure to summarize its relevant features while being efficient in the comparison of large molecule libraries. A very important feature of these descriptors is their ability to capture the information relevant for the interaction with any target independently from the scaffold of the compound. This will allow detecting as similar any two compounds with the same features arranged in the same way around essentially different scaffolds, a property referred to as scaffold hopping. With this in mind, a new set of descriptors based on the distribution of atom-centred pharmacophoric feature pairs by means of the information theory concept of Shannon entropy [1], called SHED, have been developed.
These descriptors have been successfully used in a number of applications important in the drug discovery process. After the implementation of novel in vitro technologies like high-throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry, the capacity of synthesizing and testing compounds increased exponentially but the need for a rational selection of the compounds arose as well. The prioritisation of compounds in terms of their predicted chances of displaying the targeted activity is thus one of the first applications of the ligand-based virtual ligand screening based on SHED descriptors. This application has shown very good results, both in terms of enrichment of actives in the hit list and in terms of scaffold hopping ability, i.e. the novelty of the scaffolds of the found actives in the top ranked compounds.
Actually, this methodology can be extended to a chemogenomics view of the drug discovery process, using the descriptors to build ligand-based models of all the proteins with any ligand information. This broader approach, the virtual target profiling, is a step towards completing the activity matrix between all possible chemical compounds and all relevant targets. Moreover, a deeper analysis of this complete matrix generated by virtual target profiling can lead us to a network pharmacology perspective of the drug discovery process. This direction can be further followed by adding to ligand-target information the information about pathways and systems approaches, leading to a systems chemical biology approach that could help understanding biological processes as a whole and identifying more rationally novel and promising drug targets.

Duplicating a time series study done by Kuhlthau and associates in 1989, this study examines the applicability of the Information Search Process (ISP) Model in the context of a virtual learning environment. This study confirms that students given an information seeking task in a virtual learning environment do exhibit the stages indicated by the ISP Model. The six-phase ISP Model is shown to be valid for describing the different stages of cognitive, affective, and physical tasks individuals progress through when facing a situation where they must search for information to complete an academic task in a virtual learning environment. The findings in this study further indicate there is no relationship between the amount of computer experience subjects possess and demonstrating the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions described by the ISP Model. The study demonstrates the ISP Model to be independent of the original physical library environments where the model was developed. An attempt is made to represent the ISP model in a slightly different manner that provides more of the sense of motion and interaction among the components of thoughts, feelings, and action than is currently provided for in the model. The study suggests that the development of non-self-reporting data collection techniques would be useful in complementing and furthering research to enhance and refine the representation of the ISP Model. Additionally, expanding the research to include the examination of group interaction is called for to enhance the ISP Model and develop further applications that could potentially aid educational delivery in all types of learning environments.

This 105-page report is deposited with permission of the Digital Library Federation which retains copyright. It is freely available in html and pdf formats at the DLF Web site or may be purchased in softcover edition for $20 from DLF.
This report, commissioned by DLF, provides an overview of a diverse set of more than thirty digital library aggregation services, organizes them into functional clusters, and then evaluates them more fully from the perspective of an informed user. Most of the services under review rely wholly or partially on the Protocol for Metadata Harvesting of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI-PMH). Each service is annotated with its organizational affiliation, subject coverage, function, audience, status, and size. Critical issues surrounding each of these elements are presented in order to provide the reader with an appreciation of the nuances inherent in seemingly straightforward factual information, such as "audience" or "size." Each service is then grouped into one of five functional clusters: open access e-print archives and servers; cross-archive search services and aggregators; from digital collections to digital library environments; from peer-reviewed "referratories" to portal services; specialized search engines. This publication was deposited with permission of the publisher (Digital Library Federation Council on Library and Information Resources Washington, DC.).

The purpose of this survey is to describe how selected United States Government agencies provide information to the public via Internet services. With more than 2,000 Federal library and information centers located throughout the world this effort, of necessity, is selective and findings neither represent all libraries nor do they identify all approaches currently used to present information via the Web. An effort has been made to describe services without attributing values to particular site characteristics. This report provides a brief snapshot in time of a complex and rapidly evolving world. While not definitive in scope, it is hoped that this report will provide a baseline for anyone who may wish to revisit some of these sites in the future to determine how services may have been expanded, reduced, or refined.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Este estudo focaliza a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias – BVS DIP Brasil, com vistas a propor um conjunto de parâmetros para o alcance de sua efetividade. Os conceitos de biblioteca virtual, biblioteca híbrida e a noção de efetividade, esta formulada no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, foram buscados para sustentar teoricamente a pesquisa. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram utilizados os métodos de pesquisa documental – exame de textos do campo da Ciência da Informação de caráter empírico sobre avaliação de serviços de informação na web; exame de documentos fundadores e de avaliação da BVS DIP Brasil, análise do sítio desta biblioteca virtual relativos a conteúdo, forma de apresentação, navegabilidade e aspectos administrativos – e entrevista feitas com representantes de três segmentos: pesquisadores/usuários, gestores e bibliotecários. Os resultados alcançados consistiram num conjunto de parâmetros que, focalizando aspectos informacionais, comunicacionais e gerenciais poderão ser entendidos como uma contribuição para o aprimoramento da biblioteca virtual estudada, com vistas à sua efetividade.
This study focuses on the Health Virtual Library in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases – BVS DIP Brazil, in order to propose a set of parameters to obtain effectiveness. The concepts of virtual library, hybrid library and the notion of effectiveness, the lattrer formulated within the framework of Information Science, were searched to give theoretical support to the research. This is a qualitative research in which methods of documentary research were used - analysis of empirical texts in the field of information science about the evaluation of information services on the web; examination of founding and evaluation documents concerning to the BVS DIP Brazil, and analysis of the virtual library site related to its contents, presentation, navigability and administrative aspects – and also interviews were made with representatives people of three segments: researchers / users, managers and librarians. The work resulted in a set of parameters, that by focusing on informational, communication and management aspects, can be understood as a contribution to the improvement of the analysed virtual library, with a view to its effectiveness.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho de investigação é desenvolver um framework baseado na tecnologia de virtualização para ser implementado num centro de informação ou numa biblioteca, a fim de permitir aos utilizadores destas instituições poderem aceder à informação através de um computador virtual. O framework tem por base um modelo de biblioteca digital e utiliza sinergeticamente um conjunto de outras tecnologias como o Hyper-V 2012 R2, SQL Server, virtualização de desktop, remote desktop connection e sistemas de segurança integrados. Foram efetuados vários inquéritos sobre o framework a diversas comunidades de utilizadores para se obter informação sobre a pertinência da solução e também a especialistas em Informática sobre a parte mais técnica do framework. Executámos ainda testes de carga laboratoriais ao modelo proposto. O trabalho insere-se no âmbito das Humanidades Digitais, foi norteado e está imbuído do espírito explicitado na reflexão da Comissão Europeia: “Europe’s Future: Open Innovation, Open Science, Open to the World”. Ou seja, pretende ser um contributo para a inovação científica e a disponibilização gratuita para o seu uso generalizado. Pretende-se com este trabalho facilitar a permeabilidade entre bibliotecas (repositórios do saber adquirido) e a computação, potenciando a acessibilidade à informação; ABSTRACT: The main goal of this research work is a framework development based on the virtualization technology to be implemented both in an information center or library to dispose the information to the users by a virtual computer. This framework is based from a digital library and uses a set of other technologies such as the Hyper-V 2012 R2, SQL server, desktop virtualization, remote desktop connection and integrated security systems. Several inquiries were made about framework to various user communities in order to obtain information about the importance of the solution as well as computation experts about the technical issue of the framework. We also performed laboratory load tests on the proposed model. This research work is part of the digital humanities, has been guided and imbued with the spirit explicit in the reflection of the European Commission: “Europe’s Future: Open Innovation, Open Science, Open to the World”. That is, it intends to be a contribution to scientific innovation and the free availability for its widespread use. The aim of this work is to facilitate the permeability between libraries (repositories of acquired knowledge) and computation, enhancing accessibility.

This descriptive study examines effective online school library practice. A Delphi panel selected a sample of 10 exemplary sites and helped to create two research tools--taxonomies designed to analyze the features and characteristics of school library Websites. Using the expert-identified sites as a sample, a content analysis was conducted to systematically identify site features and characteristics. Anne Clyde's longitudinal content analysis of school library Websites was used as a baseline to examine trends in practice; in addition, the national guidelines document, Information Power: Building Partnerships for Learning, was examined to explore ways in which the traditional mission and roles of school library programs are currently translated online. Results indicated great variation in depth and coverage even among Websites considered exemplary. Sites in the sample are growing more interactive and student-centered, using blogs as supplemental communication strategies. Nevertheless, even these exemplary sites were slow to adopt the advances in technology to meet the learning needs and interests of young adult users. Ideally the study's findings will contribute to understanding of state-of-the-art and will serve to identify trends, as well as serving as a guide to practitioners in planning, developing, and maintaining school library Websites.

This master thesis aims to critically analyze the state of digital libraries in Swedish academic libraries. With the branching theory of sense-making and the methodology of DELOS and IFLA/UNESCOs digital library manifestos, this thesis hopes to bring to light how far Swedish academic libraries have progressed. By accumulating quantitative data encompassing all digital academic libraries in Sweden, and qualitative data from a select few, conclusions regarding the aforementioned are drawn. Focusing on content analysis, this thesis analyzed the different components that can be said to constitute the digital library and compared them to the different manifestos that dictate what a digital library can be said to consist of. By employing the elusive sense-making theory as a general modus of mind, one can begin to understand thought-making processes behind the tapping of digital library resources. Results from this thesis found that some functions and components are present within all academic libraries in Sweden, but that the digital library primarily tends to focus on resource acquisition and not so much on resource presentation. User environments are not prioritized. Different aspects are presented in regards to mobile optimization, social media, information organization, information design etc. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.
Den här masteruppsatsen syftar till att undersöka digitala bibliotek och digitala miljöer på svenska högskole- och universitetsbibliotek. Med sense-making som huvudsaklig teoretiskt ramverk och DELOS och IFLA/UNESCOs olika manifest gällande digitala bibliotek hoppas uppsatsen visa hur långt svenska bibliotek har kommit i relation till det digitala. Via samlandet av kvantitativ data från alla svenska akademiska bibliotek, och kvalitativ data från ett fåtal utvalda, kommer uppsatsen till diverse slutsatser. Med fokus på innehåll och funktion så undersöker uppsatsen vilka komponenter som kan sägas utgöra det digitala biblioteket i jämförelse med manifesten och deras ideala digitala bibliotek. Med hjälp av sense-making kan man få en förståelse för tankessättet och hur användare angriper de digitala resurserna. Resultaten från uppsatsen visade att det finns en viss grad av framsteg och utveckling som alla bibliotek har nått, men att den digitala satsningen oftast endast inbegriper samlandet av resurser och uppbyggandet av databaser snarare än presentation och design. Miljöer som gör att användarna frodas prioriteras ofta bort. Olika aspekter presenteras i relation till detta såsom mobil-optimering, sociala medier, informationsorganisation, informationsdesign osv. Det här är en tvåårig masteruppsats inom Arkiv, Bibliotek och museum.

A fundamentação teórica deste estudo baseia-se em pensadores que analisam as culturas modernas e pós-modernas, enfocando as tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Essas tecnologias têm adquirido destaque nos campos da pesquisa acadêmica e da ciência da informação. Com a intenção de aproximar os usuários pesquisadores dos estoques de informação institucionalizada estão sendo criadas as bibliotecas virtuais. A Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde Reprodutiva (BVSR), mantida pela Biblioteca e pelo Departamento de Saúde Materno-Infantil da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, faz parte destas novas tecnologias e encontra-se no centro deste estudo. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como está se processando a comunicação entre a BVSR e o seu usuário, pesquisadores da área da saúde reprodutiva, procurando identificar as suas expectativas, se há barreiras nesta comunicação e melhorar as formas de promover uma comunicação interativa para ampliar o significado deste tipo de serviço. O método adotado é de natureza qualitativa e conhecido como grupo focal, que foi aplicado através de três reuniões em salas de chat (Internet relay chat) na Internet. Os resultados apontaram para a pouca divulgação da BVSR e a baixa assimilação da comunicação interativa pela sociedade. Várias sugestões para a melhoria da comunicação da BVSR foram colocadas, como: a criação de um espaço de encontro, integração das bases e outras BVs, disponibilização de fontes validadas, visual mais moderno, com a segmentação de acordo com os perfis de usuários, entre outras.
The theoretical foundation of this study is based on theorists who analyze modern and post-modern cultures, focusing attention on information and communication technologies. These technologies have been achieved importance in academic research and information science fields. The virtual libraries have been created in order to allow the users to get closer to the institutionalized information stock. The Reproductive Health Virtual Library (RHVL), supported by the Library and the Department of Maternal and Child Health of Faculdade de Saúde Pública - USP, is part of these new technologies and is the subject of this study. The objective is to verify the communication process between the RHVL and its user, reproductive health researchers, attempting to identify his or her expectations, to perceive gaps in communication and to improve interactive communication to enhance the meaning of this kind of service. We adopted a qualitative method, known as focal group, which was applied to three meetings at chat rooms (Internet relay chat), on the internet. The results indicated the lack of awareness of RHVL and a poor acquisition of interactive communication by the society. Several suggestions were made, such as: meeting rooms, links among databases and other VLs, availability of validated sources, modern presentation, divisions according to the user profile, among others

The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine the virtual reference service Ask the Library [Bibblan svarar] from a postmodern perspective. Ask the Library is a Swedish online reference service that is run by the country’s public libraries. The postmodern theories of Jean-François Lyotard are used to study how information is managed and transmitted within the service. From this point-of-view three aspects of the reference service are studied; how the information is affected by the virtual environment, the librarian’s role within the service and finally how the content of the service is managed. The methods for extracting data are a blend of qualitative interviews and online observations. The data is then analyzed from a theoretical viewpoint. The result shows that there are several postmodern tendencies in Ask the Library. Namely the service shows a number of indications toward plurality. This can be related to Lyotard’s theory of the downfall of the grand narratives since postmodern theories celebrate the idea of plurality and diversity. Ask the Library is complex and dynamic in the sense that it adapts its services to the users. In addition to a multilingual service, Ask the Library also offers the users reference help in the form of social network sites like Facebook and Twitter. This makes the service more varied but also deeply complex. The reference service also emphasizes on the librarian’s individual competence and promotes personal knowledge and expertise. In Lyotard’s postmodern theories there is a rejection of absolute and objective truths and this falls in line with the subjectivity that the reference service celebrates. Ask the Library has two different agendas; providing qualitative reference service to the users and also promoting the librarians and their skills. The information, or content, in the service is still organized and under examination by the librarians. Critique of the sources is an important skill for a librarian within Ask the Library to have. These traditional ideas of objective truth are balanced with the new virtual environment that often promotes collective construction of information and knowledge. This study is a two years master’s thesis in the academic field library and information science.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The recent technology advances have been changing the relationship between the men and the informational practices which as information generation, transfer and reception. The advent of digital format has been one of the responsible for this transformation or (r)evolution. The flexibility proposed for this new manner to format different kinds of documents has been broken many frontiers in the Science Information area. In this scenario, we can include the digital libraries. This one can be thought as libraries that provide a completely technological focal point to create, acquire, distribute and store documents. This investigation had as general purpose to analyze, the relationship between virtuality and generation information process at the context of the Paulo Freire s Digital Library in the its initial phase. Before the analysis, a questionnaire was elaborated and applied, such as a focus group interview both formed the phases of the data collect methodology. The more important data were divided in clipping, according to thematic categories (respecting the specific proposes), and further submitted to content analysis, following some enumeration rules (presence, frequency and intensity). Our main observation was the existence of a relation between digitalization process and the representation of information s virtualization (the data).
Os recentes avanços tecnológicos vêm modificando a maneira do homem relacionar-se com as práticas informacionais de geração, transferência e recepção. O advento do formato digital vem sendo um dos responsáveis por essa mudança ou (r)evolução. A flexibilidade proporcionada por essa nova maneira de formatar os mais variados tipos de documentos vem rompendo várias fronteiras no campo da Ciência da Informação. Neste cenário, podemos incluir as bibliotecas digitais. Estas podem ser conceituadas como bibliotecas que provêem um enfoque completamente computadorizado à criação, aquisição, distribuição e armazenamento de documentos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a relação existente entre a virtualização e o processo de geração de informação no contexto da Biblioteca Digital Paulo Freire em sua fase inicial de implementação. Anteriormente à análise foi elaborado e aplicado um questionário e realizada uma entrevista de grupo focal, como etapas da metodologia para coleta de dados. Os dados mais significativos foram divididos em recortes, conforme categorias temáticas (tendo em vista os objetivos específicos), e posteriormente submetidos à análise de conteúdo, segundo algumas regras de enumeração (presença, freqüência e intensidade). Nossa principal observação foi a existência de uma relação entre o processo de digitalização e a virtualização da representação da informação (os dados).

Orientadora: Maria José Vicentini Jorente
Banca: Brígida Maria Nogueira Cervantes
Banca: Edberto Ferneda
Resumo: Desde o seu surgimento, a Internet, e nela a Web, têm se popularizado de maneira a tornar-se tecnologia essencial de informação e comunicação, tanto nos países desenvolvidos, quanto em países emergentes. Com o advento da Web Colaborativa, as bibliotecas acadêmicas no mundo todo têm enfrentado o desafio de continuamente repensar a maneira como seus serviços vêm sendo disponibilizados de forma a atingir seus usuários, em especial a geração dos nativos digitais. Nesse contexto de dinamicidade tecnológica surgiu a biblioteca denominada 2.0, que passou a oferecer Serviços de Referência Virtual (SRV) disponibilizando em seus sites, dentre outros serviços, a possibilidade de se comunicar com o bibliotecário através de email e posteriormente chats (ou mensagem instantânea) em tempo real. Este estudo objetivou primeiramente apresentar e delinear as características de um software gratuito de videoconferência e chat que usa tecnologia VoiP utilizado para referência em bibliotecas norte-americanas. Encontrou-se que, embora esse software tenha sido implantando em várias bibliotecas universitárias norte-americanas, com o tempo, essas decidiram por descontinuar o seu uso. Portanto, o foco do estudo se ampliou para a análise dos software para os quais essas bibliotecas migraram e as características dos seus sistemas. Analisa-se também as iniciativas de bibliotecas de universidades brasileiras que implantaram o SRV por meio de chat, os software que estão utilizando atualmente e os fatores considerados por essas instituições no momento da decisão pela implantação do sistema. A permissão para a tradução para a língua portuguesa do guia de Boas Práticas, Políticas e Procedimentos do QuestionPoint 24/7 foi obtida a fim de complementar esse estudo e nortear as bibliotecas brasileiras desejosas de disponibilizar o SRV via chat. A metodologia de pesquisa consistiu em um aporte teórico realizado a partir da literatura produzida...
Abstract: Since its development, the Internet, and the Web in it, has gained popularity and become core technology of information and communication, both in developed countries and emerging countries. With the advent of Collaborative Web, academic libraries worldwide have faced the challenge of continually rethink the way their services is being made available to achieve its patrons, especially the generation of digital natives. In this context of technological dynamism, Library 2.0 arose, offering Virtual Reference Service (VRS), making available on their websites, among other services, the possibility to communicate with the librarian via email and then chat (or Instant Message) in real time. This study aimed primarily to present and outline the features of a free chat and video chat software that uses VoIP technology used for reference in U.S. libraries. It was found that although this software had been used by several U.S. academic libraries, with time, these institutions decided to discontinue its use. Therefore, the focus of the study was extended to the analysis of the software for which those libraries migrated and the features of their systems. The study also analyses the initiatives of Brazilian academic libraries that have implemented the SRV via chat, the software they are currently using and the factors considered by these institutions when deciding the implementation. Permission to translate QuestionPoint 24/7 Best Practices, Policies and Procedures into Portuguese was obtained in order to complement this study and guide the Brazilian libraries wishing to provide the VRS chat. The research methodology consisted of a theoretical contribution from the literature produced nationally and internationally on the topic, as well as exploratory research and participant observations on the Brazilian and American university libraries which offer the SRV chat on their website. This study concluded that VRS via chat brings benefits to...
Mestre

Die Projektarbeit der ViFa KoMFiT („Virtuelle Fachbibliothek für die Kommunikationsund Medienwissenschaft/Publizistik, die Theater- und Filmwissenschaft“) muss für insgesamt drei wissenschaftliche Disziplinen die Informationsversorgung in einem Onlineangebot organisieren. Im September 2007 ist das Projekt gestartet. Es wird von vier Partnern getragen – den Universitätsbibliotheken Leipzig und Frankfurt am Main (SGG Theater- und Filmwissenschaft), der Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen „Konrad Wolf “ in Potsdam-Babelsberg und der Hochschule für Musik und Theater „Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy“ (HMT) in Leipzig. Die vier Partner bearbeiten mit einem Gesamtstundenvolumen von rund 180 Wochenstunden die komplexen Aufgaben des Projekts, dessen Leitung an der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig liegt. Den Schwerpunkt der Programmierung und technischen Realisation trägt die UB Frankfurt. Durch insgesamt sechs Projektmitarbeiter

O Serviço de Referência (SR), incorporando na sua organização, funcionamento e comunicação com o utilizador um conjunto de potencialidades proporcionadas pela tecnologia, assume um papel fundamental na luta contra a desigualdade e o analfabetismo digital, no fomento da literacia da informação e na criação de conhecimento. A percepção do valor e das fragilidades do SR nas bibliotecas públicas em Portugal levanta a questão sobre como contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento. A presente investigação, visando a construção de alicerces numa perspectiva de evolução, parte da análise de documentos orientadores internacionais da RUSA/ALA (Reference and User Services Association / American Library Association) e da IFLA (International Federation of Library Association) e da observação de características estruturais da Rede Nacional de Biblioteca Públicas (RNBP), para a concepção de soluções de desenvolvimento do SR a aplicar a esta realidade concreta. Seguindo um paradigma compreensivo indutivo, com uma orientação baseada na Grounded Theory, esta pesquisa privilegia o contexto da descoberta e a construção de uma teoria. No plano empírico cumpre uma complementaridade de técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas, com recurso a uma triangulação metodológica. O campo de análise abrange a totalidade das bibliotecas públicas portuguesas integradas na RNBP em Portugal. Visando aspectos funcionais e materiais, são analisados dados preexistentes e aplicadas técnicas de observação directa e inquérito por questionário. Visando aspectos sociais, são efectuadas seis entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados apontam para uma situação de estagnação das bibliotecas da RNBP e para um funcionamento não estruturado e informal do SR, na maioria dos casos em que se verifica a sua disponibilização. Fundamentada a necessidade de evolução, e do investimento que nele possa ser feito, é construído um modelo, seguindo uma estratégia por níveis, flexíveis e adaptáveis às necessidades e aos recursos de cada biblioteca, que visa o desenvolvimento incremental e congruente daquele serviço; Abstract: The Reference Service in public libraries in Portugal. Development model from international guidelines. Incorporating in its organization, procedures and communication with the users a set of tools brought by technology, Reference Service (RS) plays a key role in the struggle against inequality and digital illiteracy, promoting information literacy and creating knowledge. The perception of the value of RS and the weaknesses in public libraries in Portugal raise the question on how to contribute to its development. In order to build RS foundations on an evolutionary perspective, this research analyzes RUSA / ALA (Reference and User Services Association / American Library Association) and IFLA (International Federation of Library Association) international guidelines and the structural characteristics of the Portuguese National Public Library Network (RNBP), with the objective of creating a solution for the development of that service to be applied to this reality. Following an inductive comprehensive paradigm, with an orientation based on Grounded Theory, this research focuses on the context of discovery and the construction of a theory. Empirically it fulfils complementary qualitative and quantitative techniques, using a methodological triangulation. The field of analysis covers Portuguese public libraries integrating the RNBP. Aiming at functional and material aspects, direct observation techniques and a survey by questionnaire are applied. Targeting social aspects, six semistructured interviews are carried out. The results point to a situation of stagnation in the RNBP as well as the unstructured and informal performance of the SR, which justifies the need for evolution and investment. A model is constructed, following a strategy based on levels, flexible and adaptable to the needs and resources of each library, with the perspective of an incremental and consistent development of this service.

A pesquisa tem por finalidade abordar a constituição das redes de Bancos de Dados e Bibliotecas Virtuais Ambientais (BBVAs) no Brasil, tendo como destaque o Banco de Dados para a Indústria do Petróleo (BAMPETRO). Para tal, pretende-se traçar a territorialidade da rede de informação ambiental, a questão da própria informação ambiental e o seu contexto no ciberespaço. Também será analisada a Política Ambiental Brasileira que proporciona a constituição dessa rede. O objeto proposto para o estudo apresenta uma complexa realidade, diversificada e prática, de grande interesse aos gestores ambientais, entre eles os geógrafos, que requer o seu desvendamento.
The research has the objective in approach the constitution of the nets of Bancos de Dados e Bibliotecas Virtuais Ambientais (BBVAs) in Brazil, have as feature the Banco de Dados para a Indústria do Petróleo (BAMPETRO). To achieve this proposal intended to trace the territoriality of the net of environmental information, the subject of the own environmental information and its context in the cyberspace. It will also be analyzed the Brazilian Environmental Politics that provides the constitution of that net. The object proposed for the study presents a complex reality, diversified and practice, of great interest to the environmental governance, among them the geographers, that requests its to unveil

Dissertação de mestrado
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As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação são elementos importantes para o acesso à informação, a produção de novos conhecimentos e o desenvolvimento científico, estando presentes também no contexto do ensino superior e no ambiente das bibliotecas universitárias, tanto como recursos de informatização dos serviços técnicos e da gestão destas Unidades, quanto no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços baseados em conteúdos digitais de informação. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar as características dos leitores e dos tipos de leitura desenvolvidos na Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, considerando que, atualmente, os recursos de leitura e pesquisa tradicionais dividem espaço com novos produtos e serviços, influenciados pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Para tanto, envolve uma pesquisa exploratória baseada em uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumentos de coleta de dados, a observação, o questionário, a entrevista estruturada e a observação participante. A pesquisa de campo foi dividida em duas etapas principais, sendo a primeira, a elaboração de um perfil socioeconômico e cultural, e a segunda etapa, a realização de entrevistas e observações dos processos de navegação dos usuários/leitores da biblioteca. Na primeira etapa, entre outros aspectos, observamos que os leitores da Biblioteca Central correspondem a um público diversificado e dinâmico, composto, em sua maioria por alunos de cursos de graduação que se encontram cadastrados no Sistema Pergamum. A maioria dos usuários/leitores utiliza a biblioteca frequentemente, sendo constatada também uma quantidade significativa de visitantes que utilizam o ambiente de estudo para concursos e similares. A pesquisa acadêmica corresponde à maior razão de uso da biblioteca e, quanto aos produtos e serviços, observou-se que os livros, a consulta local, o serviço de circulação de materiais bibliográficos e a utilização do ambiente para estudo são os recursos mais utilizados pelos leitores, havendo um baixo índice de uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação no ambiente da biblioteca, bem como dos serviços informatizados. A segunda fase da investigação compreendeu três momentos: abordagem dos sujeitos (quando ocorreu o agendamento das entrevistas e observações), entrevista estruturada e observação participante. As entrevistas envolveram questões referentes às características dos leitores, suas relações com as tecnologias, com o ciberespaço, produtos e serviços da Biblioteca Central. A observação participante explorou a solução de três problemas de navegação propostos aos pesquisados, qual seja, a realização de uma pesquisa genérica, a realização de uma pesquisa acadêmica e a exploração dos serviços on-line da Biblioteca Central (pesquisas no catálogo eletrônico, reservas, renovações etc.). Concluiu-se que todos os usuários pesquisados nesta etapa do estudo apresentaram características de leitores imersivos, mas alguns também se destacaram como leitores meditativos, sendo que estes perfis são influenciados pelo ambiente, situação e objetivos de pesquisa, bem como pela cultura dos leitores. Além disso, se por um lado, o fato de serem leitores imersivos não significa que prefiram utilizar apenas o ciberespaço, em detrimento dos livros e demais materiais impressos, esta mesma prerrogativa também não significa que estes leitores conhecem, dominam e utilizam amplamente os serviços eletrônicos da Biblioteca Central da UFMT.

The advances in ICTs have decisively changed the library and learning environment. On the one hand, ICTs have enhanced the variety and accessibility to library collections and services to break the barriers of location and time. On the other, the e-Learning has emerged as an additional medium for imparting education in many disciplines to overcome the constraint of physical capacity associated with the traditional classroom methods. For a vast developing country like India, this provides an immense opportunity to provide even higher education to remote places besides extending the library services through networking. Thanks to the recent initiatives by the public and private institutions in this direction, a few web-based instruction courses are now running in the country. This paper reviews different aspects of e-Learning and emerging learning landscapes. It further presents the library scene and new opportunities for its participation in the e-Learning process. How these ICTs driven advances can contribute to the comprehensive learning process in India is highlighted.

Bibvirt, Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante Brasileiro, é uma atividade em andamento da Escola do Futuro, Laboratório de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O presente estudo pretende determinar se esta biblioteca virtual, iniciada em 1997 e disponível gratuitamente através da Internet (www.bibvirt.futuro.usp.br), atingiu seus objetivos originais, suas necessidades e desejos. O número reduzido de bibliotecas escolares, públicas e de livrarias em todo o território brasileiro, claramente incompatível com as necessidades de uma economia baseada no conhecimento, e os limitados fundos públicos disponíveis no passado e aparentemente no futuro, para corrigir esta situação, obriga aqueles preocupados com a futura produtividade do Brasil e sua habilidade para competir globalmente, a experimentar soluções para problemas sociais baseados nas novas tecnologias de comunicação. Apoiada inicialmente pela Fundação AT&T e pela Secretaria do Estado e da Cultura de São Paulo, a Escola do Futuro lançou em 1997 um servidor baseado na web, contendo grande quantidade de textos, cópias recentemente digitadas de obras da Literatura Brasileira em domínio público, imagens da fauna e da flora brasileira, sons de animais nativos, de instrumentos musicais e de vozes de personagens políticos do passado, permitindo assim que os usuários utilizem e reutilizem ambos materiais áudio visual e de texto para suas necessidades acadêmicas ou de lazer. Em 2001, a média diária de usuários distintos excedia 5.000, e ao longo dos últimos três anos, a Bibvirt foi premiada nas categorias de Educação e Treinamento e Arte e Cultura.De 1º de setembro de 2000 a 25 de fevereiro de 2001, um questionário contendo 37 tens, pretendendo definir o perfil dos usuários e a natureza das satisfações e insatisfações dos mesmos, foi disponibilizado no site da Bibvirt, chegando a um total de 528 questionários respondidos, dos quais 479 foram utilizados para o estudo. A metodologia da pesquisa foi orientada pelo. Modelo “ACTION” desenvolvido por Anthony W. Bates (1995) e pela Abordagem “Sense-Making” desenvolvida por Brenda Derwin (1983, 1986 and 1999). 6 Os resultados do questionário revelaram alguns dados inesperados: para um site planejado para estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, os atuais usuários eram, de certa forma, mais velhos: 10 -13 anos de idade: 7 %; 14 -17 anos: 20,9 %; 18 -21 anos: 17 %; 22 -25 anos: 15,1 %; 26 -29 anos: 8,4 %; 30 -39 anos: 18,7%; 40 para cima: 11,7%. Os usuários habitantes das capitais brasileiras eram 50,8% e os habitantes do “interior” eram 49,2%. Usuários habitantes de cidades com população acima de 1 milhão de habitantes eram 43% do total, enquanto aqueles pertencentes a cidades com mais de 500 mil habitantes e menos de 1 milhão eram 14%, os de cidades com população entre 500mil e 100mil habitantes eram 22%, e os usuários em cidades com menos de 100 mil habitantes eram 14% e aqueles em cidades com menos de 10 mil habitantes eram 7%. Estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio compunham 37,8% dos usuários, enquanto que estudantes universitários representavam 23,8% do total. Estudantes masculinos eram 50,7% e estudantes femininas eram 49,3%. Estudantes de escolas públicas representavam 50,7% do total e estudantes de escolas particulares representavam 49,3%. Estudantes do Estado de São Paulo constituíram 43% dos usuários, do estado de Minas Gerais 10%, do Rio de Janeiro 8% e do Paraná 7%. A renda mensal familiar reportada foi muito mais alta do que a esperada: até R$ 300,00: 8,8%; R$ 301 - 600,00: 8,8%; R$ 601-1200,00:16,7%; R$1201-3000,00:17,6%; mais de R$ 20.000,00: 10,6%. Quando questionado o local do qual os usuários acessavam à Internet, responderam: de casa: 72,1%; do trabalho 17,6%; da escola: 5,6%; da casa de amigo ou parente: 3,1%; de bibliotecas: 1,7%. 84,4% responderam que o uso da Bibvirt era por razõesde pesquisa e estudo, enquanto que 8,4% indicaram lazer e 7,2% relacionaram a trabalho. Talvez vale preocupar-se e dar futura atenção ao fato de que 57,3% responderam que seus professores solicitaram pesquisa na web, mas não deram nenhuma orientação; 25,4% disseram que professores deram um mínimo de orientação; e somente 17,3% apresentaram que seus professores os acompanharam nas pesquisas. Quando questionado se seus professores os encorajavam a utilizar a Internet para pesquisa, houve diferentes respostas de escolas públicas e privadas: “Estavam todos os professores incentivando?”: 10% dos alunos de escolas públicas confirmaram, enquanto que 8% dos alunos de escolas privadas confirmaram esta questão; “alguns professores?’: 50% dos estudantes de escolas públicas e 44% de estudantes de escola privadas confirmaram; “nenhum 7 professor”?: 40% de alunos de escolas públicas e 48% de alunos de escolas privadas confirmaram. Em relação à questão sobre se eram capazes de encontrar com facilidade o material desejado na Bibivirt: 24,4% responderam “sempre”; 44,1% responderam “quase sempre”; 15,7% responderam “às vezes”; 8,4% responderam “raramente”; e 7,4% responderam ”nunca”. Se o material encontrado em bibliotecas correspondia as suas necessidades de pesquisas: 57% responderam que acharam exatamente o que procuravam; 12,1% acharam o material “muito sofisticado” e 30,9% acharam o material “muito simples”. Se eles acharam que o material que procuravam na Bibvirt poderia ser achado também em outras fontes: 36,9% disseram ser possível; 33,8% disseram que “às vezes” isto acontecia; 13,6% disseram ser difícil e 3,5% disseram nunca ser o caso. Em ordem de importância para os usuários, o material contido na biblioteca seguia tal ordem: literatura, material didático, material para-didático, sons e imagens. Com relação à navegação na biblioteca, 90,6% disseram não ter dificuldade, 9,4% tiveram dificuldade; 48,5% disseram usar o Internet Explorer 5x, enquanto que 19,2% disseram usar o Internet Explorer 4x. Em relação a maneira pela qual eles liam o material encontrado na biblioteca, 28% liam diretamente na tela; 13,4% imprimiam o material enquanto conectados a Internet; 34,3% baixavam para posterior consulta no computador; e 23,2% carregavam para posterior impressão e leitura.
Bibvirt, the Brazilian Student’s Virtual Library, is an on-going activity of research and development of the “School of the Future”, interdisciplinary research laboratory of theUniversity of São Paulo, Brazil. The present study attempted (1) to determine if this digital library, started in 1997 and available gratuitously through the Internet [www.bibvirt.futuro.usp.br], had met its original objetives, and (2) to identify the profile of its current users, their needs and desires. The reduced numbers of school libraries, public libraries and bookstores throughout Brazil, clearly incompatible with the needs of a knowledge-based economy, and the limited public funds available in the past, and apparently in the future, to rectify this situation, oblige those concerned with Brazil’s future productivity and ability to compete globally, to experiment with solutions to social problems, based on the new communications technologies.Supported by initial grants from the AT&T Foundation and the São Paulo State Secretariat for Culture, the School of the Future launched in 1997 a web-based server containing large quantities of full-text, newly-digited copies of Brazilian literature in the public domain, images of Brazilian flora and fauna, sounds of Brazilian animals, musical instruments and the voices of national political figures of the past, thereby permitting users to download and re-use for their academic needs or leisure material both textual and audiovisual. In 2001, the daily average number of discrete users exceeded 5,000; and over the last three years, the Bibvirt was awarded 5 trophies “I-Best” for excellence in content in the categories of education and training, and art and culture. From 1 September 2000 to 25 February 2001, a questionnaire containing 37 items attempting to determine the profile of users and the nature of user satisfaction or insatisfaction, was placed on the site of the Bibvirt, drawing a total of 528 user responses, of which 479 were actually used for the study. The research methodology was oriented by Anthony W. Bates’s “ACTION” approach (1995); and Brenda Derwin’s “Sense-Making” approach (1983, 1986 and 1999). The results of the survey brought some surprising results: for a site planned for primary and secondary school students, the atual users were somewhat older: 10-13 years of age: 7.0%; 14-17 years: 20.9 %; 18-21 years: 17.4%; 22-15 years: 15.1%;9 26-29 years: 8,4%; 30-39 years: 18.7%; 40+ years: 11.7%. Those living in state capitols were 50.7% and those in the “interior” were 49.3%. Users living in cities withpopulations over 1 million inhabitants were 43% of the total, while those in cities of over 500 thousand were 14%, those in cities of between 500 thousand and 100 thousand were 22%, and those in towns of less than 100 thousand were 14% and those in towns with less than 10 thousand were 7%. Primary and secondary school students comprised 37.8% of users, while university students represented 23.8% of the total. Male students were 50.7% and female students 49.3%. Students from public school represented 50.7% of the total, and those from private schools represented 49.3%. Students from São Paulo State made up 43% of users, those from Minas Gerais 10%, those from Rio de Janeiro 8% and those from Paraná 7%. Monthly family income reported was much higher than expected: up to R$300: 8,8%; R$301-600: 8,8%; R$601-1200: 16.7%; R$1201-3000: 17.6%; R$3001-6000: 8.8%; R$6001-10.000: 11.2%; R$10.001-20.000: 17.6%; mais de R$20.000: 10.6%. When asked from what location they acessed the Internet, users replied: from home 72.1%; from work 17.6%; from school 5.6%; from a friend/relative’s home 3.1%; from a library 1.7%. 84.4% replied that their use of Bibvirt was for study and research, while 8.4% indicated pleasure and 7.2% relation to work. Perhaps worthy of concern and further attention is the fact that 57.3% answered that their teachers required research on the web but gave no orientation; 25.4% said teachers gave minimal orientation; 17.3% indicated that their teachers accompanied their web research. When asked whether their teachers encouraged research using the Internet, there were different responses from public and private schools: “were all teachers encouraging?”: 10% of public school students confirmed, while 8% of private school students confirmed this question; “some teachers?” : 50% of public school students and 44% of private school students confirmed; “no teachers?”: 40% of public school students and 48% of private school students confirmed. To the question of whether they were able to locate desired material within the library: 24.4% answered “always”; 44.1% answered “almost always”; 15.7% answered “sometimes”; 8.4% answered “rarely”; and 7.4% answered “never”. Whether or not the material found in the library corresponded to the needs of their searches: 57% responded that they found “exactly” that they sought; 12.1% found the material “very sophisticated”; and 30.9% found the material “rather simple”. 10 Whether they found that the material they sought in the Bibvirt could be found just as well in other sources, 36.9% said that it was possible, 33.8% said that “at times” they found this to be true, 13.6% said it was difficult, and 3.5% said it never the case. Inorder of importance to users, the material contained in the library was as follows:literature, didactic material, para-didactic material, sounds and images. With regard to navigation within the library, 84.4% reported having no difficulty, 8.4% had difficulty; 48.5% reported using Internet Explorer 5x, while 19.2% reported using Internet Explorer 4x. As regards the form in which they read the material found in the library, 28.6% read directly from the screen; 13.4% printed directly while connected to the Internet; 34.8% downloaded for posterior reading on-screen; and 23.2% downloaded for posterior printing and reading.

RESUMO: O novo modelo de ensino-aprendizagem introduzido por Bolonha e a implementação de tecnologias nas bibliotecas académicas, trouxeram mudanças profundas ao modo como o conhecimento é produzido e disseminado e conduziram à necessidade de uma reengenharia de espaços, serviços e competências, conferindo às bibliotecas um maior dinamismo e inovação nos serviços que oferecem, cada vez mais centrados nas necessidades reais dos seus utilizadores. Este estudo, analisa as tendências conjeturais centradas na triologia utilizadores/ bibliotecas/ tecnologias, recorrendo à triangulação de dados, baseada na revisão de literatura, na realização de inquéritos aos utilizadores e bibliotecas portuguesas e europeias e na observação de bibliotecas através de visitas de estudo, análise das homepages e planos estratégicos. Os resultados obtidos, permitiram delinear um modelo de biblioteca académica inserida numa rede de bibliotecas, demonstrando-se que a colaboração entre instituições e a integração comum de serviços são essenciais para o desenvolvimento futuro destas estruturas académicas, produtoras e geradoras de conhecimento; ABSTRACT: PHYSICAL OR VIRTUAL LIBRARIES? Spaces, services and expertise reengineering in the university libraries of 21st century The new teaching and learning model introduced by Bologna process and the implementation of technologies in academic libraries, changed the way how knowledge is produced and disseminated and have created within academic libraries, new needs of space reengeneering, new services and new librarian skills that increased the offer of dynamic and innovating services with high level quality, based on new technologies and user centered. This study is focused in the library trends and based in the analysis of the triology: users / libraries / technologies and applied as methodology, the data triangulation method, based on the literature review, user survey / questionnaires to portuguese and european libraries and observation of libraries in study visits and analysis of their homepages and strategic plans. The results, brings to the light a new model for the academic library in 21st century embedded in a network of libraries, showing us that collaboration between institutions and the integration of services (shared services) are essential for the future development of these academic structures responsible for producing and sharing knowledge.

Cette thèse concerne l'utilisation de Cartographie Topographique Générative (Generative Topographie Mapping - GTM) pour l'analyse, la visualisation et la modélisation de grands volumes de données chimiques. Les principaux sujets traités dans ces travaux sont le criblage virtuel multi-cibles dans la conception de médicaments et la visualisation, l'analyse et la comparaison de grandes chimiothèques. Plusieurs développements méthodologiques ont été proposés : (1) un algorithme de zoom hiérarchique automatisé pour la GTM afin d'aider à résoudre le problème de la résolution des cartes ; (i1) un protocole d'extraction automatisé des Sous-structures Maximum Communes (MCS) pour améliorer l'efficacité de l'analyse de données ; (iit) un criblage contraint basé sur la GTM permettant de détecter les molécules avec un profil pharmacologique souhaité, et (iv) une technique de GTM parallèle, qui réduit significativement le temps nécessaire pour construire une carte. Les méthodologies développées ont été implémentées sous forme de logiciel, utilisé à la fois dans des projets académiques (Université de Strasbourg, France) et industriels (Compagnie Boehringer lngelheim Pharma, Allemagne)
This thesis concerns the application of the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) approach to the analysis, visualization, and modeling of Big Data in chemistry. The main topics covered in this work are multi-target virtual screening in drug design and large chemical libraries visualization, analysis, and comparison. Several methodological developments were suggested: (i) an automatized hierarchical GTM zooming algorithm helping to resolve the map resolution problem; (ii) an automatized Maximum Common Substructure (MCS) extraction protocol improving efficiency of data analysis; (iii) constrained GTM-based screening allowing to detect molecules with a desired pharmacological profile, and (iv) a parallel GTM technique, which significantly increases the speed of GTM training. Developed methodologies were implemented in a software package used in both academic (University of Strasbourg, France) and industrial (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma company, Germany) projects

La protéine kinase DYRK1A fait partie du groupe des CMGC kinases et est impliquée dans divers processus neurodégénératifs tels que la maladie d’Alzheimer.Dans ce cadre, une étude topologique a été menée autour d’un hit imidazo[1,2-B]pyridazine identifié par un criblage biologique. Ce composé a servi à concevoir des inhibiteurs ATP-Compétitifs de DYRK1A par l’utilisation de méthodes métallo-Catalysées (Pd, Cu) pour introduire divers fragments fonctionnalisés.Sur les soixante dérivés imidazo[1,2-X]azine synthétisés, sept composés ont montré une affinité nanomolaire pour DYRK1A (IC50 = 41-130 nM). En parallèle de ce travail de pharmacochimie, le développement de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse a visé à la polysubstitution régiosélective du cycle pyridazine.En dernier lieu, nous avons donné les éléments et concepts permettant la construction de chimiothèques virtuelles dérivées de pyridazines et destinées à être criblées in silico
DYRK1A protein kinase belongs to the CMGC group and is involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.In this context we examined an imidazo[1,2-B]pyridazine hit identified by biological screening, through detailed structure-Activity relationship studies. This compound was used to synthesize DYRK1A ATP-Competitive inhibitors by using metallo-Catalyzed methodologies (Pd, Cu) in order to introduce various functionalized moieties.Out of the 60 derivatives synthesized, 7 compounds showed nanomolar activities (IC50 = 41-130 nM).Beside this work of medicinal chemistry, new synthetic methodologies has been developed to regioselectively access polysubstituted pyridazine derivatives. Finally, we developed data and concepts to establish virtual pyridazine libraries for in silico screening

The main objective of libraries in higher education institutions is to enable access to information that will meet the teaching, learning and research needs of the institutions’ communities (Department of Arts and Culture, 2015:18). Technology makes it easier to accomplish this by allowing librarians to embed products and services directly into the teaching, learning and research environments used by the communities. Course Management Systems such as Blackboard, are used by higher learning institutions to provide blended learning experiences. Many face-to-face lectures rely on an online module, and students appear to be more comfortable using the various online tools than ever before. For librarians, the online component of such a hybrid learning model is an opportunity to extend the traditional face-to-face library training and information literacy sessions into the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). Virtually embedded librarians enable students’ access to library information online (Hoffman & Ramin, 2010:298) and libraries that have shifted towards embedding in online courses reach users at their point of need (Paganelli and Paganelli, 2017:55). If these statements are true, the question remains whether the end user is satisfied with the services rendered online or not. Many surveys have been conducted to assess users’ satisfaction with library resources and the quality of library services (Zhang, 2015:273). Some studies investigated library use patterns of different user groups but few studies focus on the needs of Engineering students (Zhang, 2015:273) and if these needs are being addressed by embedded library services and products. The objective of this research was to establish the role that Engineering students expect an Information Specialist to play in a VLE, to identify the products and services the Engineering students expect the Information Specialist to provide, and to what extent. This was done using a case study research design. As was expected, this research confirmed that the Engineering students recognise the importance of librarians embedding in their online modules. It is anticipated that librarians who embed online will be able to meet the needs of the students and build strong relationships with the students. If that does become the case, it is feasible to expect that the students’ use of library resources will increase. The next phase would be to build and launch a pilot project. Recommendations made for embedding in a VLE were (1) to consult with the faculty, library staff, and the instructional designer before the librarian attempts to launch embedded activities; (2) to identify the top in-demand products and services that can be embedded for each course as a matter of urgency; (3) to pilot the program with a few students and library staff and obtain feedback before the initiative is made publicly available to all students; and (4) to align the expectations or activities of the program with those of the course.
Mini Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Information Science
MIT
Unrestricted

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Universidade Federal Fluminense
Trata da temática de inclusão do surdo em ambientes virtuais e dos padrões de acessibilidade e usabilidade como essenciais para o exercício do direito à informação deste cidadão. Para tanto aborda questões relacionadas à aquisição da linguagem de leitura, do domínio da escrita, da alfabetização e do letramento para enfatizar a dificuldade encontrada por este usuário nos ambientes tanto físico quanto virtuais. Aborda o conceito de direito à informação co-relacionando com o direito ao acesso a documentos de cunho público, bem como todo tipo de informação contida em espaços físicos ou não, e que não tenham caráter sigiloso. Aponta para os ambientes virtuais das bibliotecas federais brasileiras a fim de verificar pelas recomendações de acessibilidade e heurísticas de usabilidade, se estes ambientes informacionais proporcionam uma interação com a interface de seus sites que permitam navegabilidade deste tipo de usuário. Enfoca a questão da legislação como princípio norteador para que o surdo exerça seus direitos de acesso e uso à informação em todos os setores de cunho público. O recorte foi realizado nos sistemas de bibliotecas universitárias federais que agrupam em seu site, todas as unidades de informação das Universidades Federais pesquisadas, a fim de para mapear se este espaço atende às recomendações e permitam o acesso e navegação para inclusão do usuário surdo nos espaços acadêmicos virtuais.
It’s a thematic of the inclusion of the deaf in virtual environment and standards of accessibility and usability as essential to the exercise of the right to information of this citizen. For that addresses issues related to language acquisition of reading, the domain of writing, literacy and literacies to emphasize the difficulty encountered by this user in both physical and virtual environments. Discusses the concept of right to information co-relating with the right to access public documents imprint, as well as all kinds of information in physical space or not, and have not confidential. Points to the virtual environments of the Brazilian federal libraries to check the accessibility guidelines and usability heuristics, if these information environments provide an interaction with the interface of your sites that allow this type of user navigation. Focuses on the question of law as the guiding principle for the Deaf exercise their rights of access and use of information in all areas of a public nature. The clipping was performed in systems that involve federal university libraries on your site, all information units of Federal Universities surveyed, in order to map up this space meets the recommendations and standards enabling access and navigation to include deaf user academics in virtual spaces.

Report on a study tour of public library services in the US who are providing first class, cutting edge service to their virtual clients. The study tour was made possible by the award of a Ramsay Reid scholarship from the State Library of Victoria in 2006.

The traditional view of drug design is that a single drug should interact with a single molecular target. As science progressed, there was an understanding that most drugs interact with more than one target and that multiple targets may be responsible for either adverse effects or additional therapeutic effects. The idea of polypharmacology, which suggests that the focus of drug design should shift from a single drug that interacts with a single target to a single drug that can have interactions with multiple targets and multiple therapeutic effects, revolutionized the drug discovery process. Discovering new drugs is a long and costly process with years of research and development and clinical trials required before the drugs reach the market for much needed therapeutic applications. By repurposing drugs that are already on the market for a new therapeutic target, the discovery process is accelerated significantly. One such a target disease, for which there is a great need for new effective therapies, is Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with the resulting loss of dopamine from the striatum. Degeneration in PD leads to varying degrees of motor difficulty and disability, along with other symptoms. Current therapies are focussed on symptomatic management and an improvement of the quality of life of patients, rather than on a cure. There are several therapeutic targets that are currently used in the treatment of PD. One of those targets is the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, in particular the MAO-B isoform. The MAO enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of amine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, and inhibition of MAO-B has proven to be an effective strategy to increase the dopamine levels in the brain. Clinically, selective MAO-B inhibitors are administered concurrently with levodopa (a precursor of dopamine) to increase the levels of dopamine derived from levodopa. This approach prolongs the beneficial effects of levodopa. Because MAO-A is responsible for the breakdown of noradrenalin, adrenalin, serotonin and tyramine, non-selective and selective MAO-A inhibitors have therapeutic applications in other neurological and psychiatric disorders such as depression. MAO-A inhibitors, particularly irreversible inhibitors, are also notable from a toxicological point of view. Irreversible MAO-A inhibitors may lead to potentially dangerous effects when combined with serotonergic drugs and certain foods containing tyramine, such as cheeses and processed meats. Selective MAO-B inhibitors and reversible MAO-A inhibitors appear to be free of these interactions. Based on the considerations above, this study aimed to identify clinically used drugs which also inhibit the MAO enzymes as a secondary pharmacological property. Such drugs may, in theory, be repurposed as MAO inhibitors for therapeutic use in the treatment of PD and depression. The identification of potential MAO-A inhibitory properties among clinically used drugs are of further importance since the irreversible inhibition of MAO-A may lead to dangerous effects when combined with certain drugs and foods. To screen clinically used drugs for potential MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitory activities, a pharmacophore approach was followed. A pharmacophore model is a virtual 3D representation of the common steric and electrostatic features of the interaction between an enzyme and a ligand. By identifying hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrogen bond donor and hydrophobic interactions between a reference ligand and an enzyme, a model is created that can search databases for other molecules that would have similar interactions with the enzyme and arguably also act as ligands. This enables the screening of a large amount of molecules in a short amount of time. To assist in the identification of MAO inhibitors, pharmacophore models of the MAO enzymes were constructed using the known crystallographic structures of MAO-A co-crystallized with harmine, and MAO-B cocrystallized with safinamide. The Discovery Studio® software package (Accelrys) was used for this purpose. In this study, virtual libraries of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum daily dose databases were screened with pharmacophore models of MAO-A and MAO-B. Among the hits, 26 drugs were selected on the basis of availability and cost, and were subjected to in vitro bio-assays in order to determine their potencies (IC50 values) as inhibitors of recombinant human MAO-A and/or MAO-B. Among the drugs tested, 6 compounds exhibited inhibitory activity towards the MAO enzymes. Of the 6 compounds, pentamidine (IC50 = 0.61 μM for MAO-A and IC50 = 0.22 μM for MAO-B) and phenformin (IC50 = 41 μM for MAO-A) were selected for further analysis. An examination of the recoveries of the enzymatic activities after dilution and dialysis of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes showed that both pentamidine and phenformin interact reversibly with the MAO enzymes. A kinetic analysis suggests that pentamidine acts as a competitive inhibitor with estimated Ki values of 0.41 μM and 0.22 μM for the inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. An analysis of the available pharmacokinetic data and typical therapeutic doses of phenformin and pentamidine suggests that the MAO inhibitory potencies (and reversible mode of action) of phenformin are unlikely to be of pharmacological relevance in humans. Pentamidine, on the other hand, is expected to interact with both MAO-A and MAO-B at typical therapeutic doses. Because of its MAO-A inhibitory activity, pentamidine may thus, in theory, lead to a tyramine-associated hypertensive crisis when combined with tyramine-containing foods. However, pentamidine is unlikely to inhibit central MAO since it does not appear to penetrate the central nervous system to a large degree. In an attempt to gain further insight into the mode of binding to MAO, pentamidine and phenformin were docked into models of the active sites of MAO-A and/or MAO-B. An analysis of the interactions between the enzyme models and the ligands were carried out and the results are discussed in the dissertation. The results of this study show that the pharmacophore model approach may be useful in identifying existing drugs with potential MAO inhibitory effects. The search for new therapeutic MAO inhibitors, that can be used in the treatment of certain neurological disorders, including PD and depression, may be accelerated by employing a virtual screening approach. Such an approach may also be more cost effective than the de novo design of MAO inhibitors.
MSc (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Emerging trends in academic e-publishing and e-libraries in Latin America and the Caribbean are more related to particular problems in the region -reduced number of copies printed, inter-library loans nearly nonexistent among cities and countries due to postal costs, discontinuity in library collections- than to the dynamics of the international academic editorial business. This presentation describes how CLACSO, an academic network gathering 168 social science research institutions from 21 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, is working towards a cooperative portal for open access to full-text publications of CLACSO´s network in support of education and research.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 2009. Thesis (M.L.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009.
"Fall 2009." Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on October 30, 2009). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts and Master of Library and Information Studies, Humanities Computing, Library and Information Studies, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientação: Prof.º Doutor José António Frias e Prof.ª Doutora Manuela Barreto Nunes.
O surgimento da Internet e, mais tarde, as tecnologias da Web social, transformaram não só a forma as pessoas e instituições se relacionam entre si, como também a forma como lidam com a informação. Essas mudanças também têm interferido na forma como as bibliotecas respondem às necessidades informacionais dos seus utilizadores, pelo que a adesão às tecnologias 2.0 se tornou inevitável. Assim, a utilização das redes sociais virtuais tornou-se, nos últimos anos, uma via de difusão, armazenamento e partilha de conteúdos, através da chamada "inteligência coletiva". Uma dessas redes sociais virtuais, o Facebook, tem-se revelado um dos meios para atingir tal fim. Neste sentido, torna-se necessário averiguar de que forma as bibliotecas selecionam e estruturam a informação nestes espaços virtuais, assim como a interação que estabelecem com os seus utilizadores. Em Portugal tem-se assistido a uma crescente adesão das Bibliotecas Escolares a esta rede social, razão de ser deste estudo, no qual procuramos perceber, não só a forma com as bibliotecas escolares utilizam a ferramenta Facebook, como também os objetivos que pretendem alcançar e se esses objetivos são ou não atingidos, assim como apurar ameaças e oportunidades advindas da sua utilização. Para elaboração da presente dissertação, recorremos a uma metodologia qualitativa, com observação direta dos perfis/páginas das bibliotecas escolares, durante um ano letivo (2010-2011); utilizamos uma fórmula para medir a interação entre os utilizadores e as publicações das bibliotecas em análise; aplicamos um inquérito por questionário, com três perguntas abertas, a fim de termos acesso a informação que não conseguimos obter através da observação direta; e, por último, criamos dez recomendações de utlização do Facebook nas bibliotecas escolares, às quais demos o nome de FABE (Facebook Aplicado às Bibliotecas Escolares). Do estudo realizado, concluímos que a adesão das bibliotecas escolares ao Facebook prendeu-se com o facto de se terem apercebido das suas potencialidades enquanto ferramenta, tendo como principais objetivos a divulgação das atividades da biblioteca, o estreitar laços com a comunidade educativa, a promoção do livro e da leitura e a questão do marketing dos serviços e da equipa da própria biblioteca. A maior parte das bibliotecas considerou cumpridos os objetivos estabelecidos e percecionaram no Facebook uma mais valia para as suas unidades de informação. Relativamente à utilização da ferramenta em si, as bibliotecas escolares não tiram partido das suas potencialidades e utilizam-na, regra geral, com as configurações que estão estabelecidas por defeito pela própria plataforma. No que diz respeito à interação entre os utilizadores e as publicações das bibliotecas escolares, concluímos que não foi possível obter resultados satisfatórios, na medida em que desconhecemos uma ferramenta capaz de medir todas as formas de interação que podem ocorrer no Facebook. Pudemos apurar os prós e os contras da utilização do Facebook nas bibliotecas escolares e algumas delas não reconheceram nenhuma desvantagem na sua utilização. Como vantagens, as bibliotecas mencionaram o maior alcance das publicações, o contacto com outras experiências e instituições, a maior interação com a comunidade educativa, o marketing dos serviços e recursos, a partilha de informação, a abertura às novas tendências (estar onde estão os alunos), a rapidez na divulgação da informação, a acessibilidade 24h por dia, a maior rentabilização dos recursos da biblioteca e o facto dos alunos se identificarem com ela através do Facebook; como desvantagens apontaram a dificuldade em manter a página atualizada (falta de tempo), a necessidade de ter alguns cuidados com a informação disponibilizada, os "amigos" com móbil comercial, questões relacionadas com a privacidade, condicionantes técnicas no acesso à plataforma e a falta de formação ma área.
The arrival of the Internet – and with it, the appearance of social web technologies – not only transformed the way people and institutions relate among themselves but also the way they deal with information. These changes have also interfered in the way libraries respond to the informational needs of their users, making the adhesion to 2.0 technologies inevitable. Thus, the use of social networking services in the past years has become a way of broadcasting, storing and sharing content in the so-called collective intelligence. One of those social networks, Facebook, has proven to be a way of doing exactly that. In this sense, it’s necessary to find out how libraries choose and structure information in these virtual spaces, along with the interaction they establish with their users. The adhesion of school libraries to this social network has increased in Portugal – thus the reason for this research. It’s important to understand not only the way school libraries use the tool Facebook but also the goals they want to achieve, if they are attainable or not, and also to find out threats and opportunities resulting of its usage. This research will try to answer these questions. For this dissertation, we used a qualitative methodology with direct observation of the school libraries’ profiles/pages during one school year (2010-2011); we used a formula to measure the interaction between users and the studied libraries’ publications; we applied a questionnaire survey with three open-ended questions, for the purpose of retrieving information not possible to access through direct observation; lastly, we created ten Facebook user recommendations in school libraries, which we named FABE (Facebook Aplicado às Bibliotecas Escolares – Facebook Applied to School Libraries). From this study we concluded that the school libraries’ adhesion to Facebook was connected to the awareness of its potential as a tool that offers as main goals the broadcast of the library’s activities, the possibility to shorten the school community ties, the promotion of books and of reading, and the matter of marketing the library’s services and staff. Most libraries considered that the established objectives were fulfilled and saw in Facebook a benefit for their information units. Regarding the tool’s usage per se, school libraries don’t take advantage of its potentialities and mainly use it with the platform’s default configurations. With respect to the interaction between users and the studied libraries’ publications, we concluded that it wasn’t possible to obtain sufficient results due to the fact that we don’t recognize a capable tool to measure all forms of interaction that occur on Facebook. We also inferred the pros and cons of Facebook’s usage in school libraries; some libraries didn’t even recognize any disadvantage in its utilization. As advantages, the libraries mentioned the greater spread of publications, the contact with other experiences and institutions, the bigger interaction with the school’s community, the marketing of services and resources, the sharing of information, the openness to new tendencies (being where students are), the promptness in spreading information, the accessibility 24 hours a day, the increased rentability of the library’s resources, and the fact that students identify themselves with the library through Facebook; as disadvantages they mentioned the difficulty in finding time to update their pages, the necessity to be cautious with given information, the Facebook friends with commercial intentions, the issues dealing with privacy, the technical settings for accessing the platform, and the lack of training in this area.

Libraries have traditionally facilitated each of the following elements of research: production of new knowledge, its preservation and its organization to make it accessible for use over the generations. In modern times, the library is constantly required to meet the challenges of information explosion. Assimilating resources and restructuring practices to process the large data volumes both in the print and digital form held across the globe, therefore, becomes very important. A recourse by the libraries to application of successive forms of what can be called as Digital Library Technologies (DLT) has been the imperative. The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is one recent development that is expected to assist the libraries to partner in setting up virtual learning environment and integrating research on a near universal scale. Future extension of this concept is envisaged to be that of Grid Computing. The technologies driving the â Gridâ would let people share computing power, databases, and other on-line tools securely across institutional and geographic boundaries without sacrificing the local autonomy. Ushering an era of the ubiquitous library helping the e-research is thus on the card. This paper reviews the emerging technological changes and charts the future role for the libraries with special reference to India.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
藥學研究所
100
Lung cancer is the first mortality rate of all carcinoma. The major part is Non--‐Small--‐Cell Lung Cancer(NSC--‐LC). The curative effect is not ideal for not easily diagnosis and almost in the late state when the tumor was discovered. Pharmacotherapy of lung cancer traditionally is by chemotherapy, but the adverse effect is serious and the curative effect is not ideal. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is over--‐expresed in many solid tumor including the non--‐small--‐cell lung cancer (NSC--‐LC) (40~80%). In 2003, the first epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (gefitinib) was approved by food and drug administration (FDA) in America. Dramatic therapeutic effect was discovered in Asia patient, non--‐smoker and women and is highly related to EGFR L858R (substitution of leucine 858 to arginine). However, drug resistance is occurred in several months after administration of this kind ofdrug. For the imperious demand of the new drug development, our goal is to discovery different scaffold EGFR L858R inhibitor (other than 4-anilinoquinazoline of gefitinib) by using the high performance pharmacophore based virtual screening to six million chemical database.

Master thesis is devoted to the currently completed and running projects and initiatives focused on digital libraries in the Federal Republic of Germany. The initial chapters are a brief survey of the recently used termins. The second chapter deals with problematic of open access and its promotion. The third chapter concentrates on the German conception of the information policy and its main representatives: German Research Foundation (Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, http://www.dfg.de) and Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, http://www.bmbf.de) and connected operational programmes. The fourth chapter introduces the key initiatives in digital library area: The Information and Communication (Information und Kommunikation, IuK, http://www.iuk-initiative.org) and The German Initiative for Network Information (Die Deutsche Netzwerkinitiative, DINI, http://www.dini.de) and their role at the emergence of the digital library projects. The German particularity consisting in the process of certification of servers and its prerequisites are described in more details, too. The fifth chapter sketches the chronological line of development and aims to show some selected projects composed into integrated system: opening of electronic dissertations to...

This dissertation analysed the information needs and information-seeking behaviour of visual artists. An empirical survey was conducted on a sample of the more informationliterate visual artists in South Africa. A model of the information environment of South African visual artists was developed. This model provides a basis for another model which represents the optimal service that should be rendered to meet the needs of this user group. It was found that the general information needs of South African artists are fairly adequately met, but that there are several shortfalls, especially in serving their more complex information needs. The most important problems are the lack of training in the use of information sources and services, inadequate marketing of services and inadequate coverage of South African art. It was also found that greater coordination between service providers is urgently required, especially in the provision of information about South African art.
M. (Information Science)

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
圖書資訊學研究所
100
Virtual references, the provision of reference service in the virtual environment, employ a wide variety of information and communication technologies, including email, FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions), chat software, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and videoconferencing. The development of synchronous virtual reference initiated in 2000 makes it possible for librarians and users to conduct interviews through the use of Internet, and thus eliminates the barriers of time and space. Users also feel less pressured and more expressive through this kind of computer-mediated communication. The system function of co-browsing (sharing screen with other people) helps the comprehension and clarification of information duringthe interview. The dataset for this study consists of transcripts of 9 volunteer librarians and 30 users and the user feedback. The research method includes discourse analysis and content analysis. These transcripts are coded by the unit of utterance, using the framework of RUSA guidelines for reference services providers. The coding results are sorted into categories and manipulated statistically. The feedbacks are also analyzed with the framework of RUSA guidelines. By analyzing the discourse between virtual reference librarians and users, 5 interview strategies are proposed, including: (A) approachability, (B) clarification, comprehension, and confirmation, (C) searching and responding, (D) follow-up and closure, (E) other situations about virtual reference service system. In interview strategy A, librarians greeted and showed their willing to help users; users thought librarians' attitude in the interview was nice. In interview strategy B, librarians clarified questions; users thought librarians' ability to clarify questions is good and librarians should know how much information users had got. In interview strategy C, librarians introduced resources; users thought librarians should improve the ability to instructing information retrieving skills, responding appropriately, caring about what users were watching, and accessing various kinds of resources. In interview strategy D, librarians asked users if there is any question; users hoped that librarians would keep contact with them actively. In interview strategy E, librarians checked the quality of voice; users thought librarians should guide them to manipulate the virtual reference service system. Interview strategies are not only important in medical, social work, psychotherapist, and law field, but also in LIS field. And the interview strategies should be arranged into the training courses for reference services librarians. Although interview strategies are significant, it is also crucial for virtual reference librarians to develop their own service characteristics and improve the knowledge of all kinds of reference resources.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
100
The process of finding books in the library, often get lost by the similar bookshelves and the height of bookshelves. The visibility and familiarity of emergency Signs , influence the user's behavior and the time of evacuation; This research will use virtual reality technology as an experimental tool and use Quest 3D to build Interactive scene. The process of the experiment will record 30 subject’s way-finding process and the evacuation time, and then analyze the experimental performance and results. In this study, to discuss above topics, the conclusions are as follows: 1. According to analysis of way-finding, subjects tend to go left. But influenced by the emergency Signs or furniture, it will change the characteristics of the left turn. 2.About 53% subjects in way-finding reference emergency signs. In addition to emergency signs , subjects select the way by their sense of homing instinct、frequently used paths and more spacious space. 3.Gender、professional background of architectural design、Subjects’ sense of direction、space familiarity will not influence the time of the evacuation, but Men and subjects’ sense of direction is better , faster to find stairs. 4. Furniture should be avoided to overlap with emergency signs, and obscured its visibility and direction. 5. Emergency Signs at Corner or intersection, should be avoided in one direction and obscured its visibility, it is recommended that set the emergency signs at the ground of the intersection. 6. According to the plan of the library, stairs are located in the north and south of the building. Therefore, when subjects walk in the east and west side of the building, the time of way-finding will increase and thereby will influence the safety of evacuation. In the future, the plan of architecture should consider the relationship between stair’s location and the path of evacuation.

Authority control is the backbone of the library catalogue and therefore a critical library activity. Experienced staff create authority records to assist users in their quest for information. The focus of this study is on authority control as a means of co-operation in academic library consortia using a union catalogue maintained by a Central Office for Authority Control. Literature studies were conducted on three sub-problems: the development of academic library consortia in South Africa, and various forms, characteristics and functions of academic library consortia in general; the characteristics, principals and objectives of authority control; and the functions of union catalogues with special reference to the role of Z39.50 within virtual union catalogues. The conclusion was that existing and new authority records should be made available as widely as possible within consortia through a union catalogue. It is however a partial solution, because not all the libraries within the consortium have the expertise to create new authority records. Two empirical studies were conducted. A cost analysis was done to determine the cost of creating and changing authority records within academic library consortia in South Africa, in order to choose a system within which authority control can be performed effectively and speedily. Secondly, a questionnaire was sent to libraries in the United States to gather information on their experiences with regard to authority control, library co-operation in general, and virtual union catalogues. The United States was the natural choice because it could be regarded as the birthplace of modern library consortia. Inferences drawn from the information received was used to develop the structure and functions for a Central Office for Authority Control in academic library consortia in South Africa. It was found that authority control within an academic library consortium using a union catalogue could be conducted most cost-effectively and timeously through such a Central Office for Authority Control. The purpose of the Central Office would be to co-ordinate authority control within the consortium. Pooling available resources within the consortium would keep the cost of authority control as low as possible. Libraries with the required infrastructure and expertise would have the opportunity to create authority records on behalf of other libraries and be compensated for their services. Through such a Central Office more authority records created according to mutually accepted standards would be available for sharing within the consortium.
Information Science
D.Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

The aim of this thesis is to describe of the chat application in the virtual reference services from both theoretical and practical point of view. The theoretical part is based on close reading of the mostly foreign literature. The first introductory chapter discusses the terminology and definition of reference services and then virtual reference services, which have not been settled yet. The second chapter deals with chat application. All phases of the chat application are mentioned, from planning through implementation and marketing to the final evaluation of the service. The third chapter is devoted to chat as a specific form of communication with particular focus on its advantages and disadvantages in the library services. The findings of these chapters are used in the analysis of the chosen virtual reference services. The practical part in the fourth chapter constitutes chat in real use, first in foreign libraries, then in Czech libraries as well. The fifth chapter constitutes the main contribution of the practical part. It describes the chat preparation within the Czech cooperative virtual reference service "Ask your library" in the National Library of the Czech Republic, in which the autor of this thesis participated. The conclusion provides a brief summary.