Relevant bibliographies by topics / VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL

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Academic literature on the topic 'VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL"

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Xu, Chenglong, Liang Cheng, and Huimin Qian. "Virtual Inertia Control of Wind Turbine Based on Model Predictive Control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2310, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2310/1/012092.

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Abstract A useful method for system frequency adjustment of wind turbines is theoretical inertia control. The classic PD theoretical inertia control has difficulty in parameter setting, and does not provide useful inertial support for the system on a case-by-case basis. Therefore, a theoretical inertia control way for wind turbines on account of Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed, which provides inertia support when frequency events occur. To confirm the availability of the proposed control method, MATLAB/Simulink® software was employed for system modeling and simulation. The simulation consequences demonstrate that when the system is disturbed by the load, the proposed MPC theoretical inertia control has better robustness and frequency stability than PD theoretical inertia control.
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Ma, Dezhi, and Wenyi Li. "Wind-Storage Combined Virtual Inertial Control Based on Quantization and Regulation Decoupling of Active Power Increments." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145184.

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With the increasing proportion of wind turbines in power grids, they are required to have capabilities of active and efficient virtual inertial response to maintain grid frequency stability. However, the virtual inertial control methods currently used in doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) units suffer from a secondary frequency drop (SFD) problem. Although the SFD can be inhibited by reducing the active power support strength of the DFIG units during inertia response, it will undoubtedly weaken the virtual inertia of the units. Therefore, how to eliminate the SFD while increasing the virtual inertia of the units is a worthy issue for studying. To solve this issue, a wind-storage combined virtual inertial control system based on quantization and regulation decoupling of active power increments is proposed in this paper. First, by setting the parameters of a proportional–differential (P-D) algorithm, the total active power increments required for virtual inertial response are quantified at the DFIG level. Secondly, a curve-shifting method based on the rate of change of frequency is adopted to adjust the active power output of the DFIG units. Finally, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is used to compensate for the power shortages of the units according to the quantized value of the active power increments. Simulations show that the control method can not only eliminate SFD but also effectively increase the system’s virtual inertia.
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Mujcinagic, Alija, Mirza Kusljugic, and Emir Nukic. "Wind Inertial Response Based on the Center of Inertia Frequency of a Control Area." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236177.

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As a result of the increased integration of power converter-connected variable speed wind generators (VSWG), which do not provide rotational inertia, concerns about the frequency stability of interconnected power systems permanently arise. If the inertia of a power system is insufficient, wind power plants’ participation in the inertial response should be required. A trendy solution for the frequency stability improvement in low inertia systems is based on utilizing so-called “synthetic” or “virtual” inertia from modern VSWG. This paper presents a control scheme for the virtual inertia response of wind power plants based on the center of inertia (COI) frequency of a control area. The PSS/E user written wind inertial controller based on COI frequency is developed using FORTRAN. The efficiency of the controller is tested and applied to the real interconnected power system of Southeast Europe. The performed simulations show certain conceptual advantages of the proposed controller in comparison to traditional schemes that use the local frequency to trigger the wind inertial response. The frequency response metrics, COI frequency calculation and graphical plots are obtained using Python.
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Li, Congshan, Xiaowei Zhang, Ping He, Zikai Zhen, and Kefeng Zhao. "Adaptive Droop Control of VSC-MTDC System Based on Virtual Inertia." Electronics 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2023): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102324.

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In order to solve the problem that the voltage source converter based multi-terminal direct current (VSC-MTDC) system cannot provide inertia and participate in frequency modulation after connecting to the AC power grid under the traditional control strategy, an adaptive control strategy based on virtual inertia is proposed. First, the relationship between AC frequency and DC voltage was established by a virtual inertia control, allowing the VSC-MTDC system to provide inertia to the AC side. Second, to address the limited inertia coefficient selection due to DC voltage deviation, an adaptive control was adopted. When the DC voltage deviation is small, the inertia coefficient is increased to obtain a better inertial response; on the contrary, the inertia coefficient is reduced to prevent the DC voltage from exceeding the limit. Finally, to solve the problem of insufficient flexibility of the fixed droop coefficient, this paper introduces the power margin of a VSC-station into the droop coefficient to dynamically adjust the distribution ratio of unbalanced power and reduce the DC voltage deviation. The three-terminal VSC-MTDC system was modelled on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, and the superiority of the control strategy was highlighted in this paper by comparing it with conventional droop control and a fixed virtual inertia coefficient.
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Ibrahim, Ismail, Cathal O’Loughlin, and Terence O’Donnell. "Virtual Inertia Control of Variable Speed Heat Pumps for the Provision of Frequency Support." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2020): 1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081863.

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The growth in the integration of converter interfaced renewable energy has reduced the system inertia, which threatens system stability due to high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and frequency nadir issues unless steps are taken to mitigate it. There is a need to provide sufficient fast frequency response to maintain adequate inertia in the system. This paper investigates the capabilities of a variable speed heat pump to provide an emulated inertial response. This paper presents a virtual synchronous machine control for a variable speed heat pump that provides support for grid frequency regulation over the inertial response time frame. A small-signal model with the transfer function of the variable speed heat pump is developed to analyse the effectiveness and feasibility of providing virtual inertia at the device and grid level, respectively. Furthermore, the small-signal model is validated using hardware in the loop simulation. Finally, the aggregated frequency response and virtual inertia contribution by a population of the heat pumps are evaluated and quantified in an urban distribution system.
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Fang, Chaoxiong, Yuchen Tang, Rong Ye, Zhangsui Lin, Zhenshan Zhu, Buying Wen, and Chengtao Ye. "Adaptive Control Strategy of Energy Storage System Participating in Primary Frequency Regulation." Processes 8, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060687.

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In order to solve the capacity shortage problem in power system frequency regulation caused by large-scale integration of renewable energy, the battery energy storage-assisted frequency regulation is introduced. In this paper, an adaptive control strategy for primary frequency regulation of the energy storage system (ESS) was proposed. The control strategy combined virtual droop control, virtual inertial control, and virtual negative inertial control. The virtual inertial control was used to reduce the frequency change rate, and the virtual droop control was used to reduce the steady-state frequency deviation. The virtual droop control and the virtual inertia control were adopted in the frequency deterioration stage to slow down the frequency drop. While in the frequency recovery stage, the virtual negative inertia control worked together with the virtual droop control to accelerate the frequency recovery. Besides, the coefficients of the control methods were related to the state of charge (SOC) of ESS to avoid over-charging and over-discharging of the battery. Finally, a simulation model was built in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and case studies were conducted to verify the proposed control strategy. Results showed that the proposed method could meet the demand for frequency regulation and was beneficial to the cycle life of ESS.
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Lin, Jinjiao, Xiangping Kong, Lei Gao, Mingzhong Zheng, Peng Li, and Chenqing Wang. "Stability Enhancement of Modular Multilevel Converter - High Voltage Direct Current Systems Interacted with Weak Power Grid Based on Current-mode Virtual Inertia Control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2488, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2488/1/012025.

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Abstract The extensive growth of large-scale flexible high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems compromises the strength of the alternating current (AC) power grid. Sub-synchronous oscillations will likely arise within such flexible HVDC systems, which would significantly threaten the grand electric power system’s stable operation. A current-type enhanced virtual inertia control is proposed to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillations induced by a weak AC power grid in the modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC systems. Firstly, a small signal model of MMC is established to study the stability of the system under a weak power grid. Focally, a current-mode virtual inertial control is proposed to suppress the AC power grid’s sub-synchronous oscillation by directly taking the grid current as the virtual inertia control variable. Finally, the proposed virtual inertia control approach is verified using both offline and real-time simulation based on the Chongqing-Hubei flexible MMC-HVDC transmission system. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed current-mode virtual inertia control strategy can efficiently suppress sub-synchronous oscillations in the MMC-HVDC system interacting with a weak AC grid, which enhances the stability and reliability of the power system.
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Wang, Huan, and Lei Pan. "DFIG Virtual Inertia Frequency Control Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.505.

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During the DFIG maximum power tracking control process, the rotor side converter is only based on the wind turbine speed to regulate the active power output; it almost no provides effective inertia. DFIG could add auxiliary virtual inertia control system, when the system frequency is reduced, releasing the rotor "hidden" kinetic energy to support the grid dynamic frequency.
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Yang, Li, and Zhijian Hu. "Implementation of Dynamic Virtual Inertia Control of Supercapacitors for Multi-Area PV-Based Microgrid Clusters." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 18, 2020): 3299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083299.

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In order to improve the dynamic stability of multi-area microgrid (MG) clusters in the autonomous mode, this study proposes a novel fuzzy-based dynamic inertia control strategy for supercapacitors in multi-area autonomous MG clusters. By virtue of the integral manifold theory, the interactive influence of inertia on dynamic stability for multi-area MG clusters is explored in detail. The energy function of multi-area MG clusters is constructed to further analyze the inertia constant. Based on the analysis of the mechanism, a control strategy for the fuzzy-based dynamic inertia control of supercapacitors for multi-area MG clusters is further proposed. For each sub-microgrid (sub-MG), the gain of the fuzzy-based dynamic inertia control is self-tuned dynamically, with system events being triggered, so as to flexibly and robustly enhance the dynamic performance of the multi-area MG clusters in the autonomous mode. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, a three-area photovoltaic (PV)-based MG cluster is designed and simulated on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Moreover, a comparison between the dynamic fuzzy-based inertial control method and an additional droop control method is finally presented to validate the advantages of the fuzzy-based dynamic inertial control approach.
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Saleh, Amr, Hany M. Hasanien, Rania A. Turky, Balgynbek Turdybek, Mohammed Alharbi, Francisco Jurado, and Walid A. Omran. "Optimal Model Predictive Control for Virtual Inertia Control of Autonomous Microgrids." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 11, 2023): 5009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065009.

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For the time being, renewable energy source (RES) penetration has significantly increased in power networks, particularly in microgrids. The overall system inertia is dramatically decreased by replacing traditional synchronous machines with RES. This negatively affects the microgrid dynamics under uncertainties, lowering the microgrid frequency stability, specifically in the islanded mode of operation. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the islanded microgrid frequency resilience using the virtual inertia frequency control concept. Additionally, optimal model predictive control (MPC) is employed in the virtual inertial control model. The optimum design of the MPC is attained using an optimization algorithm, the African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA). To certify the efficacy of the proposed controller, the AVOA-based MPC is compared with a conventional proportional–integral (PI) controller that is optimally designed using various optimization techniques. The actual data of RES is utilized, and a random load power pattern is applied to achieve practical simulation outcomes. Additionally, the microgrid paradigm contains battery energy storage (BES) units for enhancing the islanded microgrid transient stability. The simulation findings show the effectiveness of AVOA-based MPC in improving the microgrid frequency resilience. Furthermore, the results secure the role of BES in improving transient responses in the time domain simulations. The simulation outcomes are obtained using MATLAB software.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL"

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Rakhshani, Elyas. "Analysis and control of multi–area HVDC interconnected power systems by using virtual inertia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404614.

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Virtual inertia is known as an inevitable part of the modern power systems. Recent trend of research is oriented in different methods of emulating virtual inertia in different part of the systems. This dissertation is focused on modelling, analysing and application of virtual inertia concept in frequency control and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) issue in high level control AC/DC interconnected power systems. Since the virtual inertia is provided by advanced control concepts of power electronic based components, the HVDC links are the main focus of this dissertation for emulating inertia. AGC in a multi-area power system during load and resource variation is known as a very important mechanism that could facilitate various tasks like: frequency restoration, tie-line power control between authority areas and economic dispatch of generation units. The AGC concept is known as higher level control at the transmission level. This higher level control will generate the set-points for all the local components, like generators or power converter stations, which are under control by their local controllers. In this thesis two different methods for emulating virtual inertia are proposed and introduced in AGC modelling and control of AC/DC interconnected power systems. The first method which is one of the common methods for emulating inertia in various filed of applications, is derivative control technique. In this thesis, derivative control technique is used for higher level application of inertia emulation. This method of inertia emulation is developed for two-area AGC system which is connected by parallel AC/DC transmission lines. Based on the proposed technique, the dynamic effect of inertia emulated for frequency and active power control of interconnected systems are evaluated. The effects of frequency measurements delay and Phase Locked Loop (PLL) effects are also considered by introducing a second-order function. Simulations performed by Matlab software demonstrate how virtual inertia emulation can effectively improve the performance of the power system. A detailed eigenvalue and sensitivity analyses have been also performed to support the positive effects of the proposed method. Since the first method is based on derivation for grid frequency, the measurement of frequency is very important and application of different method for frequency measurements like PLL will bring some limitations for this method. Therefore, as an ultimate solution, the second method for virtual inertia emulation is introduced in this thesis. The second method is based on Virtual Synchronous Power (VSP) concept. The concept of VSP to simulate the dynamic effects of inertia emulations by HVDC links for higher level control applications is introduced and reflected in the multi-area AGC model. By using this proposed combination in AGC model, the dynamic performance of the systems shows a significant improvement. The active power loop control on VSP based HVDC link has second-order characteristic which make a simultaneous enabling of damping and inertia emulations into the system. Trajectory sensitivities and eigenvalue analyses are used to analyse the effects of VSP on the system stability. The effectiveness of proposed concept on dynamic improvements is tested through Matlab simulation of multi-area test system. Finally, it became clear that virtual inertia will add additional degree of freedom to the system dynamics which makes a considerable improvement in first overshoot in addition to damping characteristics of HVDC links. Comparing the results of these two different methods of inertia emulation shows that VSP technique has better performance with several advantages for emulating the inertia. In the VSP technique, PLL and frequency estimation are not required. Also considering the fact that simultaneous damping and inertia could be emulated, a powerful method based on VSP for improving the system dynamics during the contingencies is proposed.
El concepto de inercia virtual se está convirtiendo en una parte imprescindible de los sistemas de energía modernos y en la actualidad hay diferentes líneas de investigación orientadas a estudiar diferentes métodos de emulación de inercia virtual en diferentes partes del sistema.Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el modelado, análisis y aplicación del concepto de inercia virtual en el control de frecuencia y en el control automático de generación (AGC), los cuales son elementos clave en el control de alto nivel de los sistemas eléctricos interconectados AC / DC.Dada la evolución tanto en las topologías, como en las prestaciones de control de los convertidores electrónicos de potencia, los enlaces HVDC y el control a alto nivel de los dispositivos implicados para emular inercia constituirán el foco principal de esta tesis doctoral.El AGC es un mecanismo muy útil en un sistema de potencia multi-zona durante, sobre todo cuando hay variaciones en la carga o en la generación, ya que puede facilitar diversas tareas como: la restauración de frecuencia, control de potencia de líneas de enlace entre las áreas y el despacho económico de los sistemas de generación. En este contexto en AGC, dada su condición de control a alto nivel, generará las consignas para todos los elementos locales, tales como generadores o estaciones de conversión de energía, que están bajo el control de sus controladores locales.En esta tesis se proponen dos métodos diferentes para emular inercia virtual, los cuales se introducirán, se modelarán y se aplicarán al control de sistemas de potencia AC / DC interconectados. El primer método, que es uno de los métodos más comunes para la emulación de inercia en otras aplicaciones, es la técnica del control derivativo. En esta tesis, esta técnica se utiliza para llevar a cabo la emulación de inercia a alto nivel. Éste método de emulación de inercia se ha desarrollado para un sistema AGC de dos área que está interconectado mediante líneas de transmisión de CA / CC en paralelo. Sobre la base de la técnica propuesta, el efecto dinámico de la inercia emulada sobre el control de frecuencia y potencia activa será formulado y evaluado. Los efectos del retardo mediciones de frecuencia y los efectos del bucle de sincronización (PLL) también se consideran en el análisis y posterior ensayo. Las simulaciones llevadas a cabo demostrarán cómo la emulación de inercia virtual puede mejorar efectivamente el rendimiento del sistema de potencia.Dado que el primer método se basa en la derivación de la frecuencia de red, la medición de la frecuencia es muy importante y la aplicación de los métodos de medida de la misma, como las PLL, conlleva algunas limitaciones en la aplicación y respuesta del mismo. Por lo tanto, como una solución definitiva, se introduce el segundo método para la emulación de inercia virtual en esta tesis. El segundo método se basa en el concepto de energía síncrona virtual (VSP). El concepto de VSP, el cual permite simular los efectos dinámicos de las emulaciones de inercia por enlaces HVDC, se presentará y aplicará en sistemas de control de alto nivel, aplicándolo finalmente en el modelo AGC multi-zona. Tal y como se demostrará, mediante el uso de esta combinación propuesta en el modelo de AGC, el comportamiento dinámico de los sistemas muestra una mejora significativa. El control de bucle de potencia activa en el enlace HVDC basado en el VSP tiene una característica de segundo orden que genera una respuesta instantánea y permite controlar la amortiguación y la inercia en el sistema. La eficacia de concepto propuesto en las mejoras dinámicas se probará en plataformas de simulación que representarán un sistema multi-zona. Por último, se demostrará que la inercia virtual añade un grado de libertad adicional a la dinámica del sistema, lo cual ayuda a controlar el sobre pico así como el amortiguamiento en los transitorios en los enlaces HVDC.
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Shrestha, Pratigya. "Inverter-based Control to Enhance the Resiliency of a Distribution System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93764.

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Due to the increase in the integration of renewable energy to the grid, there is a critical need for varying the existing methods and techniques for grid operation. With increased renewable energy, mainly wind and photovoltaics, there is a reduction in inertia as the percentage of inverter-based resources is increasing. This can bring about an issue with the maintenance and operation of the grid with respect to frequency and voltage. Thus, the ability of inverters to regulate the voltage and frequency becomes significant. Under normal operation of the system, the ability of the inverters to support the grid frequency and voltage while following the grid is sufficient. However, the operation of the inverters during a resiliency mode, under which there is an extended outage of the utility system, will require the inverter functionality to go beyond support and actually maintain the voltage and frequency as done by synchronous machines, acting as the grid-forming inverter. This project focuses on the operation of grid forming sources based on the virtual synchronous generator to regulate the voltage and frequency in the absence of the grid voltage through decentralized control of the inverters in the distribution feeder. With the most recent interconnection standard for the distributed generation, IEEE-1547 2018, the inverter-based generation can be used for this purpose. The simulations are performed in the Simulink environment and the case studies are done on the IEEE 13 node test-feeder.
Master of Science
With the increase in the renewable energy sources in the present grid, the established methods for the operation of the grid needs to be updated due to the changes that the large amount of renewable energy sources bring to the system. Due to the While the conventional resources in the power system was mainly synchronous generators that had an inherent characteristic for frequency support and regulation due to the inertia this characteristic can be lacking in many of the renewable energy sources that are usually inverter-based. At present, the commonly adapted function for the inverters is to follow the grid which is suitable in case of normal operation of the power system. However, during emergency scenarios when the utility is disconnected and a part of the system has to operate independently the inverters need to be able to regulate both the voltage and frequency on their own. In this project the inverter-based control, termed as the virtual synchronous generator, has been studied such that it mimics the well-established controls for the conventional generators so that the inverter-based renewable resource appears similar to the conventional generator from the point of view of the grid in terms of the electrical quantities. The utilization of this type of control for operation of a part of the feeder with each inverter-based resource controlling its output in a decentralized manner is studied. The controls try to mimic the established controls for conventional synchronous machine and use it for maintain operation of the system with inverters.
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Miranda, La Hera Pedro Xavier. "Contributions to Motion Planning and Orbital Stabilization : Case studies: Furuta Pendulum swing up, Inertia Wheel oscillations and Biped Robot walking." Licentiate thesis, Umeå : Umepå universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1874.

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LABELLA, ALESSANDRO GIUSEPPE. "Advanced Primary Controllers for Inverter Based Power Sources: Microgrids and Wind Power Plants." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1009797.

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The aim of this doctoral thesis is to present the research activity fulfilled during the Ph.D. studies. The research project of the candidate was focused on two main cores. The first core is centred in the microgrid area; in particular in islanded microgrid modelling and control. Firstly, the model was compared with experimental results collected in some facilities available at University of Genoa. Then traditional controllers for islanded microgrid are analysed and explored, proposing a new stability estimation procedure for droop controlled microgrid. Finally, a new control strategy based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed in order to collect many functionalities in just one control layer. MPC is widely used in MG environment, but just for power and energy management at tertiary level; instead here it is here proposed with an inedited use. Some experimental validations about this new methodology are obtained during a research period in Serbia and Denmark. The second core is related with synthetic inertia for wind turbine connected to the main grid, i.e. frequency support during under-frequency transients. This aspect is very important today because it represents a way to increase grid stability in low inertia power systems. The importance of this feature is shared by all the most important Transmitter System Operators (TSO) all over the world.
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Khasawneh, Hussam Jihad. "Sizing Methodology and Life Improvement of Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429638668.

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Perez, Filipe. "Control of AC/DC Microgrids with Renewables in the Context of Smart Grids : Including Ancillary Services and Electric Mobility." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG011.

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Les Microgrids sont une excellente solution aux problèmes actuels soulevés par la croissance constante de la demande de charge et la forte pénétration des sources d’énergie renouvelables, qui se traduisent par une modernisation du réseau grâce au concept de “Smart-Grids”. L’impact des sources d’énergie distribuées basées sur l’électronique de puissance est une préoccupation importante pour les systèmes d’alimentation, où la régulation naturelle de la fréquence du système est entravée en raison de la réduction de l’inertie. Dans ce contexte, les réseaux à courant continu (CC) sont considérés comme une solution pertinente, car la nature CC des appareils électroniques de puissance apporte des avantages technologiques et économiques par rapport au courant alternatif (CA). La thèse propose la conception et le contrôle d’une Microgrid hybride AC/DC pour intégrer différentes sources renouvelables, y compris la récupération d’énergie solaire et de freinage des trains, aux systèmes de stockage d’énergie sous forme de batteries et de supercondensateurs et à des charges telles que les véhicules électriques ou d’autres réseaux (AC ou DC), pour un fonctionnement et une stabilité fiables. La stabilisation des tensions des bus du Microgrid et la fourniture de services systèmes sont assurées par la stratégie de contrôle proposée, où une étude de stabilité rigoureuse est réalisée. Un contrôleur non linéaire distribué de bas niveau, basé sur une approche “Systemof- Systems”, est développé pour un fonctionnement correct de l’ensemble du Microgrid. Un supercondensateur est appliqué pour faire face aux transitoires, équilibrant le bus CC du Microgrid et absorbant l’énergie injectée par des sources d’énergie intermittentes et possiblement très fortes comme celle provenant du freinage régénératif de trains ou metros, tandis que la batterie réalise le flux de puissance à long terme. Un contrôle de linéarisation par bouclage dynamique basé sur une analyse par perturbation singulière est développé pour les supercondensateurs et les trains. Des fonctions de Lyapunov sont construites en tenant compte des dispositifs interconnectés au Microgrid pour assurer la stabilité de l’ensemble du système. Les simulations mettent en évidence les performances du contrôle proposé avec des tests de robustesse paramétriques et une comparaison avec le contrôleur linéaire traditionnel. L’approche VSM (Virtual Synchronous Machine) est implémentée dans le Microgrid pour le partage de puissance et l’amélioration de la stabilité de fréquence. Une inertie virtuelle adaptative est proposée, puis la constante d’inertie devient une variable d’état du système qui peut être conçue pour améliorer la stabilité de fréquence et le support inertiel, où l’analyse de stabilité est effectuée. Par conséquent, le VSM est la connexion de liaison entre les côtés DC et AC du Microgrid, où la puissance disponible dans le réseau DC est utilisée pour les services système dans les Microgrids AC. Les résultats de la simulation montrent l’efficacité de l’inertie adaptative proposée, où une comparaison avec la solution de statisme et le contrôle standard est effectuée
Microgrids are a very good solution for current problems raised by the constant growth of load demand and high penetration of renewable energy sources, that results in grid modernization through “Smart-Grids” concept. The impact of distributed energy sources based on power electronics is an important concern for power systems, where natural frequency regulation for the system is hindered because of inertia reduction. In this context, Direct Current (DC) grids are considered a relevant solution, since the DC nature of power electronic devices bring technological and economical advantages compared to Alternative Current (AC). The thesis proposes the design and control of a hybrid AC/DC Microgrid to integrate different renewable sources, including solar power and braking energy recovery from trains, to energy storage systems as batteries and supercapacitors and to loads like electric vehicles or another grids (either AC or DC), for reliable operation and stability. The stabilization of the Microgrid buses’ voltages and the provision of ancillary services is assured by the proposed control strategy, where a rigorous stability study is made. A low-level distributed nonlinear controller, based on “System-of-Systems” approach is developed for proper operation of the whole Microgrid. A supercapacitor is applied to deal with transients, balancing the DC bus of the Microgrid and absorbing the energy injected by intermittent and possibly strong energy sources as energy recovery from the braking of trains and subways, while the battery realizes the power flow in long term. Dynamical feedback control based on singular perturbation analysis is developed for supercapacitor and train. A Lyapunov function is built considering the interconnected devices of the Microgrid to ensure the stability of the whole system. Simulations highlight the performance of the proposed control with parametric robustness tests and a comparison with traditional linear controller. The Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) approach is implemented in the Microgrid for power sharing and frequency stability improvement. An adaptive virtual inertia is proposed, then the inertia constant becomes a system’s state variable that can be designed to improve frequency stability and inertial support, where stability analysis is carried out. Therefore, the VSM is the link between DC and AC side of the Microgrid, regarding the available power in DC grid, applied for ancillary services in the AC Microgrid. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive inertia, where a comparison with droop and standard control techniques is conducted
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Montezuma, Marcio Aurélio Furtado. "Metodologia para identificação e controle de um protótipo de uma plataforma de movimento com 2 G.D.L." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18148/tde-11012011-143451/.

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Devido à dificuldade em se desenvolver um sistema de controle baseado no modelo da planta, principalmente quando a mesma possui diversos graus de liberdade, busca-se uma metodologia a fim de minimizar o tempo e os esforços para projetar o sistema de controle. A metodologia consiste na utilização de um software de sistemas multicorpos, para a geração do conjunto de equações que descrevem o comportamento dinâmico, a partir de características físicas do sistema, tais como: massa, centro de massa, momentos principais de inércia, dimensões dos elos e juntas com determinados graus de liberdade. Para determinação das características físicas, são utilizadas técnicas experimentais, procedimentos e instrumentação para identificação com acuracidade controlada dos centros de massa e dos momentos principais de inércia dos elos. Estes são considerados corpos rígidos não homogêneos, algumas vezes acoplados por juntas de movimento, não sendo possível desacoplá-los. O sistema de controle utiliza um sistema com realimentação de estados com observador, capaz de fornecer resultados satisfatórios. O observador é utilizado para diminuir o número de estados medidos, facilitando a instrumentação do mecanismo. Esses procedimentos podem ser aplicados à maioria dos sistemas multicorpos, com muitos graus de liberdade, a fim de se obter um sistema de controle com desempenho e acuracidade predefinidos, para serem implementados em sistemas de aquisição e controle flexíveis, ou através de hardwares dedicados. Para validar essa metodologia, esta será aplicada ao protótipo de uma plataforma de movimento que, por conveniência de projeto, teve seus graus de liberdade controlados limitados a dois. Seu acionamento dá-se por servomotores brushless, atuadores de fusos de esferas, utilizando-se sensores de posição linear por magnetostrição e angular ópticos. O fato do número de graus de liberdade ter sido reduzido a dois não invalida a metodologia, caso seja necessário aplicá-la a sistemas com qualquer número de graus de liberdade.
The difficulty to develop a control system based in the model of the plant, mainly when the plant has many degrees of freedom, motivated this work which presents a methodology to minimize the time and effort in developing the control system. The methodology consists on the use of a multibody systems software for generating the set of equations that describes the system dynamic behavior, starting from its physical characteristics such as mass, center of mass, principal moments of inertia, dimensions of the links and joints with certain degrees of freedom coupling the links. For the physical characteristics determination, experimental techniques, procedures and instrumentation are used to identify, with controlled accuracy, the links centers of mass and principal moments of inertia, being the plant considered formed by non homogeneous rigid bodies, sometimes coupled by joints of movement and not being possible to uncouple them. For the control system a state feedback control system with estimator is used, capable of suppling satisfactory results. An estimator is used to reduce the number of measured states facilitating the mechanism instrumentation. Those procedures can be applied to most of multibody systems with several degrees of freedom to obtain a control system with performance and accuracy previously defined to be implemented in a flexible acquisition and control board or dedicated hardware. To validate this methodology, it will be applied to a prototype of a movement platform, which, for project convenience had their controlled degrees of freedom limited to two. The platform is driven by brushless servomotors, has actuators with spindle bearings, using sensors of linear position by magnetostriction and angular by optical principle. The fact of the number of degrees of freedom being reduced to two doesn\'t invalidate the methodology in case it is necessary to apply it to systems with any number of degrees of freedom.
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SHIH, CHENG-MING, and 石承民. "Intelligent Control of Grid-Connected Microgrid with Virtual Inertia." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/upvdt2.

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碩士
國立中央大學
電機工程學系
107
A microgrid with virtual inertia using master-slave control is proposed in this study to overcome the drawbacks of traditional inverter-based distributed generators such as lack of inertia and without grid-forming capability. The microgrid using master-slave control is composed of a storage system, a photovoltaic (PV) system and a varying resistive three-phase load. The storage system and PV system are regarded as the master unit and the slave unit respectively in the microgrid. Moreover, in order to improve the reactive power control in grid-connected mode and the transient response of microgrid during the switching between the grid-connected mode and islanding mode, an online trained recurrent probabilistic wavelet fuzzy neural network (RPWFNN) is proposed to replace the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller in the storage system. Furthermore, when the microgrid is operated in islanding mode, the load variation will have serious influence on the voltage control of the microgrid. Thus, the RPWFNN control is also proposed to improve the transient and steady-state responses of voltage control in the microgrid. Finally, according to some experimental results, the excellent control performance of the microgrid with virtual inertia using the proposed intelligent controller can be achieved.
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PRIYA, PRERNA. "VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL STRATEGY TO MITIGATE THE FREQUENCY EXCURSION WITH LARGE PENETRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/20023.

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The introduction of renewable energy (RE) aids in lowering the inertia of the power system. When renewable energy (RE) sources take the place of conventional generators, the system's rotational mass decreases, which poses issues for the system's overall stability, especially at higher integration. For the future power grid, including a virtual inertia (inertial response) in renewable energy will be essential. The artificial inertia, primary, and secondary controllers' frequency response models are shown in state space. The dynamic and static performances of the artificial inertia response model are described, using small-signal (dynamic) and state-space analyses. Under two scenarios—significant solar and wind energy integration and random load demand with RES integration—the impacts of system inertia reduction are examined. To handle interruptions caused by the integration of highly dispersed generators (DG) and renewable energy sources (RES), the virtual inertia constant (KAI), which is necessary for simulating extra inertia output into the system, is maintained at the same value. Poor control value selection can result in instability, a long recovery time, and a larger frequency deviation for virtual inertia control. This research uses the fundamental proportional-integral (PI), which is widely used in industrial systems in real-world applications, to apply virtual inertia control to this issue. This yields the precise virtual inertia constant required to simulate actual inertia power and increase the system's frequency stability.
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Chang, Chia-Ming, and 張家銘. "Inertial-Sensor-Based Remote Control of a Virtual Robot Arm for Fishing." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06325325543685898805.

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碩士
淡江大學
電機工程學系碩士在職專班
100
This thesis presents an inertial-sensor-based remote control of a virtual robot arm for fishing. A sleeve with built-in inertial and magnetic sensors (accelerometer and electronic compass) is utilized to capture human arm posture. Then the collected kinematic data is transmitted through a wireless transmission technology to remote control a tri-axial virtual robot arm for restoring human arm posture on fishing. For the purpose of real-time control, the microcontroller STM32F103VC that incorporates the high-performance ARM Cortex-M3 RISC processor core is adopted to implement the time division multiplexing and multi-threading mechanisms on the remote control system. With the frequency setting updated to be 10Hz, the response speed of the system is satisfactory. Experiment shows the viability of the proposed system.
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Books on the topic "VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL"

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. Virtual Inertia Synthesis and Control. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. Virtual Inertia Synthesis and Control. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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Virtual Inertia Synthesis and Control. Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL"

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Bevrani, Hassan. "Virtual Inertia-Based Frequency Control." In Robust Power System Frequency Control, 349–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07278-4_12.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Synthesis of Robust Virtual Inertia Control." In Power Systems, 203–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_8.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Model Predictive Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis." In Power Systems, 141–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_6.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Fuzzy Logic Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis." In Power Systems, 167–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_7.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "An Overview of Virtual Inertia and Its Control." In Power Systems, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_1.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Technical Challenges and Further Research in Virtual Inertia Control." In Power Systems, 249–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_10.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Application of PI/PID Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis." In Power Systems, 111–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_5.

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Kusiek, Arne. "Wie funktioniert das Prinzip Virtual Inertia Control bei Windenergieanlagen?" In Windenergieanlagen, 226–29. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446472877.049.

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Zhang, Xiangyu, Zhaozhan Jin, Yuan Fu, and Yongjian Zhu. "Wind Turbine Virtual Inertia Quantization Control Method Based on Additional Speed Control." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 967–75. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1439-5_90.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Optimization of Virtual Inertia Control Considering System Frequency Protection Scheme." In Power Systems, 227–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL"

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Hu, Yalong, Wei Wei, Yonggang Peng, and Jinyong Lei. "Fuzzy virtual inertia control for virtual synchronous generator." In 2016 35th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2016.7554718.

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Chen, Siyu, Xing Zhang, Yuhang Wu, Qiaohua Zhu, Chenghao Bao, and Xiangdui Zhan. "Segmented Adaptive Control of Virtual Inertia for Virtual Synchronous Machines." In 2022 7th International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpre55555.2022.9960672.

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Sun, Lingyu, Pengcheng Wang, Feng Jiang, Wei Zhang, Ming Zhong, and Yuqiang Wang. "Adaptive Virtual Inertia Control Method Based on Droop Control." In 2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie45552.2021.9576329.

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Wang, Wulin, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yaokun Jia, Jiao Li, Wei Li, and Bonian Shi. "Online Identification of Inertia and Primary Frequency Control for Wind Farms with Virtual Inertia Control." In 2022 IEEE 6th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei256261.2022.10116306.

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Waffenschmidt, Eberhard. "Virtual inertia grid control with LED lamp driver." In 2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iesc.2016.7569507.

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Wang, X., and W. Du. "Virtual inertia control of grid-connected wind farms." In International Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2015). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2015.0469.

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Gao, Zhimin, Yongji Cao, Hengxu Zhang, Hao Qin, Xiaoning Zhang, and Changgang Li. "Cooperative Control Strategy for Virtual Inertia Based on Fuzzy Control." In 2022 8th International Conference on Control Science and Systems Engineering (ICCSSE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsse55346.2022.10079772.

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Yu, Longzhen, Xiaoxiang Sun, Tong Li, Hailiang Zhong, Ming Li, and Yuqi Shao. "Virtual Inertia Control and Identification Method of Inertia Parameters for Doubly-Fed Units." In 2022 4th International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spies55999.2022.10082664.

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Wang, Xiaobing, Zhen Xie, and Yuyang Chang. "Control of PMSG-Based Wind Turbine with Virtual Inertia." In 2019 14th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2019.8833885.

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Liu, Yang, Shuitao Yang, Deepak Gunasekaran, and Fang Zheng Peng. "STATCOM-based virtual inertia control for wind power generation." In 2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2015.7104652.

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