Relevant bibliographies by topics / Virtual imaging

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Virtual imaging'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Virtual imaging"

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Kay, C. L. "Virtual small bowel imaging." Imaging 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/img.11.3.110155.

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Bretaudeau, M. L., J. L. Gailly, G. Moris, E. Stefani, and J. Knoplioch. "Virtual imaging: technical elements." RBM-News 19, no. 5 (October 1997): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0222-0776(97)89497-7.

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Nakata, Norio, Yukio Miyamoto, Fumio Tsujimoto, Junta Harada, Simpei Tada, and Kunihiko Fukuda. "Ultrasound virtual endoscopic imaging." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 22, no. 1 (February 2001): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2171(01)90020-4.

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Paquerault, Sophie. "Breast Imaging Going Virtual." Academic Radiology 18, no. 5 (May 2011): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.02.010.

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Huan Deng, Huan Deng, Qionghua Wang Qionghua Wang, Dahai Li Dahai Li, Chenggao Luo Chenggao Luo, and Chaochao Ji Chaochao Ji. "1D integral imaging based on parallax images' virtual reconstruction." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 4 (2013): 041101–41103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.041101.

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Wapenaar, Kees, Jan Thorbecke, Joost van der Neut, Filippo Broggini, Evert Slob, and Roel Snieder. "Marchenko imaging." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): WA39—WA57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0302.1.

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Traditionally, the Marchenko equation forms a basis for 1D inverse scattering problems. A 3D extension of the Marchenko equation enables the retrieval of the Green’s response to a virtual source in the subsurface from reflection measurements at the earth’s surface. This constitutes an important step beyond seismic interferometry. Whereas seismic interferometry requires a receiver at the position of the virtual source, for the Marchenko scheme it suffices to have sources and receivers at the surface only. The underlying assumptions are that the medium is lossless and that an estimate of the direct arrivals of the Green’s function is available. The Green’s function retrieved with the 3D Marchenko scheme contains accurate internal multiples of the inhomogeneous subsurface. Using source-receiver reciprocity, the retrieved Green’s function can be interpreted as the response to sources at the surface, observed by a virtual receiver in the subsurface. By decomposing the 3D Marchenko equation, the response at the virtual receiver can be decomposed into a downgoing field and an upgoing field. By deconvolving the retrieved upgoing field with the downgoing field, a reflection response is obtained, with virtual sources and virtual receivers in the subsurface. This redatumed reflection response is free of spurious events related to internal multiples in the overburden. The redatumed reflection response forms the basis for obtaining an image of a target zone. An important feature is that spurious reflections in the target zone are suppressed, without the need to resolve first the reflection properties of the overburden.
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Ferralli, Michael W. "Virtual imaging multiple transducer system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 4 (April 1998): 1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.421313.

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Galvin, Jeffrey R., Michael P. DʼAlessandro, William E. Erkonen, Wilbur L. Smith, Georges Y. El-Khoury, and James N. Weinstein. "Imaging Corner The Virtual Hospital." Spine 20, no. 15 (August 1995): 1735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199508000-00017.

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JOHNSON, KATE. "Virtual Colorectal Imaging: New Era?" Internal Medicine News 39, no. 23 (December 2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(06)74558-9.

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Nomura, Takakiyo, Tetsu Niwa, Soji Ozawa, Yutaka Imai, and Jun Hashimoto. "Visibility of bronchial arteries using virtual and advanced virtual monoenergetic imaging." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 12 (May 19, 2020): 1618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185120923992.

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Background The utility of virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) for fine arteries has not been well clarified. Purpose To assess bronchial artery visualization using VMI and noise-optimized advanced VMI (VMI+). Material and Methods Eighty-seven patients with esophageal cancer underwent computed tomography (CT) using a third-generation dual-source system before surgery. Tube voltages were set to 90 kVp and 150 kVp, respectively. Images were reconstructed using VMI and VMI+ with energy levels of 40–120 keV (in 10-keV increments); composite images equivalent to CT images at 105 kVp were also generated. The CT attenuation value and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of bronchial arteries using VMI and VMI+ were compared with those obtained using composite imaging. Two radiologists subjectively analyzed bronchial artery visualization with reference to the composite image. Results CT attenuation values for bronchial arteries using VMI at 40–60 keV and VMI+ at 40 keV and 50 keV were significantly higher than those obtained using composite imaging ( P < 0.05). CNR using VMI at 40–60 keV was significantly higher than that obtained using composite imaging ( P < 0.05), whereas no differences were noted for values obtained using composite imaging between VMI+ at 40 keV and 50 keV. In the subjective analysis, VMI at 40 keV and 50 keV yielded significantly better visibility of bronchial arteries than VMI+ ( P < 0.05). Conclusion VMI and VMI+ at low voltages (40–50 keV) may be useful for bronchial artery visualization. VMI+ may be less effective for fine vessels as bronchial artery visualization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Virtual imaging"

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Wang, Lulu. "Virtual imaging system." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/668.

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The main purpose of this research project was to implement a combination of computer graphics and processing to generate displays that will aid in the visualization of the colour rendering properties of a range of light sources, including the new generation of high-output LEDs (light emitting diodes) that are becoming widely adopted in general lighting service. The CIE (International Commission on Illumination) has developed a colour appearance model CIECAM02 for use in colour imaging and colour management, and this model is utilized in this work. This thesis describes the design and construction of a computer-based model that can be used as a research tool for the simulation and demonstration of the colour rendering properties of various artificial light sources. It is a comprehensive study of the colour models and measurement procedures currently in use in the lighting industry, as recommended by the CIE. This research project focused on the display of a set of surface colour patches as if they were illuminated by a specific light source, and the simultaneous display of two such sets to demonstrate the surface colour differences arising from the use of the two different light sources. A VIS (virtual imaging system) has been developed to display the colour properties of a series of test colour samples under different light sources. This thesis describes the computer models developed for the representation and display of surface colours in general, and colour rendering in particular. The designed system computes and displays the colour of each sample from a knowledge of the light-source spectrum and the spectral reflectance of each surface. It can simultaneously display the colours resulting from illumination by two different sources. In addition, the system computes the colour appearance differences for two sets of colours using the CIECAM02 colour appearance model. Subjective and objective tests were taken to validate the computed results. The VIS has been designed and implemented. It also has been tested by 21 observers and we believe that it will be a powerful research tool for the lighting industry, especially in relation to colour rendering.
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Rose, John Frederick William. "Visually adaptive virtual acoustic imaging." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399992.

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Gledhill, Duke. "3D panoramic imaging for virtual environment construction." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2009. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/6981/.

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The project is concerned with the development of algorithms for the creation of photo-realistic 3D virtual environments, overcoming problems in mosaicing, colour and lighting changes, correspondence search speed and correspondence errors due to lack of surface texture. A number of related new algorithms have been investigated for image stitching, content based colour correction and efficient 3D surface reconstruction. All of the investigations were undertaken by using multiple views from normal digital cameras, web cameras and a ”one-shot” panoramic system. In the process of 3D reconstruction a new interest points based mosaicing method, a new interest points based colour correction method, a new hybrid feature and area based correspondence constraint and a new structured light based 3D reconstruction method have been investigated. The major contributions and results can be summarised as follows: • A new interest point based image stitching method has been proposed and investigated. The robustness of interest points has been tested and evaluated. Interest points have been proved robust to changes in lighting, viewpoint, rotation and scale. • A new interest point based method for colour correction has been proposed and investigated. The results of linear and linear plus affine colour transforms have proved more accurate than traditional diagonal transforms in accurately matching colours in panoramic images. • A new structured light based method for correspondence point based 3D reconstruction has been proposed and investigated. The method has been proved to increase the accuracy of the correspondence search for areas with low texture. Correspondence speed has also been increased with a new hybrid feature and area based correspondence search constraint. • Based on the investigation, a software framework has been developed for image based 3D virtual environment construction. The GUI includes abilities for importing images, colour correction, mosaicing, 3D surface reconstruction, texture recovery and visualisation. • 11 research papers have been published.
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Ren, Jinsong. "Software tools for integral imaging virtual studios." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406029.

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Papadopoulos, Timoleon. "Inverse filtering for virtual acoustic imaging systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/157421/.

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The research topic of this thesis is the use of inverse filtering for the design and implementation of two-channel virtual acoustic imaging systems that utilise loudspeakers. The basic objective of such systems is to invert the electroacoustic plant between the input to the loudspeakers and the output at the listener’s ears and hence make it possible for a pair of binaural signals to be locally reproduced at the position of the listener’s ears. As a starting point for the research presented, a previously introduced type of inverse filtering design is considered in which the inverse is implemented with FIR filters. The basic formulation of this design is described and a number of innovative points regarding its implementation are made. An experimental procedure is then formulated for the evaluation of the effectiveness of this inverse filtering design that is based on objective measurements of the inversion process. Unlike previously employed methods that are based on computer simulations or subjective experiments, the introduced experimental procedure is shown to be very efficient in isolating and exactly quantifying the effect on the accuracy of the inversion of a number of errors and approximations typically present in the implementation. A detailed evaluation is thus presented of the inverse filtering design at hand in realistic conditions of implementation. Subsequently, a novel method for the off-line implementation of the inverse filtering is presented that utilises recursive filters of lower order. In this method, the responses of the inverse filters are decomposed into two parts, one realisable in forward time and one in backward time. The effectiveness of this new method for the implementation of the inverse is tested and compared with a small selection of the objective evaluation results described above. Finally, an algorithm for the on-line implementation of the forward-backward inverse filtering is proposed and its computational cost is compared with the currently available frequency-domain block-processing filtering algorithms.
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Mannerheim, P. V. H. "Visually adaptive virtual sound imaging using loudspeakers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/157423/.

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Advances in computer technology and low cost cameras open up new possibilities for three dimensional (3D) sound reproduction. The problem is to update the audio signal processing scheme for a moving listener, so that the listener perceives only the intended virtual sound image. The performance of the audio signal processing scheme is limited by the condition number of the associated inversion problem. The condition number as a function of frequency for different listener positions and rotation is examined using an analytical model. The resulting size of the "operational area" with listener head tracking is illustrated for different geometries of loudspeaker configurations together with related cross-over design techniques. An objective evaluation of cross-talk cancellation effectiveness is presented for different filter lengths and for asymmetric and symmetric listener positions. The benefit of using an adaptive system compared to a static system is also illustrated. The measurement of arguably the most comprehensive KEMAR database of head related transfer functions yet available is presented. A complete database of head related transfer functions measured without the pinna is also presented. This was performed to provide a starting point for future modelling of pinna responses. The update of the audio signal processing scheme is initiated by a visual tracking system that performs head tracking without the need for the listener to wear any sensors. The solution to the problem of updating the filters without any audible change is solved by using either a very fine mesh for the inverse filters or by using commutation techniques. The filter update techniques are evaluated with subjective experiments and have proven to be e®ective both in an anechoic chamber and in a listening room, which supports the implementation of virtual sound imaging systems under realistic conditions. The design and implementation of a visually adaptive virtual sound imaging system is carried out. The system is evaluated with respect to filter update rates and cross-talk cancellation effectiveness.
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Schuette, Kathrin. "The role of virtual imaging in building conservation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/13076.

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Conservation is the process of managing changes to significant historic buildings and places. This research explores key conservation concepts, identifying internationally agreed conservation principles and their relationship to the developing role of computer-based visualisation in the conservation process. An emphasis is placed upon documentation that plays an important part in conservation and has begun to recognise virtual imaging as a tool for recording, analysing, interpreting and presenting the cultural heritage. This research focuses in particular upon virtual imaging from the perspective of a building conservator. It addresses both the purpose and possibilities of virtual imaging, which are useful in terms of the act of conservation and more specifically regarding documentation, which itself informs and records the work of a conservator. How can virtual imaging support the practice of the building conservation, with particular reference to documentation including recording and interpretation has been explored through considering the stages of the conservation process. To enable this examination a table has been created to address the question "Where, when and for what purpose an image is supportive in conservation" in relation to the conservation process. This has been informed by the Spinal Steps recommended by E.C.C.O. (The European Confederation of Conservator-Restorer's Organisation). In addition, to better understanding the potential of this emerging technology different examples of virtual imaging and their uses have been assessed to help identify the benefits for imaging in VIII building conservation. To further investigate the impact of virtual imaging as a conservator's tool two case studies have been systematically examined to confirm its benefits and which stage of a conservation project they are of optimum use. The overall outcome is that virtual imaging is of particular use to the conservator, and enhances the conservation process and management plan, particularly in terms of documentation and recording historic buildings.
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GHISLANZONI, L. T. HUANCA. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL DENTAL IMAGING THROUGH VIRTUAL STUDY MODELS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217618.

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This thesis was conceived as a paper series analyzing the topic of three-dimensional dental imaging through virtual study models. The aim of the thesis was to explore some of the new possibilities of use of three-dimensional virtual study models as a modern diagnostic and research tool. At the time of writing the thesis chapter 2 to 5 have been adapted as papers and submitted to orthodontic journals for approval. An abstract of each paper is presented here after, while in chapters 2 to 5 the details of each study are described. In chapter 6 general conclusions are presented, while in chapter 7 references for all the papers are reported.
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Tickhill, Justin D. "The virtual pig head digital imaging in cephalic anatomy /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187634238.

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Takeuchi, Takashi. "Systems for virtual acoustic imaging using the binaural principle." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249594.

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Books on the topic "Virtual imaging"

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Ren, Jinsong. Software tools for integral imaging virtual studios. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2004.

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1953-, Buthiau Didier, and Khayat David, eds. Virtual endoscopy. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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Huo, Yuankai, Bryan A. Millis, Yuyin Zhou, Xiangxue Wang, Adam P. Harrison, and Ziyue Xu, eds. Medical Optical Imaging and Virtual Microscopy Image Analysis. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16961-8.

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M, Galdino Gregory, ed. Virtual colonoscopy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.

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Robert, Vergnieux, and Delevoie Caroline, eds. Virtual retrospect 2005. Bordeaux: Ausonius, 2006.

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Virtual retrospect 2009. Pessac: Ausonius, 2010.

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Virtual wilderness: The nature photographer's guide to computer imaging. New York: Amphoto Books, 1998.

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Yoshida, Hiroyuki, and Wenli Cai, eds. Virtual Colonoscopy and Abdominal Imaging. Computational Challenges and Clinical Opportunities. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25719-3.

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360 [reproduction of degree] imaging: The photographer's panoramic virtual reality manual. Crans-Près-Céligny: RotoVision, 2003.

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Matthias, Harders, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Virtual Reality in Medicine. London: Springer London, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Virtual imaging"

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Buthiau, D., P. Godeau, and D. Khayat. "Real Endoscopy by Imaging." In Virtual Endoscopy, 189–92. Paris: Springer Paris, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0203-9_7.

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Mitamura, Shunsuke. "Virtual—Real Imaging." In Katachi ∪ Symmetry, 271–78. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68407-7_30.

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Cai, Yang, Iryna Pavlyshak, Li Ye, Ryan Magargle, and James Hoburg. "Virtual Human Imaging." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 439–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01970-8_43.

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Kim, Jung Hoon. "Stomach Duodenum Virtual Gastrography." In Abdominal Imaging, 345–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13327-5_14.

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Mangira, Dileep, Stephanie Wong, Prateek Sharma, and Rajvinder Singh. "Virtual Chromoendoscopy." In Endoscopic Imaging Techniques and Tools, 49–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30053-5_4.

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de Vries, Ayso H., Rogier E. van Gelder, and Jaap Stoker. "3D Imaging: Invaluable for the Correct Diagnosis?" In Virtual Colonoscopy, 117–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30904-7_10.

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de Vries, Ayso H., and Jaap Stoker. "3D Imaging: Invaluable for the Correct Diagnosis?" In Virtual Colonoscopy, 139–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79886-6_11.

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Sylvester, David, and Steven M. Sullivan. "Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP)." In Craniofacial 3D Imaging, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00722-5_12.

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Bruzzi, John, and Helen Fenlon. "Virtual Colonography." In Radiology and Imaging of the Colon, 61–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18834-3_6.

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Chang, Chein-I. "Estimation for Virtual Dimensionality of Hyperspecyral Imagery." In Hyperspectral Imaging, 319–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9170-6_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Virtual imaging"

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Harreld, Michael R., Daniel J. Valentino, Gary R. Duckwiler, Robert B. Lufkin, and Walter J. Karplus. "Virtual reality in radiology: virtual intervention." In Medical Imaging 1995, edited by Yongmin Kim. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.207632.

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Tong, Yubing, Jayaram K. Udupa, Dewey Odhner, Peirui Bai, and Drew A. Torigian. "Virtual landmarks." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Robert J. Webster and Baowei Fei. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2254855.

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Clark, Dru, and Michael J. Bailey. "Virtual-virtual haptic feedback and why it wasn't enough." In Electronic Imaging 2002, edited by Robert F. Erbacher, Philip C. Chen, Matti Groehn, Jonathan C. Roberts, and Craig M. Wittenbrink. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.458798.

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Rogowitz, Bernice E., and Paul Borrel. "Virtual hand: a 3D tactile interface to virtual environments." In Electronic Imaging 2008, edited by Bernice E. Rogowitz and Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.784154.

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Jacobus, Charles J., Heidi N. Jacobus, Brian T. Mitchell, A. J. Riggs, and Mark J. Taylor. "Virtual toolbox." In Applied Imaging Pattern Recognition, edited by Jane Harmon. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.142791.

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Hanna, Philip M., Brian D. Rigling, and Edmund G. Zelnio. "Virtual confocal microscopy." In Electronic Imaging 2006, edited by Brian D. Corner, Peng Li, and Matthew Tocheri. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.650778.

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Hunt, Gordon W., Paul F. Hemler, and David J. Vining. "Automated virtual colonoscopy." In Medical Imaging 1997, edited by Yongmin Kim. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.273933.

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Bolas, Mark T., Steve T. Bryson, and Ian E. McDowall. "Virtual model displays." In Electronic Imaging '97, edited by Scott S. Fisher, John O. Merritt, and Mark T. Bolas. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.274484.

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Costantini, Roberto, and Sabine Susstrunk. "Virtual sensor design." In Electronic Imaging 2004, edited by Morley M. Blouke, Nitin Sampat, and Ricardo J. Motta. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.525704.

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Mori, Kensaku, Yuichiro Hayashi, Keisuke Ohta, Takayuki Kitasaka, Yasuhito Suenaga, Junichiro Toriwaki, and Makoto Hashizume. "Virtual pneumoperitoneum for generating virtual laparoscopic images based on shape deformation." In Medical Imaging 2004, edited by Amir A. Amini and Armando Manduca. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.536697.

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Reports on the topic "Virtual imaging"

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Martin, Kathi, Nick Jushchyshyn, and Claire King. James Galanos, Silk Chiffon Afternoon Dress c. Fall 1976. Drexel Digital Museum, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/q3g5-n257.

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The URL links to a website page in the Drexel Digital Museum (DDM) fashion image archive containing a 3D interactive panorama of an evening suit by American fashion designer James Galanos with related text. This afternoon dress is from Galanos' Fall 1976 collection. It is made from pale pink silk chiffon and finished with hand stitching on the hems and edges of this dress, The dress was gifted to Drexel University as part of The James G. Galanos Archive at Drexel University in 2016. After it was imaged the gown was deemed too fragile to exhibit. By imaging it using high resolution GigaPan technology we are able to create an archival quality digital record of the dress and exhibit it virtually at life size in 3D panorama. The panorama is an HTML5 formatted version of an ultra-high resolution ObjectVR created from stitched tiles captured with GigaPan technology. It is representative the ongoing research of the DDM, an international, interdisciplinary group of researchers focused on production, conservation and dissemination of new media for exhibition of historic fashion.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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3

Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.

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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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