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Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual Crack Closure Technique'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Shimizu, Katsuya, and Hiroshi Suemasu. "155 Interfacial crack and virtual crack closure technique." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2001.14 (2001): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2001.14.109.

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2

Krueger, Ronald. "Virtual crack closure technique: History, approach, and applications." Applied Mechanics Reviews 57, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 109–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1595677.

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An overview of the virtual crack closure technique is presented. The approach used is discussed, the history summarized, and insight into its applications provided. Equations for two-dimensional quadrilateral finite elements with linear and quadratic shape functions are given. Formulas for applying the technique in conjunction with three-dimensional solid elements as well as plate/shell elements are also provided. Necessary modifications for the use of the method with geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis and corrections required for elements at the crack tip with different lengths and widths are discussed. The problems associated with cracks or delaminations propagating between different materials are mentioned briefly, as well as a strategy to minimize these problems. Due to an increased interest in using a fracture mechanics–based approach to assess the damage tolerance of composite structures in the design phase and during certification, the engineering problems selected as examples and given as references focus on the application of the technique to components made of composite materials.
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3

Zhang, Heng, and Pizhong Qiao. "Virtual crack closure technique in peridynamic theory." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 372 (December 2020): 113318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.113318.

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4

Wang, Dong Xu, and Liang Wu. "Virtual Crack Closure Technique in the Analysis of Concrete Arch Dam Cracks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 1466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1466.

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In this paper, a 3-dimension finite element with dummy nodes for calculating and outputting the stress energy release (SERR) at the crack tip was built up based on virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), it is presented to demonstrate the virtual crack closure technique has high accuracy and good feasibility. The calculation results curve and the analytical solution curve are in good agreement. The results show that the proposed interface elements can be used to calculate to get accurate results by finite element analysis. It can give us some new ideas for Hydraulic structure crack research.
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5

Liu, Yan-Ping, Guo-Qing Li, and Chuan-Yao Chen. "Crack growth simulation for arbitrarily shaped cracks based on the virtual crack closure technique." International Journal of Fracture 185, no. 1-2 (November 1, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-012-9790-3.

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6

KUMAR, A., S. GOPALAKRISHNAN, and A. CHAKRABORTY. "MODIFIED VIRTUAL CRACK-CLOSURE TECHNIQUE USING SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD." International Journal of Computational Methods 04, no. 01 (March 2007): 109–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876207001047.

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This paper presents a general Chebyshev Spectral Element Method (CSEM) for obtaining strain-energy release rates for crack growth in two-dimensional isotropic materials. The procedure uses virtual crack-closure method. This method is developed for different orders of CSEM and suitable expressions for energy release rates are obtained. These expressions are evaluated by applying them to two Mode-I and two Mixed-mode problems. Two different classes of spectral elements (SEs) are formulated using Chebyshev interpolating functions, the inconsistent conventional SE formulation and the field consistent SE formulation. The convergence is investigated using both the formulations. A relative study on the efficiency of the CSEM with increasing order of polynomials is clearly brought out. The effect of crack-tip element size is also studied. It is observed that field consistent formulation always gives better results compared to inconsistent formulation. Comparisons with results from the literature for these problems show the efficiency of the CSEM.
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7

Liu, Wen Lin, Da Zhao Yu, and Zhong Hu Jia. "Comparative Analysis of Crack Growth Characteristics Based on Virtual Crack Closure Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.59.

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The strain energy rate and the stress intensity factors in different crack growth stage were analyzed by virtual crack closure technique. The user subroutine is complied using Abaqus finite element software. The finite element model of crack growth was established by the Paris formula, then the fatigue crack growth process is simulated, the crack growth life is predicted. The method could be a powerful tool for engineers to study the fracture and fatigue problems in engineering structures.
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8

Daricik, Fatih. "Mesh size sensitivity analysis for interlaminar fracture of the fiber-reinforced laminated composites." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019883460.

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The virtual crack closure technique is a well-known finite element–based numerical method used to simulate fractures and it suits well to both of two-dimensional and three-dimensional interlaminar fracture analysis. In particular, strain energy release rate during a three-dimensional interlaminar fracture of laminated composite materials can successfully be computed using the virtual crack closure technique. However, the element size of a numerical model is an important concern for the success of the computation. The virtual crack closure technique analysis with a finer mesh converges the numerical results to experimental ones although such a model may need excessive modeling and computing times. Since, the finer element size through a crack path causes oscillation of the stresses at the free ends of the model, the plies in the delaminated zone may overlap. To eliminate this problem, the element size for the virtual crack closure technique should be adjusted to ascertain converged yet not oscillating results with an admissible processing time. In this study, mesh size sensitivity of the virtual crack closure technique is widely investigated for mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture analyses of laminated composite material models by considering experimental force and displacement responses of the specimens. Optimum sizes of the finite elements are determined in terms of the force, the displacement, and the strain energy release rate distribution along the width of the model.
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9

Chang, Xue Ping, Jun Liu, and Shi Rong Li. "EFG Virtual Crack Closure Technique for the Determination of Stress Intensity Factor." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3752.

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The aim of this paper is to introduce a virtual crack closure technique based on EFG method for thread-shape crack. The cracked component is discretized and the displacement field is determined using a coupled FE/EFG method, by which EFG nodes are arranged in the vicinity of crack tip and FE elements in the remain part in order to improve computational efficiency. Two typical parameters, nodal force and crack opening displacement attached to crack tip are calculated by means of setting up an auxiliary FE zone around crack tip. Strain energy release rate (SERR), further stress intensity factor (SIF) are determined by the two parameters. The method to calculate SIF is named as virtual crack closure technique based on EFG method. It is showed by several numerical examples that using the method presented in this paper, SIF on the crack tip can be obtained accurately.
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10

Palani, G. S., B. Dattaguru, and Nagesh R. Iyer. "Numerically integrated modified virtual crack closure integral technique for 2-D crack problems." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 18, no. 6 (December 25, 2004): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2004.18.6.731.

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11

Banks-Sills, Leslie, and Elad Farkash. "A note on the Virtual Crack Closure Technique for a bimaterial interface crack." International Journal of Fracture 201, no. 2 (May 17, 2016): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-016-0120-z.

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12

Farkash, Elad, and Leslie Banks-Sills. "Virtual crack closure technique for an interface crack between two transversely isotropic materials." International Journal of Fracture 205, no. 2 (February 14, 2017): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-017-0190-6.

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13

Xie, De, and Sherrill B. Biggers. "Progressive crack growth analysis using interface element based on the virtual crack closure technique." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 42, no. 11 (July 2006): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2006.03.007.

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14

Zhang, Weiya, Wenchun Jiang, Yue Yu, Fan Zhou, Yun Luo, and Ming Song. "Fatigue crack simulation of the 316L brazed joint using the virtual crack closure technique." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 173 (June 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.04.018.

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15

Agrawal, A., and A. M. Karlsson. "Obtaining mode mixity for a bimaterial interface crack using the virtual crack closure technique." International Journal of Fracture 141, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-006-0069-4.

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16

Chang, Yoon-Suk, Jae-Boong Choi, Young-Jin Kim, and Genki Yagawa. "Numerical calculation of energy release rates by virtual crack closure technique." KSME International Journal 18, no. 11 (November 2004): 1996–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02990442.

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17

Leski, Andrzej. "Implementation of the virtual crack closure technique in engineering FE calculations." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 43, no. 3 (January 2007): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2006.10.004.

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18

Valvo, Paolo S. "A further step towards a physically consistent virtual crack closure technique." International Journal of Fracture 192, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0007-4.

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19

Shaari, Mohd Shamil, Sylvia Urai, Akiyuki Takahashi, and Mohd Akramin Mohd Romlay. "Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Coalesced Cracks Using the Global-Local Superimposed Technique." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 62 (September 22, 2022): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.62.11.

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The S-version Finite Element Method (FEM) is known as a global-local superimposed approach that consists of two separate meshes referred to as global and local cracks. The relationship between the energy release rate and the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) is evaluated to characterize the growth behavior of the fatigue cracks. The SIF is determined using the Virtual Crack Closure Method (VCCM). The cracks propagated in the direction of the loading before coalescing into a single crack. Each crack begins with a length of 10mm and a depth of 3mm. After the crack coalesces, the diameter of the surface crack before it breaks is 28mm, whereas the depth of the crack is 5.3mm. The V-shaped surface crack forms quickly after coalescence occurs and continues to propagate into a massive semi-elliptical surface crack before finally breaking. The result was validated and compared between S-version FEM and the analytical solution. The behavior of the fatigue crack growth shows a good agreement between both methods with small errors. The result indicates that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values before coalescing are 0.1496 with 0.6, and after coalescing is 0.4, the RMSE value is 0.1665. Therefore, it can be stated that the S-version FEM approach can predict the growth of fatigue cracks.
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20

Jin, Qiao, Ze Yu Sun, and Wan Nan Guo. "Experimental and Finite Element Study on the Fatigue Growth of a Semi-Elliptical Surface Crack in a X80 Pipeline Steel Specimen." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 3026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.3026.

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In this paper, a fatigue test of a X80 pipeline steel specimen with a semi-elliptical defect was performed to study the fatigue propagation stages of the Surface cracks. Based on the obtained test data, a three dimentional finite element procedure was developed for the crack growth estimation of the surface crack in the specimen. In the numerical analysis of crack growth, both the crack depth direction and the surface direction were investigated by using two different evolution equations. The stress intensity factors along the crack front were determined by applying the virtual crack closure technique. The predictions of crack growth were compared with the test data.
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21

Zhou, Li Ming, Guang Wei Meng, Feng Li, and Hui Wang. "Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method-Virtual Crack Closure Technique for a Piezoelectric Material of Crack." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/371083.

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In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of solving fracture parameters of piezoelectric materials, a piezoelectric element, tailored for the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), was used to study piezoelectric materials containing a crack. Recently, the cell-based smoothed finite element method (CSFEM) and VCCT have been used to simulate the fracture mechanics of piezoelectric materials. A center cracked piezoelectric materials with different material properties, crack length, mesh, and smoothing subcells at various strain energy release rates are discussed and compared with finite element method-virtual crack closure technique (FEM-VCCT). Numerical examples show that CSFEM-VCCT gives an improved simulation compared to FEM-VCCT, which generally simulates materials as too stiff with lower accuracy and efficiency. Due to its simplicity, the VCCT piezoelectric element demonstrated in this study could be a potential tool for engineers to practice piezoelectric fracture analysis. CSFEM-VCCT is an efficient numerical method for fracture analysis of piezoelectric materials.
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22

Kong, Guang Ming, Xu Dong Li, and Zhi Tao Mu. "Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation of 6151-T6 Aluminum Alloy Based on Virtual Crack Closure Technique." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.31.

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Using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), an interface element that can calculate stress intensity factors (SIFs) directly and simulate the crack propagation conveniently has been developed. Based on an accelerated corrosion experiment, the fatigue crack propagation behavior of the 6151-T6 aluminum alloys under different corrosion years and stress levels were simulated, and it was proved to be convenient to calculate strain energy release rate and SIFs of AA 6151-T6 under different stress levels and corrosion years. The proposed method is characterized by higher accuracy and less calculation elements, provides a new way for engineering fracture analysis of the structure.
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23

Zhou, Li Ming, Guang Wei Meng, Xiao Lin Li, and Feng Li. "Analysis of Dynamic Fracture Parameters in Functionally Graded Material Plates with Cracks by Graded Finite Element Method and Virtual Crack Closure Technique." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8085107.

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Based on the finite element software ABAQUS and graded element method, we developed a dummy node fracture element, wrote the user subroutines UMAT and UEL, and solved the energy release rate component of functionally graded material (FGM) plates with cracks. An interface element tailored for the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was applied. Fixed cracks and moving cracks under dynamic loads were simulated. The results were compared to other VCCT-based analyses. With the implementation of a crack speed function within the element, it can be easily expanded to the cases of varying crack velocities, without convergence difficulty for all cases. Neither singular element nor collapsed element was required. Therefore, due to its simplicity, the VCCT interface element is a potential tool for engineers to conduct dynamic fracture analysis in conjunction with commercial finite element analysis codes.
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24

Valvo, Paolo S. "A physically consistent virtual crack closure technique accounting for contact and interpenetration." Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020): 2350–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.11.083.

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25

Valvo, Paolo S. "A revised virtual crack closure technique for physically consistent fracture mode partitioning." International Journal of Fracture 173, no. 1 (December 13, 2011): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-011-9658-y.

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26

Ma, Yu E., Bao Qi Liu, and Zhen Qiang Zhao. "Damage Tolerance Properties of 2198-T8 Integral Fuselage Panel between Double Friction Stir Weld Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.651.

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Al-Li alloy 2198-T8 was used in the fuselage application. Integral fuselage panels were joined by double friction stir welds. Fatigue tests were conducted in the R=0.1. Notch was made between two welds. Residual stresses were measured and analyzed in the test samples with double welds. Cracks grew from the centre of two welds and across the two welds were observed, and crack growth rates were measured and compared with parent material. It is shown that crack growth rates are lower between double welds, and it is close to parent material after cross the two welds. The virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) method was used to calculate stress intensity factor from residual stress (Kres) in aim to explain the experimental findings.
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27

Zhong, Zhi Peng, Shui Wan, and Lin Yun Zhou. "A new Interface Element Method on Computation of the Interface Crack Propagation Energy Release Rate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4573.

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A new interface element method was proposed to calculate the strain energy release rates(SERR) based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). A Lagrange multiplier was introduced between the node pair at crack tip to obtain the internal forces. Then from the VCCT, the SERR was solved by using the forces and displacements near the crack tip. Examples for stationary cracks under the two typical cases are given. Meanwhile, the relationship curves between crack energy release rate and the length of crack, plate depths were plotted respectively.The example shows that the interface element used to calculate the SERR is simple, efficient, and highly accurate in analysis of 2D crack growth problems, and without requiring the special singularity element or collapsed element at crack tip.
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28

LI, Yulong; ;., Vasiliy N. DOBRYANSKIY, and Alexander A. OREKHOV. "MODELLING OF CRACK DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES IN COMPOSITE ELEMENTS BASED ON VIRTUAL CRACK CLOSURE TECHNIQUE AND COHESIVE ZONE MODEL." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 35 (July 20, 2020): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.50_li_pgs_591_599.pdf.

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Fiber composites based on polymer matrices are promising structural materials that meet high requirements for strength, reliability, durability, and hardness. Therefore, composite materials are widely used as structural materials for aerospace products. The problems associated with the destruction of fiber composites were relevant at all stages of technology development. A variety of reinforcing fibers and polymer binders, as well as reinforcement schemes, allow directional control of strength, stiffness, level of working temperatures and other properties of polymer composite materials. This article discusses a methodology for experimental determination of the mechanical properties of carbon-based fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials, including the determination of the interlayer fracture toughness under loading under separation conditions using the doublecantilever beam method (DCB) and the fracture toughness under transverse shear conditions using the ENF (End-Notched Flexure) method and interlayer strength. The test results of samples of polymer composite materials with a carbon reinforcing filler with different surface densities are presented. The experimental data were used to identify the parameters of the VCCT (Virtual Crack Closure Technique) and CZM (Cohesive Zone Model) closure models used to describe the development of cracks in the composites under consideration. It was found that the parameters determining the strength of layered composites are such characteristics as interlayer strength and crack resistance. It was found that the decrease in the strength of individual layers of the composite does not always affect the current stress state of the entire structure, which is often difficult to detect experimentally, but can significantly affect the further behavior of the object under study provided that the crack develops further.
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29

Cui, Wei, Zhongmin Xiao, Jie Yang, Mi Tian, Qiang Zhang, and Ziming Feng. "Multi-Crack Dynamic Interaction Effect on Oil and Gas Pipeline Weld Joints Based on VCCT." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082812.

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In pipelines for transporting oil and gas, multiple cracks often exist in weld joints. The interaction among the cracks should be considered as it directly affects the life span of the pipeline structures. In the current investigation, based on the fluid–solid magnetic coupling model, the virtual crack-closure technique (VCCT) is applied to systematically study the multi-crack dynamic interaction effect on pipeline welds during the crack propagation process. The results show that the existence of an auxiliary crack accelerates the main crack’s propagation. When the auxiliary crack is nearer to the main crack tip, the enhancement effect of the auxiliary crack on the main crack increases. Further, when the initial length of the auxiliary crack increases, the main crack becomes easier to propagate. Two important parameters, the distance between the two interacting crack tips and the initial size of the auxiliary crack, are studied in detail. Their interference effect on the main crack has been quantified, which is very user-friendly for engineers to conduct failure assessment and prevention for oil and gas pipes with multiple cracks at weld joints.
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30

Qian, Qin, and De Xie. "Analysis of mixed-mode dynamic crack propagation by interface element based on virtual crack closure technique." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 74, no. 5 (March 2007): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.05.025.

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31

Woo, Kwang S., and Jae S. Ahn. "Implementation of Virtual Crack Closure Technique for Damaged Composite Plates Using Higher-Order Layerwise Model." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/684065.

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A higher-order layerwise model is proposed to determine stress intensity factors using virtual crack closure technique for single-edge-crack aluminum plates with patch repairs. The present method is based onp-convergent approach and adopts the concept of subparametric elements. In assumed displacement fields, strain-displacement relations and three-dimensional constitutive equations of layers are obtained by combination of two- and one-dimensional shape functions. Thus, it allows independent implementation ofp-refinement for in-plane and transversal displacements. In the proposed elements, the integrals of Legendre polynomials and Gauss-Lobatto technique are employed to interpolate displacement fields and to implement numerical quadrature, respectively. For verification of the present model, not only single-edge-crack plates but also V-notch aluminum plates are first analyzed. For patched aluminum plate with behavior of complexity, the accuracy and simplicity of the present model are shown with comparison of the results with previously published papers using the conventional three-dimensional finite elements based onh-refinement.
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32

Heo, Sung Pil, Won Ho Yang, and Cheol Kim. "Stress intensity factors for elliptical arc through cracks in mechanical joints by virtual crack closure technique." KSME International Journal 16, no. 2 (February 2002): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03185169.

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33

Krscanski, Sanjin, and Josip Brnic. "Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Specimens under Constant Amplitude Loading Using Virtual Crack Closure and Forman Model." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070977.

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This paper considers the applicability of virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) for calculation of stress intensity factor range for crack propagation in standard metal specimen geometries with sharp through thickness cracks. To determine crack propagation rate and fatigue lifetime of a dynamically loaded metallic specimen, in addition to VCCT, standard Forman model was used. Values of stress intensity factor (SIF) ranges ΔK for various crack lengths were calculated by VCCT and used in conjunction with material parameters available from several research papers. VCCT was chosen as a method of choice for the calculation of stress intensity factor of a crack as it is simple and relatively straightforward to implement. It is relatively easy for implementation on top of any finite element (FE) code and it does not require the use of any special finite elements. It is usually utilized for fracture analysis of brittle materials when plastic dissipation is negligible, i.e., plastic dissipation belongs to small-scale yielding due to low load on a structural element. Obtained results showed that the application of VCCT yields good results. Results for crack propagation rate and total lifetime for three test cases were compared to available experimental data and showed satisfactory correlation.
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34

Fawaz, S. A. "Application of the virtual crack closure technique to calculate stress intensity factors for through cracks with an elliptical crack front." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 59, no. 3 (February 1998): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(97)00126-4.

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35

Okada, Hiroshi, S. Endoh, and Masanori Kikuchi. "On Fracture Analysis Using an Element Overlay Technique." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.681.

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In this paper, a simple but highly accurate analytical method to evaluate stress intensity factors based on an element overlay technique is presented. When a crack exists in a structure, we need to analyze its global deformation as well as local deformation field around the tip of the crack. This naturally leads us to a consideration on some kind of multi-scale analysis strategies. Thus, we adopt the element overlay technique (S-FEM) which is a kind of multi-scale methodologies. In this paper, we present i) numerical implementation of element overlay technique (S-FEM), ii) method to calculate stress intensity factors (virtual crack closure-integral method, VCCM), iii)accuracies of evaluated stress intensity factors and iv) some discussions.
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36

Tarsi, S. A. Mousavi, and M. Afshin. "Delamination Propagation and Crack Growth Analysis of Composite Beams Using a Layer Wised Virtual Crack Closure Technique." Mechanics of Solids 57, no. 6 (December 2022): 1561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0025654422060280.

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37

Cheng, Chen, Shui Wan, and Zhen Wen Jang. "Application of Virtual Crack Close Technique in the Static Crack Growth Based on Strain Energy Release Rate Criterion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3002.

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A method to simulate the crack growth, according to the strain energy release rate criterion, with the virtual crack close technique, is studied. The virtual crack close technique is used to calculate the strain energy release rate. To achieve the virtual crack close technique, in the FEA software of ANSYS, COMBIN14 spring elements are adopted to set up the finite element model. Then this method to simulate the crack growth is validated by three crack growth problems. This method is a useful and accurate numerical simulation method.
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38

Lau, John H., and S. W. Ricky Lee. "Temperature-Dependent Popcorning Analysis of Plastic Ball Grid Array Package During Solder Reflow With Fracture Mechanics Method." Journal of Electronic Packaging 122, no. 1 (August 31, 1999): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483129.

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The popcorning effect of plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages is analyzed using the method of fracture mechanics. The following three specific problems are studied: (1) crack initiation in the die attach of the package, (2) crack growth in the die attach, and (3) crack growth at the interface between the solder mask and copper. Two different methods (crack tip opening displacement and virtual crack closure technique) are used to determine the crack-tip parameters such as the strain energy release rate, stress intensity factors, and phase angle for different crack lengths and temperatures. [S1043-7398(00)00401-1]
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39

Matli, Subramanyam Reddy, and Leslie Banks-Sills. "Extension of the virtual crack closure technique to cracked homogeneous bodies undergoing large deformations." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 119 (June 2022): 103293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103293.

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40

Souto, Carlos D. S., Sérgio M. O. Tavares, José A. F. O. Correia, and Abílio M. P. De Jesus. "Numerical determination of stress intensity factors: J-integral and modified virtual crack closure technique." Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.10.019.

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41

Xi, Liang, Xiu Li Zhao, Chong Wei Shang, Guang Ming Kong, and Xu Liu. "Fatigue Crack Propagation Life Prediction of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy Based on VCCT." Advanced Materials Research 1081 (December 2014): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.196.

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The fatigue crack propagation behavior of the prior corrosion 2A12 aluminum alloy fastener involving a central hole was investigated. The virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), is straightforward and not sensitive to the FEA mesh size, was carried out to calculate strain energy release rate and SIFs of AA 2A12 under different stress levels and corrosion years. Based on the VCCT, the simulation carried out to analyze the corrosion fatigue crack growth behavior. It was proved to be convenient to simulate the crack propagation life and the predicted crack growth curve was in good agreement with the experimental results.
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42

Shang, Hongbin, Zhiyuan Lin, Hongli Gao, Xiaofeng Shan, and Jingsong Zhan. "Research on the Evolution Law Physical Short Fatigue Crack and Tip Deformation Fields during Crack Closure Process of the Q&P Steel." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 5769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165769.

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In this paper, a novel dual microscopic fatigue-crack and tip-deformation-fields measurement method based on a hybrid image-processing technique is proposed that was used to research the physical short fatigue crack (SFC) closure effect and the evolution law of the tip deformation fields of Quenching–Partitioning (Q&P) steel during the crack-closure process. The measurement problems are solved, such as the small SFC tip region, large deformation gradient, and strong material anisotropy. Microscopic crack and speckle images are acquired simultaneously on both sides of a compact tensile (CT) specimen of Q&P steel by dual microscopic cameras. A digital image processing (DIP) method is used to identify crack-growth morphology and measure crack length in Q&P steel, and the SFC growth rates are analyzed under different stress ratios. Microscopic digital image correlation (Micro-DIC) is used to analyze displacement fields at the crack tip of SFC and, combined with virtual extensometer technology, analyze the evolution law of crack closure and the evolution of crack-growing morphologies during the closure process under different lengths and stress ratios. Accordingly, the evolution of strain fields at the crack tip in one load cycle for different crack lengths and stress ratios during the SFC closure process is analyzed. The results show that the stress ratio affects the crack-closure behavior and crack growth rate of Q&P steel in the physical SFC crack-growing stage. The crack-closure effect has an obvious influence on the evolution process of displacement and strain fields at the crack tip. The evolution of short-fatigue-crack-tip morphology and strain field of Q&P steel conforms to the crack-closure law. The research results provide experimental and theoretical support for the further study of the SFC growth mechanism and fatigue life prediction of Q&P steel.
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43

Samshuri, S. F., R. Daud, M. A. Rojan, F. Mat, K. S. Basaruddin, and R. Hassan. "Energy release rate analysis on the interface cracks of enamel-cement-bracket fracture using virtual crack closure technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 908 (October 2017): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/908/1/012016.

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44

Fan, Chengye, P. Y. Ben Jar, and J. J. Roger Cheng. "An Energy-Based FEM Technique for Analysing Delamination Development in Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP)." Advanced Composites Letters 14, no. 5 (September 2005): 096369350501400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350501400503.

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This paper presents a technique that uses finite element method (FEM) to analyse energy release rate ( G) for delamination growth in fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP). Using end-notched-flexure specimen as an example, G values obtained from the technique show excellent agreement with those from compliance derivative or virtual crack closure techniques that have been widely accepted for this purpose. The new technique has the advantage on its simplicity for the G calculation and provides potentials for the prediction of a complex delamination growth pattern that often exists in large FRP structures when subjected to complex loading.
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45

Busari, Yusuf O., Yupiter H. P. Manurung, Martin Leitner, Yusuf L. Shuaib-Babata, Muhd F. Mat, Hassan K. Ibrahim, David Simunek, and Mohd Shahar Sulaiman. "Numerical Evaluation of Fatigue Crack Growth of Structural Steels Using Energy Release Rate with VCCT." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052641.

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This research presents the numerical evaluation of fatigue crack growth of structural steels S355 and S960 based on Paris’ law parameters (C and m) that are experimentally determined with a single edge notched tension (SENT) specimen using optical and crack gauge measurements on an electromotive resonance machine at constant amplitude load. The sustainable technique is replacing destructive, time-consuming and expensive approaches in structural integrity. The crack propagation is modelled using the 3D finite element method (FEM) with adaptive remeshing of tetrahedral elements along with the crack initiator elements provided in simulation software for crack propagation based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The stress intensity is computed based on the evaluation of energy release rates according to Irwin’s crack closure integral with applied cyclic load of 62.5 MPa, 100 MPa and 150 MPa and stress ratios of R = 0 and 0.1. In order to achieve optimized mesh size towards load cycle and computational time, mesh and re-mesh sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results indicate that the virtual crack closure technique VCCT-based 3D FEM shows acceptable agreement compared to the experimental investigation with the percentage error up to 7.9% for S355 and 12.8% for S960 structural steel.
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46

Sun, Yang, and Mabao Liu. "Analysis of the crack penetration/deflection at the interfaces in the intelligent coating system utilizing virtual crack closure technique." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 133 (January 2015): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.11.010.

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47

Zhou, Hong Liang. "Implementation of Crack Problem of Functionally Graded Materials with ABAQUSTM." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.297.

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An implementation method of the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) for fracture problems of non-homogeneous materials such as functionally graded materials (FGMs) with commercial finite element software ABAQUSTMis introduced in this paper. In order to avoid the complex post proceeding to extract fracture parameters, the interface crack element based on the VCCT is developed. The heterogeneity of FGMs is characterized though user subroutine UMAT and the interface crack element is implemented by user subroutine UEL. Several examples are analyzed to demonstrate the accuracy of the present method.
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48

Shivakumar, K. N., P. W. Tan, and J. C. Newman. "A virtual crack-closure technique for calculating stress intensity factors for cracked three dimensional bodies." International Journal of Fracture 36, no. 3 (March 1988): R43—R50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00035103.

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49

Valvo, Paolo S. "A Physically Consistent Virtual Crack Closure Technique for I/II/III Mixed-mode Fracture Problems." Procedia Materials Science 3 (2014): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.06.319.

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50

Sun, Liang, Dejun Ma, Lizhi Wang, Xinzheng Shi, Jialiang Wang, and Wei Chen. "Determining indentation fracture toughness of ceramics by finite element method using virtual crack closure technique." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 197 (June 2018): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.05.001.

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