Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual Building Model'
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Nagao, Katashi, Menglong Yang, and Yusuke Miyakawa. "Building-Scale Virtual Reality." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2019010101.
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A method is presented that extends the real world into all buildings. This building-scale virtual reality (VR) method differs from augmented reality (AR) in that it uses automatically generated 3D point cloud maps of building interiors. It treats an entire indoor area a pose tracking area by using data collected using an RGB-D camera mounted on a VR headset and using deep learning to build a model from the data. It modifies the VR space in accordance with its intended usage by using segmentation and replacement of the 3D point clouds. This is difficult to do with AR but is essential if VR is to be used for actual real-world applications, such as disaster simulation including simulation of fires and flooding in buildings. 3D pose tracking in the building-scale VR is more accurate than conventional RGB-D simultaneous localization and mapping.
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Barab, Sasha A., Kenneth E. Hay, Michael Barnett, and Thomas Keating. "Virtual solar system project: Building understanding through model building." Journal of Research in Science Teaching 37, no. 7 (2000): 719–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2736(200009)37:7<719::aid-tea6>3.0.co;2-v.
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Salleh, Syahiirah, Uznir Ujang, and Suhaibah Azri. "Virtual 3D Campus for Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060356.
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University campuses consists of many buildings within a large area managed by a single organization. Like 3D city modeling, a 3D model of campuses can be utilized to provide a better foundation for planning, navigation and management of buildings. This study approaches 3D modeling of the UTM campus by utilizing data from aerial photos and site observations. The 3D models of buildings were drawn from building footprints in SketchUp and converted to CityGML using FME software. The CityGML models were imported into a geodatabase using 3DCityDB and visualized in Cesium. The resulting 3D model of buildings was in CityGML format level of detail 2, consisting of ground, wall and roof surfaces. The 3D models were positioned with real-world coordinates using the geolocation function in SketchUp. The non-spatial attributes of the 3D models were also stored in a database managed by PostgreSQL. While the methodology demonstrated in this study was found to be able to create LoD2 building models. However, issues of accuracy arose in terms of building details and positioning. Therefore, higher accuracy data, such as point cloud data, should produce higher LoD models and accurate positioning.
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Murphy, M., A. Chenaux, G. Keenaghan, V. GIbson, J. Butler, and C. Pybusr. "ARMAGH OBSERVATORY – HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING FOR VIRTUAL LEARNING IN BUILDING CONSERVATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 21, 2017): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-531-2017.
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In this paper the recording and design for a Virtual Reality Immersive Model of Armagh Observatory is presented, which will replicate the historic buildings and landscape with distant meridian markers and position of its principal historic instruments within a model of the night sky showing the position of bright stars. The virtual reality model can be used for educational purposes allowing the instruments within the historic building model to be manipulated within 3D space to demonstrate how the position measurements of stars were made in the 18th century. A description is given of current student and researchers activities concerning on-site recording and surveying and the virtual modelling of the buildings and landscape. This is followed by a design for a Virtual Reality Immersive Model of Armagh Observatory use game engine and virtual learning platforms and concepts.
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He, Fan. "Restoration Design of Chu Architecture: Zhanghua Tower Based on VR Technology." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 19, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1310462.
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The restoration design of Chinese traditional ancient buildings by VR technology can help to form a new media of ancient building culture and promote the process of digital protection in buildings. Studying the restoration design of Chinese traditional ancient buildings under VR technology can effectively protect the ancient building culture. This paper analyzes the unique design style of Chu architecture and integrates it into VR architecture restoration design. By taking the Zhanghua tower, a representative building in Chu, as an example, this paper expounds on the realization process of restoration design of ancient buildings in Chu. In addition, through 3 ds max and Unity3D platform, the plane shape description, virtual model construction, virtual model optimization, and virtual scene construction are completed, and the virtual space experience of Chu architecture is realized by using Virtools software.
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Bruno, Silvana, Albina Scioti, Alessandra Pierucci, Rocco Rubino, Tommaso Di Noia, and Fabio Fatiguso. "VERBUM – virtual enhanced reality for building modelling (virtual technical tour in digital twins for building conservation)." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 27 (January 5, 2022): 20–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2022.002.
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The digital transformation of the construction sector is also involving cultural and architectural heritage conservation management to solve criticalities of information exchange in refurbishment/restoration, from the preliminary steps until the execution and monitoring of interventions. Nevertheless, time and resources required to complete digital models (point clouds, 3D meshes and HBIM model) are extensive and this can cause interruption of knowledge communication among professionals. The VERBuM project (Virtual Enhanced Reality For Building Modelling) aims at investigating how a central Virtual Technical Tour (VTT), would guarantee a continuous stream of information when other disruptive technologies are integrated in the process and their related products are linked to the VTT. The use of a VTT, based on 360° photos, may fill time and resources gaps as it is a rapid up-to-date and high-fidelityto-reality tool. The fostering of the paradigmatic change in refurbishment/restoration process requires the development of all-in-one digital environments for digital twinning of cultural and architectural heritage and its assessment, aware of potentialities and criticalities to be overcame. The research moves from stakeholders’ information requirements to implement the VERBuM process supported by the central VTT, editable via cloud-based platform (VERBuM product) to exchange digital contents, uploaded in different file format, but consulted in VR by all the involved actors via web services, without any software product installation. The tool has been evaluated via SWOT analysis supported by Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model and users’ perceptions. The results provide mitigation measures of threats related to distrust in use of VTT within working groups and fruition of point clouds, meshes and BIM models, possible via WebGL-based libraries.
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Ying, Fan, and Zhou Bo. "Building Virtual Scene Construction and Environmental Impact Analysis Based on Image Processing." Scientific Programming 2021 (December 7, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9979862.
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With the rapid development of computer technology, the virtual scene construction technology of image processing has gradually become a hotspot in computer research. The application of virtual scene construction technology in the construction industry is also expanding, with the intelligentization of architectural design and construction. With the rapid development of the industry, virtual technology can better provide users with diversified services and experiences. The main content of the article is as follows: (1) The article introduces image construction technology and analyzes the three-dimensional presentation of virtual technology in construction design and the diversified application of virtual technology in construction design. (2) The article introduces two virtual scene construction techniques: one is to combine the real scene obtained by taking pictures with the virtual scene by image technology processing to construct a natural virtual scene; the other is the use of geometric construction by architects. The virtual building model is drawn by the model method, and the virtual building model is thus obtained. (3) The article chooses two representative buildings as cases. The virtual platform monitors and records the movement trajectory of volunteers in the virtual environment in real time. The experimental results show that the number and shape characteristics of the escalators in the building all have a little impact on volunteers’ awareness. (4) The article sets up three control groups of normal mode, fixed skin, and variable skin. It analyzes the environmental impact of buildings from three different aspects of wind environment, thermal environment, and light environment and proposes related control measures.
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Liu, Hong Wei. "A Virtual Model for Civil Building Electric Control Based on Matlab Controller." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 2361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.2361.
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The purpose of this study is correct and effective model predictive control (MPC), in reduce energy demand and cost of buildings in power network and use pricing -- a demand and charges. A virtual model, for a single floor, the article commercial buildings equipped with variable air volume (VAV) based on Energyplus cooling system. Real-time data between the realization of the switch Energyplus and Matlab into building control virtual test bed (BCVTB) as a middleware. System identification technology is to realize get zone temperature and the power function model, which is used in the MPC framework. With economic target, target function is formulated as a linear programming problem and solves the problem. In the rush hour pre-cooling effect and independent cooling unloaded from building thermal mass in supply and demand can be observed during a consecutive weekly simulation. The MPC brings the cost comparison, the control strategy and other are preprogrammed baseline.
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Li, Weihong. "3D Virtual Modeling Realizations of Building Construction Scenes via Deep Learning Technique." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6286420.
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The architectural drawings of traditional building constructions generally require some design knowledge of the architectural plan to be understood. With the continuous development of the construction industry, the use of three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of buildings is quickly increased. Using three-dimensional models can give people a more convenient and intuitive understanding of the model of the building, and it is necessary for the painter to manually draw the 3D model. By analyzing the common design rules of architectural drawing, this project designed and realized a building three-dimensional reconstruction system that can automatically generate a stereogram (3 ds format) from a building plan (dxf format). The system extracts the building information in the dxf plan and generates a three-dimensional model (3 ds format) after identification and analysis. Three-dimensional reconstruction of architectural drawings is an important application of computer graphics in the field of architecture. The technology is based on computer vision and pattern recognition, supported by artificial intelligence, three-dimensional reconstruction, and other aspects of computer technology and engineering domain knowledge. It specializes in processing architectural engineering drawings with rich semantic information and various description forms to automatically carry out architectural drawing layouts. The high-level information with domain meanings such as the geometry and semantics/functions of graphics of the buildings can be analyzed for forming a complete and independent research system. As a new field of computer technology, the three-dimensional reconstruction drawings are appropriate for demonstrating the characteristics of architectural constructions.
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Höß, Bernadette, Michael Wasserman, and Sandra Fisher. "Building a Global Education Collaboration Model Using Experiential Learning: A Fresh Look at Developing Intercultural Competence." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 5, no. 1 (2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.51.3001.
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Adapting to global business and interpersonal differences is a challenge in both higher education and industry. International education generally seeks to improve student intercultural competence; that is, improving an individual’s ability to work with an international mix of colleagues, customers, and suppliers. Nevertheless, there are many examples where these educational efforts fail. This paper explores virtual team projects, where team members at partner schools in Germany and the U.S. worked together on a joint project, as a mechanism to enhance international education and development of intercultural competence. Using interview and qualitative survey data, we find that these virtual projects offer the opportunity to access different perceptions of problem statements, products and procedures, and apply unique resources and knowledge. We add to the literature by exploring both tools and processes to address improved virtual team collaboration through the lens of intercultural competence. Currently, there are many tools which allow cost-effective communication and document exchange (e.g. Slack, Google Drive, Skype) and facilitate virtual projects. We explore several challenges: the geographical distance (e.g. time zones) combined with cultural distance (e.g. different norms, values, and language) make it hard to establish an intensive, trusting work environment. As global networking increases, universities can better prepare students using cross-cultural project-based learning – a process – that involve university partnerships beyond reciprocal on-campus residencies. We offer a process model and four experiential project-based learning ideas designed to develop cultural competence and virtual team skills, and that address challenges such as differences in academic calendars, student work styles, time zones, and educational norms.
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Jain, Vaibhav, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "Implementation of Simulation-Based Virtual Sensors Using Radiance and Java." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.740.
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Building performance simulation is traditionally used to support the building design process. However, it can also be used during building operation phase by providing relevant data to building automation systems. We refer to monitoring and metering data generated by computational simulation (virtual) models as data from virtual sensors. Virtual sensors, if reliably and effectively incorporated, can expand the reach of real sensors. A continuous supply of virtual sensor data can support near real-time representation of both primary environmental variables (e.g., air temperature, relative humidity) as well as complex performance indicators (e.g., thermal comfort indices, visual glare). Such information, especially in large multi-zone buildings, would be otherwise expensive to obtain from real sensors due to high capital costs of the sensors, their installation, networking, and maintenance. Virtual sensors can increase the resolution of sensory information, as they imply little monetary expenditures and are not limited in view of numbers and location.Conventional building energy simulation uses a model of the building and creates boundary conditions using historic weather data and predefined schedules for lighting and equipment load. This method is suitable for evaluation of building designs but not suitable for monitoring and control processes during building operation phase, as such processes usually require actual real-time information regarding boundary conditions. Thus, capability to automatically update simulation model's boundary conditions in real-time using monitored data is required. Toward this end, a supervisory software application is developed, in Java programming language, to implement and illustrate the concept of virtual sensors using Radiance simulation program. This application creates virtual illuminance sensors in Radiance model and then automates the process of regularly updating simulation model's external and internal boundary conditions (solar irradiance, state of electrical lighting elements) by using real-time monitored data from on-site weather station and building management system (BMS). As a result, the simulation kernel can continuously generate virtual sensor readings that can be utilized by building monitoring and/or control systems. This paper discusses the general architecture of the application, to further illustrate the concept of virtual sensors. Moreover, it discusses the accuracy of virtual illuminance sensors by comparing their output with monitored illuminance data in realistic test scenarios.
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Li, Lin, XinQiao Duan, HaiHong Zhu, RenZhong Guo, and Shen Ying. "Semantic volume texture for virtual city building model visualisation." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 54 (November 2015): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.07.003.
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Xu, Yang, Dali Wang, Colleen M. Iversen, Anthony Walker, and Jeff Warren. "Building a Virtual Ecosystem Dynamic Model for Root Research." Environmental Modelling & Software 89 (March 2017): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.11.014.
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Ying, Shen, Chengpeng Li, Weiyang Li, Naibin Chen, and Zhigang Zhao. "Using Focus + Context Techniques to Visualize Building Information Model in virtual Geo-Environment." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-422-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Integration of BIM and GIS is conducive to urban planning, construction and management, and have explored by relevant researchs (Yeo et al., 2016; Gilbert et al.; Wang et al.). From the beginning, BIM researchers thought that GIS could represent the building environment partially, while GIS researchers considered that BIM could only provide a detail data model about the buildings as one of GIS data sources. With deepening the technique integration and broadening the applications, it become a trend to integrate BIM and GIS, and both semantics and geometry between them are feasible to interlink and interact (Zhu et al., 2019; Deng et al., 2016). In this case, the paper studies the visualization method and the visual effects of BIM model (with IFC format as input) in virtual geographic environment (VGE), in order to improve human interaction and cognitive ability of BIM model in VGE. Based on Focus + Context techniques (Correa et al., 2016; Bjork et al., 2000; Carpendale et al., 1996), current development focuses on the solutions to the following problems.</p><p>1) Focused BIM model in geographic environment.</p><p>During the visualization process, BIM model has serious occlusion problems in two level: group level and component (sub-group) level. The group level occlusion means BIM model as an integral object may be occluded by other buildings in VGE (Qu et al., 2016; Deng et al., 2016; Johansson et al., 2015), and at the component level, inner components inside the BIM model may be occluded by other outer components when we focus or select inner one (Motamedi et al., 2014). So, there are corresponding component-level and group-level focus + context visualization.</p><p>In VGE, buildings are important parts, but most of the time, the display of buildings are in the form of block or volume shapes. According to the definition of CityGML, buildings are usually represented by LOD1 or LOD2 objects. However, with the development of BIM technology, more and more requirements are needed to model the focus buildings. The corresponding building information and details are even more abundant than the LOD4 model in CityGML. When BIM model is imported into VGE as a significant rendering object, other buildings that are shown as blocks or volumes are often used as context, so BIM models will be the focus of VGE (Fig 1).</p><p>2) Visualization of the internal details of BIM model.</p><p>At the component-level focus + context visualization, conventional visualization software of BIM model use cutaway view, transparent view and explode view to visualize and obtain internal details of the BIM model, but they all have their own limitations.</p><p>When we explore BIM model by the cutaway view (Fig2.a), an invisible vertical “knife” is put in the scene and divides the BIM model into two sections. The building part on one side of the section is completely preserved, while the building part on the other side is hidden, which loses the description of the overall relationship and structure of the building. When we visualize the BIM model by transparent view (Fig2.b), the components are highlighted and be semi-transparent, but the superposition of the transparent components and the selected opaque components causes the visible confusion.While explode view (Fig2.c) to visualize BIM model is a novel method, but the current software just adjusts each components’ position without considering global viewing effects.</p><p>In the Focus + Context techniques, the corresponding focus visualization method achieves a deformation effect by enlarging, shrinking and shifting the position of focus object (Islam et al., 2007), thus to highlight the focus object and weaken the context. This paper proposes a two-layer Focus + Context visualization method to obtain the inner details of the focus components in BIM model (shown as Fig. 3). Moreover, the key of our researches is that considering the integration of the BIM model visualization in VGE, rather than in BIM model viewing software. In addition, the factors of geographic environment are discussed to improve the visualization effects. The two-layer and two-level (component-level and group-level) focus + context visualization (Section 1 and Section 2) should be combined together in VGE to achieve a progressive visualization from macro geographic environment to micro building element environment.</p><p>3) Visualization of spatial relationship in BIM model.</p><p>Spatial relationships are core elements in GIS. Current BIM models have seldom records and studies on spatial relationships but are necessary (Juszczyk et al., 2016). In geographic environment, it is vital to give the full play to the advantages of BIM models, especially its detail components, and to bound full cycle-life information. So building component-level spatial relationships among BIM models are constructed to integrate spatial analysis. The connectivity relationships among walls, doors and windows in Figure 4 are built as lines between walls to support the indoor navigation and wayfinding.</p>
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Foster, G. T., D. E. N. Wenn, W. S. Harwin, and F. O'Hart. "Generating Virtual Environments to Allow Increased Access to the Built Environment." International Journal of Virtual Reality 3, no. 4 (January 1, 1998): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.1998.3.4.2630.
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The problems encountered by individuals with disabilities when accessing large public buildings is described and a solution based on the generation of virtual models of the built environment is proposed. These models are superimposed on a control network infrastructure, currently utilised in intelligent building applications such as lighting, heating and access control. The use of control network architectures facilitates the creation of distributed models that closely mirror both the physical and control properties of the environment. The model of the environment is kept local to the installation which allows the virtual representation of a large building to be decomposed into an interconnecting series of smaller models. This paper describes two methods of interacting with the virtual model, firstly a two dimensional aural representation that can be used as the basis of a portable navigational device. Secondly an augmented reality called DAMOCLES that overlays additional information on a user's normal field of view. The provision of virtual environments offers new possibilities in the man-machine interface so that intuitive access to network based services and control functions can be given to a user.
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Ren, Sai Nan, Jian Hua Mao, Ling Ye, and Xue Feng Liu. "3D Building Modeling and Indoor Fire Event Representation in CityGML." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2631.
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3-dimensional (3D) city model is increasingly popular in urban planning and disaster management. City Geographic Markup Language (CityGML) is an open data model and XML-based format for the representation and exchange of virtual 3D city model. This paper analyzed the modeling mechanism of 3D CityGML building model in LOD4 (Level of Detail) and proposed a method representing a fire event in CityGML. Our method included three operations：1) editing of building’s hierarchy and attributes information; 2) representing of semantic information of buildings surfaces, roof height and interior furniture; 3) representing of fire event by a vivid icon. With our method, 3D building model and indoor fire event can be both represented in CityGML, which is important to analyses urban emergency events.
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Tutzauer, Patrick, Susanne Becker, and Norbert Haala. "Perceptual Rules for Building Enhancements in 3D Virtual Worlds." i-com 16, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2017-0022.
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AbstractWhile the generation of geometric 3D virtual models has become feasible to a great extent, the enrichment of the resulting urban building models with semantics remains an open research question in the field of geoinformation and geovisualisation. This additional information is not only valuable for applications like Building Information Modeling (BIM) but also offers possibilities to enhance the visual insight for humans when interacting with that kind of data. Depending on the application, presenting users the highest level of detail of building models is often neither the most informative nor feasible way. For example when using mobile apps, resources and display sizes are quite limited. A concrete use case is the imparting of building use types in urban scenes to users. Within our preliminary work, user studies helped to identify important features for the human ability to associate a building with its correct usage type. In this work we now embed this knowledge into building category-specific grammars to automatically modify the geometry of a building to align its visual appearance to its underlying use type. If the building category for a model is not known beforehand, we investigate its feature space and try to derive its use type from there. Within the context of this work, we developed a Virtual Reality (VR) framework that gives the user the possibility to switch between different building representation types while moving in the VR world, thus enabling us in the future to evaluate the potential and effect of the grammar-enhanced building model in an immersive environment.
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Malhotra, Mini, Piljae Im, and Joshua New. "A Process for Defining Prototype Building Models: Courthouse Case Study for U.S. Commercial Energy." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 4020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12204020.
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Buildings currently consume 36% of the world’s energy and contribute nearly 40% of CO2 emissions. Many countries desire to generate virtual models of their nation’s buildings in order to coordinate research activities and inform market opportunities for a more sustainable built environment. The United States Department of Energy uses a suite of Commercial Prototype Building Models, which currently includes 16 building types and covers 80% of US commercial floorspace. Efforts are underway to expand this suite by developing prototype models for additional building types. In this paper, we outline a systematic approach to defining the building, collecting relevant information and creating a flexible model while doing so in the pragmatic context of a courthouse building. Informed by building design guides, databases, documented projects and inputs from courthouse design experts, we define a small, 69,324 ft2 (6440 m2), four-courtroom, low-rise courthouse as the prototype to represent an average-size courthouse in the US. We present building characteristics relevant for energy model development and provide the rationale for their selection. These details combined with climate- and construction-vintage-specific requirements for the building envelope and systems from building standards will be used for developing the courthouse model for the Commercial Prototype Building Models suite. The comprehensive information presented will also guide model modification to capture the dynamics of smaller or larger courthouses more accurately for building or system size-specific research.
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Zeng, Xu Dong, and Wei Qiang Zhou. "Research into the Building Information Model during the Whole Building Life-Cycle." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3797.
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Construction project life-cycle management should be based on the visualization of a virtual building, through the establishment of a Building Information Model in the phase of architectural design as a life-cycle information carrier to realize complete information integration. This enables all phases and territories of the whole building life-cycle to achieve in-time information-sharing so as to overcome traditional territory management pattern. This also improves the running mode and information management during the phases of design, costing, construction and operation.
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Parulian, Dudi, and Sri Mardiyati. "Pemodelan Virtual Reality Studi Kasus Pengenalan Laboratorium Komputer Universitas Indraprasta." Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/informatika.v6i1.9673.
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Utilization of information technology can be applied in many fields, one of which is the field of education. One of the tools in the field of education is a building that supports teaching and learning activities. Buildings in educational activities have many forms and facilities, one of which is a computer laboratory building at Indraprasta University. The laboratory building for new students requires more complete information because it includes many facilities. Utilizing information technology in the form of virtual reality to describe the laboratory building helps new students get to know more about the facilities owned by the university. Introduction of virtual reality laboratories to new students with Virtual Reality. The object displayed is the model and layout of the Laboratory. By using Sketchup, Unity, and Android Studio with the Android platform. Researchers created a simple Virtual Reality application that is easy to use. This application displays Virtual Reality computer laboratory objects along with the laboratory information. This application can be used in several versions of Android smartphones such as 4.1.1 and above.
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Schrum, Stephen, and Elliot Sheedy. "Building a virtual reality model of Artaud’s theatre of cruelty." Metaverse Creativity 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2012): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/mvcr.2.2.205_1.
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Vico López, Lola. "Metodología y criterios para la reconstrucción virtual del Patrimonio Arquitectónico romano." Virtual Archaeology Review 2, no. 3 (April 15, 2011): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2011.4671.
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<p>This paper discusses virtual reconstructions of roman architectures from a constructive and technical point of view, and presents the results of a study about the contribution of architectural construction applied to virtual "restoration", that allowed reconstructive hypothesis realization using computer graphics for virtual reconstruction of the Villa of Livia. One of the key features regarding the methodology developed is the reliance on knowledge about ancient building techniques to underpin reconstruction hypotheses: as when designing a building, the preparation of a virtual model relies on architectural and engineering criteria, such as structural stability, functionality and correct use of building materials. In this regard, the virtual reconstruction of Roman buildings is eased by the existence of strong codes and principles that have ruled design and on which reconstruction hypotheses can be based. The paper introduces how the methodology is perfectly transparent and repeatable, guarantying a sound and objective final product.</p>
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He, Wei, Jia Li, Weizhe Zhao, and Yaqing Zhang. "Optimal scheduling method based on building virtual energy storage equivalent battery." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125203001.
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In this paper, an optimal scheduling method based on building virtual energy storage equivalent battery is proposed. Firstly, the thermal load prediction model is built based on the thermodynamic model, and then the equivalent battery model of virtual energy storage is established by combining with inverter air conditioning system model. Then, with the goal of minimizing the user’s electricity cost, considering the constraints of energy storage state and charging and discharging power of equivalent battery model, an optimal scheduling method of building virtual energy storage equivalent battery is constructed. The results show that the proposed method can predict the building thermal load, update the building virtual energy storage equivalent battery parameters, formulate the corresponding optimal scheduling strategy, and reduce the electricity cost of users for heating on the premise of ensuring the thermal comfort of users.
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Tian, Lei, Ping Ping Lu, Shu Yi Pang, Shuai Zhao, and Hsin Guan. "Development of Virtual Test Desk for Dynamic Wheel Model." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.51.
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Vehicle dynamic model is composed of several subsystems. Once problems appearing during model debugging, it is difficult to know which subsystem they belong to. Therefore, it is important to validate each subsystem model before building the whole vehicle model. More complex subsystem model should be built to meet the need of higher accuracy of vehicle model, so whether the subsystem models achieve their design goals also needs to be confirmed. To deal with the problems above, it is needed to build the virtual test desk to validate subsystem model separately. This paper develops a virtual test desk for the wheel model, which has big influence on the vehicle model. A dynamic wheel model of a B-class car is built, and then, it is validated by the virtual test desk. The results of the test not only illustrate the correctness of the wheel model, but also demonstrate that the test method can validate the subsystem model effectively before building the vehicle dynamic model.
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Su, Ying Ying, Di Liang, and Hai Dong. "GSPN-Based Modeling of Virtual Teams Building in Collaborative Process Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1783.
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Virtual teams have been adopted by organizations to gain competitive advantages in this global economy. It was extremely important of modeling for virtual teams building in collaborative process planning. Based on the flow analysis of virtual teams building in collaborative process planning, the relationship of actual virtual teams building and the elements of GSPN were studied. Finally, the modeling method generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN) - based was proposed and the model can excellently describe the flow of virtual teams building in collaborative process planning.
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Murphy, M., A. Corns, J. Cahill, K. Eliashvili, A. Chenau, C. Pybus, R. Shaw, G. Devlin, A. Deevy, and L. Truong-Hong. "DEVELOPING HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN IRELAND." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 21, 2017): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-539-2017.
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Cultural heritage researchers have recently begun applying Building Information Modelling (BIM) to historic buildings. The model is comprised of intelligent objects with semantic attributes which represent the elements of a building structure and are organised within a 3D virtual environment. Case studies in Ireland are used to test and develop the suitable systems for (a) data capture/digital surveying/processing (b) developing library of architectural components and (c) mapping these architectural components onto the laser scan or digital survey to relate the intelligent virtual representation of a historic structure (HBIM). While BIM platforms have the potential to create a virtual and intelligent representation of a building, its full exploitation and use is restricted to narrow set of expert users with access to costly hardware, software and skills. The testing of open BIM approaches in particular IFCs and the use of game engine platforms is a fundamental component for developing much wider dissemination. The semantically enriched model can be transferred into a WEB based game engine platform.
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Chen, Man Qing, Hui Qian, and Geng Yun Zhang. "The Method Based on the Reuse in Virtual Scene Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2974.
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In this paper，it is analyzed the problem in building the complex virtual scene modeling. A model reuse method is proposed to construct the complex model. And to use the model reuse method achieves to build a complex building in a virtual scene.
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Yoon, Sungmin, Youngwoong Choi, Jabeom Koo, Yejin Hong, Ryunhee Kim, and Joowook Kim. "Virtual Sensors for Estimating District Heating Energy Consumption under Sensor Absences in a Residential Building." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226013.
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District heating (DH) is an energy efficient building heating system that entails low primary energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. The estimation of the required heating load provides information for operators to control district heating systems (DHSs) efficiently. It also yields historical datasets for intelligent management applications. Based on the existing virtual sensor capabilities to estimate physical variables, performance, etc., and to detect the anomaly detection in building energy systems, this paper proposes a virtual sensor-based method for the estimation of DH energy consumption in a residential building. Practical issues, including sensor absences and limited datasets corresponding to actual buildings, were also analyzed to improve the applicability of virtual sensors in a building. According to certain virtual sensor development processes, model-driven, data-driven, and grey-box virtual sensors were developed and compared in a case study. The grey-box virtual sensor surpassed the capabilities of the other virtual sensors, particularly for operation patterns corresponding to low heating, which were different from those in the training dataset; notably, a 16% improvement was observed in the accuracy exhibited by the grey-box virtual sensor, as compared to that of the data-driven virtual sensor. The former sensor accounted for a significantly wider DHS operation range by overcoming training data dependency when estimating the actual DH energy consumption. Finally, the proposed virtual sensors can be applied for continuous commissioning, monitoring, and fault detection in the building, since they are developed based on the DH variables at the demand side.
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Lu, Chuan. "Algorithm of 3D Virtual Reconstruction of Ancient Buildings in Qing Dynasty Based on Image Sequence." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (December 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8388480.
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Aiming at the problem of low accuracy and poor integrity of traditional Qing Dynasty ancient architecture 3D virtual reconstruction algorithm, a 3D virtual reconstruction algorithm of Qing Dynasty ancient architecture based on image sequence is proposed. Acquire the sequence images of ancient buildings in the Qing Dynasty through the pinhole camera model, analyze the projective space and reconstruction space of the sequence images, redefine the similarity measurement coefficient according to the improved 2DPCA-SIFT feature matching algorithm, match the feature points of the ancient architecture images in the Qing Dynasty, and use random sampling to be consistent. The algorithm solves the basic matrix, removes the interference error in the image reconstruction process, and realizes the design of the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm through image sequence fusion. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing methods, the completeness of the three-dimensional virtual reconstruction 3D model of ancient Qing Dynasty buildings constructed by the designed algorithm is 87.26% on average, and the completeness and accuracy of the 3D model construction of the subparts of the ancient Qing Dynasty buildings of this method are better. The height of the building fully shows that the designed building has good performance in the construction of the three-dimensional model of ancient buildings in the Qing Dynasty.
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Chenaux, A., M. Murphy, G. Keenaghan, J. Jenkins, E. McGovern, and S. Pavia. "Combining a Virtual Learning Tool and Onsite Study Visits of Four Conservation Sites in Europe." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.21.
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The design and evaluation of virtual learning environments for construction and surveying students is presented in this paper; by combining virtual learning environment and on-site student surveys to model and replicate practice in the architectural heritage sector. The Virtual Learning Environment is enhanced with real live survey projects whereby students collect the data to build virtual historic buildings from onsite surveys using advanced survey equipment. The survey data is modelled in HBIM; Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is currently being developed as a virtual learning tool for construction and surveying students in the Dublin Institute of Technology. HBIM, is a novel solution whereby interactive parametric objects representing architectural elements are constructed from historic data, these elements, including detail behind the scan surface are accurately mapped onto a laser or image based survey. The architectural elements are scripted using a Geometric Descriptive Language GDL. In the case of this project a Virtual Learning Environment is being developed which combines advanced recording and surveying with Building Information Modelling (BIM) to simulate and analyse existing buildings.
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Goupil, V., V. Gouranton, A. S. Michaud, J. Y. Gauvrit, and B. Arnaldi. "A BIM-based model to study wayfinding signage using virtual reality." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 9 (November 1, 2022): 092028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/9/092028.
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Abstract Wayfinding signage is essential in a large building to find one’s way. Unfortunately, there are no methodologies and standards for designing signage. A good sign system therefore depends on the experience of the signage company. Getting lost in public infrastructures might be disorienting or cause anxiety. Designing an efficient signage system is challenging as the building needs to communicate a lot of information in a minimum of space. In this paper, we propose a model to study wayfinding signage based on BIM models and the BIM open library, which allows the integration of signage design into a BIM model to perform analyses and comparisons. The study of signage is based on the user’s perception, and virtual reality is a tool that best approximates this today. Our model helps to perform signage analysis in building design and to compare objectively the wayfinding signage in a BIM model using virtual reality.
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Lorusso, Paola, Melissa De Iuliis, Sebastiano Marasco, Marco Domaneschi, Gian Paolo Cimellaro, and Valentina Villa. "Fire Emergency Evacuation from a School Building Using an Evolutionary Virtual Reality Platform." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020223.
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In the last few years, modern technologies such as numerical simulations, virtual and augmented reality, and agent-based models represented effective tools to study phenomena, which may not be experimentally reproduced due to costs, inherent hazards, or other constraints (e.g., fire or earthquake emergencies and evacuation from buildings). This paper shows how to integrate a virtual reality platform with numerical simulation tools to reproduce an evolutionary fire emergency scenario. It is computed in real time based on the building information model and a fluid dynamic software. A specific software was also used to simulate in real time the crowd dynamic in the virtual environment during the emergency evacuation process. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, the emergency fire evacuation process for an existing school building is presented. The results show that the proposed virtual reality-based system can be employed for reproducing fire emergency scenarios. It can be used to help decision-makers to determine emergency plans and to help firefighters as a training tool to simulate emergency evacuation actions.
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Zhang, Mei. "Application of BIM Technology on Energy Efficiency Building Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.283.
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According to the current application situation and domestic energy of our current building energy efficiency design analysis software, in view of the current traditional energy-saving design method can't meet the need of practical problems, put forward the BIM (building information modeling) analysis technology and building energy consumption are combined, anew design method for energy saving building. Application of BIM technology to create virtual building model contains all the information architecture, the virtual building model into the building energy analysis software, identification, automatic conversion and analyzing a large number of construction data information includes in the model, which is convenient to get the building energy consumption analysis.
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Schwartz, Sara Laura, June L. Wiley, and Charles D. Kaplan. "Community Building in a Virtual Teaching Environment." Advances in Social Work 17, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/20875.
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In 2010, the University of Southern California School of Social Work launched its Virtual Academic Center (VAC) to deliver online MSW programming to students located around the country. USC’s platform is a significant innovation in offering online education and has transformed the traditional educational model for both students and faculty. This research explores the experiences of faculty teaching via the VAC. Twenty-five in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with USC faculty of different ranks. Inductive data collection using a grounded theory approach with thematic analysis examined experiences teaching in an online program, revealing the strengths and challenges associated with geographic diversity and community-building. Findings warrant the development of innovative practices to build community and to facilitate collaboration among geographically diverse faculty and students in a virtual education program.
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Cheng, Zhiping, Xiang Li, Zhongwen Li, Jikai Si, Shuai Xu, and Rui Nie. "Optimal Scheduling Strategy of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Microgrid Considering Virtual Energy Storage." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 6176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186176.
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Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) is one of the most efficient ways to utilize renewable energy in buildings. However, the stochastic characteristic of PV power generation and load challenges the optimal dispatch of the BIPV. This paper proposes an optimal scheduling strategy of BIPV microgrid considering virtual energy storage (VES), which intends to further improve the operating economy of a BIPV microgrid. Firstly, existing research findings and gaps in this research area were analyzed. Then, the mathematical model of each unit in the system was created, meanwhile, the air conditioner-based VES (ACVES) model and electric water heater-based VES (EWHVES) model are built by exploiting the heat/cold storage capability of building and the electric water heater, respectively. Next, the optimal scheduling model considering the VES is designed. Finally, the optimal scheduling model is solved by CPLEX to obtain the optimal scheduling strategy that reduces the operating cost of the system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can reduce the operating cost of the system. Furthermore, the VES shows the potential to replace the battery energy storage system.
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Ahmad Shazali, Ahmad Shahrunnizam, and Khairul Nizam Tahar. "Virtual 3D model of Canseleri building via close-range photogrammetry implementation." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-02-2018-0016.
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Purpose The current technique used to measure construction is the conventional total station method. However, the conventional method is time-consuming and could not be used to create a photo-realistic three-dimensional (3D) model of an object. Furthermore, the Canseleri building is located at a slope. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The aim of this study is to assess the geometric accuracy of a 3D model using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. There are two objectives in this study. The first is to construct a 3D model of the Canseleri building using UAV images. The second objective is to validate the 3D model of the Canseleri building based on actual measurements. Findings The close-range photogrammetry method, using the UAV platform, was able to produce a 3D building model. The results show that the errors between the actual measurement and the generated 3D model were less than 4 cm. The accuracy of the 3D model achieved in this study was about 0.015 m, compared to total station measurements. Originality/value Accuracy assessment was done by comparing the estimated measurement of the 3D model with the direct measurement. The differences between the measured values with actual values could be compared. Based on this study, the 3D building model gave a reliable accuracy for specific applications.
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Huang, Zuo Wei, Shu He, and Luo Qiu. "The Research on 3D Building Model Based on Point Cloud Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1864.
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In order to improve the efficiency of 3D buildings reconstruction, based on the previous related advance technology and theory, It put forward a novel method for detecting building contours in irregularly triangulated point cloud data, On the condition that image resolution and density of the point cloud scale it adopt a new registration method, improve the LIDAR point cloud data with registration accuracy on remote sensing images. which make building reconstruction from these data sources feasible and reliable. It is also meaningful for virtual reality, urban planning, and simulation of disaster scenarios etc. finally the experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain more accurate results in comparison with the previous method.
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Bonora, Anna, Kristian Fabbri, and Marco Pretelli. "Historic Indoor Microclimate, the role of HVAC in heritage buildings’ restoration: the case of the Palace of Venaria Reale." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012078.
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Abstract The paper is aimed to illustrate how the study of the indoor microclimate, supported by the virtual simulation and by the knowledge of the historical evolutions of the building (managerial, usage and architectonical changes over the years), represents a preventive practice which allows to evaluate and predict the interactions between the object and the environment. To do that the authors present a case-study: room 33 in the Palace of Venaria Reale, in Turin, Italy. We have reproduced a virtual building model which presents the same indoor and outdoor microclimatic conditions of the original building. Moreover, we evaluated an alternative scenario that simulates the indoor microclimate of room 33 considering the HVAC systems continuously off. The comparison between the two virtual buildings allowed to estimate the impact of the HVAC system on the preventive conservation of the historical building, of the artefacts and of the occupants’ thermal comfort. Those simulations clarified which indoor microclimatic conditions could be guaranteed by the building itself, after the restoration project of the whole Palace started in 2001.
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Bastos Porsani, Gabriela, Kattalin Del Valle de Lersundi, Ana Sánchez-Ostiz Gutiérrez, and Carlos Fernández Bandera. "Interoperability between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Building Energy Model (BEM)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052167.
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Building information modelling (BIM) is the first step towards the implementation of the industrial revolution 4.0, in which virtual reality and digital twins are key elements. At present, buildings are responsible for 40% of the energy consumption in Europe and, so, there is a growing interest in reducing their energy use. In this context, proper interoperability between BIM and building energy model (BEM) is paramount for integrating the digital world into the construction sector and, therefore, increasing competitiveness by saving costs. This paper evaluates whether there is an automated or semi-automated BIM to BEM workflow that could improve the building design process. For this purpose, a residential building and a warehouse are constructed using the same BIM authoring tool (Revit), where two open schemas were used: green building extensible markup language (gbXML) and industry foundation classes (IFC). These transfer files were imported into software compatible with the EnergyPlus engine—Design Builder, Open Studio, and CYPETHERM HE—in which simulations were performed. Our results showed that the energy models were built up to 7.50% smaller than in the BIM and with missing elements in their thermal envelope. Nevertheless, the materials were properly transferred to gbXML and IFC formats. Moreover, the simulation results revealed a huge difference in values between the models generated by the open schemas, in the range of 6 to 900 times. Overall, we conclude that there exists a semi-automated workflow from BIM to BEM which does not work well for big and complex buildings, as they present major problems when creating the energy model. Furthermore, most of the issues encountered in BEM were errors in the transfer of BIM data to gbXML and IFC files. Therefore, we emphasise the need to improve compatibility between BIM and model exchange formats by their developers, in order to promote BIM–BEM interoperability.
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Samah, Khyrina Airin Fariza Abu, Amir Haikal Abdul Halim, and Zaidah Ibrahim. "An Assessment Algorithm for Indoor Evacuation Model." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.1-2.933.
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The public buildings increased significantly with the economy's growth and the population's advancement. The complexity of the indoor layout and the involvement of many people cause the indoor evacuation wayfinding to the nearest exit to be more challenging during emergencies such as fire. In order to overcome the problem, each building is compulsory to follow the standard evacuation preparedness required by Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL). Researchers have also developed evacuation models to help evacuees evacuate safely during the evacuation from a building. However, building owners do not know which evacuation model is suitable for implementing the chosen high-rise building. Two problems were identified in choosing a suitable evacuation model during the decision-making process. First, many developed evacuation models focus on studying different features of evacuation behavior and evacuation time. Second, the validation and comparison of the evacuation model is the missing process before applying the suitable evacuation model. Both validation and comparison procedures were made independently without any standard assessment that encapsulates the critical incident features during the indoor evacuation and virtual spatial elements. Therefore, this research proposed an indoor evacuation assessment algorithm to solve the problem. The assessment algorithm refers to the elements developed in our previous study. We determined attributes, executed simulations, and evaluated the cluster performance using the developed framework. The outcome can help the building owners assess which suitable existing evacuation model is the best to implement at the chosen building.
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Ullah, A. M. M. Sharif, D. M. D’Addona, Khalifa H. Harib, and Than Lin. "Fractals and Additive Manufacturing." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 2 (March 4, 2016): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0222.
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Fractal geometry can create virtual models of complex shapes as CAD data, and from these additive manufacturing can directly create physical models. The virtual-model-building capacity of fractal geometry and the physical-model-building capacity of additive manufacturing can be integrated to deal with the design and manufacturing of complex shapes. This study deals with the manufacture of fractal shapes using commercially available additive manufacturing facilities and 3D CAD packages. Particular interest is paid to building physical models of an IFS-created fractal after remodeling it for manufacturing. This article introduces three remodeling methodologies based on binary-grid, convex/concave-hull, and line-model techniques. The measurements of the manufactured fractal shapes are also reported, and the degree of accuracy that can be achieved by the currently available technology is shown.
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MARDIN, Rifai, and Zhenjiang SHEN. "ON-FOOT EVACUATION MODEL USING VIRTUAL TESSELLATIONS NETWORK:." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 26, no. 62 (February 20, 2020): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.26.319.
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Alekhin, V. N., and Abdullah Hussein. "GIS AND BIM INTEGRATION IN BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION." Russian Journal of Construction Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/rjcst.2021.1.002.
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Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the most promising recent developments in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. With BIM technology, an accurate virtual model of a building is digitally constructed. This model, known as a building information model, can be used for planning, design, construction, and operation of the facility. Unfortunately, a lot of critical data gets lost in-between the different stages of the build process, from conceptualization to construction and maintenance. This is the result of converting and translating data between other software solutions and formats. This problem is preventable. By integrating GIS data into BIM models. This article will demonstrate how GIS and BIM can be applied to the construction workflow for buildings and infrastructure, and which benefits can provide this integration for improving the quality of the construction process.
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Jayaraj, P., and A. M. Ramiya. "3D CITYGML BUILDING MODELLING FROM LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-175-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With recent government initiatives for smart cities, 3D virtual city models are in demand for managing and monitoring the urban infrastructure. 3D building models forms an important component of 3D virtual city model. LiDAR remote sensing has revolutionized the way the third dimension can be precisely mapped and proved to be an important source of data for 3D models. The model thus generated should be in an open data format to be used across various applications. CityGML is an open data model framework that enables storage and exchange of 3D models which can be used for diversified applications. The main objective of this research is to develop a methodological workflow to create 3D building models in CityGML standard from airborne LiDAR point cloud. Initially building points were isolated from the airborne LiDAR data using point cloud processing algorithms. 3D building models with levels of detail (LoD1 and LoD2) were generated from the building points in CityGML standard using commercial (ArcGISPro) well as open source packages (3dfier, Citygml4j). Results prove that the models developed using open source packages are comparable to that provided by commercial packages.</p>
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Hübner, P., M. Weinmann, and S. Wursthorn. "MARKER-BASED LOCALIZATION OF THE MICROSOFT HOLOLENS IN BUILDING MODELS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1 (September 26, 2018): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-195-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Mobile augmented reality devices for indoor environments like the Microsoft HoloLens hold potential for the in-situ visualization of building model data. While the HoloLens has sufficient real-time inside-out tracking capacity to provide a spatially correct and stable visualization of virtual content relative to its surroundings, the placement of virtual objects normally has to be done actively by the user. Beyond reliable tracking capacity, augmenting an indoor environment with corresponding building model data requires a one-time localization of the AR platform inside the local coordinate frame of the building model to be visualized. To this aim, we present a simple marker-based localization method for the HoloLens that is sufficient to overlay indoor environments with virtual room-scale model data with a spatial accuracy of few centimeters. Furthermore, an evaluation method suitable for the proposed scenario is presented, that does not rely on the HoloLens “Live Capture” camera which turned out to produce deviant placements of virtual content in relation to the perception of the user wearing the HoloLens device.</p>
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Akanmu, Abiola, and Chimay J. Anumba. "Cyber-physical systems integration of building information models and the physical construction." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no. 5 (September 21, 2015): 516–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2014-0097.
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Purpose – In spite of the benefits of virtual models in the building and construction industry, the full potential of these models, especially in the construction and operation phases, remains largely unrealized. With the increasing developments in information and communication technology, a number of attempts have been made to extend the use of these models, through the development of integration approaches and technologies. However, the issue of integrating the virtual model and the physical construction such as to enable bi-directional coordination, has not been adequately addressed. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of a cyber-physical systems (CPS) approach in enhancing bi-directional coordination between virtual models and the physical construction. Design/methodology/approach – This research employs scenario development rapid prototyping to illustrate CPS integration in the construction industry, with a particular focus on facilitating bi-directional coordination. The proof-of-concept prototype systems developed were validated using a focus group consisting of industry practitioners. Findings – Bi-directional coordination between virtual models and the physical construction has the potential to improve real-time progress monitoring and control of the construction process, tracking of changes and model updates, information exchange between the design office and the job site, real-time documentation of the as-built status of high-value components and improved sustainability practices. Originality/value – This paper adds value to the construction industry by demonstrating the application of the CPS approach in enhancing bi-directional coordination between virtual models and the physical construction through the development of system architectures, scenarios and prototype systems.
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Amoruso, Fabrizio, Udo Dietrich, and Thorsten Schuetze. "Development of a Building Information Modeling-Parametric Workflow Based Renovation Strategy for an Exemplary Apartment Building in Seoul, Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124494.
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Apartments in South Korea have high maintenance costs and an average lifetime of 25 years due to poor construction qualities. The common apartment redevelopment strategy is completely demolishing the neighborhoods and then replacing them with new buildings. However, this research discusses the framework for the refurbishment of an existing building in Seoul using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and parametric tools. The virtual model of an exemplary existing building is constructed in a BIM environment. Parametric software is used to simulate the building’s environmental performance, in order to determine its energy demand for heating and cooling and the indoor comfort. In order to reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling, improve the indoor comfort, generate photovoltaic energy and extend the building’s lifetime, a modular building envelope renovation system is developed. Building simulation results of the improved building envelope are used to quantify the differences with the existing building. The research results illustrate significant improvements in energy performance, comfort and lifetime extension that can be achieved. Furthermore, a guideline for a streamlined building optimization process is provided, that can be transferred and used for the planning and optimization of other building renovation projects.
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Che, Defu, Zonghui Li, Yining Liu, Renqing Zhong, and Baodong Ma. "A New Method of Achieving Single Three-Dimensional Building Model Automatically Based on Oblique Photography Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5521933.
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Operating and managing single three-dimensional building model individually are critical in the application of oblique photography models. However, these models are usually complete and continuous, and the single three-dimensional building model in these models cannot be managed individually. Generally, achieving a single three-dimensional building model requires a human-computer interaction to determine the cutting range, but this process is time-consuming and inefficient. To overcome this problem, this study proposed a new method for automatically achieving single three-dimensional building model without the need for human-computer interaction. First, the point clouds of an oblique photography model are divided into virtual grids, and the point clouds in each virtual grid are seen as a whole. In this way, the number of point clouds involved in the calculation is reduced, thereby improving computing efficiency. Second, the point clouds of a building facade are extracted by setting the height difference. By comparing the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the grid with height difference threshold, all point clouds in the grid that do not meet the requirements are eliminated. Third, the point clouds of the building facade are classified, and the contour line is extracted by the classified point clouds. Finally, the single three-dimensional building model is achieved by reconstructing the triangles that intersect with the extracted contour line. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively achieve single bodies automatically from an oblique photography building model. This method is then useful for achieving single three-dimensional building model from massive oblique photography data.
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Jia, Mengda, and Ravi Srinivasan. "Building Performance Evaluation Using Coupled Simulation of EnergyPlus™ and an Occupant Behavior Model." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 4086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104086.
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Building energy simulation programs are used for optimal sizing of building systems to reduce excessive energy wastage. Such programs employ thermo-dynamic algorithms to estimate every aspect of the target building with a certain level of accuracy. Currently, almost all building simulation tools capture static features of a building including the envelope, geometry, and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, etc. However, building performance also relies on dynamic features such as occupants’ interactions with the building. Such interactions have not been fully implemented in building energy simulation tools, which potentially influences the comprehensiveness and accuracy of estimations. This paper discusses an information exchange mechanism via coupling of EnergyPlus™, a building energy simulation engine and PMFServ, an occupant behavior modeling tool, to alleviate this issue. The simulation process is conducted in Building Controls Virtual Testbed (BCVTB), a virtual simulation coupling tool that connects the two separate simulation engines on a time-step basis. This approach adds a critical dimension to the traditional building energy simulation programs to seamlessly integrate occupants’ interactions with building components to improve the modeling capability, thereby improving building performance evaluation. The results analysis of this paper reveals a need to consider metrics that measure different types of comfort for building occupants.
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Musumba, George Wamamu, and Patrick Kanyi Wamuyu. "Virtual Enterprise as a Multi Agent System." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 8, no. 1 (January 2016): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijats.2016010103.
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This article describes changing customer demands require that enterprises mobilize their resources to quickly develop a suitable product. This is achievable if competing enterprises collaborate to deliver the product. Each of them brings their expertise into the collaboration. This collaboration where each enterprise brings in its core competency is referred to as a virtual enterprise (VE). A construction project is implemented by a team of professionals and an alliance of companies that is formed by consultants who evaluate contractors for specific project tasks. Partners can be represented as multiple agents. Prior evidence of multi-agent system (MAS) model that facilitates formation of VEs is lacking. VE MAS ontology has been designed and used in agent interactions. The model can be used in evaluation and selection process of partners. Delegation of the process to the model, gives partners time to implement the tasks. Partner evaluation and selection problem for building construction projects is solvable if pragmatic scientific approaches are employed with appropriate mathematical models. This article proposed a VE model for evaluating and selecting right partners for building construction projects. The model was used to demonstrate the choice of the most preferred partner. Researchers have not evaluated this model but propose that once in place, it can evaluated against manual selection of potential partners using similar parameters by examining the closeness of the output.