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Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual autopsy'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Vadivel, JayanthKumar. "Virtual autopsy." International Journal of Forensic Odontology 1, no. 1 (2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2542-5013.185694.

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Davis, Gregory J. "Virtual autopsy." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 9, no. 3 (April 14, 2013): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-013-9438-2.

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Winskog, Carl. "Virtual autopsy." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 9, no. 3 (April 6, 2013): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-013-9441-7.

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Leth, Peter Mygind. "Virtual autopsy." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 9, no. 3 (April 25, 2013): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-013-9447-1.

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Rutty, Guy N., and Bruno Morgan. "Virtual autopsy." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 9, no. 3 (June 6, 2013): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-013-9450-6.

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Ruder, Thomas D., Patricia M. Flach, and Michael J. Thali. "Virtual autopsy." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 9, no. 3 (June 13, 2013): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-013-9454-2.

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Bolliger, Stephan A., Michael J. Thali, Emin Aghayev, Christian Jackowski, Peter Vock, Richard Dirnhofer, and Andreas Christe. "Postmortem Noninvasive Virtual Autopsy." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 28, no. 1 (March 2007): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000233538.91078.f6.

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Polacco, Matteo, Pasquale D’Alessio, Francesco Ausania, Bruno Zobel, Vincenzo Lorenzo Pascali, Ernesto d’Aloja, Massimo Miscusi, and Fabio De-Giorgio. "Virtual Autopsy in Hanging." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 34, no. 2 (June 2013): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/paf.0b013e318288c6d6.

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9

Becker, Gary J. "Virtues of virtual autopsy." Journal of the American College of Radiology 2, no. 4 (April 2005): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2004.12.017.

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10

Sonnemans, Lianne J. P., Bela Kubat, Mathias Prokop, and Willemijn M. Klein. "Can virtual autopsy with postmortem CT improve clinical diagnosis of cause of death? A retrospective observational cohort study in a Dutch tertiary referral centre." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e018834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018834.

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether virtual autopsy with postmortem CT (PMCT) improves clinical diagnosis of the immediate cause of death.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study. Inclusion criteria: inhospital and out-of-hospital deaths over the age of 1 year in whom virtual autopsy with PMCT and conventional autopsy were performed. Exclusion criteria: forensic cases, postmortal organ donors and cases with incomplete scanning procedures. Cadavers were examined by virtual autopsy with PMCT prior to conventional autopsy. The clinically determined cause of death was recorded before virtual autopsy and was then adjusted with the findings of virtual autopsy. Using conventional autopsy as reference standard, we investigated the increase in sensitivity for immediate cause of death, type of pathology and anatomical system involved before and after virtual autopsy.SettingTertiary referral centre.Participants86 cadavers that underwent conventional and virtual autopsy between July 2012 and June 2016.InterventionPMCT consisted of brain, cervical spine and chest–abdomen–pelvis imaging. Conventional autopsy consisted of thoracoabdominal examination with/without brain autopsy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncrease in sensitivity for the immediate cause of death, type of pathology (infection, haemorrhage, perfusion disorder, other or not assigned) and anatomical system (pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, other or not assigned) involved, before and after virtual autopsy.ResultsUsing PMCT, the sensitivity for immediate cause of death increased with 12% (95% CI 2% to 22%) from 53% (41% to 64%) to 64% (53% to 75%), with 18% (9% to 27%) from 65% (54% to 76%) to 83% (73% to 91%) for type of pathology and with 19% (9% to 30%) from 65% (54% to 76%) to 85% (75% to 92%) for anatomical system.ConclusionWhile unenhanced PMCT is an insufficient substitute for conventional autopsy, it can improve diagnosis of cause of death over clinical diagnosis alone and should therefore be considered whenever autopsy is not performed.
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O Sullivan, Shane, Andreas Holzinger, Kurt Zatloukal, Paulo Saldiva, Mohammed Imran Sajid, and Dominic Wichmann. "Machine Learning Enhanced Virtual Autopsy." Autopsy and Case Reports 7, no. 4 (2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/acr.2017.037.

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12

McKenna, Maryn. "Virtues of the Virtual Autopsy." Scientific American 307, no. 5 (October 16, 2012): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1112-30.

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Staicu, Adelina, Camelia Albu, Roxana Popa-Stanila, Cosmina Ioana Bondor, Ioana Cristina Rotar, Florin Stamatian, and Daniel Muresan. "Diagnostic value of virtual autopsy using pm-MRI at 3T on malformed second trimester fetuses vs classic autopsy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e0260357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260357.

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Objective To determine the diagnostic value of virtual autopsy using post mortem-MRI (pm-MRI) at 3Tesla (T) compared to classic autopsy for the confirmation of fetal structural anomalies and secondly to establish which cases of termination of pregnancy would benefit mostly from a virtual autopsy. Methods In each of 32 fetuses included in the study, 32 anatomical structures were assessed, after termination of pregnancy in the second trimester. All cases were evaluated by prenatal ultrasonography, virtual autopsy and classic autopsy, and then divided into four groups: Cerebral Group, Cardiac Group, Renal Group and Other Group (miscellaneous group). The concordance of virtual autopsy with classic autopsy was calculated overall and for each group and each structural item. Also, the concordance between the two methods was assessed using a diagnostic error score (DgE_score), calculated as the absolute value of the difference between the number of malformations detected by classic autopsy per case (CA score) and the number of malformations detected at virtual autopsy per case (VA score). Results Overall virtual autopsy demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity (Se) compared to classic autopsy of 67.33% [95% CI 57.28–76.33], with a specificity (Sp) of 98.37% [95% CI 97.33–99.09], a positive predictive value (PPV) of 81.93% [95% CI 71.95–89.52], a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.49% [95% CI 95.11–97.57] achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 95.31% [95% CI 93.83–96.52]. Overall, no statistic significant correlation was demonstrated between DgE_score and the gestational age of the fetuses or between DgE_score and the weight of the fetuses, but a significant correlation was revealed between the virtual autopsy and classic autopsy score. The diagnostic utility of virtual autopsy using pm-MRI at 3 T as compared to classic autopsy for each category of termination of pregnancy revealed in the Cerebral Group a Se of 80.00% [95% CI 28.36–99.49], with a 96.30% [95% CI 81.03–99.91], a PPV of 80.00% [95% CI 35.75–96.64] a NPV of 96.30% [95% CI 81.81–99.34], with a diagnostic accuracy of 93.75% [95% CI 79.19% to 99.23] and a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.76 [95% CI 0.4494–1.0765]; in the Renal Group a Se and Sp of 100%, but in the Cardiac Group the Se was only 60.00% [95% CI 26.24–87.84], Sp 75% [95% CI 34.91–96.81], the PPV 75.00% [95% CI 44.92–91.69], NPV 60% [95% CI 38.87–77.96], with a diagnostic accuracy of 66.67% [95% CI 40.99–86.66] and a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.32 [95% CI -0.07–0.76]. Conclusions The results support virtual autopsy using pm-MRI at 3T as a reliable alternative to classic autopsy for the non-forensic analysis of second trimester fetuses. Analyzing the diagnostic utility of virtual autopsy using pm-MRI at 3 T for the confirmation of prenatal ultrasound findings in second trimester fetuses as compared to classic autopsy, the best results were obtained in the Cerebral and Renal Group. Reserved results were found in the Cardiac Group. Therefore, for the pregnancies with termination of pregnancy for cerebral or renal abnormalities, virtual autopsy by pm-MRI at 3T can be taken into consideration as a first-line investigation to confirm the prenatal findings.
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Thali, Michael J., Christian Jackowski, Lars Oesterhelweg, Steffen G. Ross, and Richard Dirnhofer. "VIRTOPSY – The Swiss virtual autopsy approach." Legal Medicine 9, no. 2 (March 2007): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.11.011.

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Ahmad, Mushtaq, and Farial Naima Rahman. "Virtual autopsy: a new trend in forensic investigation." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 9, no. 2 (February 2, 2015): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21848.

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Introduction: The modern high-resolution imaging has been used as a well described aid in the setting of post-mortem investigations. In developed countries Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are now being evaluated as complementary means for cause-of-death determination. Objective: This paper explores the implication of virtual autopsy from ethical and technical point of view. Methods: Published literature with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were extensively reviewed through use of general and Meta search engines to elucidate the applications and implications of virtual autopsy. Discussion: Virtual autopsy introduces a new era in autopsy examination. It utilizes the technological innovation of modern imaging system to obtain high quality 3 Dimensional images of the body in multiple plains without mutilation of the human body. The Virtual Autopsy can be applied in a broad number of forensic situations, such as thanatological investigations; carbonized and putrefied body identifications; mass disaster cases; age estimation; anthropological examinations and skin lesion analyses, determining cause of death determination; decedent gender, identification in 001 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 9, No 2 (December) 2013 difficult forensic cases; body length and Individual decedent feature identification; identifying distinct foreign bodies – retained bullets, blades, etc.; identification of injuries and forensic reconstructions – three dimensional reconstructions, bullet tract identification; education and clinical performance improvement process; and research. Conclusion: Due to its minimal invasive procedure, virtual autopsy is very much acceptable to the society. In USA and European countries virtual autopsy is likely to replace conventional autopsies in future. We can also utilize this modern technology to upgrade the century old investigation system in our country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21848 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(2) 2013
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Kirsch, Carl M. "Virtual Autopsy in the Intensive Care Unit." Annals of Internal Medicine 156, no. 11 (June 5, 2012): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00014.

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Wichmann, Dominic, and Stefan Kluge. "Virtual Autopsy in the Intensive Care Unit." Annals of Internal Medicine 156, no. 11 (June 5, 2012): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00015.

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Arthanari, Abirami, UJagdish Kamal Chander, and Adhithiya Palaniswamy. "Oral and virtual autopsy in forensic dentistry." International Journal of Clinicopathological Correlation 5, no. 2 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcpc.ijcpc_13_21.

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Yadav, Juhi, and Mukesh Yadav. "Virtual Autopsy – Way forward in Forensic Medicine." Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine 43, no. 4 (2021): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0848.2021.00095.6.

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20

Dirnhofer, Richard, Christian Jackowski, Peter Vock, Kimberlee Potter, and Michael J. Thali. "VIRTOPSY: Minimally Invasive, Imaging-guided Virtual Autopsy." RadioGraphics 26, no. 5 (September 2006): 1305–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.265065001.

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Aggarwal, Kangana, Amit Chauhan, and S. K. Shukla. "Implementation of Virtual Autopsy in Forensic Medicine." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 13, no. 2 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00087.2.

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22

Pollanen, Michael S., and Noel Woodford. "Virtual autopsy: time for a clinical trial." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 9, no. 3 (February 24, 2013): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-013-9408-8.

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23

Klevno, V. V., Yu V. Chumakova, D. P. Pavlik, and S. E. Dubrova. "POTENTIAL OF THE VIRTUAL AUTOPSY IN CASE OF FIREARM INJURY." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 5, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19048/2411-8729-2019-5-3-33-38.

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The article presents the cases observed in the practice of the Office of medico-legal examinations of the Moscow Region when computed tomography (CT) was used for the first time in Russia for pre-autopsy examination (virtual autopsy) of three corpses with gunshot wounds followed by imaging-anatomical comparison of the results.Objectives. Determination of the injury volume, visualization of the wound tracts, localization of the bullets.Material and methods. Computed tomography was performed in radiology department using CT Scanner Hitachi Eclos‑16 (16 slices per rotation, slice thickness 1.5 and 2.0 mm) followed by multi-planar reconstruction of the images.Results. 3D reconstruction of the CT scans of the corpses has visualized the whole volume of the trauma. Firearm perforating skull fractures, crushing injuries of the brain, injuries of the thoracic and abdominal organs along the wound tracks, bullets at the ends of the blind wound tracks were revealed on CT-scans.Conclusion. Pre-autopsy CT with 3D-reconstruction has allowed to determine localization of the bullets in the bodies accurately. This allowed to choose the optimal examination tactics in each particular case and provided invaluable assistance in the search for the bullets. Virtopsy in the cases of firearm injury has great diagnostic opportunities in visualization and 3D presentation of the wound tracks and their direction. 3D CT has recorded the original position and characteristics of the skull fractures under the undamaged tissues. The authors made the assumption that a virtual autopsy could be a reliable alternative to traditional autopsy in the foreseeable future in cases of firearm injuries.
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Wang, Lijun, Yimeng Wang, Zhiming Chen, Gang Liu, Wanan Zhu, Wenxin Wang, Dandan Zhou, et al. "Prospective and practical significance of virtual autopsy laboratory." Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 7, no. 1 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_72_20.

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Ebert, Lars Christian, Thomas D. Ruder, Rosa Maria Martinez, Patricia M. Flach, Wolf Schweitzer, Michael J. Thali, and Garyfalia Ampanozi. "Computer-Assisted Virtual Autopsy Using Surgical Navigation Techniques." American Journal of Roentgenology 204, no. 1 (January 2015): W58—W62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.13.11957.

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Bolliger, Stephan A., and Michael J. Thali. "Imaging and virtual autopsy: looking back and forward." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1674 (August 5, 2015): 20140253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0253.

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In order to create a three-dimensional (3D) documentation of findings which can be reassessed if necessary by other experts, the research project ‘Virtopsy®’ was launched in the late 1990s. This project combined autopsy results with forensic imaging in the form of computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography and 3D surface scanning. The success of this project eventually succeeded in convincing the courts in Switzerland to accept these novel methods as evidence. As opposition towards autopsies has grown over the last decades, Virtopsy also strives to find and elaborate additional methods which can answer the main forensic questions without autopsy. These methods comprise post-mortem angiography for illustration of the vascular bed and image-guided tissue and fluid sampling for histological, toxicological and microbiological examinations. Based on the promising results, post-mortem imaging, especially with 3D surface scanning, has meanwhile also been applied to living victims of assault, who have suffered patterned injuries due to bites, blows with objects, etc. In our opinion, forensic imaging is an objective method which offers the possibility for a reassessment of the findings by other experts, even after burial or cremation of the corpse, or healing of the injuries in living victims, thus leading to a greater security in court.
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Wichmann, Dominic, Frieder Obbelode, Hermann Vogel, Wilhelm Wolfgang Hoepker, Axel Nierhaus, Stephan Braune, Guido Sauter, Klaus Pueschel, and Stefan Kluge. "Virtual Autopsy as an Alternative to Traditional Medical Autopsy in the Intensive Care Unit." Annals of Internal Medicine 156, no. 2 (January 17, 2012): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00008.

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Levy, Angela D., H. Theodore Harcke, John M. Getz, Craig T. Mallak, James L. Caruso, Lisa Pearse, Aletta A. Frazier, and Jeffrey R. Galvin. "Virtual Autopsy: Two- and Three-dimensional Multidetector CT Findings in Drowning with Autopsy Comparison1." Radiology 243, no. 3 (June 2007): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2433061009.

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Zhou, Yiwu, Longda Ma, Rong Liang, Yuluo Liu, Qing Shi, Xiangyang Xu, and Lian Yang. "Comparative analysis of CT virtual autopsy and traditional autopsy: A report of 3 cases." Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 6, no. 4 (2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_71_20.

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Cirielli, Vito, Luca Cima, Federica Bortolotti, Murali Narayanasamy, MariaPia Scarpelli, Olivia Danzi, Matteo Brunelli, et al. "Virtual autopsy as a screening test before traditional autopsy: The verona experience on 25 Cases." Journal of Pathology Informatics 9, no. 1 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpi.jpi_23_18.

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31

Nuzzolese, Emilio. "VIRDENTOPSY: Virtual Dental Autopsy and Remote Forensic Odontology Evaluation." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9090102.

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The identification of human remains relies on the comparison of post-mortem data, collected during the autopsy, with the ante-mortem data gathered from the missing persons’ reports. DNA, fingerprints, and dental data are considered primary identifiers and are usually collected during any human identification process. Post-mortem dental data should be collected and analyzed by forensic odontologists, as a dental autopsy must not be confused with a dental examination. The virdentopsy project was inaugurated in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, to allow the correct process of human remains by collecting dental data from teeth and jaws, which was then transmitted to forensic odontologists remotely for an expert opinion to achieve a generic profile of the unidentified human remains. The post-mortem dental biography is paramount to narrow the search for compatible missing persons but requires knowledge and experience of forensic odontologists. The virdentopsy process uses radiographic imaging (periapical X-rays, CT scans, panoramics), 2D/3D photos and video recording, photogrammetry documentation, 3D scanning, and live streaming where possible. This registered term was created by merging the terms “virtual” and “dental autopsy” but with no commercial benefits. The proposed process combines research topics under the field of the human rights of the dead and humanitarian forensic odontology services. It should enhance and accelerate the human identification process of the deceased, age estimation of the living, analysis of panoramic X-ray images, and be an educational tool for remote live training in forensic odontology and anatomy of skulls. This paper presents an overview of the virdentopsy process in the field of forensic odontology as a remote consultation as well as an educational tool for undergraduates and postgraduates.
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Vidhya, A., Nagabhushana Doggalli, Karthikeya Patil, Keerthi Narayan, D. Thiruselvakumar, and A. Abirami. "Virtual autopsy: An imaging technological integration in forensic odontology." International Journal of Forensic Odontology 4, no. 1 (2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_5_19.

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Mallick, Taha R., Muneera J. Alhammadi, and Mohamed Elbahr. "The Role of Virtual Autopsy in Uncertain Clinical Scenarios." Bahrain Medical Bulletin 39, no. 1 (March 2017): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0047444.

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Aabadli, A., B. Bessieres, and F. Razavi. "OP09.09: Ultrasound fetal virtual autopsy: an artificial water surrounding." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 46 (September 2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.15186.

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Yadukul, S., Pragnesh Parmar, Annapurna Srirambhatla, Abhishek J. Arora, Prashanth Mada, and Divya Reddy. "Virtual autopsy in India: The need of the hour." Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 39, no. 2 (2022): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4568.2022.00027.8.

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Tierney, Eamon, Wael Ebrahim, Suhail Baithun, Martin Corbally, and Jaffar Albareeq. "Is It Time for a Virtual Autopsy Service in Bahrain ?" Bahrain Medical Bulletin 36, no. 4 (December 2014): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0008125.

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Levy, Angela D., Robert M. Abbott, Craig T. Mallak, John M. Getz, H. Theodore Harcke, Howard R. Champion, and Lisa A. Pearse. "Virtual Autopsy: Preliminary Experience in High-Velocity Gunshot Wound Victims." Radiology 240, no. 2 (August 2006): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2402050972.

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Filograna, Laura, Luca Pugliese, Massimo Muto, Doriana Tatulli, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Michael John Thali, and Roberto Floris. "A Practical Guide to Virtual Autopsy: Why, When and How." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 40, no. 1 (February 2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2018.10.011.

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Westphal, Saskia E., Jonas Apitzsch, Tobias Penzkofer, Andreas H. Mahnken, and Ruth Knüchel. "Virtual CT autopsy in clinical pathology: feasibility in clinical autopsies." Virchows Archiv 461, no. 2 (June 23, 2012): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-012-1257-4.

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Ahmad, Mushtaq, Md Zubaidur Rahman, and Farial Naima Rahman. "An Update on Virtopsy- A Modern Forensic Investigation Tool." KYAMC Journal 12, no. 1 (May 8, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v12i1.53369.

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Virtopsy is a virtual alternative to a traditional autopsy, conducted with scanning and imaging technology. In developed countries Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are now being evaluated as complementary means for determination of cause of death. This paper explores the latest development and implication of virtopsy from ethical, clinical and technical point of view. Published literature in different journals with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were extensively reviewed through use of general and Meta search engines to elucidate the applications and implications of virtual autopsy. The modern high-resolution imaging has been used as a well described aid in the setting of post-mortem investigations. Virtopsy introduces a new era in autopsy examination. It utilizes the technological innovation of modern imaging system to obtain best results and three Dimensional (3D) images of the body in multiple plains without mutilation of the human body. Now a days virtopsy is very much acceptable procedure to the forensic society. In western worlds virtopsy is likely to replace conventional autopsies in future. We can also try to implement this modern system in our country. KYAMC Journal.2021;12(1): 48-52
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Thali, M. J., R. Dirnhofer, R. Becker, W. Oliver, and K. Potter. "Is ‘virtual histology’ the next step after the ‘virtual autopsy’? Magnetic resonance microscopy in forensic medicine." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 22, no. 8 (October 2004): 1131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2004.08.019.

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42

Vodovnik, Aleksandar, Mohammad Reza F. Aghdam, and Dan Gøran Espedal. "Remote autopsy services: A feasibility study on nine cases." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 24, no. 7 (May 24, 2017): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x17708947.

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Introduction We have conducted a feasibility study on remote autopsy services in order to increase the flexibility of the service with benefits for teaching and interdepartmental collaboration. Methods Three senior staff pathologists, one senior autopsy technician and one junior resident participated in the study. Nine autopsies were performed by the autopsy technician or resident, supervised by the primary pathologist, through the secure, double encrypted video link using Jabber Video (Cisco) with a high-speed broadband connection. The primary pathologist and autopsy room each connected to the secure virtual meeting room using 14″ laptops with in-built cameras (Hewlett-Packard). A portable high-definition web camera (Cisco) was used in the autopsy room. Primary and secondary pathologists independently interpreted and later compared gross findings for the purpose of quality assurance. The video was streamed live only during consultations and interpretation. A satisfaction survey on technical and professional aspects of the study was conducted. Results Independent interpretations of gross findings between primary and secondary pathologists yielded full agreement. A definite cause of death in one complex autopsy was determined following discussions between pathologists and reviews of the clinical notes. Our satisfaction level with the technical and professional aspects of the study was 87% and 97%, respectively. Discussion Remote autopsy services are found to be feasible in the hands of experienced staff, with increased flexibility and interest of autopsy technicians in the service as a result.
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Pedersen, Christina Carøe Ejlskov, Chiara Villa, Pauline Asingh, Michael J. Thali, and Dominic Gascho. "Looking deep into the past – virtual autopsy of a Mongolian warrior." Forensic Imaging 25 (June 2021): 200455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2021.200455.

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Laurent, Pierre-Eloi, Marianne Jolibert, Christophe Bartoli, Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti, Frederic Cohen, Vincent Vidal, and Guillaume Gorincour. "Conference scene: 2nd French-speaking course on virtual autopsy, Marseille, France." Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging 1, no. 1 (January 2013): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2012.11.004.

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Bagó, Z., and S. Kneissl. "Virtual Autopsy (‘Virtopsy’): A Rapid Tool to Supplement Traditional Necropsy Examination." Journal of Comparative Pathology 156, no. 1 (January 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.11.173.

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Bolliger, Stephan, Michael Thali, Christian Jackowski, Emin Aghayev, Richard Dirnhofer, and Martin Sonnenschein. "Postmortem Non-Invasive Virtual Autopsy: Death by Hanging in a Car." Journal of Forensic Sciences 50, no. 2 (2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs2004070.

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Wichmann, Dominic, Axel Heinemann, Clemens Weinberg, Hermann Vogel, Wilhelm Wolfgang Hoepker, Silke Grabherr, Klaus Pueschel, and Stefan Kluge. "Virtual Autopsy With Multiphase Postmortem Computed Tomographic Angiography Versus Traditional Medical Autopsy to Investigate Unexpected Deaths of Hospitalized Patients." Annals of Internal Medicine 160, no. 8 (April 15, 2014): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m13-2211.

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Abdalla de Oliveira Cardoso, Telma, Francisco de Paula Bueno de Azevedo Neto, Simone Cynamon Cohen, and Deborah Chein Bueno de Azevedo. "Biosafety in autopsy room: an systematic review." Revista de Salud Pública 21, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v21n6.81593.

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Abstract:
Objective To discuss the risks related to the possibilities of accidents and contamination in autopsy rooms, especially the biological risk.Methods This is an exploratory study. The databases Lilacs, MEDLINE and SciELO virtual library were searched; from 2000 until 2017; from the following inclusion criteria: articles available in full, in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages; and those that portrayed the central theme of the article.Results 53 articles were analyzed, to following the sub-themes: chemical, ergonomic, biological and accident agents; exposure to radioactive materials; electrical and electronic equipment.Conclusions The death cause is essential for epidemiological surveillance. The prevalence of diseases in the population poses risk to autopsy room professionals. Often these diseases are not detected before death; can coexist with other conditions and be ignored; or don’t have morphological evidence at autopsy. M.tuberculosis, hepatitis virus, HIV and prions were the main pathogens identified. They can be transmitted by blood and aerosols; but there are other risks such as sharps, chemicals and radioactive materials.
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Rosário Junior, Ademir Franco do, Paulo Henrique Couto Souza, Walter Coudyzer, Patrick Thevissen, Guy Willems, and Reinhilde Jacobs. "Virtual autopsy in forensic sciences and its applications in the forensic odontology." Revista Odonto Ciência 27, no. 1 (2012): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65232012000100001.

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Aljerian, Khaldoon, Abdulrahman Alhawas, Sakher Alqahtani, Bartolomeu Golding, and Theeb Alkahtani. "First virtual autopsy in Saudi Arabia: A case report with literature review." Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging 3, no. 1 (March 2015): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2014.11.002.

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