Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virothérapie'
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Boisgerault, Nicolas. "Utilisation du virus de la rougeole en virothérapie anti-tumorale." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=717391ed-c8d4-4c72-8470-b689daf81ddc.
Full textDespite continuous advances, conventional anti-tumour therapies (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) remain partly ineffective. Thus, cancer virotherapy appears as a potential therapeutic alternative. Some viruses exhibit, either naturally or after genetic engineering, the ability of targeting specifically tumour cells without infecting the healthy ones. Vaccinal strain of measles virus (MV) naturally displays such oncolytic properties against a wide range of cancers due to targeting of CD46 receptor that is overexpressed by some cancer cells. I demonstrated that oncolytic MV specifically targets mesothelioma cells in vitro and melanoma, lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Infection of these tumour cells by MV induces cell death in an immunogenic way and thus allows an immune response to develop by maturing dendritic cells and activating T lymphocytes. Cell death immunogenicity depends on production and release of danger molecules by dying cells. I showed that MV infection induces Hsp70 production, calreticulin translocation to cell surface and release of HMGB-1 into extracellular medium by infected tumour cells. Involvement of the immune system would improve the direct oncolytic properties of MV. Altogether, these results give new arguments for the use of MV as anti-tumour therapeutics against resistant cancers
Gretillat, Magalie. "Etude d'un virus myxomateux optimisé pour la virothérapie anticancéreuse chez l'Homme." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/713/.
Full textMyxoma virus (MYXV), agent of myxomatosis in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), exhibits highly species-specific host tropism. Although it has been proven to be non pathogenic in all other vertebrate species, including man, MYXV is able to infect and kill human tumour cells. In order to use this promising oncolytic virus (OV) candidate against human colorectal, pancreatic and ovarian cancers, we investigated oncolytic capacities of optimised MYXV in vitro and in vivo. The oncolytic capacities of MYXV (MYXV-SG) SG33 vaccine strain of appeared to be significantly superior compared to the wild type T1 strain (MYXV-T1), in terms of replication and cell killing in human tumour cells in vitro. We demonstrated that the reduced viral activity of OV at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) could be counterbalanced by FCU1-suicide-gene-induced specific molecular chemotherapy. We studied the possibility of in vivo controlled release of oncolytic viral vectors at tumours sites by encapsulating OV in safe, natural and biodegradable sol-gel silica matrix. The safety of local and systemic injection of MYXV was confirmed in two different animal models, namely Swiss nude mice and immunocompetent rhesus macaque. Finally, oncolytic efficacy of MYXV-SG was investigated in nude mice bearing subcutaneous human colorectal tumours
Lagrange, Magali. "Virothérapie du cancer du col de l'utérus : du ciblage moléculaire au ciblage cellulaire." Strasbourg 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13065.
Full textCancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), most frequently HPV16, is the most significant etiological factor of this cancer. The oncogenic effect of these viruses is principally due to the expression of two early viral proteins, E6 and E7. In the fist part of this work, we have characterized three monoclonal antibodies able to efficiently detect E6 from HPV16 (16E6). We have also used these antibodies to test their effects on the interaction with different partners of E6. In the second part of the thesis, we have used antibody fragments able to block E6-dependent degradation of p53 in vitro to induce specific apoptosis in the HPV16 transformed cells, demonstrating the feasability of the anti-16E6 intracellular immunization for specific killing of cervical cancer cells. In the last part of this work, we generated fiber modified adenoviral vectors which combine the introduction of two point mutations and the insertion of differents peptide sequences selected by phage-display. We show that these modifications ablate the native tropism of the serotype 5 adenovirus confer specificity to HPV-transformed cervical cancer cell lines
Nader, Joëlle. "Modèles précliniques d’étude du mésothéliome : application à l’évaluation de la virothérapie anti-tumorale in vivo." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1043/document.
Full textAs a PhD student, I worked in parallel on two complementary subjects. The first one concerned the study of the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment in four models of rat malignant mesothelioma (MM), differing in both their immune infiltrate and their metastatic potential. Histological analyses of stroma, together with proteomic analyses and expression of different cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, led us to the identification of three stages of increasing invasiveness, associated with quantitative changes in many proteins and a decreased immune infiltrate. The most invasive tumor was characterized by immunosuppression with a specific molecular profile increasing the metastatic potential. The second topic was the evaluation of the efficacy of anti-tumor virotherapy, based on the use of the Schwarz strain of measles virus (MV) and its variant MV-ΔC for the treatment of MM. Both viruses induced tumor regressions in NOD SCID mice transplanted with two human MM cell lines, but MV-ΔC amplified this effect by inducing faster cell death, as revealed by a marked reduction of the tumor mass. This apoptotic potential is associated, in vitro, with an increased production of the danger signal HMGB1 and the synthesis of a large amount of viral double-stranded RNA. These MV-ΔC-infected cells are also capable of promoting the maturation of dendritic cells through viral replication and activation of the Protein Kinase R. This characterization of new immunocompetent models and novel promising therapeutic strategies may lead to better clinical management of patients with mesothelioma
Houel, Ana. "Étude de l’induction de structures lymphoïdes tertiaires, par virothérapie oncolytique, pour stimuler l’immunité antitumorale endogène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS232.
Full textTertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of immune cells that develop in non-lymphoid tissues as a result of chronic inflammation. Mature TLS, which resemble lymph nodes in their organization, are associated with favorable prognoses in solid tumor cancers and serve as effective predictors of patient responses to immunotherapy. Our objective was to investigate oncolytic virotherapy as a strategy to induce TLS in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance anti-tumor responses.Oncolytic viruses (OV) have the ability to specifically infect and replicate within cancer cells, inducing their direct lysis as well as their destruction by the immune system through immunogenic cell death. We hypothesize that the modulation of the TME following OV infection, along with the local production of chemokines expressed by these viruses, could promote TLS neogenesis and amplify anti-tumor responses.My work involved generating and characterizing recombinant oncolytic vaccinia viruses (oVV) armed with three chemokines, CCL20, CCL21, and CXCL13, which we hypothesize are involved in TLS neogenesis.I observed that the expression of chemokines by the recombinant oVVs did not affect their oncolytic properties and that the chemokines were functional in vitro. Although the replication of the oVVs was reduced in syngeneic murine models, I detected the murine chemokines in tumors infected with the armed oVVs and observed the formation of immune aggregates in hot tumor models. However, no therapeutic improvement was observed with the chemokine-armed oVV compared to the non-armed virus.I then studied the ability of TLS induced by an oVV to establish anti-tumor responses in the hot orthotopic TC-1 luc model. In this model, I observed that intranasal administration of the oVV induced more TLS than administration of a non-oncolytic vaccinia virus, MVA. Furthermore, I observed that TLS induced by MVA infection were not associated with an anti-tumor response, whereas I detected long-term presence of tumor-specific T lymphocytes and tumor control in the lungs of a mouse infected with oVV. Thus, we hypothesize that the oncolytic properties of oVVs can induce TLS that are effective against tumors.To promote oVV replication and chemokine expression, as well as to facilitate the observation of late anti-tumor responses with slower tumor growth kinetics, we evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant strain armed with the three human chemokines (oVV-3hCK) in a HIS-NXG humanized mouse model grafted with human tumors.In this model, the oVVs (oVV-3hCK and non-armed oVV) were particularly effective, making it difficult to observe differences in therapeutic efficacy between the two strains. Nonetheless, a significant increase in the infiltration of CXCR5+ immune cells and naïve T and B lymphocytes was observed in tumors infected with oVV-3hCK, confirming the chemotactic activity of the chemokines and suggesting the presence of TLS in the tumors.In conclusion, my thesis work confirmed that the three chemokines CCL20, CCL21, and CXCL13 expressed by an oVV are capable of inducing immune aggregates (or TLS) in the TME, and demonstrated the relevance of this strategy to improve long-term anti-tumor responses
Rejiba, Soukaïna. "Thérapie génique et virothérapie pour le traitement de l'adénocarcinome du pancréas et la chimiosensibilitation à la gemcitabine." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13079.
Full textGemcitabine is the treatment of choice for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but comes up against appearance of chemoresistance. The current work aimed to improve gemcitabine efficacy using gene therapy. We first demonstrated that inhibition of k-ras oncogene resulted in a sensitization of cells to gemcitabine treatment. We were also interested to genes involved in alteration of the gemcitabine prodrug metabolism. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of the dCK::UMK fusion protein and inhibition of TS and RR genes restored tumor cell sensitivity to gemcitabine. Finally, we exploited the oncolytic and oncotropic natural properties of H-1 parvovirus. A recombinant parvovirus expressing the yeast cytosine deaminase suicide gene under the control of the carcinoembryonic specific promoter showed increased cytotoxic effects restricted to pancreatic tumor cells
Touchefeu, Yann. "Optimisation de la radiovirothérapie en associant un traitement radio-isotopique vectorisé par un virus de la rougeole oncolytique, une radiothérapie externe et une inhibition de checkpoint kinase-1." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b63f1333-4571-46c1-911d-34c915c579e9.
Full textRadiovirotherapy is defined as the use of viruses to deliver radioisotopic treatment into infected cells. Oncolytic viruses are able to selectively target and kill cancer cells. Combining external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with radiovirotherapy is an innovative method to increase the total radiation dose selectively within tumour cells. Our aim was to evaluate a radiovirotherapy approach using Edmonston strain measles virus engineered to express the sodium/iodide symporter NIS (MV-NIS). We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of MV-NIS, NIS-guided radioiodide, EBRT and a specific checkpoint-1 inhibitor (SAR-020106). This approach was investigated in head and neck and colorectal (HCT-116) cancer cells lines. We show that EBRT and MV-NIS exerted synergistic in vitro anti-tumour effects. EBRT increased NIS expression in infected cells. SAR-020106 had synergistic antitumour effect both with EBRT and with MV-NIS. We have demonstrated that MV-NIS mediated 131I toxicity. In HCT-116 cells, this effect was enhanced by SAR-020106. In vivo, we have demonstrated that MV-NIS and EBRT had synergistic effects in an HCT-116 subcutaneous tumour model. The combination of MV-NIS, virally-directed 131I, EBRT and SAR-020106 was evaluated in vivo in the same HCT-116 tumour model. This quadruplet regimen had significant antitumour activity, associated with an increased survival of animals. Our study strongly supports further translational and clinical research on MV-NIS in combination with radiation therapy and radiosensitising agents
Foloppe, Johann. "Construction et évaluation de différents mutants du virus de la vaccine exprimant un gène suicide dans la cadre d'une thérapie anti-cancéreuse." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13177.
Full textRecombinant thymidine kinase-deleted vaccinia virus vector targets tumor tissue after systemic delivery, making it ideal for a tumor-directed enzyme/prodrug approach. We have generated a tk-deficient recombinant expressing the suicide gene FCU1 which catalyses the direct conversion of the nontoxic 5-fluorocytosine into toxic metabolites. This vaccinia virus demonstrated a significant tumor regression after systemic injection in combination with administration of 5-FC. Moreover, to enhance the safety and efficacy of this vector, deletion of other genes was combined with thymidine kinase gene deletion. We evaluated in vivo the therapeutic efficacy after intravenous injection in nude mice bearing subcuteanous human tumors and we compared the toxicity between single and double-deleted viruses. The results of this study demonstrate that double-deleted viruses are capable of selective tumor replication and are significantly less pathogenic than the single-deleted virus
Ricordel, Marine. "Sélection, Génération et Amélioration de Poxvirus Oncolytiques par Génie Génétique et Evolution Dirigée." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0010.
Full textOncolytiques viruses are a new class of therpeutic agents which could be an alternative for cancer treatment. Currently, several oncolytic viruses are evaluated in clinical trial, nevertheless improvements are needed to create a new class of more efficiente and less toxic viruses. The first objective of this thesis was to improved the vaccinia virus specificity through the targeting of the tumor-associated antigen MUC1. To address this goal, a recombinant virus expressing an scFv targeting the MUC1-protein was engineered and produced. However, in vitro, the demonstration of a specific targeting by the recombinant virus was not possible. A second aspect of this thesis work was to evaluate the oncolytic potential of Poxviridae family viruses. Oncolytic capacities of twelve viruses, belonging to eight genera, were evaluated. Their impact on human cancer cells was tested. In order to increase their efficacity, viruses with the highest oncolytic capacities were then modified and armed by genetic engineering. The third part of this work was devoted to the generation of chimeric viruses based on directed evolution process. This methodology is used to mimic the natural process of evolutionary selection. Applied to oncolytic virotherapy, this technique allowed the generation of a new chimeric oncolytic virus caracterised by an enhanced antitumoral potential. In summary, this thesis has allowed, through viral engineering, poxviruses screening and directed evolution methodology, the creation and selection of a new generation of oncolytic poviruses. These viruses demonstrate an increased therpeutic activity and greatest safety profil enabling their application in several therapeutic indication
Bressy, Christian. "Potentialisation de la virothérapie anti-tumorale basée sur des adénovirus oncolytiques dans le traitement des cancers côliques et rénaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921952.
Full textGenin, Sarah. "Développement de vecteurs herpétiques pour la thérapie génique et l'oncolyse virale des tumeurs cérébrales." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10120.
Full textLegrand, Valérie. "Vecteurs adénoviraux pour la thérapie génique des cancers : Modification du tropisme viral par manipulations génétiques de la fibre." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13246.
Full textGuillerme, Jean-Baptiste. "Étude des propriétés cytotoxiques et immuno-adjuvantes du virus oncolytique de la rougeole." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d5767487-3ab9-4e6e-953f-d777812a832c.
Full textLive attenuated and replicative competent measles virus (MV) has been proposed to specifically infect and kill tumor cells without, or limited if any, infection of healthy counterparts. Immuno-adjuvant properties of MV may also have a beneficial role on virotherapy efficacy. Here, we studied cytotoxicity and immuno-adjuvant properties of MV. In a first study, we showed that MV efficiently infects and kills pulmonary and colorectal adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo, in a human tumor xenografts model in immunodeficient mice. In a second study, I focused on MV immuno-adjuvant properties on pDC. I developed sorting and culture of human pDC in our laboratory. Then, I showed that MV-infected tumor cells induce pDC maturation and large production of IFN-α. Using a specific inhibitor, I demonstrated that IFN-α production was due to Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) triggering probably by MV single stranded ARN. Finally, I showed that pDC cross-present NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen to a specific CD8+ T cell clone, from MV-infected tumor cells, at a similar level than monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC). Altogether, this work suggests that the use of measles virus vaccine in antitumor virotherapy induces immunogenic tumor cell death, allowing pDC to mature, produce high amounts of IFN-α, and cross-present tumor antigens
Fouet, Morgane. "Modulation du microenvironnement tumoral et de la réponse immunitaire par des virus oncolytiques modifiés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU1008.
Full textViruses exhibiting a tropism for tumor cells and an ability to induce their lysis, are called oncolytic viruses. They are used in the context of virotherapy and make it possible to stimulate the anti-tumor immune response by recruiting and activating innate and adaptive immune cells. The work resulting from my thesis made it possible to deepen the understanding of the role of ϒ9δ2 T cells in the context of oncolytic infections, in particular by highlighting their specific activation by the Schwarz strain of the Measles virus. | then developed an oncolytic virus capable of encoding an antibody designed to specifically activate ϒδ T cells. Therapeutic evaluation of this virus in a mouse model revealed promising results, particularly on the control of tumor growth. Furthermore, | developed a therapeutic strategy aimed at promoting the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures within the tumoral microenvironment. Using an oncolytic virus to vectorize key proteins in tertiary lymphoid structures neogenesis, | observed that the combination of three distinct viruses facilitates the infiltration of not only T cells, but also B cells into the tumoral microenvironment. This approach offers a promising prospect for improving the antitumor immune response and deserves further exploration to confirm its clinical potential
Achard, Carole. "Le virus oncolytique de la rougeole : sensibilité du mésothéliome pleural malin et activation du système immunitaire." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f2d251a0-7c4c-48bf-bcfb-f3839dd6159c.
Full textI worked on an antitumor virotherapy strategy based on the use of an attenuated strain of measles virus (MV) to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). It is described that MV preferentially infects tumor cells which overexpress its major receptor CD46 on their surface. By studying in vitro 22 human MPM cell lines, I demonstrated that 70% of the MPM cell lines are sensitive to the infection and that the sensitivity to MV depends on defects of their antiviral type I interferon (IFN) response rather than on the overexpression of CD46. Healthy cells are not sensitive to MV since they develop a full type I IFN response. Thus, 70% of patients may be sensitive to this therapeutic approach. It is admitted that MV induces immunogenic death of tumor cells, which is able to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and their capacity to cross-present tumor antigens. I continued to characterize the effects of MV on DCs and I showed that blood myeloid CD1c+ DCs and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) express TRAIL on their surface in response to MV. This TRAIL expression depends on their IFN-α secretion which is induced by the detection of viral RNA by the cytosolic sensors RLRs (RIG-I like receptors) in both types of DCs, and by TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) activation in pDCs only. These DCs are then able to induce the lysis of TRAILsensitive cells. Altogether, my results lead to a better understanding of the oncolytic activity of MV, which relies not only on the infection and lysis of tumor cells but also on the activation of the immune system against tumors
Vanbergue, Clément. "Immunothérapie des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures par vaccination in situ à l’aide d’adénovirus oncolytiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL105.
Full textHead and neck cancers (HNC) affect 500 000 new patients each year worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate around 50%. Their etiology is due to alcohol and/or tobacco consumption or infections by human papillomavirus serotypes 16 and 18 (HPV). Treatments of these cancers remain inefficient, and new therapeutic approaches need to be developed. In this context, the effect of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) was characterized on murine cell lines of HPV- induced (mEERL95 and AT84) or chemically-induced (OSCC13 and MOC-1) HNC. The results indicate that OAds are able to infect and kill murine tumor cells in vitro and to replicate within them. Additionally, our results revealed that cells infected with OAds released ATP, a marker of immunogenic cell death. Co-culture experiments between infected tumor cells and dendritic cells showed the activation of dendritic cells, with an increase in the expression of activation surface markers CD40 and CD86. Intratumoral injections of OAds in the syngeneic model of the mEERL95 cell line showed a significant slowdown in tumor growth and, in some cases, tumor eradication. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses revealed an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumors injected with OAds. Finally, restimulation tests of splenocytes or cells from the draining lymph node revealed the presence of a CD8+ immune response directed against adenoviral antigens and, to a lesser extent, against the oncogenic protein E7 of HPV
Duquénois, Isoline. "Modification du tropisme de la glycoprotéine du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire : ciblage de récepteurs d'intérêt." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL098.
Full textThe transfer of vesicles containing cargos toward cells of interest remains a challenge for targeted therapy. Viral fusion glycoproteins having the property of receptor recognition and fusion activity constitute promising tools for this kind of approach. VSV glycoprotein (G) is the most used viral glycoprotein to pseudotype lentiviruses in gene therapy. However, we encounter limits to the use of G: G cellular receptors (from LDLR family) are ubiquitous and expressed at the surface of non-target cells. The work of the team on VSVG/LDLR structure enabled us to identify G mutants that no longer bind the LDLR without affecting its fusion activity. This uncoupling between the recognition of the receptor and the fusion capacity opened up the possibility of retargeting G towards receptors of interest. A chimeric glycoprotein fused with a nanobody directed against the mCherry protein, in N-terminal, of G has been constructed. The insertion of a nanobody in G is deleterious for its activity. Using experimental evolution, we identified two mutations on G enhancing the chimera folding. Remarkably, these mutations improve the folding of chimeric Gs, regardless of the sequence of the nanobody inserted in amino-terminal. Pseudotyped viruses (both VSV and lentiviruses) with these chimeric Gs at their surface show 10 times higher titers with these mutations of optimisation. We then constructed chimeric Gs with several nanobodies targeting the receptor HER2. We introduced the mutations abolishing LDLR recognition in these Gs. Viruses pseudotyped with these glycoproteins only infected cells expressing HER2. We therefore identified G mutations conferring a new tropism of G thanks to the N-terminal insertion of a nanobody. All this work opens the way to personalised targeted therapies
Shekarian, Tala. "Immunostimulatory and Oncolytic Properties of Rotavirus Can Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1048.
Full textImmune checkpoint targeted therapies against PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are currently revolutionizing cancer care. However, only a minority of patients develop objective responses with these treatments. Therefore, new therapeutic interventions are needed to increase the immunogenicity of tumors in order to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Oncolytic properties of common viruses can be exploited for the priming of anti-tumor immunity and such oncolytic viruses (OVs) are currently in intense clinical development in combination with immune checkpoint targeted therapies. We have found that commercially available virus vaccines do have oncolytic properties. These pediatric vaccine virus can directly kill cancer cells with features of immunogenic cell death. Moreover, it has pro-inflammatory properties and can activate the NF-Kb pathway in a toll-like receptor and IRF3 independent manner. These in vitro biological properties translate in vivo into anti-tumor activity. Intra-tumoral vaccine therapy has anti-tumor effects which are partly immune mediated. Interestingly, in immunocompetent murine pediatric tumor models, intra-tumoral injection overcome resistance and synergize with immune checkpoint targeted therapy. Vaccines are pediatric and adult clinical grade products. Therefore, in situ intra-tumoral immunization strategies could be implemented quickly in the clinic
Wizla, Pierre. "Protéine NS1 du parvovirus H-1 et induction de la mort cellulaire dans des cellules humaines normales et transformées." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00499417.
Full textPourchet, Aldo Decio. "Développement de virus HSV-1 (virus de l’herpes simplex de type 1) oncolytiques ciblés pour traiter les carcinomes hépatocellulaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10155/document.
Full textOur long-term purpose is to develop transcriptionally targeted oncolytic vectors, derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), designed to eradicate hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). We have identified several HCC-specific promoters, as well as other cancer-specific promoters, that maintain their specificity when expressed from the virus genome. More precisely, we have demonstrated that these promoters are able to drive reporter gene (luciferase) expression from the virus genome in HCC-derived cells, both in cultured cells and in nude mice, but not in fresh human hepatocytes or in the WRL38 hepatocyte-like cells. HSV-1 infection induces, but then inhibits, a cellular antiviral apoptotic response, and the early virus protein US3 is a key actor in inhibiting apoptosis. We have hypothesized that inhibition of US3 expression in hepatocytes should led to early apoptotic death of these cells, therefore precluding virus multiplication and spread. In contrast, expression of US3 in cancer cells is expected to block apoptosis, leading to the achievement of the virus life cycle, cell lysis, and virus spread within the tumours. We report in this communication the construction and properties of two different potentially oncolytic HSV-1 vectors. One of them expresses US3 protein under the control of the HCC-specific promoter ANGPTL3, while the second promoter contains 9 repeats of the hypoxia responsive elements of vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (9xHRE promoter). Growth curves of these viruses were performed on different HCC cell lines to show their oncolytic properties
Fend, Laetitia. "Utilisation de modèles pré-cliniques murins orthotopiques et transgéniques pour l'évaluation d'approches immunothérapeutiques dans le traitement du cancer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ058.
Full textIn experimental approaches to immunotherapy of cancer, mouse tumor models are used for reasons of speed and reproducibility. Ectopic mouse tumor models are the most often used, but they constitute artificial models that reflect only a part of the biological reality of tumors from various origins.The aim of my thesis project was to develop new mouse preclinical tumor models to better mimic the pathological situations of solid tumors in humans. First, I developed an orthotopic model of kidney cancer (subcapsular kidney implantation of a renal carcinoma cell line which either expressed or did not express the human xeno-antigen, MUC1). In addition to this, I also studied a spontaneous model of breast cancer (MMTV-PyMT).These models enabled us to evaluate the efficacy of three different immunotherapy approaches namely oncolytic virus strategy, tumor antigen vectorization by using a viral vector, and monoclonal antibody
Brassard, Frédérick. "Caractérisation génétique de différents mutants de la stomatite vésiculeuse." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2564/1/M11164.pdf.
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