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1
Aribowo, Sandi Sutopo, Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono, and Nies Suci Mulyani. "Aktivitas Trichoderma viride Fncc6013 dalam Menghidrolisis Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa Paradisiaca L. Var. Sapientum) dengan Variasi Waktu Fermentasi." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.15.2.53-57.
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Trichoderma viride merupakan jamur selulolitik yang menghasilkan enzim kompleks selulase yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan kimia dari selulosa menjadi glukosa. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride dipengaruhi oleh waktu fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang telah diadaptasikan pada media fermentasi kulit pisang raja dan memperoleh data kadar gula pereduksi dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja pada variasi waktu fermentasi. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari delignifikasi kulit pisang raja, sterilisasi alat dan bahan, pembuatan media fermentasi, peremajaan jamur Trichoderma viride, dan uji aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja dengan variasi waktu fermentasi. Trichoderma viride dapat tumbuh pada media fermentasi kulit pisang raja. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja optimum pada waktu fermentasi hari ke-7 dengan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 41,40 mg/L
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R Sarjono, Purbowatiningrum, Nies S Mulyani, and Wirnia S Setyani. "KADAR GLUKOSA DARI HIDROLISIS SELULOSA PADA ECENG GONDOK MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI." Molekul 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2012.7.2.118.
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Telah kita ketahui bahwa eceng gondok merupakan salah satu sumber selulosa yang melimpah di alam dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon bagi jamur Trichoderma viride. Eceng gondok memiliki bobot kering selulosa 21,5%, hemiselulosa 33,9% dan lignin 7,01%. Trichoderma viride adalah jamur saprofit yang berpotensi memproduksi selulase yang mampu mendegradasi ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Glukosa dapat dimanfaatkan dalam produksi sirup gula, asam organik dan bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang mampu tumbuh pada media pertumbuhan hasil modifikasi eceng gondok serta memperoleh temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis eceng gondok dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dalam menghasilkan glukosa.Proses pertama adalah persiapan sampel enceng gondok meliputi delignifikasi, kurva pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride dibuat dalam media modifikasi eceng gondok untuk mengetahui waktu optimum pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride. Penentuan temperatur optimum dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada glukosa yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok menggunakan metode Nelson Somogyi.Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa Trichoderma viride mampu tumbuh pada media modifikasi eceng gondok. Temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok adalah 35oC dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 yaitu sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.
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Ekundayo, Esther Aanuoluwa. "Assessment of the haematological parameters and biochemical indices of albino rats fed with spores of Trichoderma viride." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 17 (2020): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071707.
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The haematological as well as some enzymes biomarkers of albino rats orogastically dosed with different concentrations of Trichoderma viride as well as T. viride subjected to various treatments were evaluated. Generally, red blood cell count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume of the control group were significantly higher than that of animals dosed with different concentrations of T. viride. The same trend was observed when T. viride was amended with 1% lactose, sodium nitrate and sodium chloride. There were no significant differences in the alanine aspartate, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase values of animals dosed with lower concentrations of T. viride. This study suggests that lower concentration of T. viride could be used in controlling fungal phytopathogens.
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Kumar, Ramesh, Sanjeev Kumar, and Balkishan Chaudhary. "Effects of Trichoderma Species on the Growth of Fusarium Verticillioides." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54101.
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Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)
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Parkash, V., S. Sharma, and A. Aggarwal. "Symbiotic and synergistic efficacy of endomycorrhizae with Dendrocalamus strictus L." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 10 (October 12, 2011): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/249/2010-pse.
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The present investigation was undertaken to find out efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM fungi) alone or in combinations with Trichoderma viride for inoculation Dendrocalamus strictus L. seedlings. The inoculated seedlings showed good response having higher plant height, phosphorous ions content in root and shoot, AM spore number and root colonization than non-inoculated (control) seedlings in both single (alone) and co-inoculation (combined consortium) experiments. T. viride showed significant growth followed by Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum and mixed AM with single inoculation. In co-inoculation, the best growth responses were observed with G. fasciculatum + T. viride followed by G. mosseae + T. viride, mixed vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) + T. viride, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride + mixed VAM, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride and G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum after 120 days and also depicted maximum increase in phosphorus content of shoot and root when compared with other inoculated seedlings. However, all the inoculated seedlings showed significant increase in phosphorus content when compared with control seedlings.
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Kushwaha, Shiva Kant, Sanjeev Kumar, and Balkishan Chaudhary. "Efficacy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of lentil under in vitro conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1622.
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Three biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. virens and T. harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro conditions. All the three antagonists’ viz., T. viride, T. virens and T. harzianum have shown the potential of parasitizing the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The rate of inhibition was fastest in T. harzianum (63.60%) followed by T virens (51.5 %). Least inhibition was recorded in T. viride (50.85% ) after 72 hours of incubation. However, T. viride showed the highest (91.31%) reduction in sclerotia formation followed by T. harzianum (84.92%) and T. virens (84.29%) after 15 days of incubation. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride were found most effective in suppressing the mycelial growth (51.11%) and sclerotia production (95.90%) of the target pathogen. The culture filtrate from both T. harzianum and T. viride (15% concentration) was found very effective in inhibiting the radial growth (57.46 and 49.62%) and sclerotia formation (98.20 and 99.83%) of Sclerotium rolfsii. The antagonists such as T. harzianum and T. viride can be used as a bio-control agent against S. rolfsii under field condition.
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Oleszek, Wiesław, Keith R. Price, and Roger G. Fenwick. "The sensitivity of Trichoderma viride to medicagenic acid, its natural glucosides (saponins) and derivatives." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 57, no. 3 (2014): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1988.035.
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Medicagenic acid, its 3-0-glucopyranoside and 3,28-di-(0-glucopyranoside), their methyl esters and acetyl derivatives were tested for their potential to retard the growth of the fungus <em>T. viride</em>. The varying antifungal activities are discussed in relation to published data and to the applicability of <em>T. virile</em> - based biological methods for the quantification of saponins in plant material.
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Ruswandari, Vira Ruainiah, Ahmad Syauqi, and Tintrim Rahayu. "Uji Antagonis Jamur Trichoderma viride dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Jamur Patogen Alternaria porri Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Ungu pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 5, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v5i2.255.
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Trichoderma viride is a microorganism that is commonly found in moist soil and can be isolated from the root area of the shallot plant (Allium ascalonicum L.). The study aim was to determine the mechanism and the difference in percentage of inhibitory power by Trichoderma viride in inhibiting growth of Alternaria porri pathogen at pH 4.8 and 7. The descriptive method was used by descriptive method to isolate Alternaria porri and Trichoderma viride fungi and then purified, and the experimental method tested Trichoderma viride fungal antagonists against Alternaria porri with two PDA media treatments pH 4.8 that observed for 3 days and pH 7 observed for 4 days. The results of the percentage of inhibitory power on the day 1,2,3 were 9%, 34.2% and 35% (pH 4.8), and the results of the percentage of inhibition power of the day 1,2,3 and 4 were 1.9%, 29.9%, 35% and 39.4% (pH 7). The inhibition mechanism of Trichoderma viride in inhibiting Alternaria porri fungi through the stages of antibiosis, parasitism and lysis.
Keywords: Trichoderma viride, Alternaria porri, shallot plants, pH 4,8 and pH 7.
ABSTRAK
Jamur Trichoderma viride merupakan mikroorganisme yang umum dijumpai dalam tanah yang lembab dan dapat diisolasi dari daerah perakaran tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme dan perbedaan persentase daya hambat oleh jamur Trichoderma viride dalam menghambat pertumbuhan patogen Alternaria porri pada pH 4,8 dan 7. Metode yamg digunakan metode deskriptif dengan mengisolasi jamur Alternaria porri dan Trichoderma viride lalu dimurnikan, dan metode eksperimen melakukan uji antagonis jamur Trichoderma viride terhadap Alternaria porri dengan dua perlakuan media PDA pH 4,8 yamg diaamati selama 3 hari dan pH 7 yang diamati selama 4 hari. Hasil persentase daya hambat pada hari ke 1,2,3 yaitu 9%, 34,2% dan 35% (pH 4,8), dan hasil persentase daya hambat hari ke 1,2,3 dan 4 yaitu 1,9%, 29,9%, 35% dan 39,4% (pH 7). Hal ini diketahui bahwa hasil terakhir persentase daya hambat 35% (pH 4,8) dan 39,4% (pH 7). Mekanisme Penghambatan Jamur Trichoderma viride dalam menghambat jamur Alternaria porri melalui tahap antibiosis, parasitisme dan lisis.
Kata kunci: Trichoderma viride, Alternaria porri, tanaman bawang merah, pH 4,8 dan pH 7.
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Wahyuni, Siti Hardianti, and Dini Puspita Yanti Nst. "Pengaruh Kombinasi Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Organik yang Didekomposisi dengan Trichoderma Viride Terhadap Intensitas Kerusakan Bonggol Tanaman Pisang." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i3.3197.
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Pengaruh kombinasi berbagai pupuk organic yang didekomposisi dengan Trichoderma viride terhadap intensitas kerusakan bonggol tanaman pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi jenis bahan organik dalam menekan intensitas kerusakan bonggol tanaman pisang terhadap Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. cubense (Foc). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Graha Nusantara Padangsidimpuan, mulai Februari sampai bulan Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah kombinasi berbagai bahan organik sebagai berikut : (a) Kotoran ayam dan jerami didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (b) Kotoran sapi dan jerami didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (c) Kotoran ayam dan kotoran sapi didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (d) Kotoran sapi, kotoran ayam dan jerami didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (e) Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas kerusakan bonggol terendah yaitu pada perlakuan SAJ (menggunakan bahan organic kotoran sapi, kotoran ayam dan jerami) sebesar 0,42 %.
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Lesmana, Andrik, Ning Iriyanti, and Titin Widiyastuti. "KADAR NDF DAN ADF KULIT BUAH KAKAO YANG DIFERMENTASI SECARA BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDF and ADF Levels of Cocoa Pod Husk Gradually Fermented Using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan 8, no. 2 (July 28, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jitp.v8i2.6825.
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The research aimed to examine the effect of gradual fermentation using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its most optimal level of use on lowering NDF and ADF levels of cocoa pod husks. The experiment was conducted experimentally according to a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were R0: cocoa pod husks without fermentation, R1: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 4% and S. cerevisiae 4%), R2: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 8% and S. cerevisiae 8%), R3: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 12% and S. cerevisiae 12%). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the gradual fermentation using T. viride and S. cerevisiae was highly significant in reducing levels of NDF and ADF of cocoa pod husks, following the equation Y = 78.926 – 0.087X – 0.092 X2 + 0.007 X3, (R2) = 93.4% and Y = 75.274 – 5.698X + 1.277 X2 – 0.073 X3, (R2) = 99.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal level of using T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husk was 9.21%, which can reduce the NDF level as much as 3.98%, while the optimal level of using T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husks was 3.01%, which can decrease the ADF level as much as 10.01%.
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Shubakov, A. А., V. V. Volodin, S. О. Volodina, and V. V. Martynov. "Step-by-step selection of highly productive cellulase activity colonies fungus Тrichoderma viride." Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 5 (2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-5-72-77.
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The paper presents the results of the stepwise selection of highly productive by cellulase activity colonies of the fungus Trichoderma viride ARCIM 13/10 (F-120). To obtain and select T. viride 13/10 colonies, dense nutrient media were used, in which the carbon sources were soluble substrates (2 % sucrose, 2 % sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose) and in-soluble, hardly hydrolyzeble substrates (Whatman No. 1 filter paper and cellulose produced by JSC «Mondi Syktyvkar Timber Industry Complex»). Cellulase activity of T. viride 13/10 col¬onies was assessed by saccharification of filter paper. As a result of the selection of the T. viride 13/10 strain carried out according to the scheme developed by us, it was possible to in¬crease the cellulase activity of the strain in comparison with its initial activity by 6,2–7,0 times. Further selection, especially with the use of mutagenic factors, can further increase the level of cellulase synthesis by the culture of the fungus T. viride.
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Putra, Dharma Pebruariawan, Wuryanti Wuryanti, and Sriatun Sriatun. "Pengaruh Penambahan Biotin terhadap Produksi Kitinase dari Trichoderma Viride FNCC 6013." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.17.1.6-11.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan biotin terhadap produksi kitinase yang diisolasi dari Trichoderma viride FNCC 6013. Kitinase merupakan enzim yang menghidrolisis kitin menjadi gula sederhana seperti N-asetilglukosamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kitinase yang diisolasi dari Trichoderma viride FNCC 6013, mengkaji pengaruh penambahan biotin terhadap pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride FNCC 6013 dan produksi kitinase, mendapatkan informasi karakter kitinase hasil isolasi. Media untuk kurva pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride FNCC 6013 dan produksi kitinase dibuat variasi dengan variasi penambahan biotin 0,1 mg/mL dan 0,3 mg/mL serta tanpa penambahan biotin. Selanjutnya kitinase dimurnikan dengan fraksinasi amonium sulfat dan dialisis kemudian diuji aktivitas dan karakternya. Pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride FNCC 6013 dan produksi kitinase meningkat dengan adanya biotin namun tidak signifikan. pH dan suhu optimum kitinase yang diproduksi dari media tanpa penambahan biotin, dengan penambahan biotin 0,1 mg/mL dan 0,3 mg/mL berturut-turut adalah pada pH = 3,6; 4,2 dan 4,2 serta suhu 27,5°C, 29°C dan 29°C.
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Mendes, Cecili B., Paul Delaney, James M. Turbeville, Terra Hiebert, and Svetlana Maslakova. "Redescription of Emplectonema viride – a ubiquitous intertidal hoplonemertean found along the West Coast of North America." ZooKeys 1031 (April 14, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.59361.
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Emplectonema viride Stimpson, 1857, a barnacle predator, is one of the most common and conspicuous intertidal nemerteans found along the West Coast of North America from Alaska to California, but it is currently referred to by the wrong name. Briefly described without designation of type material or illustrations, the species was synonymized with the Atlantic look-alike, Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837) by Coe. Here we present morphological and molecular evidence that E. viride is distinct from E. gracile. The two species exhibit differences in color of live specimens and egg size and are clearly differentiated with species delimitation analyses based on sequences of the partial regions of the 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. In order to improve nomenclatural stability, we re-describe E. viride based on specimens from the southern coast of Oregon and discuss which species should be the type species of the genus. Emplectonema viride was one of the two species originally included in the genus Emplectonema Stimpson, 1857, but subsequent synonymization of E. viride with E. gracile resulted in acceptance of the Atlantic species, E. gracile, as the type species of the genus. We resurrect E. viride Stimpson, 1857 and following Corrêa’s designation, this should be the type species of the genus Emplectonema.
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Bhusal, N. R., B. Acharya, A. R. Devkota, and J. Shrestha. "Field Evaluation of Trichoderma viride for the Management of Rice Leaf Blast Disease in Pyuthan District, Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 35, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22554.
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A field experiment was conducted at Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (Zone office), Bijuwar, Pyuthan from 18th April, 2017 to 12nd September, 2017 to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma viride in the management of leaf blast diseases of rainy season rice under field conditions. The experiment was laid out in two factors factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. The treatment consisted of two varieties of rice of which one is improved and resistant to blast disease (Sabitri) and another is local (Radha 7) and two rates of Trichoderma viride (5 ml/lit. and 0 ml/lit.). The leaf blast disease was scored three times using the disease rating scale 0-9 given by IRRI, 2002 from 75 DAT to 85 DAT at 5 days interval. The disease incidence, severity and AUDPC value were calculated and analyzed by using RSTAT. The variety factor and Trichoderma viride factor varied significantly for leaf blast incidence, severity and AUDPC, however, the interaction of variety and Trichoderma viride factor varied significantly only in AUDPC value. Disease incidence, severity and AUDPC were found least in Sabitri in comparison to Radha 7. T. viride had significant role in reducing the disease incidence, severity and AUDPC value. The interaction of Sabitri and Trichoderma viride treatment was found best with the mean AUDPC value being the least 3.228. So, the application of Trichoderma viride was found efficient for leaf blast management and it is more effective when applied along with an improved and resistant variety.
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MULLIGAN, GERALD A., and DEREK B. MUNRO. "THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 77.Veratrum viride Ait." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-105.
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This paper provides a summary of biological data on Veratrum viride Ait., false hellebore. It is a herbaceous perennial, native to wet habitats in North America. Subspecies viride occurs primarily in eastern Canada and subspecies eschscholtzii (A. Gray) Löve and Löve in the west. Both subspecies have the chromosome number of n = 16, 2n = 32. Ingested material of false hellebore is poisonous to humans and livestock.Key words: False hellebore, Veratrum viride Ait., weed biology
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Hosen, Md Delwar, and Shamim Shamsi. "In Vitro Antagonism of Trichoderma Verede and Aspergillus Spp. against a Pathogenic Seed Borne Fungus of Sesame." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 43, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v43i1.42229.
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Four soil fungi were isolated from the soil by serial dilution and were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tieghem and Trichoderma viride Pers. The soil fungi were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potential against seed borne fungus Fusarium merismoides isolated from sesame. In dual culture colony interaction Trichoderma viride showed the highest (45.88%) growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides followed by A. niger (40.00%), A. flavus (36.37) and A. fumigatus (30.77%). Volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (67.69%) and non-volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (75.00%).
Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 17-23, 2019
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Susiana, Purwantisari, Priyatmojo Achmadi, P. Sancayaningsih Retno, S. Kasiamdari Rina, and Budihardjo Kadarwati. "The Resistance of Potatoes by Application of Trichoderma viride Antagonists Fungus." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 06014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187306014.
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Leaf blight disease caused by pathogenic fungus Phytophthora infestans is the major disease in potato that can reduce its production up to 100%. The use of biological agent Trichoderma viride as an inducing potato resistance against leaf blight disease has been considered potential method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of biological agent Trichoderma viride in inducing potato plant resistance. The parameters observed were the growth of the potato plant and leaf blight intensity. Experimental research with complete randomized design with 6 treatments was applied. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma viride could reduce the intensity of leaf blight disease and increase the growth of the potato plant. Trichoderma viride application could improve the systemic resistance of potato plants.
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Yasmin, Zuhra, and Shamim Shamsi. "Antagonistic potential of soil fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc., the causal agent of anthracnose of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v28i2.46509.
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Four antagonistic fungi Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. were isolated from field soil of Rauwolfia serpentina by serial dilution method and selected to evaluate their antagonistic potentiality against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc, the causal agent of anthracnose of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz following dual culture colony interaction, volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In dual culture method Trichoderma viride showed maximum (84.28%) inhibition of test fungi followed by Aspergillus niger (77.39%), A. fumigatus (43.71%) and A. flavus (29.32%). Volatile metabolites of T. viride showed higher (77.64%) inhibition of test fungi followed by A. flavus (75.58%), A. fumigatus (60.88%) and A. niger (58.23%). Non-volatile metabolites of antagonistic fungi showed that A. flavus showed (94.42%) inhibition of test fungus followed by T. viride (90.90%), A. niger (86.13%) and A. fumigatus (73.73%). Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and T. viride may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease of R. serpentina.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(2): 219-226, 2019 (July)
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Lannur, Gefi Zulmiati, Yenni Liswarni, and Martinius Martinius. "Kemampuan Trichoderma viride Isolat PP2 dalam Mengendalikan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) secara In-Planta." JPT: JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN (JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION) 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jpt.5.2.69-76.2021.
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The culture filtrate is a secondary metabolite produced from the multiplication of fungi in a liquid medium during the incubation period, separated between the fungal cell and their supernatants. Trichoderma viride culture filtrate testing has been widely carried out and used as a biocontrol agent. This study aimed to determine the ability of Trichoderma viride PP2 culture filtrate concentration in suppressing anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides on the red chili pepper. The study was conducted with a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and five replications. The treatments were the concentration of T. viride PP2 culture filtrate, i.e., 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Parameters observed were incubation period, percentage of infected, and infected intensity. The results showed that the application of filtrate of T. viride isolate PP2 with different concentrations has not been able to suppress the development of anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides in-planta. It is necessary to conduct further research on the effect of temperature and time application on suppressing the filtrate of T. viride isolate PP2.
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Vian Dwi Chalisty. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MOLASES, LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM, TRICHODERMA VIRIDE, DAN CAMPURANNYA TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA SILASE TOTAL CAMPURAN HIJAUAN." JURNAL SAINS PETERNAKAN NUSANTARA 1, no. 01 (June 5, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53863/jspn.v1i01.187.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan molases, Lactobacillus plantarum, Trichoderma viride, dan campurannya terhadap komposisi kimia silase total campuran hijauan. Penambahan molases sebanyak 4% (w/w), L. plantarum sebanyak 0,1% (v/w), dan T. viride sebanyak 0,1% (v/w). Setiap perlakuan dibuat 3 kali ulangan kemudian difermentasi selama 21 hari secara anaerobik. Variabel yang diamati adalah kandungan bahan kering, bahan organik, protein kasar, serat kasar, lemak kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan rancangan variabel secara Completely Randomized Designs pola searah. Apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata karena perlakuan, dilanjutkan dengan uji rata-rata antar dua perlakuan dengan uji Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Penambahan molases saja maupun campuran molases dan L. plantarum/ T. viride tidak berpengaruh pada kandungan bahan kering dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (P>0,05). Silase total campuran hijauan dengan penambahan L. plantarum, T. viride maupun campuran keduanya memiliki kandungan protein kasar yang rendah. Penambahan campuran molases dan T. viride menunjukkan kandungan serat kasar paling rendah sebesar 28,65% BK. Kandungan lemak kasar dengan penambahan campuran molases dan L. plantarum, campuran molases dan T. viride, serta campuran ketiganya menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi (P<0,05). Penambahan molases atau sumber karbohidrat mudah larut merupakan suatu keharusan untuk menghasilkan silase total campuran hijauan yang baik, ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kandungan protein kasar, menekan kehilangan bahan kering dan bahan organik serta menurunkan kandungan serat kasar.
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Patel, Monika, and Sanjeev Kumar. "The Evaluation of Trichoderma consortia against Fusarium udum causing wilt of Pigeonpea." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2656.
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Pigeonpea is one of the important pulse crop of Madhya Pradesh, a State of India. The plant gets infected by the pathogen Fusarium udum causing wilt disease, which is one of the major constraints in the production and productivity of pigeonpea. The present study aimed to carry out in vitro condition to assess the possible use of biocontrol consortia in field conditions. Six Trichoderma consortia viz., T1- T. viride + T. harzianum (JC-I), T2- T. viride + T. virens (JC-2), T3:- T. harzianum +T. virens (JC-3), T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4), T5- T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5), T6- T. hamatum + T. virens (JC-6) and T0- Control were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against F. udumunder in vitro conditions. The consortia of T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) was found most effective(58.82 %) in inhibiting the radial growth of Fusarium udum. The volatile compound from consortium of T5-T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5) exhibited maximum growth inhibition (81.84%) and sporulation of Fusarium udum followed by T1-T. viride + T. harzianum (JC-I) (55.49% inhibition) . The culture filtrate of consortia of T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) showed 100% inhibition of test pathogen followed by T5-T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5) (82.89%) at 5 % concentration. It was also observed that with an increase in the concentration of culture filtrates of all the Trichoderma species, the radial mycelial growth of the test pathogen was proportionally decreased. The Trichodema consortium viz., T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) may be tried in the field to manage wilt of pigeonpea because they worked synergistically and gave the high impact of their use.
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Lin, Suwen, Lokanadha Rao Gunupuru, Raphael Ofoe, Roksana Saleh, Samuel Kwaku Asiedu, Raymond H. Thomas, and Lord Abbey. "Mineralization and nutrient release pattern of vermicast-sawdust mixed media with or without addition of Trichoderma viride." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): e0254188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254188.
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A combination of vermicast and sawdust mixed medium is commonly used in horticulture, but the added benefit of microbial inoculation and mechanism of nutrient availability are unknown. This study was done to determine nutrient mineralization and nutrient release patterns of different combinations or a mix of vermicast-sawdust growing media amended with or without Trichoderma viride (105 spores/g). The mixed-media treatments were (1) 80% vermicast+20% sawdust; (2) 60% vermicast+40% sawdust; (3) 40% vermicast+60% sawdust; (4) 20% vermicast+80% sawdust; and (5) sawdust alone (control). Total dissolved solids, electric conductivity and salinity increased with each sampling time following submergence in deionized. Nutrients released from media without T. viride were significantly higher than the corresponding media with added T. viride. Overall, the starting total nitrogen of the different media did not change during the incubation period, but nitrate-nitrogen was reduced to a negligible amount by the end of day 30 of incubation. A repeated measures analysis showed a significant effect of Time*T. viride*Treatment on total dissolved solids. Redundancy analysis demonstrated a positive and strong association between media composed of ≥40% vermicast and ≤60% sawdust with or without T. viride and mineral nutrients released, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and salinity. These findings suggest that fast-growing plants may benefit from 40% to 60% vermicast added to 40% to 60% sawdust without T. viride while slow-growing plants can benefit from the same mixed medium combined with the addition of T. viride. Further investigation is underway to assess microbial dynamics in the mixed media and their influence on plant growth.
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Upadhyay, Ram S., Luisa Visintin, and R. K. Jayaswal. "Environmental factors affecting the antagonism of Pseudomonas cepacia against Trichoderma viride." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-152.
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Antagonistic activity of the bacterium Pseudomonas cepacia against Trichoderma viride was greatly influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions. Xylose and trehalose strongly enhanced the antifungal activity of P. cepacia, whereas mannitol and glucose had little effect. The carbon sources that enhanced the antagonistic activity also inhibited sporulation of T. viride. Antagonism of P. cepacia was enhanced by ammonium nitrogen; however, with nitrite or nitrate there was only a little antagonism. The antagonism of P. cepacia was optimal at pH 5.0. Although P. cepacia showed maximum antagonism against T. viride at 37 °C, the antagonism was fairly good at temperatures as low as 18 °C, indicating that there is a broad range of temperature for the antifungal activity of P. cepacia. Key words: antagonism, environmental factors, Pseudomonas cepacia, Trichoderma viride.
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Romero, V., L. Aragón, A. Casas, and W. Apaza. "Eficiencia de Trichoderma viride como un agente biocontrolador para Phytophthora capsici en Pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.)." Peruvian Journal of Agronomy 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i3.1975.
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Phytophthora capsici es uno de los patógenos más devastadores que limita la producción de paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) en el Mundo. Asimismo, Trichoderma destaca como agente biocontrolador por su efecto antagonista, inductor de resistencia, estimulador de crecimiento, etc. El presente trabajo evaluó la eficacia de T. viride como controlador biológico para P. capsici en páprika bajo tres métodos de siembra (directa, plantín y raíz desnuda). Se instalaron doce tratamientos bajo condiciones de invernadero, incluyendo un testigo (sin inóculo) y se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial. La inoculación de T. viride se llevó a cabo a los 40 días posterior a la siembra a una concentración de 106 conidias ml-1, mientras que la inoculación de P. capsici se realizó a los 50 días posterior a la siembra empleándose tres granos de trigo colonizados por planta. El método de inoculación de T. viride en la siembra directa y plantín se hizo vía drench y en la siembra a raíz desnuda se realizó por inmersión de la plántula durante 5 minutos previo al transplante. Luego se realizó la correlación entre los métodos de siembra y P. capsici, y la interacción entre T. viride y los métodos de siembra. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor eficacia de T. viride como de P. capsici se registró en los métodos de siembra plantín y raíz desnuda; la correlación entre el método de siembra y la pudrición radicular fue menor en la siembra a raíz desnuda (74 % severidad). En los otros tratamientos (directa y plantín) el 100 % de plantas murieron; finalmente, el efecto de T. viride como inductor de crecimiento no se evidenció en ninguno de los tratamientos. Con respecto al ABCPE, el método de siembra directa mostró mayor incidencia; el menor valor de la interacción T. viride y P. capsici fue obtenido en el método de siembra raíz desnuda.
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Makal, Henny V. G., Max M. Ratulangi, and Denny S. Sualang. "Exploration and Identification Trichoderma spp. as a Biological Control Agents to Plant Pathogens and Starter Making Biological Fertilizers." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 1 (2020): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130127.
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The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2) inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3) calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.
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Nurbailis, Martinius, and H. Adriansyah. "COLONIZATION CAPABILITY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE (T1SK) ON SEVERAL BANANA CULTIVAR ROOTS AND ITS EFFECT AGAINST DEVELOPMENT OF FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE AND PLANT GROWTH." Journal of Biopesticides 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.196-203.
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Fusarium wilt desease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence (Foc) one the important desease on banana around the world. The purpose of this research was to recognize surface and endophytic colonization capability of Trichoderma viride (T1sk) on several banana cultivar roots and its effect against Fusarium wilt disease and increasing banana seedling growth. The experiment was divided into 2 parts that were colonization effect against Fusarium wilt disease development and colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on roots of several banana cultivars. The parameters observed were: 1) surface and endophytic colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on various banana seedling roots, 2) incubation period, 3) percentage of symptomatic leaves, 4) increase of leaves amount, 5) increase of plant height, 6) Stem circle and 7)dry weight of banana seedling biomass. The result showed that highest surface colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) found in Barangan and Kepok cultivars and endophyte colonization found in Kepok cultivar. The surface colonization capability of T viride (T1sk) on the roots of Barangan and kepok reached 93, 33% and the ability of being endophyte 43, 33% and 38, 33% could reduce Fusarium wilt disease on banana seedling and increase seedling growth.
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Sun, Xiang, You-Sheng Cai, Yujie Yuan, Guangkai Bian, Ziling Ye, Zixin Deng, and Tiangang Liu. "Genome mining in Trichoderma viride J1-030: discovery and identification of novel sesquiterpene synthase and its products." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (August 28, 2019): 2052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.202.
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Sesquiterpene synthases in Trichoderma viride have been seldom studied, despite the efficiency of filamentous fungi for terpenoid production. Using the farnesyl diphosphate-overexpressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform to produce diverse terpenoids, we herein identified an unknown sesquiterpene synthase from T. viride by genome mining and determined the structure of its corresponding products. One new 5/6 bicyclic sesquiterpene and its esterified derivative were characterised by GC–MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-identified sesquiterpene synthase from T. viride to date.
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Setyani, Wirnia Sinar, Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono, and Nies Suci Mulyani. "Uji Aktivitas Trichoderma Viride dalam Hidrolisis Selulosa Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) dengan Variasi Temperatur dan Waktu Inkubasi." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.14.1.12-16.
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Telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan variasi temperatur dan waktu inkubasi untuk memperoleh temperatur dan waktu inkubasi optimum. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada kemampuan enzim selulase yang dihasilkan untuk memecah ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa dalam eceng gondok dan diamati berdasarkan banyaknya glukosa yang dihasilkan sebagai hasil reaksi hidrolisis. Hasil pengujian aktivitas Trichoderma viride menunjukkan bahwa kadar glukosa paling tinggi diperoleh pada temperatur 35oC dan waktu inkubasi optimum dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.
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Betina, V. "Photoinduced conidiation inTrichoderma viride." Folia Microbiologica 40, no. 3 (May 1995): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02814196.
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Safari, Wulan Fitriani, and Mohamad Syafaat. "Effect of Pretreatment and Composition of Trichoderma Viride and Zymomonas Mobilis Consortium on Bioethanol Production from Leaf Litter." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47007/ijobb.v6i2.134.
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Bioethanol is an alternative biofuel that is widely produced in bulk to replace and complement petroleum-based fuels. Bioethanol is produced through the alcoholic fermentation of sucrose or simple sugars. One of the potential source for bioethanol production that has not been studied is leaf litter. Various studies have shown that T. viride and Z. mobilis can be used for bioethanol production, but there has been no report on the production of bioethanol from leaf litter using a consortium of T. viride and Z. mobilis using the SSF method. This study aims to examine the effect of pretreatment and composition of the consortium of T. viride and Z. mobilis on the production of bioethanol from leaf litter. Leaf litter was dried and mashed, then pretreatment was carried out with 32% NH3 solution. The bioethanol production process using the SSF method uses a consortium of T. viride and Z. mobilis with a composition of 5%: 5%, 10%: 5%, 5%: 10% and 10%: 10% (w/v). SSF was carried out for 72 hours at a temperature of 35oC and pH 5. The bioethanol was purified by distillation and the ethanol content was tested with GCMS. Higher levels of bioethanol were found in leaf litter with pretreatment than without pretreatment. The highest ethanol content (0.6721%) was obtained from SSF with consortium composition of T. viride : Z. mobilis (10% : 10%) from leaf litter with pretreatment. Pretreatment and composition of the consortium T. viride and Z. mobilis affect the production of bioethanol from leaf litter.
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Ivayani, Ivayani, Cipta Ginting, Yusnita Yusnita, and Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati. "EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND TRICHODERMA VIRIDE FROM SUPPRESIVE SOIL TO CONTROL FUSARIUM WILT ON BANANA PLANT." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 18, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.218119-126.
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Effectiveness of the application of organic matter and Trichoderma viride from suppresive soil to control fusarium wilt on banana plant. Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is one of the problems in banana production. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma viride isolated from suppresive soil and organic matter on controlling fusarium wilt on banana plant. The efficcacy trial consisted of 12 treatments and four replications within each treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 plants. Organic matters used were rice straw, cassava peel, and compost. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by orthogonal analysis (P≤0.05). Application of T. viride suppressed disease incident up to 65%. The highest disease incident occurred in plants treated without T. viride and organic matter and in plants treated with organic matter only (78.33%). Disease incidence in plants treated with T.viride was lower than those treated with the combination of T. viride and organic matter. Different application times (in nursery or soil medium) did not significantly affect fusarium wilt incidence. The type of organic matter did not significantly affect the incidence and severity of fusarium wilt.
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Coventry, E., R. Noble, A. Mead, F. R. Marin, J. A. Perez, and J. M. Whipps. "Allium White Rot Suppression with Composts and Trichoderma viride in Relation to Sclerotia Viability." Phytopathology® 96, no. 9 (September 2006): 1009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-1009.
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Allium white rot (AWR) is a serious disease of Allium spp. caused by the sclerotium-forming fungus Sclerotium cepivorum. This work has examined the effects of onion waste compost (OWC) and spent mushroom compost (SMC), with and without Trichoderma viride S17A, on sclerotia viability and AWR in glasshouse and field experiments. Incorporation of OWC into soil reduced the viability of sclerotia and the incidence of AWR on onion plants in glasshouse pot bioassays, whereas SMC or T. viride S17A only reduced incidence of AWR. In two field trials, OWC reduced sclerotia viability and was as effective in reducing AWR as a fungicide (Folicur, a.i. tebuconazole). Field application of SMC had no effect on sclerotia viability and did not control AWR. However, the addition of T. viride S17A to SMC facilitated proliferation of T. viride S17A in the soil and increased the healthy onion bulb yield. The results indicate two mechanisms for the suppression of AWR: (i) reduction in the soil population of viable sclerotia, which may be due to volatile sulfur compounds detected in OWC but absent in SMC, and (ii) prevention of infection of onion plants from sclerotia following amendment of soil with OWC, SMC, or T. viride S17A.
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Rajeswari, P., and Rupam Kapoor. "Combined Application of Different Species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum for the Control of Fusarium wiltDisease in Arachis hypogea. L." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2557.
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ABSTRACT: Fusarium oxysporum causes Fusarium wilt of crop plants leads to considerable yield loss. The study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of combining Trichoderma species and Pseudomonas fluorescens i.e Trichodema viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), Trichoderma harzianum+Pseudomonas fluorescens (Th+Pf) (1.5+2%), Trichoderma viride +Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%) on the activity of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum to control Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L wilt in vitro. The activity of 1,4 -β – Endoglucanase, 1,4 -β – Exoglucanase, Cellobiases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymes was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, disease suppression of Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was considerably better as compared to other two strains. At the same time the other two combinations resulted in enhanced disease suppression as compared to single strains. This indicates that the potential benefits of using combination treatments to suppress Fusarium wilt. The study suggests the significance of interactive effects of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas in biocontrol of wilt disease.
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Banerjee, S., S. Pal, S. , Mukherjee, D. Podder, A. Mukherjee, A. Nandi, P. Debnath, P. K. Sur, and S. K. Ghosh. "CELLULAR ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY TRICHODERMA SPP. DURING IN VITRO INTERACTION AND CONTROL OF WHITE MUSCARDINE (BEAUVERIA BASSIANA) AND GREEN MUSCARDINE (METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE) DISEASE OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI." Journal of Biopesticides 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.104-112.
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The silkworm is the larva of the domesticated silk moth, Bombyx mori. It is an economically important insect, being a primary producer of silk in sericulture industry. Among the silkworm diseases, white muscardine and green muscardine caused by Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae respectively possess a major threat to silk cocoon production. White muscardine is more common during rainy and winter seasons whereas green muscardine has its profound effect during hot and humid spells. Both these fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae can be used as biopesticides to control a number of pests such as termites, whiteflies, and many other insects from larvae to adult stages. In this paper in vitro biological control of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and cellular abnormalities induced by the application of two strains (T12 and T13) of Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma spp. were studied, where T. viride T 12 (80.52%) provides maximum in vitro control of B. bassiana followed by T. harzianum (71.88%), Trichoderma spp. (68.16%) and T. viride T13 (62.89%). Against M. anisopliae, T. harzianum provides maximum in vitro control (68.02%), followed by T. viride T13 (64.68%), T. viride T12 (59.47%) and Trichoderma sp. (57.98%). During the interaction of pathogens and biocontrol agents hyphal coiling, granulation, distortion, vacuolation and bulging were recorded.
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Rarumangkay, Jeni. "PENGARUH FERMENTASI ISI RUMEN SAPI DENGAN Trichoderma viride TERHADAP ENERGI METABOLIS PADA AYAM BROILER." ZOOTEC 35, no. 2 (July 15, 2015): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.35.2.2015.8569.
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THE EFFECT OF DRIED COW RUMEN FERMENTATION WITH TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ON METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF BROILER. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the metabolizable energy of dried cow rumen. The experiment use dried cow rumen and dried cow rumen fermented Trichoderma viride during 9 days with 0,3% inoculum dose. The experiment use 18 six weeks old male broiler metabolizable energy parameter were analyzed with Wilcoxon test. The result of this experiment showed fermentation with Trichoderma viride could increase the metabolizable energy of dried cow rumen. Key word : Fermentation of dried cow rumen, broiler, metabolizable energy
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Samsudin, Samsudin, Rita Harni, and Efi Taufik. "The Effectiveness of Trichoderma Viride TNU in Inhibiting Infection of Phytophthora Palmivora on Cocoa." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v5n1.2018.p39-48.
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<p>Phytophthora palmivora<em> is a pathogen</em><em>ic fungus</em><em> that causes pod rot and stem cancer in cacao plant. This pathogen was difficult to control because it survives in the form of mycelium and chlamydospores in infected plant parts or in soil. </em>Trichoderma viride<em> is expected to inhibit the growth and development of this pathogen. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of </em>T. viride<em> in inhibiting </em>P. palmivora<em> infection on cacao, conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory and Greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi from March to December 2014. The </em>T. viride<em> TNU isolates used was purified and propagated in the laboratory. The </em>T. viride<em> inhibition against </em>P. palmivora<em> growth and development was tested in vitro on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) and in vivo on infected cacao pods and seedlings. The parameters observed were percentage of inhibition on PDA and the disease progression on infected pods and seedlings. The results showed that </em>T. viride<em> inhibited the growth of </em>P. palmivora<em> with inhibition percentage up to 68.60%, a strong antagonist for </em>P. palmivora<em> on PDA and reduced </em>P. palmivora<em> infection on seedlings in the greenhouse. Applications of </em>T. viride<em> 3 days before or after inoculation with </em>P. palmivora<em> was able to protect cacao seedlings in polybags, respectively by 60% and 45%. However, </em>T. viride<em> has not been able to hinder the development of pod rot disease on cacao.</em><em></em></p>
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Mahmud, Yusmar, Zen Molish Purba, and Ahmad Darmawi. "Aplikasi Trichoderma viride menekan perkembangan Ganoderma boninense di main nursery kelapa sawit media gambut." Jurnal Agro 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/7143.
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Pembibitan kelapa sawit sering terkendala akibat pengelolaannya belum optimal, sehingga mempengaruhi produksi kelapa sawit. Salah satu kendala kelapa sawit adalah penyakit busuk pangkal batang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense. Pengendalian penyakit busuk pangkal batang diperlukan teknik yang tepat terutama pengendalian yang bersifat ramah lingkungan, seperti Trichoderma viride. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan antagonisme jamur Trichoderma viride untuk menekan perkembangan Ganoderma boninense secara in vitro dan bibit tanaman kelapa sawit umur 7-9 bulan (main nursery). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2019 – Maret 2019 di Laboratorium Patologi, Entomologi dan Mikrobiologi dan di Lahan Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi 25 g Trichoderma viride mampu menurunkan intensitas serangan Ganoderma boninense menjadi 22,90%. Sehingga pemberian dosis 25 g merupakan dosis yang efektif untuk menurunkan intensitas serangan Ganoderma boninense pada kelapa sawit umur 7-9 bulan (main nursery). Elais guienensis Jacq seedlings in nursery main are often constrained due to less optimal management, affecting the oil palm production. One that opposes oil palm is a rotten disease caused by Ganoderma boninense. Control of stem rot disease requires appropriate suspended technique which is environmentally friendly, such as Trichoderma viride application. Trichoderma viride was applied to supress the development of Ganoderma boninense in in vitro and Elais guienensis Jacq seedlings aged 7-9 months (main nursery). This research was conducted in January - March 2019 at Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology Laboratory and at Experimental Field of Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. This research method used a non factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The result proved that the application of 25 g of Trichoderma viride could supress up to 22.90% the development of Ganoderma boninense. Therefore dose of 25 g T. viride is more effective against Ganoderma boninense pathogen attack for Elais guienensis Jacq aged 7-9 months in main nursery.
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Muhibuddin, Anton, Endah Mulyaningtyas Setiyowati, and Antok Wahyu Sektiono. "MECHANISM ANTAGONISM of Trichoderma viride AGAINST SEVERAL TYPES of PATHOGENS and PRODUCTION of SECONDARY METABOLITES." AGROSAINTIFIKA 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/agrosaintifika.v4i1.2375.
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Biological control agents using antagonistic fungi have the ability to inhibit the development of disease-causing pathogens by various mechanisms such as competition for space and nutrients, antibiosis by producing antibiotics in the form of chemical compounds, and parasitism by entangling pathogenic hyphae. Antibiotic mechanism is a condition in which an organism secretes one or more metabolites that have a negative effect on other organisms. One of the fungi that has the ability as an antibiosis is Trichoderma viride, where this fungus secretes secondary metabolites in the form of a viridiol phytotoxin compound. This study conducted to determine the antagonist mechanism of the fungus T. viride in suppressing the growth of Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii which causes disease in some cultivated plants, as well as what compounds T. viride possesses in suppressing the growth of other pathogens. This research was carried out at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University from November 2020 to August 2021. The research was conducted using Trichoderma viride as antagonist fungus and Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii as pathogenic fungi. This research consisted of 3 stages, the first stage was rejuvenation and macroscopic and microscopic characterization of pathogenic fungi and antagonist fungi. The second stage is the in vitro antagonist test using the dual culture method using a completely randomized design with 6 replications. The third stage is the phytochemical test of secondary metabolites using 5 test, namely terpenoid and steroid test, the alkaloid test, the flavonoids test, the tannin test, and the saponin test. The results showed that T. viride had an inhibitory ability >50% against four types of pathogens. The mechanism of T. viride antagonist against four treatments, three treatments belonged to the competition mechanism and one treatment belonged to the microparasite mechanism. The content of secondary metabolites of T. viride are steroids and alkaloids.
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Yan, Li, Fei-yang Zeng, Kun Zang, Zhang-jing Chen, and Ya-fang Lei. "Investigation on the attack of Trichoderma viride on wheat straw composites manufactured with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate." BioResources 14, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 6004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6004-6014.
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Trichoderma viride can infect wheat straw composites (WSC), thus affecting the quality of boards. This study investigated the change in color of the composite and its chemical composition after the straw was infested with mold with for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze chemical structural changes in the WSC after the infestation. The infested surface and core layers were examined and analyzed. The infection of T. viride on the WSC can darken its color. After 12 weeks of cultural infestation, 19.6% of cellulose, 27.2% of xylan, 9.3% of lignin, and 31.9% of ethanol extracts were degraded. The degradation on WSC by T. viride was 9 times and 14 times more than the degradations of pine and poplar wood, respectively. T. viride attacked WSB differently on its surface and center layers. More lignin in the WSB surface layer was degraded. In contrast, cellulose and xylan were degraded to a greater degree in the center.
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Purwati, Catur Suci, and Ludfia Windyasmara. "FERMENTASI BIJI KECIPIR (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) OLEH JAMUR TRICHODERMA VIRIDE TERHADAP WARNA, TEKSTUR, DAN SERAT KASAR." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) 9, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jipvet.v9i1.2.
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The fermentation process is an activity of microorganisms that make products with characteristics of texture, flavor, aroma and changes in nutrient quality that better than the original raw material. It is also protein process of developing of protein from the material. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments. P0 = Unfermented winged seeds, P1 = Winged seeds + 0,1% Trichoderma viride mushroom (Tv), P2 = Winged seeds + 0,2% Trichoderma viride mushroom (Tv), P3 = Winged seeds + 0,3% Trichoderma viride mushroom (Tv). The material used was crushed winged seeds as substrates that mixed to be homogenized. One hundred gr of each sample from every treatment was weighed, put into a perforated plastic bag (to create anaerobic atmosphere) with 2 cm thick. Subsequently, samples were incubated in fermented room at 30oC for 7 days. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Variables observed in color, texture and coarse fiber. This study indicated that the winged fermented beans with Trichoderma viride mushroom had no effect on color, effected crude fiber and texture.
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Shamoli, FA, A. Khair, M. Bhadra, MA Hossain, and MM Sikder. "Symptomatology of fungal competitors on oyster mushrooms spawn packets and in vitro evaluation using phytoextracts and a fungicide." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i2.31701.
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An experiment was conducted to find out the fungal competitors and symptom studies in damaged Oyster Mushroom spawn packets at National Mushroom Development and Extension Center, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of nine fungal competitors of oyster mushroom were isolated and identified namely- Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, T. viride Pers. (Green strain), T. viride Pers. (Yellow strain), T. koningii Oudem, Mucor hiemalis Wehmer, Papulaspora byssina Hotson, Neurospora sp. Shear and B.O. Dodge., Aspergillus flavus Link., and Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. on the basis of microscopic, morphological and cultural characteristics. To produce oyster mushroom in an eco-friendly manner and to find out their antifungal potency, 23 plant species belonging to 19 families were screened out against isolated nine fungal competitors of oyster mushroom. Among 23 extracts, the maximum (44%) mycelial inhibition of T. harzianum was found due to Aegle marmelos whereas Eclipta alba showed the highest mycelial inhibition (62%) of T. viride (Green strain); in case of T. viride (Yellow strain), Cassia tora exhibited the highest mycelial inhibition (39%); Diospyros cordifolia showed the maximum mycelial inhibition (48%) of T. koningii; Curcuma longa (rhizome) gave the maximum mycelial inhibition (90%) of Neurospora sp. There were no significant effects found to control of P. byssina, B. theobromae, M. hiemalis and A. flavus due to 23 different types of botanicals tested. Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride (Green strain), T. viride (Yellow strain), T. koningii, A. flavus, Neurospora sp. and P. byssina was successfully inhibited by 30, 50 and 70 ppm of fungicide-Bavistin 50 WP but B. theobromae and M. hiemalis were not affected by Bavistin at mentioned concentration.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 24-30, December, 2016
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Ojha, Suprakash, Manoranjan Chakraborty, and Narayan Chandra Chatterjee. "Antagonistic potentials of Trichoderma Spp. against fruit rot of custard apple caused by Phoma ligam." Journal of Bio-Science 19 (December 19, 2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12995.
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Context: Custard-apple (Annona squamosa Linn.) is a popular tropical fruit and fruit-rot disease caused by Phoma lingam leads to considerable qualitative and quantitative damages to the fruit in the area under study. Objective: Studies were conducted to investigate the antagonistic potential of five Trichoderma spp. namely, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. lignorum, T. reesei and T. viride against in vitro growth of the pathogen followed by field experiments. Materials and Methods: Dual culture plate, closed petriplate and food poisoning technique were followed in order to ascertain the antagonistic potential of the five species of Trichoderma. Hyphal interaction between the pathogen and T. viride was studied by collecting mycelial samples from the interaction zone of dual culture plate and was processed for scanning electron microscope. Plants with infected fruits were sprayed with spore suspension of T. viride and two commercial bioformulations of T. viride viz. Trichofix and Trichoguard for three times at a dose of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% prepared in distilled water. Results: All the Trichoderma species more or less effectively inhibited the growth of the pathogen through mycoparasitism, production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) micrographs revealed that hyphal interaction between P. lingam and T. viride leads to lysis of the pathogenic mycelium by the antagonist. Field experiments with spore suspension of T. viride and Trichofix and Trichoguard significantly reduced fruit rot incidence of custard-apple. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that adoption of biocontrol based disease management programmes can be effectively utilized against similar fruit diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12995 J. bio-sci. 19: 15-21, 2011
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Domenico Prisa. "Trichoderma viride inoculated in the growing medium for the vitamin C increase in the leaves of Kalanchoe spp. and defense against Pithyum sp." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2020.5.2.0108.
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The article presents the results of research on succulents such as Kalanchoe pinnata, Kalanchoe tubiflora and Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri, aimed at improving plant growth and defense against the pathogenic fungus Pythium sp., through the use of Trichoderma viride inoculated in the medium. Objectives of the work were: 1) use Trichoderma viride to assess whether the use of this endophytic fungus can increase the growth rate of Kalanchoe pinnata, Kalanchoe tubiflora and Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri, plants generally slow in their growth cycle; 2) evaluate if using Trichoderma viride can lead to an increase in vitamin C content in the leaves of Kalanchoe spp.; 3) assess and evaluate how the use of Trichoderma viride allows greater protection of the roots from Pithyum sp. which often affects the roots of these succulents. The two experimental groups in cultivation were: i) group without Trichoderma spp., irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group with Trichoderma viride, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized. The test showed a significant increase in agronomic parameters analyzed in plants treated with Trichoderma viride. In fact, all plants treated showed a significant increase in height and number of leaves per plant, vegetative and root weight of plants, number and weight of new shoots, total number of germinated seeds/ 100 seeds sown and a significant reduction in average germination time. In addition, plants treated with Trichoderma show an increase in leaf vitamin C content, dry mass and a reduction in plant mortality due to Pythium sp. Tricoderma can also optimize the use of fertilizers and water by facilitating the cultivation of plants in certain locations subject to biotic and abiotic stress.
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GALIĆ, MILICA, MIRJANA STAJIĆ, and JASMINA ĆILERDŽIĆ. "DYNAMICS OF PRETREATED WHEAT STRAW SACCHARIFICATION BY CELLULOSOME OF Trichoderma viride." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 56, no. 9-10 (November 29, 2022): 1013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2022.56.90.
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The main goal of this study was to analyze the potential of Trichoderma viride BEOFB 1210m for cellulase production during solid-state fermentation of wheat straw pretreated with the ligninosome of a well-known white-rot delignificator – Pleurotus pulmonarius HAI 573. After only 7 days of T. viridae BEOFB 1210m cultivation on biologically pretreated wheat straw, this micromycete produced the most active xylanases, which were also the dominant enzymes, with a value of even 3730.10 U L-1. Likewise, maximal but much lower values of exocellulases (155.83 U L-1) and β-glucosidases (59.98 U L-1) were detected after the same period of fermentation. However, much higher activity of endocellulase (2439.55 U L-1) was obtained on the 10th day. The dynamics of enzyme activity was reflected on the level of substrate depolymerization. As much as 30.56% of the cellulose was degraded already on the 7th day, and that percentage did not change significantly until the end of the cultivation period. A significant loss of hemicelluloses was also measured at the beginning of the fermentation process, but it reached a maximum of approximately 50% by the 21st day. The results clearly showed that the selected T. viride strain has very good potential to synthesize highly active cellulases when grown on a cheap and available substrate, which is significant for further large-scale industrial applications.
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Fateryga, V. V., and A. V. Fateryga. "Limodorum abortivum var. viride Fateryga & Kreutz (Orchidaceae) в Крыму." Acta Biologica Sibirica 5, no. 3 (September 8, 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.i3.6357.
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Разновидность Limodorum abortivum var. viride известна из пяти локалитетов Южного берега Крыма. Все они представлены сообществами Quercus pubescens, в то время как L. abortivum var. abortivum произрастает в разных типах лесов. Limodorum abortivum var. viride отличается от номинативной разновидности более коротким, более тонким и полностью зеленым цветоносным стеблем и несколько меньшим размером цветков. В то же время, отличия по признаку густоты соцветия не подтверждены t-критерием Стьюдента. Данная разновидность сходна с описанной из Греции L. abortivum var. gracile по морфологическим параметрам и местообитанию. Однако L. abortivum var. gracile отличается от Limodorum abortivum var. viride почти белыми цветками. Предполагается, что обе разновидности сходны по причине происхождения в сходных условиях.
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Farrag, Ayman A., Mohammed H. EL-Haw, and Ahmad A. K. Al-Bokhomy. "Biochemical and Biotechnological Studies on Xylanase and β‐xylosidase Enzymes Produced by Trichoderma viride Under Solid State Fermentation." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.09.
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The current study concerns with enhancement of xylanase and β-xylosidase activities from lignocellulosic materials by soil derived fungi Trichoderma viride under solid state fermentation (SSF). Xylanase and β-xylosidase activities were found to affected by variety of factors. In this study, some agricultural wastes were selected and used as sources for carbon. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was at the forefront of these types. Also, various sources for nitrogen were selected to determine the best one. Yeast extract was the best organic source. Maximum xylanase activity took place by using inoculum size 1.8 × 105 spores / ml at 30°C when the pH was 5.5 for eight days of incubation with the addition of 0.1 % of Tween 40. Moreover, spores of Trichoderma viride were irradiated with gamma–rays. The maximum activity was observed upon using 0.7 kilo-gray (kGy). Furthermore, mixed cultures of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum (wt / wt) were enhanced xylanase degrading capability. From another standpoint, ammonium sulphate and gel filtration chromatography were the best methods for xylanase purification. Characterizations of the purified enzyme were also selected and studied. It was found that, β-xylosidase enzyme exhibited its maximum activity and stability when the pH was 6 at 40°C by the addition of CaCl2 metal ion. On the other hand, total protein contents and volatile constituents of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were separated and investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. It was found that, total protein contents for Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were represented by fifteen and sixteen amino acids respectively. Also,29 compounds of the total volatile compounds for both Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were identified. On the practical and applied field, crude enzyme was a good analyzer for agricultural residues as well showed antifungal and antibacterial effects.
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Tripathi, AK, and AK Singh. "Effects of Trichoderma viride and copper hydroxide on rhizome rot of ginger." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i1.52670.
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To assess the impact of rhizome rot disease management on growth and yield of ginger a study was carried out. Rhizome treatment with copper hydroxide resulted 86% ginger germination followed by Trichoderma viride which was 81% over local check. The results further revealed that rhizome treatment by copper hydroxide and its soil drenching effectively controlled rhizome rot disease (67%) with reduced disease incidence (4.6%) followed by Trichoderma viride which controlled the disease by 53.5% and reduced the disease incidence to 6.8% over local check. Extension and technology gap was recorded 2.5 and 3.8 t/ha. Raised bed planting, use of Trichoderma viride, disease free seed and rhizome treatment were adopted by 53.3, 26.6, 29.3 and 24% respondents.
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PADDER, Bilal Ahmad, Prem Nath SHARMA, Renu KAPIL, Anju PATHANIA, and Om Prakash SHARMA. "Evaluation of Bioagents and Biopesticides against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and its Integrated Management in Common Bean." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2010): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb234772.
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Three bioagents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens) and five biopesticides (Achook, Neemgold, Wannis, Spictaf and Neemazal) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. All the three antagonistic fungi caused significant inhibition of mycelial growth, maximum being with T. viride (69.21%) followed by T. harzianum (64.20%). Among the biopesticides tested at four concentrations, Wanis applied @ 1000 ?l/ml caused maximum inhibition of 82.12 per cent followed by Spictaf (52.85%). T. viride and Wanis @ 1000 ?l/ml were most effective in reducing the seed borne infection. Integration of bioagents with Bavistin showed that disease can be effectively managed with seed dressing either with Bavistin or biopesticide followed by foliar treatment with fungicide or biopesticide.
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YE, GUO-SUI, and M. L. FIELDS. "Cellulolytic Enzyme Production by Three Fungi Grown in a Ground Corn Cob Medium1." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.4.248.
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Trichoderma reesei NRRL 11236, Trichoderma viride ATCC 32630, Trichoderma viride ATCC 32098 and Myrothecium verrucaria ATCC 9095 were evaluated for the production of toxic substances with the fertile egg tests. Strains NRRL 11236, ATCC 32630, and ATCC 9095 produced no detectable toxic substance. However, when an oil extract was made of fermented corn cobs, strain ATCC 32098 produced a significant kill of 23.1% of the embryos. Cellulases (C1,Cx) and beta glucosidase production were produced using different ammonium salts as additional nitrogen sources to what the corn cobs contained. Temperatures (23° and 30°C) had no effect on beta glucosidase except for T. viride ATCC 32630 which produced significantly smaller quantities at 30°C than at 23°C.
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Oladapo, Babatide Olufemi, Esther Aanuoluwa Ekundayo, Mariam Olukemi Mokoolu, and Fatuyi Olanipekun Ekundayo. "Phosphate Solubilization Potentials of Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated from Insecticide Treated Soil." Advanced Research in Life Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arls-2020-0020.
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Abstract Insecticides are used widely to control a variety of pests and often residues of these insecticides are left in soil which may have impact on the phosphate solubilization potentials of rhizosphere fungi. Rhizosphere soils were collected from carefully uprooted cowpea seedlings with hand trowel on 50, 70 and 90th days of germination containing the lambda-cyhalothrin and dimethoate insecticides. Fungi associated with the above samples were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Screening for phosphate solubilization potential of the isolates was done by spot inoculation on Pikovskaya agar by measuring the clear zones around the colonies supplemented with tricalcium phosphates [Ca3(PO4)2]. The phosphatase produced by the fungal species was optimized using parameters such as incubation time, pH, temperature, carbon source and nitrogen source in submerged fermentation. The isolated rhizosphere fungi were identified as Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma viride, Arthroderma fulvum and Fusarium oxysporum. Among the isolates, Trichoderma viride showed the best ability to solubilize phosphate with solubilization index of 2.82 with dimethoate of 12.5ml/L of water. The optimization study for the enzyme production showed that the best incubation time for phosphatase production was 72 hours by Trichoderma viride. It was observed that the optimum pH for production of phosphatase by Trichoderma viride was 6.5. This study suggests that all the isolated fungi especially Trichoderma viride can adapt to these insecticidal treatments, which make them useful as biofertilizers to increase uptake of phosphorous in plants.