Journal articles: 'Virginia City (Mont.) – History'

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Warner, Mark. "Boomtown Saloons: Archaeology and History in Virginia City." Historical Archaeology 41, no. 2 (June 2007): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03377019.

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Witters, George R. "History of the Comstock Lode Virginia City, Storey County, Nevada." Rocks & Minerals 74, no. 6 (November 1999): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529909605175.

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NOEL, THOMAS J. "Review of Dixon, Boomtown Saloons: Archaeology and History in Virginia City." Pacific Historical Review 76, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2007.76.1.119.

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Urish, Ben. "Boomtown Saloons: Archaeology and History in Virginia City by Kelly J. Dixon." Journal of American Culture 29, no. 3 (September 2006): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.2006.00379.x.

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Rosenthal, Gregory. "Make Roanoke Queer Again." Public Historian 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2017.39.1.35.

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This essay explores intersections among urban history, queer history, and public history in a gentrifying southern city. I show how queer cultures flourished in Roanoke, Virginia, in the 1960s and 1970s only to be displaced by a combination of police repression, urban planning, and gentrification starting in the late 1970s and 1980s. Seeking to “Make Roanoke Queer Again,” the Southwest Virginia LGBTQ+ History Project is a community-based history initiative committed to researching and interpreting the region’s LGBTQ history. This essay argues that queer community history projects can be a form of resistance to gentrification and a means to preserve our history from “queer erasure.”

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Spude, Robert L., and Ronald M. James. "The Roar and the Silence: A History of Virginia City and the Comstock Lode." Western Historical Quarterly 30, no. 3 (1999): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971394.

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Kiem, Paul. "Righting History." Public History Review 28 (June 23, 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v28i0.7786.

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Abstract In recent years there has been ongoing controversy in the United States regarding monuments and place names commemorating the Confederate cause in the American Civil War. The following discussion focuses on Monument Avenue in the former Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. This was one of the most prominent locations of Confederate commemoration until statues along the avenue began to be removed during 2020. While also needing to be seen in the immediate context of events in mid-2020, these removals followed a process of investigation and consultation carried out by Richmond City Council. This produced a report which is now a useful resource for a case study investigating Monument Avenue and the broader issues its history helps to illustrate.

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Moss, George. "Silver Frolic: Popular Entertainment in Virginia City, Nevada, 1859-1863." Journal of Popular Culture 22, no. 2 (September 1988): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1988.2202_1.x.

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Green, Michael S. "Review: A Short History of Virginia City by Ronald M. James and Susan A. James." Pacific Historical Review 85, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2016.85.1.152.

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Johnson, Susan Lee, and Ronald M. James. "The Roar and the Silence: A History of Virginia City and the Comstock Lode." Journal of American History 87, no. 2 (September 2000): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568858.

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Longstreth, Richard. "Williamsburg, Virginia: A City before the State, 1699-1999: A 300th Anniversary History Robert Maccubbin." Public Historian 24, no. 2 (April 2002): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3379536.

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KOLENIC, ANTHONY J. "Madness in the Making: Creating and Denying Narratives from Virginia Tech to Gotham City." Journal of Popular Culture 42, no. 6 (December 2009): 1023–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2009.00720.x.

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Appler, Douglas R. "Municipal Archaeology Programs and the Creation of Community Amenities." Public Historian 34, no. 3 (2012): 40–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2012.34.3.40.

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Abstract This paper explores how the municipal archaeology programs found in Alexandria, Virginia; St. Augustine, Florida; and Phoenix, Arizona have played a prominent role in developing unique, place-based amenities that integrate local history with other community needs. These cities are unusual in that they maintain archaeologists on city staff and that those archaeologists have used their positions to develop local environments that are extremely supportive of public engagement with history. Using interviews as well as archival and documentary sources, this paper demonstrates how the public's resulting familiarity with archaeology has allowed the interpretation of local history to take a variety of unexpected forms, including public and private open spaces, urban walking and cycling trails, museums, and public art, among many others.

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Mansfield, Katherine Cumings, and Marina Lambrinou. "“This is Not Who We Are”: Students Leading for Anti-Racist Policy Changes in Alexandria City Public Schools, Virginia." Educational Policy 36, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 19–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959048211059214.

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This paper centers the voices of students who successfully struggled alongside justice-minded school board members and other concerned citizens to create anti-racist policy changes in Alexandria City Public Schools, Virginia. Specifically, we examine the history behind, and political processes involved with, changing the names of two local schools due to the racist political commitments of their namesakes. Lessons learned include the need to carefully structure the policy change process to include students, families, and other community members in critical dialog and amplify the voices of those most impacted by the structural racism that needs to be dismantled: The students.

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Bakus, Grigoriy. "Gothic Сathedrals in the Fire of the World War: Monuments of Medieval Architecture in the Visual Historical Evidence of the 20th Century." ISTORIYA 14, no. 7 (129) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026931-3.

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“Rotterdam durch deutsche bomben vernichtet” — this inscription in German Language was written on snapshot with most prominent Gothic-styled Church of the city. The nearest area was destroyed completely and only ruins there were everywhere. Today this card, an amateur photo, is a piece of historical evidence both in the fields of longue durée terms of existence for medieval monuments in traditional cityscapes and local societies, which had living there. During the periods of the First and the Second World Wars were made the arrays of images of the same sort with monuments of medieval culture — the cathedrals of Reims, Rouen, Amiens, Laon, the Sint-Laurenskerk in Rotterdam, the Benedictine abbey of Mont Saint-Michel. Together with the earlier images, these photographs allow us to return to the problem of the “Traditional Church in Modern Culture”, which was identified by R. Kieckhepher on another material, as well as to talk about the content of the images of the Middle Ages in the discourses of the 20th century (O. G. Oexle).

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Liebhold, Peter. ""The Working People of Richmond: Life and Labor in an Industrial City, 1865-1920" at the Valentine Museum, Richmond, Virginia." Technology and Culture 33, no. 3 (July 1992): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106638.

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Liebhold, Peter. "“The Working People of Richmond: Life and Labor in an Industrial City, 1865–1920” at the Valentine Museum, Richmond, Virginia." Technology and Culture 33, no. 3 (July 1992): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.1992.0055.

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Zeller, Thomas. "Imaging Landscapes, Roads, Race, and Power." Technology and Culture 64, no. 4 (October 2023): 1261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2023.a911005.

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abstract: Drawing on two contrasting images of the "highway to nowhere" in Baltimore and a stretch of the Blue Ridge Parkway in Virginia, this essay throws a spotlight on the politics of planning and designing roads in mid-twentieth century America. It examines the intertwined roles of race, class, and profession, focusing on the relationship between race and infrastructures as a systemic issue underlying individual decisions and policies. Race and infrastructures are prominent political topics now that the U.S. federal Department of Transportation is awarding grants to study tearing down interstate highways that have fractured and destroyed inner-city neighborhoods. These policies build on acknowledgments that federally funded infrastructures were not neutral delivery systems, but embodied racist and professional ideologies. While historians of technology have long studied the relationship between values and technology, such analyses are becoming more salient.

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Sweeney, James R. "Roanoke, Virginia, 1882–1912: Magic City of the New South. By Rand Dotson. (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2007. Pp. xxi, 338. $42.00.)." Historian 71, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2009.00252_10.x.

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McDonough, Daniel. "Unnatural Rebellion: Loyalists in New York City during the Revolution. By Ruma Chopra. (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2011. Pp. x, 304. $35.00.)." Historian 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2012.00328_12.x.

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Chused, Richard. "Charles E. Connerly, “The Most Segregated City in America”: City Planning and Civil Rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005. Pp. 340. $45 (ISBN 0-8139-2334-4)." Law and History Review 27, no. 3 (2009): 714–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000004156.

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Ann Whittico, Gloria. "“God of One Blood”: Deeds of Manumission in The Counties of Accomack, Northampton, Norfolk, and Elizabeth City, Virginia (1785-1824)." International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science 05, no. 05 (May 5, 2024): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v5n5a2.

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When considering the analytical framework of chattel slavery in the history of this nation, its history has been written in laws, constitutional amendments, cases, and a variety of legal mechanisms and precedents that simply do not tell the entire narrative of that “peculiar institution.”2 In our examination of American chattel slavery, it is as if we were crafting a quilt commencing with those legal pronouncements as composing the outside frame of that particular construct. But it is only when we consider the individual narratives of those persons for whom slavery was a lived experience that we can see that the institution was composed of a multitude of smaller pieces and patches, that when arranged in a patchwork manner, reveal remarkable narratives of the lives of many brave men, women, and children who lived their lives on both sides of the line, and regardless of which side of the side of the divide, whether enslaved or enslaver.

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Hardesty, Donald L. "Virginia City: Secrets of a Western Past. By Ronald M. James. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press and the Society for Historical Archaeology, 2012. Pp. xxii, 147. $16.95.)." Historian 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12016_15.

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Rowe, Michael. "France, Prussia, or Germany? The Napoleonic Wars and Shifting Allegiances in the Rhineland." Central European History 39, no. 4 (December 2006): 611–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000203.

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The following article focuses on the Rhineland, and more specifically, the region on the left (or west) bank of the Rhine bounded in the north and west by the Low Countries and France. This German-speaking region was occupied by the armies of revolutionary France after 1792. De jure annexation followed the Treaty of Lunéville (1801), and French rule lasted until 1814. Most of the Rhineland was awarded in 1815 to Prussia and remained a constituent part until after the Second World War. The Rhineland experienced Napoleonic rule first hand. Its four departments—the Roër, Rhin-et-Moselle, Sarre, and Mont-Tonnerre—were treated like the others in metropolitan France, and it is this status that makes the region distinct in German-speaking Europe. This had consequences both in the Napoleonic period and in the century that followed the departure of the last French soldier. This alone would constitute sufficient reason for studying the region. More broadly, however, the Rhenish experience in the French period sheds light on the much broader phenomena of state formation and nation building. Before 1792, the Rhenish political order appeared in many respects a throwback to the late Middle Ages. Extreme territorial fragmentation, city states, church states, and mini states distinguished its landscape. These survived the early-modern period thanks in part to Great Power rivalry and the protective mantle provided by the Holy Roman Empire. Then, suddenly, came rule by France which, in the form of the First Republic and Napoleon's First Empire, represented the most demanding state the world had seen up to that point. This state imposed itself on a region unused to big government. It might be thought that bitter confrontation would have resulted. Yet, and here is a paradox this article wishes to address, many aspects of French rule gained acceptance in the region, and defense of the Napoleonic legacy formed a component of the “Rhenish” identity that came into being in the nineteenth century.

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Gould, Nicholas P., Roger Powell, Colleen Olfenbuttel, and Christopher S. DePerno. "Growth and reproduction by young urban and rural black bears." Journal of Mammalogy 102, no. 4 (July 10, 2021): 1165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab066.

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Abstract Human-dominated landscapes contain fragmented natural land cover interspersed throughout an urban matrix. Animals that occupy human-dominated landscapes often grow and reproduce differently than conspecifics. Female American black bears (Ursus americanus) produce litters for the first time usually at age 4 years; 2-year-olds rarely give birth. We visited winter bear dens and trapped bears in spring and summer to compare the reproductive output and weight of female black bears within the city limits of Asheville, North Carolina, and three forested rural sites in North Carolina and Virginia representative of the undeveloped habitat of Asheville. Urban yearling females weighed nearly double (45.0 kg ± 8.1 [± SD]; n = 36) that of yearling females from the three rural study sites (23.2 ± 8.5 [Pisgah], 23.6 ± 8.3 [Virginia SW], and 23.9 ± 9.7 [Virginia NW]; n = 95). Across all sites, hard mast production during the autumn, when females were cubs, did not affect their weights as yearlings. Seven of 12 (58%) 2-year-old urban bears produced 11 cubs (mean litter size = 1.6 ± 0.8), but no 2-year-old rural females produced cubs. Production of hard mast in the autumn, when females were yearlings, did not influence cub production by 2-year-old female bears at the urban site. We hypothesize that reproduction by 2-year-old bears is linked to the availability of anthropogenic food sources associated with urban environments. To inform population level management decisions, managers and researchers should quantify urban food sources and the effects on black bear life history. If high fecundity allows urban populations to sustain relatively high mortality rates, then urban bear populations may be source populations for surrounding, rural areas. Alternately, if reproduction in urban populations cannot match high time-specific or age-specific urban mortality rates, then urban populations may be sinks for the surrounding areas.

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Nisbet, Stuart M. "Early Glasgow Sugar Plantations in the Caribbean." Scottish Archaeological Journal 31, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2010.0007.

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From the 17th century, Glasgow grew from a local market centre to a merchant city. Much of the wealth of its leading merchants came from Atlantic trade. Before the city's celebrated connections with Virginia, great success was achieved from trade with the Caribbean. In the late 17th century, Glasgow had more than a hundred merchants, part of a ‘Great Company’ trading with the Americas, including the Caribbean islands. 1 This was a two-way process, and various Glasgow pioneers operated at the colonial end. This article explores the hitherto hidden background of two of the city's earliest and most successful Caribbean merchants. This is achieved by an investigation of the upstanding archaeology on their sugar plantations on the Leeward Island of St Kitts (St Christopher). It will suggest that to put Glasgow's development in proper context, we must consider this neglected part of its history and archaeology.

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Stoltz, Joseph F. "Documenting a Proposed 1781 French-American Attack on New York: The Chastellux Archive and the Epic Finale That Never Was." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 22, no. 1 (January 2024): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2024.a920464.

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Abstract: In the summer of 1781, a Franco-American army under the command of George Washington contemplated an elaborate attack on New York City that, it hoped, would bring the American War for Independence to a close. The details of that plan were lost to history, until a few years ago. Discovered in the papers of Francois-Jean de Chastellux in the private Chastellux family archives in Burgundy, France, the battleplan is now in the George Washington Presidential Library in Mount Vernon, Virginia. Historians of the American War of Independence have traditionally depicted the summer of 1781 as a period of rest for the Continental and French armies. The Chastellux battleplan showcases the extent to which Washington considered an attack on New York and highlights a complex preparatory operation conducted in its suburbs that gave both armies the chance to work together long before they went into action in Yorktown.

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FRONC, JENNIFER. "Local Public Opinion: The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures and the Fight against Film Censorship in Virginia, 1916–1922." Journal of American Studies 47, no. 3 (December 5, 2012): 719–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812001375.

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This article examines the conflict that ensued when the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures (a New York City-based organization that opposed any form of legal film censorship) entered the debate over Virginia's state film censor board. Virginia's engagement with film censorship emerged out of its history and politics, particularly in regard to race relations. Elite white Virginians lived in fear both of federal intervention (with the specter of Reconstruction not far behind them) and of a local usurpation of political power by black Virginians. The National Board of Review (NBR) was largely ignorant of this situation, which worked against their goals and ability to cultivate reliable allies. In the 1910s and 1920s, film raised issues about authorities – locally based and oriented versus nationally oriented authority, private authority and municipal, state, and/or federal authority.

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Goldfield, D. "Roanoke, Virginia, 1882-1912: Magic City of the New South. By Rand Dotson. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2007. xxii, 338 pp. $42.00, ISBN 978-1-57233-592-9.)." Journal of American History 95, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25095703.

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Mason, Jeffrey D. "American Theatre in the Culture of the Cold War: Producing and Contesting Containment, 1947–1962. By Bruce A. McConachie. Studies in Theatre History & Culture. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003; pp. xiv + 347; 15 illus. $49.95 cloth." Theatre Survey 46, no. 2 (October 25, 2005): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557405360200.

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From 1947 to 1962, Broadway audiences enjoyed major works by Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller as well as plays ranging from A Thousand Clowns to Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and a string of durable musical comedies offering light and dark visions of the urban streets (Guys and Dolls and West Side Story), inspirational fables (The Music Man and The Sound of Music), and war in legend and in recent memory (Camelot and South Pacific). Meanwhile, Judith Malina and Julian Beck founded the Living Theatre, José Quintero and Theodore Mann established the Circle in the Square, Joe Papp offered his first free Shakespeare productions in New York City parks, and Joe Cino and Ellen Stewart led the development of Off-Off Broadway. This heterogeneous theatre scene comprised diverse and even competing representations of a complex but interconnected culture, and Bruce A. McConachie has undertaken the task of elucidating the workings of such art not in isolation but as cultural and social production.

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Isenberg, N. "Parlor Politics: In Which the Ladies of Washington Help Build a City and a Government. By Catherine Allgor (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000. 299 pp.)." Journal of Social History 36, no. 2 (December 1, 2002): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2003.0020.

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Maurantonio, Nicole. "Remembering Columbus, Forgetting Ethnicity: Memory, White Supremacy, and Italian American Identity in the American South." Diasporic Italy: Journal of the Italian American Studies Association 1 (October 1, 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/27697738.1.1.043.

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Abstract Following news of the May 2020 murder of George Floyd, protesters around the world organized to highlight police brutality against Black and Brown people. Alongside a list of demands including the defunding of police departments, protesters also called for the removal of public symbols of white supremacy. Although protesters took aim primarily at statues memorializing Confederate leaders, sites commemorating Christopher Columbus drew similar criticism. In Richmond, Virginia, demonstrators not only toppled the statue to Columbus; they lit it on fire and dumped it in nearby Fountain Lake. While the decision to submerge the Columbus statue in water might be interpreted as a convenient performative ploy, this article suggests that the action is one suffused with meaning. Forging a narrative linkage between Columbus and Confederate leaders, protesters cast the monuments commemorating these historic actors as analogue artifacts of racial intimidation. This article argues, however, that this narrative washed away—in both literal and figurative terms—a complex history of Italian immigration to the city, assimilation, and the process of “becoming white.”

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Burns, Robert C., and Patrick Thompson. "REHABILITATION OF AN ICONIC SKYSCRAPER POISED TO SPUR REVITALIZATION OF A DOWNTOWN NEIGHBORHOOD." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 3 (June 2016): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.3.35.1.

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INTRODUCTION The revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia, in the 21st century has been a slow process, beginning in the financial center near the State Capitol Building and migrating slowly westward along Broad Street, the traditional retail avenue of the City. One by one over the course of the past several years, large, iconic buildings have been rehabilitated for new and exciting uses. These buildings have long been associated with the history of the City itself: the Miller & Rhoads Department Store, the John Marshall Hotel, the First National Bank Building, and the Hotel Richmond among others. The Central National Bank (CNB) Building was built at the dawn of the Great Depression and eventually became one of the last Art Deco style skyscrapers remaining in downtown Richmond. Its location in the neglected western fringe area of Broad Street made it the next logical target for rehabilitation. When Douglas Development purchased the vacant building in 2005, they were buying the crowning piece of architecture that they hoped would become the linchpin project to spur the revitalization of the surrounding neighborhood. That lofty goal was not without challenges, of course, and it took 8 years to put the project together and start the building's renovation. The complications inherent in the rehabilitation of any iconic 75-year old building listed on the National Register of Historic Places to suit continued use for contemporary life also clearly came into play.

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Lounsbury, Carl R. "Beaux-Arts Ideals and Colonial Reality: The Reconstruction of Williamsburg's Capitol, 1928-1934." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990566.

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The design principles associated with the Ecole des Beaux-Arts subtly shaped the manner in which a generation of architects viewed the architectural heritage of America's colonial past. Trained to appreciate and emulate the classical detailing, proportion, symmetrical balance, and axiality that they saw in the Georgian architecture of early America, they failed to understand fully the cultural context and social and economic circumstances that produced these buildings. A conflict between fundamental classical ideals and historical reality arose when architects became involved in the restoration and reconstruction of colonial houses and public buildings in the early part of the 20th century. This is clearly illustrated in one of the largest restoration projects ever undertaken in America: the task of restoring and recreating hundreds of early structures in the colonial city of Williamsburg, Virginia. Executing this project was the Boston firm of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn. In reconstructing the first capitol building in the late 1920s and early 1930s, they ran up against historical evidence that challenged many of their preconceived notions of colonial design. Although the final result is a testament to the architects' skills in handling 18th-century detailing, the capitol now stands as a monument to the near past and tells us as much about the influence of Beaux-Arts design principles on the restoration of Williamsburg as about the architecture of the colonial period.

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Viehe, Fred W. "Sanchez Korrol, Virginia E. From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. Pp. xix, 242. Figures, maps, plates, tables, appendix, index. $29.95." Urban History Review 13, no. 3 (1985): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018116ar.

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Marsh, David. "Henry Lawrence, City Trees: A Historical Geography from the Renaissance through the Nineteenth Century. Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2006. xvi + 336pp. Illustrated. Bibliography. $75.00." Urban History 34, no. 2 (June 20, 2007): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926807004713.

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Stokes, Laura. "The Executioner’s Journal: Meister Frantz Schmidt of the Imperial City of Nuremberg. Translated by Joel F. Harrington. Studies in Early Modern German History. Edited by H. C. Erik Midelfort.Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2016. Pp. lxiv+172. $55.00 (cloth); $24.50 (paper and e-book)." Journal of Modern History 90, no. 3 (September 2018): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/698805.

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Clark, Stephen, Michael Sidlak, Amy Mathers, Melinda Poulter, and James Platts-Mills. "Clinical Yield of Routine Use of Molecular Testing for Adult Outpatients with Diarrhea." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.080.

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Abstract Background Molecular diagnostics for enteropathogens increase yield while reducing turnaround time. However, many pathogens do not require specific therapy, and the cost is substantial. Methods We reviewed the use of the FilmArray GI Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah) in adult outpatients at the University of Virginia and identified clinical features that could limit testing without reducing yield. We defined yield as (a) detection of a pathogen, (b) detection of a pathogen for which antimicrobial therapy is indicated, or (c) detection of a pathogen that can change management, which additionally included viral pathogens in immunocompromised patients. Results Between March 23, 2015 and February 25, 2016, we reviewed 452 tests from adult outpatients with diarrhea. A pathogen was detected in 88/452 (19.5%). The most common pathogens were: enteropathogenic E. coli (36; 8.0%), norovirus (17; 3.8%), Campylobacter (7, 1.5%), enteroaggregative E. coli (6, 1.3%), Giardia (6; 1.3%), and sapovirus (5; 1.1%). Based on clinical guidelines, antimicrobial treatment was clearly indicated for 19/452 subjects (4.2%). Limiting testing to patients with an additional enteric symptom (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fecal urgency, tenesmus, or flatulence), a travel history, or an immunocompromising condition would reduce testing by 25.9%, with a treatable pathogen identified in 18/331 (5.4%) (sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 27.7%). Further modifying testing criteria to exclude subjects with vomiting, 18/288 (6.3%) had a treatable pathogen (sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 37.3%), and a pathogen which could change management was detected in 28/288 (9.7%) (sensitivity 96.6%, specificity 38.5%). Excluding immunocompromised subjects or those with a travel history, American College of Gastroenterology guidelines for testing were met by 293/348 (84.2%) with a documented duration of diarrhea, and a treatable pathogen was detected in 8/293 (2.7%) vs. 3/55 (5.5%) who did not meet testing guidelines. Conclusion Testing could be reduced by 36.3% without decreasing clinical yield by limiting testing to patients with diarrhea with an additional enteric symptom and no history of vomiting, a travel history, or an immunocompromising condition. ACG guidelines did not improve testing efficiency. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Tenenbaum, Barbara A. "Los Sismos en la Historia de México. Tomo 1. By Virginia García Acosta and Gerardo Suárez Reynoso. (Mexico City: UNAM; Centro de Investigations y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social; Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1996. Pp. 718. Illustrations. Bibliography. No Price.)." Americas 54, no. 2 (October 1997): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007753.

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DUNCAN, RUSSELL. "Stubborn Indianness: Cultural Persistence, Cultural Change." Journal of American Studies 32, no. 3 (December 1998): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875898006021.

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Leland Donald, Aboriginal Slavery on the Northwest Coast of North America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997, US$40). Pp. 379. ISBN 0 520 20616 9.George W. Dorsey, The Pawnee Mythology (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997, £20.95). Pp. 546. ISBN 0 8032 6603 0.Frederic W. Gleach, Powhatan's World and Colonial Virginia: A Conflict of Cultures (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997, £52.50). Pp. 241. ISBN 0 8032 2166 5.Richard G. Hardorff (ed.), Lakota Recollections of the Custer Fight: New Sources of Indian-Military History (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997, £9.50). Pp. 211. ISBN 0 8032 7293 6.Michael E. Harkin, The Heiltsuks: Dialogues of Culture and History on the Northwest Coast (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997, £38). Pp. 195. ISBN 0 8032 2379 X.Jean M. O'Brien, Dispossession by Degrees: Indian Land and Identity in Natick, Massachusetts, 1650–1790 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, £35, US$49.95). Pp. 224. ISBN 0 521 56172 8.Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997, £15.95). Pp. 379. ISBN 0 8032 9431 X.In the contemporary United States there are 556 American Indian groups in 400 nations. Given that survival story, the tired myths of the disappearing redman or wandering savage which have distorted our understandings of Indian history are being revised. The reasons for our nearly four-century-long gullibility are manifold. The religion of winners and losers, saints and sinners, combined effectively with the scientific racism inherent sine qua non in the secular beliefs of winners and losers expressed through Linnaean and Darwinian conceptions of order and evolution. After colonizers cast their imperial gaze through lenses made of the elastic ideology of “City Upon a Hill,” “Manifest Destiny,” “Young America,” and “White Man's Burden,” most Euro-Americans rationalized a history and present in survival of the fittest terms. By 1900, the near-holocaust of an estimated ten million Indians left only 200,000 survivors invisible in an overall population of 76 million. The 1990 census count of two million Native Americans affirms resilience not extinction.

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White, Svend W. "Third Annual Conference of the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i2.1953.

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On April 6-7, 2002, the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy(CSID) held its Third Annual Conference on the theme "Democratizationand Political Violence in Muslim Societies" just outside Washington, DC,at the Sheraton Crystal City Hotel in Arlington, Virginia. The conferencewas cosponsored by the Institute for Global Cultural Studies, StateUniversity of New York, Binghamton, NY, and the International Institute ofIslamic Thought (IIIT), VA.The conference got off to a lively start on Saturday morning with PanelOne: "Islam and Political Participation: Ideals, Actors, and Processes"which was chaired by Charles Butterworth of the University of Maryland,College Park. Asma Afsaruddin of the University of Notre Dame, IN,explored links between early Islamic discourse of the Khulafa 'a/-Rashidunera and modern Islamic conceptions of leadership in "Medieval IslamicDiscourse on Legitimate Leadership and its Modern Implications."Wanda Kruse of the University of Guelph, Canada, discussed theunderestimated role played by non-governmental political actors in theMiddle East in "Civil Society in the Democratization Process: A CaseStudy on Cairo Islamic Women's Organizations." Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad ofthe Minaret of Freedom Institute, MD, focused on the cases where democraticdecision-making in government enhanced law and order in earlyIslamic history in "The Anti-Correlation between Democracy and PoliticalViolence in the Experience of the Khulafa' al-Rashidun." Moataz A. Fattahof Cairo University closed the panel with an overview of empirical evidenceabout Muslims' attitudes towards democracy in "The Compatibilty ofMuslims' Beliefs and Democracy: Survey Results."Panel Two which was chaired by Jamal Barzinji of the InternationalInstitute of Islamic Thought had as its theme "Western Democracies andAuthoritarian Muslim Regimes: Understanding the Relationship." AuwaluHamisu Yadudu of Bayero University in no, Nigeria, analyzed the Shari'a ...

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Lehoucq, Fabrice. "Campaigns, Elections, and Regimes in Latin America." Latin American Research Review 57, no. 1 (March 2022): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lar.2022.12.

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This essay reviews the following works: Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo I: Prácticas políticas. Edited by Iván Jaksić and Juan Luis Ossa. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2014. Pp. 508. $280.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891653.Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo II: Estado y sociedad. Edited by Iván Jaksić and Francisca Rengifo. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. Pp. 476. $470.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891691.Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo III: Problemas económicos. Edited by Iván Jaksić, Andrés Estefane, and Claudio Robles. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018. Pp. 443. $430.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891776.Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo IV: Intelectuales y pensamiento político. Edited by Iván Jaksić and Susana Gazmuri. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018. Pp. 338. $440.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891837.Revolutionizing Repertoires: The Rise of Populist Mobilization in Peru. By Robert S. Jansen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. Pp. xviii + 288. $37.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780226487441.Campaigns and Voters in Developing Democracies: Argentina in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Noam Lupu, Virginia Oliveros, and Luis Schiumerini. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2019. Pp. xiv + 298. $80.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780472131280.Electoral Rules and Democracy in Latin America. By Cynthia McClintock. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 336. $38.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780190879761.Why Bother with Elections? By Adam Przeworski. Cambridge: Polity, 2018. Pp. 210. $15.50 paperback. ISBN: 9781509526604.Política latinoamericana contemporánea. Edited by Godofredo Vidal de la Rosa. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2017. Pp. 713. Paperback. ISBN: 9786072811225.Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy. By Daniel Ziblatt. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. xvi + 448. $32.99 paperback. ISBN: 9780521172998.

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Mooney, Barbara Burlison. "Book ReviewsAndrew S. Dolkart. Biography of a Tenement House in New York City: An Architectural History of 97 Orchard Street. Santa Fe, NM, and Staunton, VA: Center for American Places (distributed by University of Virginia Press), 2006. 142 pp.; 47 black‐and‐white and 14 color illustrations. $35.00." Winterthur Portfolio 42, no. 4 (December 2008): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592802.

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Salevouris, Michael J., Robert W. Brown, Linda Frey, Robert Lindsay, Arthur Q. Larson, Calvin H. Allen, Samuel E. Dicks, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 12, no. 1 (May 4, 1987): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.12.1.31-48.

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Eliot Wigginton. Sometimes a Shining Moment: The Foxfire Experience-- Twenty Years in a High School Classroom. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/ Doubleday, 1985. Pp. xiv, 438. Cloth, $19.95. Review by Philip Reed Rulon of Northern Arizona University. Eugene Kuzirian and Larry Madaras, eds. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History. Vol. I: The Colonial Period to Reconstruction. Guilford , Connecticut: Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc., 1985. Pp. x, 255. Paper, $8.95. Review by Jayme A. Sokolow of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Lois W. Banner. American Beauty. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Pp. ix, 369. Paper, $9.95. Review by Thomas J. Schlereth of the University of Notre Dame. Alan Heimert and Andrew Delbanco, eds. The Puritans in America: A Narrative Anthology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985. Pp. xviii, 438. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Raymond C. Bailey of Northern Virginia Community College. Clarence L. Mohr. On the Threshold of Freedom: Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia. Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1986. Pp. xxi, 397. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Charles T. Banner-Haley of the Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-American Studies, University of Rochester. Francis Paul Prucha. The Indians in American Society: From the Revolutionary War to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. Pp. ix, 127. Cloth, $15.95. Review by Darlene E. Fisher of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Il. Barry D. Karl. The Uneasy State: The United States from 1915 to 1945. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Pp. x, 257. Paper, $7.95; Robert D. Marcus and David Burner, eds. America Since 1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Fourth edition. Pp. viii, 408. Paper, $11.95. Review by David L. Nass of Southwest State University, Mn. Michael P. Sullivan. The Vietnam War: A Study in the Making of American Policy. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1985. Pp. 198. Cloth, $20.00. Review by Joseph L. Arbena of Clemson University. N. Ray Hiner and Joseph M. Hawes, eds. Growing Up In America: Children in Historical Perspective. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. xxv, 310. Cloth, $27.50; Paper, $9.95. Review by Brian Boland of Lockport Central High School, Lockport, IL. Linda A. Pollock. Forgotten Children: Parent-Child Relations from 1500 to 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Pp. xi, 334. Cloth, $49.50; Paper, $16.95. Review by Samuel E. Dicks of Emporia State University. Yahya Armajani and Thomas M. Ricks. Middle East: Past and Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Second edition. Pp. xiv, 466. Cloth, $16.95. Review by Calvin H. Allen, Jr of The School of the Ozarks. Henry C. Boren. The Ancient World: An Historical Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Pp. xx, 407. Paper, $22.95. Review by Arthur Q. Larson of Westmar College (Ret.) Geoffrey Treasure. The Making of Modern Europe, 1648-1780. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. xvii, 647. Cloth, $35.00; Paper, $16.95. Review by Robert Lindsay of the University of Montana. Alexander Rudhart. Twentieth Century Europe. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Pp. xiv, 462. Paper, $22.95. Review by Linda Frey of the University of Montana. Jonathan Powis. Aristocracy. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984. Pp. ix, 110. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $8.95. Review by Robert W. Brown of Pembroke State University. A. J. Youngson. The Prince and the Pretender: A Study in the Writing of History. Dover, New Hampshire: Croom Helm, Ltd., 1985. Pp. 270. Cloth, $29.00. Review Michael J. Salevouris of Webster University.

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Leach, Melinda. "Prehistory of the Carson Desert and Stillwater Mountains: Environment, Mobility, and Subsistence in a Great Basin Wetland. Robert L. Kelly, with contributions by Virginia L. Butler, Linda Scott Cummings, Steven D. Grantham, Richard E. Hughes, Keith K. Katzer, Stephanie Livingston, David Rhode, Nancy D. Sharp, and Peter Wigand. 2001. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Anthropological Papers No. 123. vii + 325 pp., $45.00 (paper), ISBN 0-87480-672-0." American Antiquity 69, no. 3 (July 2004): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128412.

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Day, Kirsty. "Virginia Blanton, Veronica O’Mara, and Patricia Stoop, eds., Nuns’ Literacies in Medieval Europe: The Kansas City Dialogue. (Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts 27.) Turhout: Brepols, 2015. Pp. xlv, 415; 8 color and many black-and-white and figures and 6 tables. €100. ISBN: 978-2-503-54922-4.Table of contents available online at http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503549224-1." Speculum 95, no. 1 (January 2020): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/706284.

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Salwiah, Sri Yuliani M, Asmuddin, Afifah Nur Hidayah, and Irawaty. "Evaluation of Distance Learning in Pre-schools During the New Pandemic Era." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.07.

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Distance learning at the pre-school level requires evaluation action considering that this form of learning is a new process for most elements of education in early childhood education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate virtual learning, namely planning, implementation, and assessment, as well as revealing the obstacles that occur in online learning in Kendari City Kindergarten. This study uses descriptive quantitative research methods with data collection techniques through surveys. The results showed that planning for online learning had been carried out by coordinating between teachers and parents, as well as drafting a learning plan from home starting from standard learning operations, semester programs, weekly and daily lesson plans. The implementation of learning uses several facilities, including WhatsApp application (62.50%), Zoom meeting application (12.50%), learning videos (12.50%), Google Meet (6.25%), and YouTube (6.25%). Children's learning methods currently include giving assignments (32.26%), performance (25.81%), demonstrations (22.58%) and experiments (19.35%). While the media used are video, picture media and children's worksheets. The assessment used by the teacher is in the form of portfolio assessment (50%), performance (30%) and observation (20%). The obstacles faced by teachers during distance learning are the lack of cooperation from parents when accompanying children to study at home, parents who are often late in collecting their children's assignments (portfolios), and the lack of smart phone facilities owned by parents. In response to this, good communication and collaboration between teachers and parents are needed, and parents must be able to pay attention and motivate children during the distance learning process, especially in the new pandemic era. Keywords: pre-school, distance learning, ECE evaluationReferences: Ariswari, N. K. R., & Tirtayani, L. A. (2021). Survei Kesiapan Orang Tua dalam Mendampingi Proses Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Daring [Survey on Parental Readiness in Assisting the Online-Based Early Childhood Learning Process]. 5(1), 10. Atiles, J. T., Almodóvar, M., Chavarría Vargas, A., Dias, M. J. A., & Zúñiga León, I. M. (2021). International responses to COVID-19: Challenges faced by early childhood professionals. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872674 Bassok, D., Michie, M., Cubides-Mateus, D. M., Doromal, J. B., & Kiscaden, S. (2020). The Divergent Experiences of Early Educators in Schools and Child Care Centers during COVID-19: Findings from Virginia. 28. Beckerman, M., van Berkel, S. R., Mesman, J., & Alink, L. R. A. (2017). The role of negative parental attributions in the associations between daily stressors, maltreatment history, and harsh and abusive discipline. Child Abuse & Neglect, 64, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.015 Bigras, N., Lemay, L., Lehrer, J., Charron, A., Duval, S., Robert-Mazaye, C., & Laurin, et I. (2021). Early Childhood Educators’ Perceptions of Their Emotional State, Relationships with Parents, Challenges, and Opportunities During the Early Stage of the Pandemic. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49(5), 775–787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01224-y Bilbokaitė-Skiauterienė, I., & Bilbokaitė, R. (2021). Opportunities of Organizing and Implementing Distance Learning: The Context of Lithuanian Pre-School Teachers’ Opinions. 10115–10122. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.2085 Brown, S. M., Doom, J. R., Lechuga-Peña, S., Watamura, S. E., & Koppels, T. (2020). Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699 Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fifth edition). Pearson. Darling-Hammond, L., Schachner, A., & Edgerton, A. K. (2020). Restarting and Reinventing School: Learning in the Time of COVID and Beyond. 126. Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440 Ford, T. G., Kwon, K.-A., & Tsotsoros, J. D. (2021). Early childhood distance learning in the U.S. during the COVID pandemic: Challenges and opportunities. Children and Youth Services Review, 131, 106297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106297 Guilar, J. D., & Loring, A. (2008). Dialogue and Community in Online Learning: Lessons from Royal Roads University. 22. Lau, E. Y. H., & Lee, K. (2020). Parents’ Views on Young Children’s Distance Learning and Screen Time During COVID-19 Class Suspensio. Early Education and Development, 19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1843925 Ma, X., Shen, J., Krenn, H. Y., Hu, S., & Yuan, J. (2016). A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Learning Outcomes and Parental Involvement During Early Childhood Education and Early Elementary Education. Educational Psychology Review, 28(4), 771–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9351-1 Malta Campos, M., & Vieira, L. F. (2021). COVID-19 and early childhood in Brazil: Impacts on children’s well-being, education, and care. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(1), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872671 Mark Nichols. (2003). A theory for eLearning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 6(2), 1–10. JSTOR. McKenna, M., Soto-Boykin, X., Cheng, K., Haynes, E., Osorio, A., & Altshuler, J. (2021). Initial Development of a National Survey on Remote Learning in Early Childhood During COVID-19: Establishing Content Validity and Reporting Successes and Barriers. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49(5), 815–827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01216-y Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 75(5), 631–643. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000660 Reich, J., Buttimer, C. J., Fang, A., Hillaire, G., Hirsch, K., Larke, L. R., Littenberg-Tobias, J., Moussapour, R. M., Napier, A., Thompson, M., & Slama, R. (2020). Remote Learning Guidance from State Education Agencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A First Look [Preprint]. EdArXiv. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/437e2 Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Tambling, R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton, A. L. (2020). Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 51(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x Safi, F., Wenzel, T., & Spalding, L.-A. T. (2020). Remote Learning Community: Supporting Teacher Educators During Unprecedented Times. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 211–222. Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents’ Stress and Children’s Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713 Szente, J. (2020). Live Virtual Sessions with Toddlers and Preschoolers Amid COVID-19: Implications for Early Childhood Teacher Education. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 373–380. Tao, S. S., Lau, E. Y. H., & Yiu, H. M. (2019). Parental Involvement After the Transition to School: Are Parents’ Expectations Matched by Experience? Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 33(4), 637–653. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2019.1653409

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Williamson, Tom, Peter Clark, A. G. Hopkins, Rab Houston, Gillian Rose, Stuart Woolf, Adrian Rifkin, et al. "Review of Culture and Cultivation in Early Modern England: Writing and the Land, by Michael Leslie and Timothy Raylor; Death and the Metropolis: Studies in the Demographic History of London 1670-1830, by John Landers; Capitalism, Culture and Decline in Britain, 1750-1990, by W. D. Rubinstein; Subverting Scotland's Past: Scottish Whig Historians and the Creation of an Anglo-British Identity, 1689-c.1830, by Colin Kidd; Outsiders: Class, Gender and Nation, by Dorothy Thompson; Land and Economy in Baroque Italy: Valpolicella, 1630-1797, by Peter Musgrave; The Seduction of the Mediterranean: Writing, Art, and Homosexual Fantasy, by Robert Aldrich; Geographical Inquiry and American Historical Problems, by Carville Earle; Historical Atlas of Canada, Vol. II: The Land Transformed, 1880-1891, by R. Louis Gentilcore; In the Absence of Towns: Settlement and Country Trade in Southside Virginia, 1730-1800, by Charles J. Farmer; North American Cattle-Ranching Frontiers: Origins, Diffusion, and Differentiation, by Terry G. Jordan; From Wooden Ploughs to Welfare: Why Indian Policy Failed in the Prairie Provinces, by Helen Buckley; Russian Refuge: Religion, Migration, and Settlement on the North American Pacific Rim, by Susan Wiley Hardwick; La Paz de Dios y del Rey: la Conquista de la Selva Lacandona, 1525-1821. Oro Verde: la Conquista de la Selva Lacandona por los Maderos Tabasqueños, 1822-1949, by Jan de Vos; Haciendas and 'Ayllus': Rural Society in the Bolivian Andes in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, by Herbert S. Klein; Ideology and Landscape in Historical Perspective: Essays on the Meanings of Some Places in the Past, by A. R.H. Baker and G. Bilger; The Early Modern World-System in Georgraphical Perspectie, by Hans-Jurgen Nitz; European Expansion and Migration: Essays on the Intercontinental Migration from Africa, Asia and Europe, by P. C. Emmer and M. Mörner; Mass Migration in Europe: The Legacy and the Future, by Russell King; Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance Book 1: Trade, Missions, Literature; Book 2: South Asia; Book 3: Southeast Asia; Book 4: East Asia, by Donald F. Lach and Edwin J. Van Kley; The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, by Zeynep Çelik; The Shona and Their Neighbours, by David Beach and Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, by Mary Louise Pratt." Journal of Historical Geography 20, no. 4 (October 1994): 465–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1994.1037.

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Houlahan, Bridget, and Lilianna Deveneau. "Sadie Heath Cabaniss and Professional School Nursing: Strategic Foundations to Promote Population Health." OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 26, no. 2 (February 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol26no02ppt04.

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School nursing began in New York City, and extended to the southern city of Richmond, Virginia from 1900-1920. Nurse leaders, including Virginia’s Sadie Heath Cabaniss, initiated and replicated community health programs to form and extend the early school nurse movement. This article describes the efforts of Cabaniss and her mentors, based on traditional historical research methods via a social history framework that included examination of numerous primary sources. Cabaniss often crossed lines of geography and culture to establish the Nurses’ Settlement of Richmond and impact school nursing in Richmond. Our analysis and discussion demonstrates that these leaders forged powerful alliances through which they established effective programs of public health. We introduce a framework of four synergistic concepts, the C.A.R.E. Model of Successful Nursing Initiatives. This model reflects the dynamic strategic approaches of collaboration, advocacy, research, and education that Cabaniss and her colleagues used successfully to impact population health through school nursing and considers the potential of the application for nurses of today.

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Port, Waterway, and Beach District, St Augustine, and Florida Sea Grant. "Navigational, Historical and Environmental Perspective of St. Augustine Waterways." EDIS 2005, no. 13 (May 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-sg066-2005.

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St. Augustine, the oldest city in North America, lies at Mile 778 of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, which runs 1095 miles from Norfolk, Virginia, to Miami, Florida. This guide is designed to help boaters enjoy and appreciate the natural and cultural resources accessible from recreational vessels in the St. Augustine area. The maps and text display and describe features from the maritime history of St. Augustine; resources important to boaters and anglers, including marinas, waterfront restaurants, and boat ramps; representative fish and wildlife; the distribution of natural resources, such as salt marshes, estuaries, and beaches; and sources of information and assistance. In addition, the guide offers suggestions for safe navigation and anchoring in area waters, which are subject to tidal currents due to the proximity of St. Augustine Inlet. Do not rely on this guide for navigational purposes. Instead, use the latest nautical charts. The St. Augustine Port, Waterway, and Beach District Commission provided funding for this guide, which was prepared in collaboration with the Florida Sea Grant College Program. Published April 2005.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Virginia City (Mont.) – History'

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