Journal articles: 'Virgin'

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Von Wobeser, Gisela. "Mitos y realidades sobre el origen del culto a la Virgen de Guadalupe." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.355.

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Resumen:El culto a la virgen de Guadalupe tiene su origen remoto en un santuario prehispánico situado en el cerro del Tepeyac, al norte de la ciudad de México, dedicado a la diosa Tonantzin. Hacia 1525, el santuario fue convertido por los frailes evangelizadores en una ermita católica, dedicada a la virgen María. Para dar culto a ésta última, los frailes colocaron en ella una pintura de la Virgen como Inmaculada Concepción, realizada por un indio de nombre Marcos, y a la que pronto se atribuyeron poderes milagrosos. Durante las primeras décadas la ermita fue visitada principalmente por indígenas, pero a mediados del siglo XVII, el culto a la virgen del Tepeyac se extendió a todos los grupos sociales. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, surgió entre indígenas educados a la usanza española una leyenda que daba cuenta del origen de la ermita y de la milagrosa imagen. La leyenda conjuga las dos tradiciones que confluyen en la cultura mexicana: la española y la indígena. Así, a la vez que se inscribe en el marianismo hispánico, fincado en el poder de las imágenes, y sigue un desarrollo narrativo parecido a las leyendas marianas españolas, contiene numerosos elementos de raigambre indígena que lo sitúan dentro de la tradición de los pueblos prehispánicos.Palabras clave: Virgen María, apariciones, culto mariano, leyendas fundacionales, imágenes marianas, vírgenes milagrosas, virgen de Guadalupe, evangelización.**********************************************************Myths and realities about the origen of the worship of Guadalupe’s virginAbstract:The worship of the Guadalupe’s virgin has its origins from the remote Pre-Hispanic sanctuary established on the hill of Tepeyac, in the north of Mexico City, consecrated to the female god Tonatzin. Around 1525, the Sanctuary was transformed by the evangelize friars in a catholic shrine dedicated to Virgin Mary. The legend conjugates two traditions that converge in the Mexican culture. So, at the time it is subscribed to the Hispanic Marians, supported on the power of the images and it continues a narrative development so similar with the Hispanic Marian legends; it contains, also, numerous elements from the indigenous culture, achieving a position of tradition in the Pre-Hispanic towns. Key words: Virgin Mary, apparition; Marian worship, founder legends, Marian images, miracle virgin, Guadeloupe’s virgin, evangelization.*********************************************************Mitos e realidades sobre a origem do culto à Virgem de GuadalupeResumo:O culto à virgem de Guadalupe tem sua origem remota num santuário pré-hispânico situado no cerro do Tepeyac, ao norte da cidade do México, dedicado à deusa Tonantzin. Pelo ano de 1525, o santuário foi convertido pelos freis evangelizadores num eremitério católico, dedicado à virgem Maria. Para cultuar a essa última, os freis colocaram nela uma pintura da Virgem como Imaculada Concepção, realizada por um índio de nome Marcos, e a qual rapidamente foram atribuídos poderes milagrosos. Durante as primeiras décadas o eremitério foi visitado principalmente por indígenas, mas nos meados do século XVII, o culto à virgem do Tepeyac se estendeu a todos os grupos sociais. Durante a segunda metade do século XVI surgiu entre indígenas educados à moda espanhola uma lenda que dava conta da origem do eremitério milagrosa imagem. A lenda conjuga as duas tradições que confluem na cultura mexicana: a espanhola e a indígena. Assim sendo, à vez que se inscreve no marianismo hispânico, fundamentado no poder das imagens, e segue um desenvolvimento narrativo semelhante às lendas marianas espanhoas, contem numerosos elementos de reminiscência indígena que o situam dentro da tradição dos povos pré-hispânicos. Palavras chave: Virgem Maria, aparições, culto mariano, lendas originárias, imagens marianas, virgens miraculosas, virgem de Guadalupe, evangelização.

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Ewing, A. W., and L. S. Ewing. "Courtship of Drosophila Melanogaster in Large Observation Chambers: the Influence of Female Reproductive State." Behaviour 101, no. 1-3 (1987): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00477.

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Abstract1. Mixed sex groups of D. melanogaster were observed in large observation chambers in which food was available. The ratio of mated to virgin females was 3:1. 2. Fertilised females spent more time feeding than virgins and virgin flies spent more time in locomotor activity. 3. Most courtship behaviour took place on the food and consequently mated females received more courtships. 4. To test whether fertilised females were excluding virgin females from the food, groups of females without males were observed. The groups were composed either of virgin, or of a mixture of virgin and mated females. The results showed that even in the absence of fertilised females virgins fed less and were more active. There was no evidence that mated females excluded the virgins. 5. The adaptive significance of the observations is discussed in relation to dispersal from the site of eclosion, oviposition and remating.

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Meuwly, Marion, Joan-Carles Suris, Diane Auderset, Sophie Stadelmann, and Yara Barrense-Dias. "Virgins at age 26: who are they?" Sexual Health 18, no. 4 (2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh21019.

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Background Studies on virgins remain scarce. This study explores the characteristics of virgin young adults, the reasons for remaining virgin, and its potential social and health implications. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2017 Swiss study on sexual health and behaviour among young adults. A total of 5175 participants (mean age 26 years ± 0.01) were divided into virgins and non-virgins. Virginity was defined as never having had a sexual partner, defined as a person with whom the participant has had sexual contact with or without penetration. Results: A total of 275 (5.3% (95% CI: 4.7–6.0), 58% males) were virgins. Virgins had higher odds of being male (aOR: 2.27 (95% CI: 1.62–3.17)) and reporting poorer health (1.43 (1.07–1.92)). They had lower odds of living on their own (0.24 (0.18–0.32)), being satisfied with their social life (0.78 (0.72–0.85)), having experimented with substances (e.g. drunkenness, 0.27 (0.19–0.67)) and having used online dating (0.52 (0.26–1.12)) or pornography (0.67 (0.42–0.94)). The main reason for remaining virgin was ‘I have not found the right person’ for females, and ‘I have not had the occasion’ for males. Conclusions: Among young adults, 1 in 20 is a virgin. Virgins do not seem to have gone through the usual experimentations of adolescence, are less socially driven and reported more health challenges. The main reason for remaining a virgin reveals gender-stereotyped responses. Sexual inactivity among young adults should be considered by health professionals to ensure the absence of distress and open discussion for potential questions.

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Snedden, W., and Michael Greenfield. "Virgins are Louder: The Effect of Mating on Acoustic Signaling in Sagebrush Crickets." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 19 (January 1, 1995): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1995.3255.

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Female sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans, feed on the male's hind wings during copulation. Because removal of hind wing material during mating may alter male acoustic signal characteristics and account for a virgin male mating advantage (Morris et al. 1989; Snedden, in press) we recorded virgin and mated males in the field, and virgins before and after surgical excision of a portion of the hind wings. We found no significant differences in signal spectral characteristics or pulse rate between virgin and mated males following hindÂwing excision. However, the signal amplitude of laboratory recorded virgins was greater than that of mated males, and song amplitude was reduced in manipulated males. In contrast, signal amplitude was lower in field recorded virgins than mated males.

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Villaverde, Xabier. "La Virgen de Quito. Un símbolo de la fe y de la ciudad de Quito." Colloquia, Academic Journal of Culture and Thought 2 (July 5, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31207/colloquia.v2i0.7.

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The image referred to as Virgen de Quito, an art work by Bernardo de Legarda, sculptor and painter belonging to the Baroque Quito School of Art, is an artistic and religious referent for said city. It has been discussed whether the image is inspired in the Virgin of the Apocalypse, in the Immaculate Conception or in the Virgin of the Assumption. According to the author, complete identification between the Virgin of the Apocalypse and the Immaculate Conception is an iconographic synthesis originated in Spain by the end of the 16th Century. The same occurred later on with the advocation of the Virgin of the Assumption, which accepts the statement that Virgin Mary rose up to Heaven. Such dogma is very close to that of the Immaculate Conception. Therefore, it can be affirmed that any of the three aforementioned denominations applied to the Virgen de Quito may be correct. This paper also synthesizes which images are considered to be forerunners to this emblematic work of art, whose hybridization between the European and the Indigenous appears as a feature of our Baroque.

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Davey, K. G., I. K. Maimets, and R. P. Ruegg. "The relationship between crop size and egg production in Rhodnius prolixus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-385.

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Earlier work showed that the number of eggs produced by a virgin female is smaller than that produced by a mated female. The current paper shows that this results not from a difference in rates of egg production, but from the operation of the same linear rate for different times. Denervating the corpus allatum in virgin females extends the time over which the same rate of egg production operates, thus indicating that the inhibition of egg production in virgin females results from a nervous inhibition of the corpus allatum. The initial rate of emptying of the crop is also approximately linear in both virgin and mated females. Later, crop emptying slows in virgins and remains linear in mated females. When these relationships are disturbed by plugging the anus of females before feeding, the rate of crop emptying in virgins more closely resembles that in mated females, and the difference in egg production between mated and virgin females disappears. These results are put into the context of a hypothesis which predicts that the degree of distension of the crop is an important determinant of the length of time that the corpus allatum remains active.

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Douglas, AJ, HA Johnstone, A. Wigger, R. Landgraf, JA Russell, and ID Neumann. "The role of endogenous opioids in neurohypophysial and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone secretory responses to stress in pregnant rats." Journal of Endocrinology 158, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1580285.

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Endogenous opioid regulation of neurohypophysial and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone secretion in response to forced swimming (90 s in deep water at 19 degrees C) was investigated in virgin and 21-day-pregnant rats. There was no difference in basal plasma oxytocin concentrations between pregnant and virgin rats, but the opioid antagonist, naloxone, increased basal oxytocin secretion in the pregnant rats. Forced swimming increased oxytocin secretion similarly in pregnant and virgin rats, and this response was enhanced by naloxone. In pregnant rats naloxone had a greater effect (by 3.1-fold) than in virgins, showing stronger endogenous opioid restraint of an enhanced oxytocin secretory response to stress in pregnancy. Vasopressin secretion was not increased with forced swimming in virgin or pregnant rats, and naloxone had no effect. ACTH and corticosterone secretion in response to forced swimming was attenuated in pregnant rats compared to virgin rats, measured at 5 min. Naloxone had no effect on basal plasma ACTH or corticosterone concentration, but it reduced ACTH secretion in virgin rats 5 min after forced swimming; in pregnant rats naloxone had no such effect. Naloxone removed the pregnancy-related attenuation in corticosterone secretion measured at 5 min after forced swimming. Fifteen minutes after forced swimming, plasma corticosterone concentrations were not different between groups. In the late-pregnant rats, the increases in plasma ACTH and corticosterone induced by forced swimming were significantly prolonged compared to virgins. The results show that endogenous opioid inhibition emerges in pregnancy to restrict the responses of oxytocin neurones to a stressor. In contrast, the endogenous opioid enhancement of mechanisms regulating HPA axis secretory responses in virgin rats is not evident during pregnancy.

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Benson, G. P. "Virgin Birth, Virgin Conception." Expository Times 98, no. 5 (February 1987): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452468709800504.

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Stypułkowska, Beata. "Virginity as a gift and a task for a consecrated virgin." Analecta Cracoviensia 55 (December 5, 2023): 149–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/acr.5506.

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The present paper is focused on the problem of consecrated virginity. A consecrated virgin is a sign of Church’s love for Christ, what situates the consecrated virgin in the community of the Church essentially as a prophetic person and a kind of example for other faithful. Her virginity, which is her characteristic feature, is for her both a gift from God and a task to realize within her vocation. Consecration of a virgin means the establishment of a spousal covenant between her and Christ. Therefore the first paragraph focuses the attention on Christ as a Bridegroom both of the Church and of every Christian, and finally of every consecrated virgin. The second paragraph discusses the virginity as a gift both to Mary and to the Church, as well as to the consecrated virgin. The third paragraph deals with the tasks of the consecrated virgin resulting from her virginity. The present paper is the ninth Author’s publication concerning the individual forms of consecrated life. The presented viewpoint is a formational proposition for both consecrated virgins and candidates for consecration.

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Venema, Dennis R. "Enhancing Undergraduate Teaching and Research with a Drosophila Virginizing System." CBE—Life Sciences Education 5, no. 4 (December 2006): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.06-03-0152.

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Laboratory exercises using Drosophila crosses are an effective pedagogical method to complement traditional lecture and textbook presentations of genetics. Undergraduate thesis research is another common setting for using Drosophila. A significant barrier to using Drosophila for undergraduate teaching or research is the time and skill required to accurately collect virgins for use in controlled crosses. Erroneously collecting males or nonvirgin females contaminates crosses with unintended genotypes and confounds the results. Collecting adequate numbers of virgins requires large amounts of time, even for those skilled in virgin collection. I have adapted an effective method for virgin collection that eliminates these concerns and is straightforward to use in undergraduate settings. Using a heat-shock–induced, conditional lethal transgene specifically in males, male larvae can be eliminated from a culture before adults eclose. Females thus eclose in the absence of males and remain virgin, eliminating the need to laboriously score and segregate freshly eclosed females. This method is reliable, easily adaptable to any desired phenotypic marker, and readily scaleable to provide sufficient virgins for large laboratory classes or undergraduate research projects. In addition, it allows instructors lacking Drosophila expertise to use this organism as a pedagogical tool.

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Hines, T., and W. M. Barron. "Effect of sinoaortic denervation on pressor responses in pregnant rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): R1100—R1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.6.r1100.

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We tested the hypothesis that augmented arterial baroreflex activity contributes to attenuation of pressor responses in intact pregnant animals by comparing changes in blood pressure and heart rate during infusions of angiotensin II, phenylephrine, and vasopressin in chronically instrumented pregnant and virgin rats approximately 5 wk after sinoaortic denervation (SAD) or sham surgery. Baseline mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in pregnant animals in both the sham-operated (pregnant 91.7 +/- 1.7 mmHg, virgin 103.7 +/- 2.5 mmHg) and SAD states (pregnant 107.3 +/- 4.0 mmHg, virgin 114.1 +/- 4.0 mmHg). Pressor responses to all three agents were significantly blunted in pregnant animals compared with similarly treated virgins, with the magnitude of attenuation similar in both sham and SAD states. Heart rate decreased similarly in reflex-intact pregnant and virgin animals during pressor infusions. These findings suggest that attenuated pressor responses in the pregnant rat are due primarily to mechanisms other than augmentation of arterial baroreflex activity and are consistent with a generalized reduction in vascular sensitivity during gestation.

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Lenaghan, Patrick. "Luisa Roldán’s Virgin of Solitude (Virgen de la Soledad)." Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/714901.

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Carcea, Ioana, Naomi López Caraballo, Bianca J. Marlin, Rumi Ooyama, Justin S. Riceberg, Joyce M. Mendoza Navarro, Maya Opendak, et al. "Oxytocin neurons enable social transmission of maternal behaviour." Nature 596, no. 7873 (August 11, 2021): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03814-7.

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AbstractMaternal care, including by non-biological parents, is important for offspring survival1–8. Oxytocin1,2,9–15, which is released by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is a critical maternal hormone. In mice, oxytocin enables neuroplasticity in the auditory cortex for maternal recognition of pup distress15. However, it is unclear how initial parental experience promotes hypothalamic signalling and cortical plasticity for reliable maternal care. Here we continuously monitored the behaviour of female virgin mice co-housed with an experienced mother and litter. This documentary approach was synchronized with neural recordings from the virgin PVN, including oxytocin neurons. These cells were activated as virgins were enlisted in maternal care by experienced mothers, who shepherded virgins into the nest and demonstrated pup retrieval. Virgins visually observed maternal retrieval, which activated PVN oxytocin neurons and promoted alloparenting. Thus rodents can acquire maternal behaviour by social transmission, providing a mechanism for adapting the brains of adult caregivers to infant needs via endogenous oxytocin.

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Sakaluk, Scott, Geoffrey Owner, Colleen McGrath, Charles Collins, Jennifer Adams, Eric Bastien, Nathan Jarvis, et al. "Time of Eclosion and Mating Success of Male Sagebrush Crickets." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 35 (January 1, 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2012.3923.

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Few studies have measured multivariate sexual selection acting on the sexual signals of male insects in wild populations. Sagebrush crickets are ideally suited to such investigations because mating imposes an unambiguous phenotypic marker on males arising from nuptial feeding by females. However, an important assumption underlying such studies is that males collected as virgins and those collected as non-virgins had equal opportunities to mate, an assumption that may be violated if males eclose (i.e. emerge following pupation) at different times of the breeding season. If mated males are those in the population that eclosed earlier and hence had a longer period to obtain matings than males in the virgin group, then differences in the songs of virgin and mated males could simply be an artifact of age-related changes in male morphology as opposed to a causal factor underlying variation in male mating success. Accordingly, we conducted a mark-recapture study to determine if there is an association between first appearance in the population and the likelihood of mating in free-living males. We captured all of the virgin males calling in the study population and marked them uniquely with a numbered tag. Subsequently, we tracked the mating success of 98 male subjects through the mid-point of the breeding season. There was no significant effect of date of capture (a proxy for time of eclosion) on time to mating. We conclude, therefore, that any differences in the songs of virgin and mated males stems from their effect on male mating success and not from any age-related effects.

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Kristensen, C. G., Y. Nakagawa, F. L. Coe, and M. D. Lindheimer. "Effect of atrial natriuretic factor in rat pregnancy." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): R589—R594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.4.r589.

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Protocols were designed to 1) identify atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) bioactivity in pregnant rats, 2) compare ANF activity in atria from gravid and virgin Sprague-Dawley animals, and 3) assess renal and vascular responsiveness to ANF during gestation. Similar quantities of ANF were extracted from atria of term gravid and age-matched controls (assayed as the natriuretic response in awake virgins). We then purified by high-performance liquid chromatography a peptide identical to the synthetic 23 amino acid atriopeptin II (AP II). With equimolar injections of ANF, gravid rats had a blunted natriuretic response (P less than 0.05). However, when dose was based on estimated extracellular volume, awake virgin and pregnant animals displayed similar highly significant dose-response curves to infused AP II (R's 0.8). When hydropenic rats were assayed, both gravid and virgins required 10 times more ANF to initiate a diuresis; dose-response curves again being similar and highly significant. Decrements in blood pressure were also similar in pregnant and nongravid animals. Thus, despite an increased intravascular volume of 70% during gestation, cardiac content of ANF and the renal and vascular responsiveness to this peptide are similar to those in virgin rats, suggesting resetting of ANF-volume relationships during pregnancy.

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Michaud, J. P. "Differences in foraging behaviour between virgin and mated aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-212.

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The influence of mating status on foraging behaviour was examined in the parasitoid wasps Aphidius smithi Sharma &Subba Rao, Ephedrus californicus Baker, Monoctonus paulensis (Ashmead), Praon pequodorum Viereck, and Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Virgin females of A. smithi, M. paulensis, and P. pequodorum abandoned bean shoots infested with pea aphid, Acyrthosiphum pisum (Harris), earlier than did their mated counterparts. Virgin females of all species except L. testaceipes (host Aphis fabae Scop.) attacked fewer aphids within a patch than did mated females, and parasitized fewer hosts in a 2-h period. Females therefore tend to produce a smaller brood within a patch when unable to fertilize their eggs and produce daughters. Mated females of A. smithi and M. paulensis superparasitized more aphids than did unmated females of these species. Females of all species mated successfully and produced daughters after ovipositing as virgins. The possible fitness consequences of distinct virgin oviposition tactics are discussed.

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Masilamani, S., L. Castro, and C. Baylis. "Pregnant rats are refractory to the natriuretic actions of atrial natriuretic peptide." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): R1611—R1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.6.r1611.

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Normal pregnant women and rats undergo a volume expansion. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is involved in volume homeostasis and is stimulated in response to volume expansion in nonpregnant animals, resulting in natriuresis and diuresis. The conscious, chronically catheterized rat was used to measure mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and renal responses to administered ANP (160 ng.kg-1.min-1 i.v.) to determine if the actions of ANP are altered by pregnancy. These experiments examined virgin (n = 7) and pregnant rats, studied on gestational days 7-9 (n = 9) and 15-17 (n = 7). Renal clearance studies (with inulin and p-aminohippurate) were conducted in control conditions and during 60 min of ANP infusion. After the ANP infusion, plasma ANP concentrations were measured in virgin and pregnant rats. MABP fell with ANP infusion to similar absolute values in virgins (112 +/- 2 to 80 +/- 6 mmHg), 7- to 9-day pregnant (114 +/- 2 to 91 +/- 3 mmHg), and 15- to 17-day pregnant (107 +/- 2 to 88 +/- 4 mmHg) rats although the percent decline in MABP in 15- to 17-day pregnant rats was less than in virgins. Plasma ANP concentrations were similar in all groups. ANP had no effect on glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or renal vascular resistance in virgin or pregnant rats. ANP increased sodium excretion in virgins and in 7- to 9-day pregnant rats (+102 +/- 27 and +135 +/- 47%, respectively) but not in 15- to 17-day pregnant animals (+23 +/- 22%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Khan, Hamid R., Mary Lou Ashton, Spencer T. Mukai, and A. S. M. Saleuddin. "The effects of mating on the fine structure of neurosecretory caudodorsal cells in Helisoma duryi (Mollusca)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-184.

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The hermaphroditic snail Helisoma duryi does not lay eggs if raised as a virgin in isolation or when castrated. The fine structure of its neurosecretory caudodorsal cells (CDC), which produce the putative egg-laying hormone, was studied in reproductively inactive virgin and castrated snails and compared with that of the reproductively active mated snails, using electron microscopy, tannic acid incubation technique, and electron microscope autoradiography after injection of [3H]leucine. The CDC of virgin and castrated snails accumulate large numbers of elementary granules and appear synthetically inactive, whereas the CDC of mated snails contain fewer elementary granules and possess features characteristic of increased protein synthesis. The flattened cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the CDC of the virgins become swollen 3 h after first mating. In tannic acid incubated tissues, more released granules were seen in CDC from snails 12 h after first mating than in CDC from virgin and castrated snails. Autoradiography showed more silver grains on the CDC from snails 12–48 h after first mating than on those from snails 3–6 h after first mating. It is suggested that, in Helisoma, mating provides a stimulus to the CDC for increased protein synthesis and release of the putative egg-laying hormone.

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Wright, David, and John Schaefer. "Virgin Music." Musical Times 131, no. 1772 (October 1990): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/966512.

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Dean, Diana. "Blessed Virgin." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 46, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/dialjmormthou.46.1.0157.

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Serlin, David. "Virgin Territories." Radical History Review 2022, no. 142 (January 1, 2022): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9397101.

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Abstract In this wide-ranging conversation, David Serlin (University of California, San Diego) and Roland Betancourt (University of California, Irvine) discuss questions of sexual consent and sexual violence in the visual culture of early Christian art as inspired by Betancourt’s recent book, Byzantine Intersectionality: Sexuality, Gender, and Race in the Middle Ages (2020). Drawing on rare manuscripts and other objects of worship from institutional archives, Betancourt analyzes and contextualizes numerous Byzantine visual texts featuring often confounding representations of sexual acts or gendered behavior that later Christian interpreters would treat as conventional or settled. For Betancourt, early Christian authors and artists were far more open to troubling and experimenting with depictions of sexual and gendered narratives than many medievalists (and, importantly, non-medievalists) have been trained to see.

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Freeman-Attwood, Jonathan. "Virgin Bach." Musical Times 130, no. 1759 (September 1989): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1193536.

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Anderson, Robert, Spontini, Soloists, Chorus; amp &, Orchestra of La Scala, Riccardo Muti, Mercadante, et al. "Virgin Territory." Musical Times 137, no. 1836 (February 1996): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1003693.

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Sorensen, Simon, Gu Hua, and Howard Goldblatt. "Virgin Widows." World Literature Today 72, no. 1 (1998): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40153718.

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Zhang, Jingyuan, Gu Hua, and Howard Goldblatt. "Virgin Widows." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) 19 (December 1997): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/495104.

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Robbins, Liz. "[The virgin]." Cream City Review 37, no. 2 (2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ccr.2013.0045.

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Battersby, Stephen. "Virgin Callisto." Nature 387, no. 6630 (May 1997): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387237b0.

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Treier, Daniel J. "Virgin Territory?" Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106385121402300401.

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Pomerantz, William J., and Steven J. Isakowitz. "Virgin Galactic." New Space 1, no. 4 (December 2013): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/space.2013.0023.

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Vignali, Claudio. "Virgin Cola." British Food Journal 103, no. 2 (March 2001): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700110694843.

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31

Gernet, Hermann. "Virgin Formulas." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 29, no. 6 (June 2003): 1056–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(03)00402-4.

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32

Butlin, Roger K. "Virgin rotifers." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 10 (October 2000): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01937-6.

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33

Robinson, David, and Warren Baverstock. "Virgin birth." New Scientist 217, no. 2909 (March 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)60749-6.

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34

Humphrey, Michael. "Virgin births." Lancet 337, no. 8744 (March 1991): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91423-r.

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35

Lawton, Ben. "Virgin flair." BMJ 326, Suppl S5 (May 1, 2003): 0305173a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0305173a.

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36

Steward, D. E. "Wise Virgin." Missouri Review 10, no. 2 (1987): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1987.0074.

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37

Cayley, J. "Virgin Birth." Postgraduate Medical Journal 70, no. 830 (December 1, 1994): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.70.830.942.

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38

Carleton, C. M. "The British Virgin Islands/Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Anguilla/US Virgin Islands." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 9, no. 2 (1994): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180894x00124.

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39

Turgumbayev, A. A., S. V. Levykin, G. V. Kazachkov, and I. G. Yakovlev. "CONSEQUENCES OF THE VIRGIN LAND MEGAPROJECT: VIRGIN LAND SPACE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT." Geography and water resources, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55764/2957-9856/2024-1-41-50.6.

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The results of studies of the eastern sector of Eurasia's steppe zone from the Volga region to the Altai on the subject of the dynamics of the steppe titularity are presented. The rapid and almost complete replacement of zonal steppe ecosystems on the plains with grain fields, which was produced by the Soviet Virgin Land Megaproject, formed a specific virgin space in the steppe zone. As a result of subsequent transformations, it developed into a post-virgin space, then transformed into an agro-export one. The leading factors of the formation of these spaces, their main qualitative characteristics, and specific features are described. The totality of the Virgin Land megaproject and the mass abandonment of fields, which has shown the self-restoring potential of the steppes, are considered as a unique experiment in the renewal of steppe grass stands. Taking into account the existing and new trends, we suggest an outline of the transition to a compromising space organized according to the principle of optimum economy and natural communities.

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40

Martin, S. M., T. J. Malkinson, W. L. Veale, and Q. J. Pittman. "Fever in pregnant, parturient, and lactating rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): R919—R923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.4.r919.

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Conscious virgin, pregnant, or lactating rats were given intravenous Escherichia coli endotoxin while their temperatures were monitored telemetrically. Virgin females responded to 10-50 micrograms/kg endotoxin with a slight hypothermia, followed by a fever of nearly 2 degrees C magnitude. In pregnant rats given 25 micrograms/kg of the endotoxin, fevers were reduced between 96 h before and 24 h after parturition compared with those seen in virgins or in lactating rats > 24 h postpartum. In the 24-h period before expected time of parturition, no rat developed a fever and the majority of animals became hypothermic; furthermore, in 80% of such animals given 25 micrograms/kg endotoxin, the hypothermia was accompanied by death within 3-15 h. Some mortality and hypothermia were also seen up to 48 h before birth and up to 24 h after birth. No mortality was observed in virgin, pregnant, or lactating rats outside of this time period. We conclude that, around the time of delivery, there is a suppression of fever in the rat and occasional toxic responses to endotoxin.

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Hutchison, S. M., A. E. Tietz, K. A. Trostel, and L. P. Schramm. "Uterine arterial vasoconstrictions mediated by ovarian nerves in virgin and postpartum rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): R318—R325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.1.r318.

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In most mammals, including humans, pregnancy results in the loss of most uterine vasomotor fibers. These experiments determined whether, despite this denervation, sympathetic nerves mediated uterine vasoconstrictions in the rat 24 h after delivery. Both virgin and uniparous postpartum rats were anesthetized with urethan. Femoral vessels were cannulated for measurement of arterial pressure and intravenous administration of fluids and drugs. Blood flow was measured in a uterine artery after ligation of all anastomotic ovarian vessels. Electrical stimulation of ovarian nerve efferents elicited frequency-dependent uterine vasoconstrictions in both virgin and postpartum rats. Vasoconstrictions in postpartum rats were not significantly different from those observed in virgins. In both virgin and postpartum rats, neurogenic vasoconstrictions were reduced by combined alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic blockade. We conclude that the uterine branches of the ovarian nerve mediate adrenergic uterine vasoconstrictions. In the largely denervated uterus of the postpartum rat, these vasoconstrictions may be mediated by surviving innervation of the uterine artery and its major branches. Sympathetic vasoconstriction acting at these sites would constitute an effective defense against postpartum hemorrhage.

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Baylis, C., C. Brango, and K. Engels. "Renal effects of moderate hemorrhage in the conscious pregnant rat." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): F945—F949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.6.f945.

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Studies were performed in conscious, chronically catheterized virgin, 8- to 9-day-pregnant, and 15- to 16-day-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats in baseline state and after removal of 7.5% total blood volume. Measurements were made of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), arterial blood pressure (AP), and urinary electrolyte excretion. In baseline state, GFR and RPF were elevated at days 8-9 and days 15-16 of pregnancy (vs. virgins) due to a gestational renal vasodilation. The fall in hematocrit indicates substantial plasma volume expansion by days 15-16 of pregnancy. After removal of 7.5% total blood volume, little change occurred in AP in any group. However, the renal vasculature provided a sensitive response to moderate hemorrhage, since RPF fell and RVR increased similarly in virgin, 8- to 9-day- and 15- to 16-day-pregnant rats. GFR was protected in virgin and 8- to 9-day-pregnant rats but fell significantly in late pregnancy. Urinary electrolyte excretion tended to fall but was not significantly reduced by hemorrhage in any group. These studies indicate that renal vascular response to moderate hemorrhage is similar in virgin, early, and late pregnancy. Thus effector mechanisms that sense volume and regulate RVR must be continually reset to respond to progressive plasma volume expansion of pregnancy as normal.

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Joyner, J., L. A. A. Neves, K. Stovall, C. M. Ferrario, and K. B. Brosnihan. "Angiotensin-(1-7) serves as an aquaretic by increasing water intake and diuresis in association with downregulation of aquaporin-1 during pregnancy in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 294, no. 3 (March 2008): R1073—R1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00572.2007.

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We previously demonstrated that kidney and urine levels of angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] were increased in pregnancy. To explore the role of ANG-(1-7) on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during pregnancy, we evaluated the effect of the ANG-(1-7) antagonist d-alanine-[ANG-(1-7)] (A-779) on kidney function. Virgin and pregnant rats received infusion of vehicle or A-779 (48 μg·kg−1·h−1) for 8 days by osmotic minipumps. Metabolic studies were done on treatment day 7–8. Virgin and pregnant rats at day 15 and 19 were killed, and blood and kidneys were collected. Kidneys were prepared for Western blot analysis for aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-2. In virgin female rats, A-779 increased urine volume and decreased urinary osmolality and AQP1 with no change in water intake. In 19-day pregnant rats, A-779 significantly decreased water intake and urine volume and increased urinary osmolality and kidney AQP1 expression. Only in late gestation did A-779 treatment decrease the difference between intake and output (balance). A-779 treatment increased plasma vasopressin in late gestation but did not change vasopressin in virgins. In virgin and pregnant animals, A-779 administration had no effect on blood pressure, plasma volume, blood volume, or urinary electrolytes. These results suggest that ANG-(1-7) produces antidiuresis associated with upregulation of AQP1 in virgin rats, whereas ANG-(1-7) produces diuresis in late gestation with downregulation of AQP1. ANG-(1-7) contributes to the enhanced water intake during pregnancy, allowing maintenance of the normal volume-expanded state despite diuresis produced in part by decreased AVP and AQP1.

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Pascoal, I. F., M. D. Lindheimer, C. Nalbantian-Brandt, and J. G. Umans. "Contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric microvessels from pregnant rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): H1899—H1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.6.h1899.

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We assessed KCl- and phenylephrine (PE)-induced vasoconstriction as well as acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in small, isometrically mounted mesenteric arteries from virgin and gravid rats, studied in the absence and presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). Neither maximal vasoconstriction nor PE potency differed significantly between vessels from virgin and pregnant rats, either in the absence or presence of L-NNA. L-NNA resulted in similar twofold leftward shifts in the PE dose-response curves for both groups. ACh-induced relaxation was potentiated in vessels from gravid rats (half-maximum effective concentration = 0.25 vs. 0.04 microM, virgin and gravid rats, respectively). After L-NNA, maximal relaxation was inhibited significantly more in vessels from gravid rats (62 vs. 31%). Likewise, maximal slope of ACh dose-response curves and ACh potency were decreased in this group so that values no longer differed from those in virgins. We conclude that pregnancy does not alter basal nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in these isolated microvessels, but it does enhance ACh-induced NO release, while apparently inhibiting the action of a NO-independent, endothelium-derived vasodilator.

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45

Talbot, Eliane. "Florecimiento del patronazgo de la Candelaria a orillas del lago Titicaca con la imagen de Copacabana." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 18 (October 5, 2011): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2011.35.

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The objective of this work is to study the establishment and diffusion of one of the most famous Marian worships, the one of the Virgin of Candelaria, in one of the sanctuaries of greater notoriety in Hispano–America: Copacabana. This worship bloomed thanks to an old association of the Virgin Mary with the metaphor of the light which could embody a large variaty of meanings: It helped to escape the dangers of the sea, to have abundant harvests, to leave the galleries of a mine and to turn the Indians to Christianity. In Copacabana, the cult to the Virgin facilitated the implantation of evangelisation. Furthermore, the cult would not have achieved the success that it had without the fervent participation of the Christian Spaniards who became its more devotee faithfuls.El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la implantación y difusión de uno de los patronazgos marianos más famosos, el de la Candelaria, en uno de los santuarios de mayor notoriedad en Hispano–América: el de Copacabana. Este culto floreció gracias a una antigua asociación de la Virgen con una metáfora que, como la de la luz, encarnaba significados muy variados: ayudaba a escapar de los peligros del mar, tener cosechas abundantes, salir de los socavones de una mina, convertir a los indios al cristianismo. En Copacabana, el culto a la Virgen facilitó la implantación de la evangelización, pero no hubiera alcanzado el éxito que tuvo sin la fervorosa participación de los españoles cristianos que se constituyeron en sus más fieles devotos.

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46

DiGangi, Mario. "Queer Virgins and Virgin Queans on the Early Modern Stage (review)." Shakespeare Quarterly 53, no. 3 (2002): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/shq.2003.0006.

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Michalik, J., B. Chojnicka, and B. Cymborowski. "Vitellogenesis in virgin and mated females of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor." Acta Biochimica Polonica 43, no. 4 (December 31, 1996): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1996_4458.

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A comparison between vitellogenesis in virgin and mated females of Tenebrio molitor showed significant differences at each investigated developmental stage. Yolk protein deposition in oocytes, measured as an increase in their size parameters (length, width, and volume), proceeded much faster and was more efficient in mated females as compared to virgins. In fertilized females the gonadotropic cycle showed a cyclicity with an eight-day period while virgin females finish their vitellogenic stage after the first cycle. These differences were reflected in changes in the rate of protein synthesis in the fat body of females completing vitellogenesis or entering the next oogenetic cycle. In the haemolymph, in addition to a large (158 kDa) and two small (56 kDa and 45 kDa) subunits of vitellogenin, there was an abundance of proteins of 80 kDa and 60 kDa.

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Sathiyaseelan, Sinduja. "Women vs modernity in Rajinikanth's Tamil-language films: The mother, the good woman, the modern virgin and the angry feminist." Studies in South Asian Film & Media 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/safm_00012_1.

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Abstract This article presents criticism on Tamil-language films starring the iconic Indian actor Rajinikanth, focusing on the development of female characters as battlegrounds between tradition and modernity. Within the framework of Rajinikanth films as nationalistic projects in which the gendered portrayals of characters are tied up with notions of patriotism and duty, female characters in Rajinikanth films almost always conform to four stereotypes: the goddess mother, the traditional good woman, the modern virgin, and the angry modern feminist. Using close reading and a broad chronological survey of Rajinikanth's filmography, this article highlights the modern virgin stereotype as a mediating force between tradition and modernity, and argues that the predictable reconstitution of modern virgins into traditional good wives betrays growing fears of modernity and globalization within Tamil culture.

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Daniel-Hughes, Carly. "‘‘Wear the Armor of Your Shame!’’: Debating Veiling and the Salvation of the Flesh in Tertullian of Carthage." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 39, no. 2 (June 2010): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429810362315.

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In the early third century, Tertullian (approx. 150—220 C.E.) penned On the Veiling of Virgins to cajole unveiled virgin women to cover their heads. While scholars have read the treatise primarily as evidence of his misogyny or his attempt to establish a male ecclesiology, this article examines it as evidence of a debate between Tertullian and virgin women in Carthage over the nature of a woman’s flesh and the possibility of its transformation. Employing Judith Butler’s conception of performativity, I consider how Tertullian connects veiling to his conception of the salvation of the flesh, and why he perceives the virgins’ unveiling a visible contestation (or, in Butler’s terms, a performative undoing) of that vision. For Tertullian, the flesh is both corruptible and shameful and only transformed through Christ’s death and resurrection. Across his writings, women’s flesh serves as evidence of the degradation of the human condition. The notion that women’s flesh indicates sordidness also underlies his complaint against the virgins who ‘‘expose’’ their heads. In On the Veiling of Virgins, Tertullian employs a host of cultural discourses—most especially the notion that a woman’s head indicates her genitalia, and materialistic conceptions of vision that cast the gaze as erotic and intrusive—in order to establish veiling as the outward sign of a Christian woman’s shame. Ultimately, however, connecting his vision of salvation to the performance of veiling, he reveals why unveiling threatens this link. When virgins refuse to veil, they suggest that their flesh does not signal shame, but instead reveals their exalted spiritual status.

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Anita, Anita. "Kajian Kajian Historis Novel Perawan Remaja Dalam Cengkeraman Militer Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer." Santhet: (Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan, dan Humaniora) 6, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v6i1.1886.

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The problems examined in this study are: 1) how is the history of Indonesian women's lives in the Novel Virgin Adolescents in the Grip of the Military? The purpose of this research is to find out the lives of Indonesian women in the novel of the virgin teenager in the military grip. historical research methods (Historical Methods). The steps in historical method research include: heuristics, verification (source criticism), interpretation and historiography. The source of the data used is the Novel Adolescent Virgins in the Cengkaran of the Military: Records of the island of Buru by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The results showed that Japanese propaganda in the promise to educate the Indonesian generation so that they could devote themselves to independence, the promise to send Indonesian teenage virgins to Tokyo and Shonanto which was never officially announced, especially not listed in the Osamu Serei (State Gazette), resulted in many parents giving up girls to leave their hometowns and families to take dangerous voyages, some even not of their own volition but because of their parents' fear of the Japanese threat. Selecting young virgins to fulfill the sex dreams of Japanese soldiers, some even dying in agony, never got the chance to learn as promised. The suffering they experienced was varied and really shook the feelings of humanity. Not a few teenage virgins who become exiles in the interior of the island of Buru and find it difficult to return to old age.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Virgin'

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