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Academic literature on the topic 'VIRGIN SOIL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "VIRGIN SOIL"

HARALDSEN, T. K. "Effects of cattle slurry and cultivation on air exchange in sandy and silty soils from northern Norway." Agricultural and Food Science 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5623.

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Gas diffusivity and permeability, and air-filled porosity, were measured in undisturbed soil cores at four water potentials between -1.5 kPa and -60 kPa. Virgin (never ploughed) and cultivated sandy and silty soils from two sites in northern Norway were used in the investigation. The cultivated soils had lower air-filled porosity and gas diffusivity than the virgin ones. Application of slurry (50 Mg ha-1) decreased gas diffusivity and changed the relationship between relative diffusivity and air-filled porosity for both the virgin and cultivated sandy soils and the virgin silty soil. The gas permeability of both the virgin and cultivated silty soil was low, and the relative diffusivity at field capacity less than the limit below which plant growth is affected. ;

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Voitkiv, Petro S., and Yevhen A. Ivanov. "Specifics of bulk chemical composition of virgin forest cambisols within the Ukrainian Carpathians." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112038.

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Material composition is one of the most vital components of soil analysis and it which allows to determine the bulk or elemental composition, to get an insight into the total content of chemical elements per the genetic horizons of a soil profile against the soilforming rock, and to identify the direction of soil formation processes, that is, to establish the genesis of soils. The study objective supposed both the identification of bulk chemical composition (BCC) specifics peculiar to cambisols (acc. the WRB) located beneath different virgin forest ecosystems and the change caused by the composition of soil-forming rock, specifics of mountainous terrain and climatic conditions. The study subject is cambisol of virgin (beech and coniferous) ecosystems formed at the eluvium-deluvium flysch with prevailing sandstones, argillites and siltstones. The study scope is bulk chemical composition of beech and coniferous forest cambisols within the Ukrainian Carpathians and its transformation. Comparative-geographical, comparative-profile, analytical and statistical methods have been used accounting for the above objective. The bulk chemical composition has been determined under the method devised by E.V. Arinushkina. Recalculations and ratios have been used to analyse data on the bulk chemical composition of soils. Our article provides the results of the study of bulk chemical composition of cambisols located beneath beech and the coniferous virgin forests. Changes occurred in this, one of the most conservative, soil substance, under the influence of phytocenotic diversity of virgin forest ecosystems and soil species, are analysed, the nature and direction of changes as well as their main regularities are identified. Molecular ratios for the genetic soil horizons are calculated since they testify the removal of elements outside the soil profile boundaries and are the main factor used to assess the direction of cambisols soil-forming process. The article considers the content of constitutional water and the ratio of change in the siliceous soil part. Results obtained allow suggesting intrinsic weathering in the soils under study. Major reasons of changes in the bulk chemical composition of virgin forest cambisols are caused by the character of vegetation, its aggressiveness with respect to the soil mineral content, by climatic features that affect processes of soil formation in mountainous areas depending on the vertical zonality, and by the composition of soil-forming rocks being the substrate for the studied soils. SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 oxides form the predominant bulk chemical composition of virgin forest cambisols in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Their total content ranges from 65.59 to 87.56 %. The mineral base of virgin forest cambisols is SiO2 and its content in virgin forest cambisols amounts up to 63.46 - 75.03 %, Al2O3 sesquioxide content is 13.16 - 17.14 %, Fe2O3 content is 4.25 - 6.83 %. Molecular ratios in cambisols located beneath the beech virgin forests postulate the removal of sesquioxides out from a soil profile. For instance, the ratios of SiO2/Fe2O3 in beech virgin forests cambisols are 42.8 - 44.61 and they decrease sharply at the soil profile bottom to 26.35, i.e. the removal of Fe2O3 sesquioxide out from a soil profile is observed. The molar ratio of SiO2/R2O3 in cambisols located beneath coniferous virgin forests is narrower than in beech virgin forest cambisols and amounts up to 5.64 - 5.81, which is due to the lower content of SiO2 oxide and higher number of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 sesquioxides. The analysis of leach factor indices shows that leaching of Calcium and Magnesium oxides is observed in these soils. However, leaching in cambisols located beneath the beech virgin forests is less intense than in cambisols located beneath the coniferous virgin forests. Leaching of Sodium and Potassium oxides in cambisols located beneath the beech virgin forests is minor, and in cambisols located beneath the coniferous virgin forests is weakly expressed.

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Barbetti, MJ, and K. Sivasithamparam. "Effects of soil pasteurization on root rot, seedling survival and plant dry weight of subterranean clover inoculated with six fungal root pathogens." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870317.

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Subterranean clover was exposed to two levels of inoculum of millet seed colonized by Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma medicaginis, Phytophthora clandestina, Pythium irregulare, or Rhizoctonia solani within pasteurized and unpasteurized field soil from sites with (root rot site) and without (virgin site) a history of subterranean clover root rot at Augusta, W.A., with the aim of establishing their pathogenicity in the presence of other soil organisms including resident pathogens. Introduction of F. avenaceum (2.5% w/w), P. clandestina (0.5 and 2.5%), P. irregulare (0.5 and 2.5%), or R. solani (0.2 and 1.0%) increased damage to tap and lateral roots of subterranean clover in pasteurized and unpasteurized root rot and virgin soils. All fungi tested, with the exception of P. medicaginis (2.0 and 10.0%) or P. medicaginis (2.0 and 10.0%) and F. oxysporum (0.5 and 2.50%), caused reduction of seedling survival in pasteurized root rot and virgin soils respectively. When the soil was unpasteurized, all fungi except F. oxysporum (2.5%) and P. medicaginis (2.0 and 10*0%) in virgin soil, but only P. irregulare (2.5%) or R. solani (0.2 and 1.0%) in root rot soil, reduced seedling survival. In unpasteurized soils plant dry weight was reduced by P. clandestina (2.5%), P. irregulare (0.5 and 2.5%), or R. solani (0.2 and 1.0%) in root rot and virgin soils, but F. oxysporum (0.5%) reduced plant size only in the root rot soil. Within pasteurized soil all fungi, with the exception of P. medicaginis (2.0 and 10.0%) in virgin soil and F. avenaceum (2.5%), P. irregulare (0.5 and 2.5%), or R. solani (0.2%) in root rot soil, caused reduction in plant size. P. clandestina, P. irregulare or R. solani, in particular, and to a lesser extent, P. avenaceum, are capable of causing serious damage to subterranean clover in natural soil.

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Golchin, A., and H. Asgari. "Land use effects on soil quality indicators in north-eastern Iran." Soil Research 46, no. 1 (2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07049.

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Forest and grassland soils in north-eastern Iran are being degraded and destroyed by inappropriate agricultural activities. This study investigated effects of land-use changes on several indicators of soil quality (SQ) in this area. We found higher organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (N) contents in virgin soils (under forests and pastures) than in cultivated soils. Distribution of OC throughout the soil profile was influenced by the type and length of tillage operations performed at different sites. Cultivation reduced OC content of the subsoil (0.50–1.00 m) and contributed to a more uniform distribution of organic matter in the plough layer (0–0.50 m) by mixing upper and lower horizon soils and incorporating of organic inputs to a greater depth. In 4 of 5 sites, tilled soils had lower ECe and SAR values than the virgin soils, but when the water table was near the soil surface, the ECe and SAR values were higher in cultivated sites. This suggests that when the water table is deep, the quality of salt-affected virgin soils may be improved by cultivation and leaching of excess salts to deeper layers. In 4 of 5 sites, the virgin soils had slightly greater clay content than the tilled soils, but these soils also had 41–89% less dispersible clay than their cultivated counterparts. The virgin soils had 2–31-fold greater aggregate stability, 4–33% lower bulk density, 6–31% higher water-holding capacity (at 0.3 bar suction), higher cation exchange capacity (CEC), and higher respiration rate than the cultivated soils. The results of this study indicate that frequent tillage and use of summer fallow deteriorates SQ by decreasing SOC and enhancing soil erosion through decreased structural stability and increased mechanically dispersible clay. The results stress the need for farming practices that preserve OC in soils in order to reduce flooding and erosion risks.

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Swanepoel, P. A., J. Habig, C. C. du Preez, P. R. Botha, and H. A. Snyman. "Biological quality of a podzolic soil after 19 years of irrigated minimum-till kikuyu–ryegrass pasture." Soil Research 52, no. 1 (2014): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13237.

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Conversion of natural rangeland to minimum-tillage kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) based pastures for dairy production in the southern Cape of South Africa, may be beneficial to soil biological quality. The objective was to evaluate whether 19 years of minimum-till kikuyu-ryegrass pasture had altered the distribution and quality of biological properties formerly developed under natural rangeland. An irrigated minimum-till kikuyu-ryegrass pasture soil was compared to virgin soil with natural rangeland. Soil organic matter, soil organic C, active C, microbial biomass C, total N and enzymatic activities (β-glucosidase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) behaved similarly by having higher values in the surface layers of the cultivated pasture soil than in virgin soil, decreased with depth until they become similar at the 200–300 mm depth. Acid phosphatase activity was similar (P > 0.05) between soils. Vertical distribution of potentially mineralizable N was similar (P > 0.05) at 0–100 mm soil depth, but higher (P ≤ 0.01) in the cultivated pasture soil than in the virgin soil. The microbial indicated along with stratification ratios for different biological indicators that the cultivated pasture soil’s ecosystem functionality improved. Soil microbial functional diversity and carbon source utilisation patterns of the cultivated pasture soil and virgin soil was influenced by plant species present and root exudate composition. The soil microbial diversity, as shown by the Shannon-Weaver and Enrichment Indices, was significantly altered between cultivated pasture and the virgin soil, especially at different soil depths. A general appraisal of biological soil properties indicated that conversion of natural fynbos vegetation to irrigated minimum-till kikuyu-ryegrass pasture after 19 years of cultivation on a podzolic soil beneficial.

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Ćwiąkała, Michał, Andrzej Greinert, Joanna Korzeniowska, and Paweł Tarasewicz. "The advantage of virgin soil in rural service road constructions." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 3 (September 11, 2013): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2009.

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Virgin soils as a result of geotechnical processes are element of road’s solid bottom. The bottom ought to have enough capacity and durability which is provided by proper virgin sub-grade’s enhancement. The sub-grade is road’s base course right bottom. It is possible to improve virgin soil’s parameters by road’s hydraulic binding agent. The agent is a mineral frame’s micro-particle extender or enhancement. The researches were focused to define main soil-cement compound’s mechanical parameter called CBR. Compounds consisted of rural virgin soils (five grain-size types) and two hydraulic agent types (endurance rates 3 MPa and 9 MPa). Hydraulic agent’s main component was activated fly ash and white cement (CEM I 42,5 MPa). The ash is from Pątnów Power Plant and is a result of brown coal burning. The researches answered that it is possible to exploit virgin soils in rural service road’s construction thanks to innovative road cements with binding qualities.

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Chizhikov, Vitaliy, A. V. Osipov, Ilya Suminsky, and Katinda Belo. "Modern characteristics of the properties of meadow-boggy soils of rice agrocenosis in the republic of Adygeya." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128506011.

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In this work, changes in the composition and properties of alluvial meadow-boggy soils are considered, with prolonged use in rice crop rotation and not involved in agricultural production - a virgin plot. The morphological differences of meadow-boggy soils of a rice field from a virgin area were revealed, which subsequently determine the properties of the soil cover of the Kuban River delta. The regularities of the interdependence of the granulometric composition of the soil, which lie in the mineralogical composition of alluvial soils and rocks, have been revealed. The tendency of an increase in soil density with an increase in the content of physical clay and silt, as well as an increase in the density of the solid phase of soils, has been established. No significant differences were found in the indices of the agrophysical properties of the subsurface horizons of soils and underlying sediments. The assessment of fertility indicators of meadow-boggy soil of a rice field and virgin analogue is given. Hydromorphic soil-forming processes have led to a significant change in the properties of alluvial deposits and soils involved in the rice crop rotation.

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Medvedev, V. V. "Agrizem as a new 4-dimensional polygenetic formation." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 17, no. 1-2 (January 26, 2016): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041601.

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Morphological (horizontal and vertical profiles of soils), micromorphological (mainly, anisotropism of aggregates and pores), physical properties (structure, density, differential porosity and their transformation for an appreciable length of time – time profiles), features of formation of descending (preferential) and ascending waterstreams were investigated. Chernozems (typical, ordinary, southern) were objects of the research. In the article the results of comparative researches of the soils which are in various conditions of use – from absolutely reserved virgin soil to variants in industrial and experimental conditions are stated. On a virgin soil there are aggregates of mainly isometric roundish form. On an arable land anisotropic lumps (blocks) of the wrong form, the size, as a rule, more than 10 (20) mm, and silting structure dominate. At tillage characteristic stability for a virgin soil pore spaces is broken, the length of a time of one diameter decreases. Pores A are filled with microaggregates and thindispersed not aggregated material. On a virgin soil the density at its analysis in vertical and time aspects throughout 30 years remained a constant. On an arable land, since 30 to depth of 60–80 cm density authentically above (it, most likely, forrow bottom). Under the influence of long tillage mobility of thindispersed parts increase, its reorientation to a place and periodic descending migration from horizon Н (A) in horizon of Hp (АВ1) is observed. Essential feature of ploughed up and especially irrigated soil in comparison with the virgin consists in distinct display of the plastic deformation which are at the bottom of raised consolidation of soil. The structurally-modular structure of soils in the conditions of long arable land in comparison with a virgin soil considerably changes: the quantity agronomical valuable fraction, its water stability, mechanical durability decreases. On an arable land preferential streams of a moisture (or a failure filtration on large pores) are formed. The executed researches of soils in the conditions of a virgin soil and an arable land allow to ascertain that the mode of receipt and the moisture expense, aeration, growth of roots, exchange processes and in general ecological and productive functions on these objects are various. On an arable land soilformation process gets other orientation. As a result of researches essential distinctions between natural and ploughed up soil are established for a long time, and distinctions have appeared so essential that have allowed to confirm – under the influence of long agricultural use the natural soil is transformed in agrizem, has essentially other properties and modes and can quite be called as new polygenetic (natural-anthropogenous) formation. Till now existence of agrizem remains a debatable question and that it was really recognised new soil and has got «the citizenship» rights additional proofs are necessary. Features of agrizem as new soil in comparison with a virgin soil: anisotropism, bimodality of pore spaces, consolidation of soil aggregates, seasonal and long-term dynamics of density and properties, infringement of convertibility of soils owing to loss and labilization of organic substance, occurrence of new horizontal, vertical and time profiles, aridization and biodiversity reduction. Agrizem loses ability to restore inherent in it modal, characteristic for natural analogue, parametres. Owing to strengthening of spatial heterogeneity for agrizem gradual transition from continuality to step-type behaviour of a soil cover, and as a whole – local easing of sod – with reference to chernozems – soil formation process is characteristic. Agrizem as the new type of soil demands reflexion in the nomenclature and classification, the account in division into districts and the differentiated system of use. Polygenetic is a formation principal cause of agrizem. Agrizem – a product of natural, economic (industrial, technological) and social factors. Today the person and its activity on the earth becomes the leading factor of formation of new soils.

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McArthur, D. F. E., P. M. Huang, and L. M. Kozak. "Impact of long-term cultivation on the status of organic matter and cadmium in soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-071.

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Research has suggested a link between the bioavailability of soil Cd and total soil organic matter. However, some research suggested a negative relationship between total soil organic matter and bioavailable soil Cd while other research suggested a positive relationship. This study investigated the relationship between soil Cd and both the quantity and quality of soil organic matter as influenced by long-term cultivation. Two Orthic Chernozemic surface soil samples, one from a virgin prairie and the other from an adjacent cultivated prairie, were collected from each of 12 different sites throughout southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The samples were analyzed for total organic C, total Cd, Cd availability index (CAI), and pH. The nature of the soil organic matter was investigated with 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). The total soil Cd, CAI, and total soil organic C of the cultivated soils were significantly lower than those of the virgin soils whereas the opposite trend was observed for the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. The reduced CAI in the cultivated soils was related to the increase in both the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. No relationship was found between the CAI and the soil organic C content, but a significant positive correlation was found between total organic C and total Cd in both the virgin and the cultivated soils. As well, a significant positive correlation was found between the fraction of total Cd removed from the soil after long-term cultivation and the corresponding fraction of organic C removed. Key words: Long-term cultivation, soil organic matter, 13C CPMAS NMR, cadmium

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Alzubaidi, Ghazwa, Fauziah B. S. Hamid, and I. Abdul Rahman. "Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia." Scientific World Journal 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6178103.

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The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides226Ra,232Th, and40K were determined in 30 agricultural and virgin soil samples randomly collected from Kedah, north of Malaysia, at a fertile soil depth of 0–30 cm. Gamma-ray spectrometry was applied using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector and a PC-based MCA. The mean radioactivity concentrations of226Ra,232Th, and40K were found to be 102.08 ± 3.96, 133.96 ± 2.92, and 325.87 ± 9.83 Bq kg−1, respectively, in agricultural soils and 65.24 ± 2.00, 83.39 ± 2.27, and 136.98 ± 9.76 Bq kg−1, respectively, in virgin soils. The radioactivity concentrations in agricultural soils are higher than those in virgin soils and compared with those reported in other countries. The mean values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose ratesD(nGy h−1), annual effective dose equivalent, and external hazard index (Hex) are 458.785 Bq kg−1, 141.62 nGy h−1, and 0.169 mSv y−1, respectively, in agricultural soils and 214.293 Bq kg−1, 87.47 nGy h−1, and 0.106 mSv y−1, respectively, in virgin soils, with averageHexof 0.525. Results were discussed and compared with those reported in similar studies and with internationally recommended values.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VIRGIN SOIL"

Daniels, W. Lee. "Virgin hardwood forest soils of western North Carolina." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52288.

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Little is known about the original properties of soils in the East. Eight virgin soils and associated southern Appalachian hardwood vegetation were studied in western North Carolina. The study sites ranged in elevation from 720 to 1200 m on steep slopes. Overall these soils are quite deep and highly weathered due to high rainfall (>200 cm) and soluble feldspathic parent material. Organic matter contents of the surface·horizons were quite high (4.5 - 16 %), and they contained moderate to strong crumb structure. All but one soil contained cambic subsurface horizons and were either Typic Haplumbrepts or Umbric Dystrochrepts. The majority of soils in the watershed are formed in colluvium, but significant amounts of residual soils occur on sideslopes, and appear to be quite stable. The present day landforms appear to be the result of periglacial activity. North-facing soils were higher in whole soil clay, organic matter, and A horizon exchangeable cations than south-facing soils. Cation exchange capacity in these soils is almost totally dependent on organic matter content, and the mineral fraction is relatively inert. All soils were in the oxidic mineralogy class. Bibbsite was common throughout all soils and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) is the dominant clay-sized phyllosilicate in surface horizons. Kaolinite was low in all soils, but was more abundant on south-facing slopes. The silt fractions and sand fractions contained significant quantities of weathered 2:1-type minerals The vegetation varied from mixed-mesophytic cove hardwoods on north-facing slopes to mixed oak-hickory and oak-pine on south-facing slopes. Many trees in coves exceed 1.3 m in diameter and 50 m in height. Total litter production averaged 3494 kg/ha, and the litter layers were typified by thin leaf (L), and well developed fermentation (F) and humus (H) layers. Cations and P are concentrated in the litter layers and immediate surface soil, while N is mixed deep into the profile. Due to their oxidic mineralogy, low CEC, decreasing clay content with depth, and concentration of cations and P in litter and standing biomass these soils highly resemble tropical Oxisols.
Ph. D.

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Jones, Michael David. "Effects of Disturbance History on Forest Soil Characteristics in the Southern Appalachian Mountains." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35213.

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Minimally disturbed virgin forest soils in the Little Santeetlah Creek (LSC) watershed of western North Carolina were sampled along with soils from the adjacent disturbed Slickrock Creek (SRC) watershed. Soils with similar elevation/landform/vegetation/parent material characteristics were initially sampled at nine random locations each on north and south aspects within each watershed with a soil push probe. Some differences in parent materials were noted on south aspects (metasandstone vs. phyllite), but parent materials under north aspect soils were identical (metasandstone). Soils in LSC were significantly deeper and relatively free of solum coarse fragments while SRC soils were shallower and higher in coarse fragments. Subsequent auger observations of three typical pedons on each aspect indicated that soils in LSC were well-developed with gradual horizon boundaries and common diffuse transition horizons, while soils in SRC were more compact in horizonation and lacked diffuse transitional horizons. Vegetation communities were similar across both watersheds, except that SRC south sites were higher in Pinus spp. Litter layer morphology differed strongly between the two watersheds. Specifically, well-developed humus (H) layers were typical in LSC, but completely absent in all typical pedons described in SRC. Data obtained from these two watersheds indicate strong differences in surface soil (O + A horizon) properties between the two. These observed differences could be due to differential anthropogenic effects, particularly logging and associated erosion in the early 1920's. However, further study over multiple disturbed watersheds in the region, and of the distribution of sediments and colluvium within them would be required to test this hypothesis.
Master of Science

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Pearlstein, Susanna Lee. "Methods for Measuring Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Water Use on Two Sub-Watersheds in The Western United States as Impacted by The Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda spp.)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594631.

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The Dolores River in Utah and the Virgin River in Nevada are ecosystems under pressure from increased groundwater withdrawal due to growing human populations, climate change and introduced species such as Tamarix spp. (tamarisk). Tamarisk is reputed to take excessive water from its environment. Controlling tamarisk is of concern in the western United States where plants grow quickly in already fragile and diminishing riparian areas. For this reason, biologic control beetles Chrysomelidae: Diorhabda carinulata were released to weaken the tamarisk population, thus reducing its water use. The studies for this dissertation were conducted between 2010 and 2011. We quantified tamarisk water use over multiple cycles of annual defoliation using sap flow measurements, leaf area index (LAI), well data, allometry and satellite imagery from EOS-1 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor. Study objectives for the Virgin River were to measure evapotranspiration (ET) before beetles ever arrived and to examine the effects on tamarisk ET in the year after beetle arrival. This site showed plant ET from sap flow averaged about 4.3 mm m⁻² leaf day⁻¹ in 2010. In 2011, ET from sap flow averaged 6.4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ pre beetle arrival, but dropped to 3-4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ after beetle arrival. Stand level ET measured by MODIS was 2.2 mm d⁻¹ in 2010 and approximately 1.5 mm day⁻¹ when beetle arrival was measured in 2011. Significant visual change was apparent as the trees senesced. Results showed the first year of beetle arrival resulted in reduced ET but did not result in significant water savings. We also compared the reaction of the newly defoliated (in 2011) Virgin River site to the long-term defoliated (since 2007) Dolores River site to explore if all beetle invasions were created equal. This paper views the two sites as fairly extreme examples of tamarisk stand reaction to the beetle. While no mortality was reported at the Dolores River site, the site is much older, less photosynthetically active and covers far less ground when compared to the younger tamarisk monoculture on the Virgin River. Pre-beetle arrival Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were higher on the Virgin River than on the Dolores River. Beetle arrival at each site was captured with Landsat NDVI and a reduced NDVI signal (13% drop in NDVI at Dolores River, 5% drop at Virgin River) was seen after beetle arrival.

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McClain, Mark Stephen. "The forest composition and the pedology of the undisturbed soils in an old-growth virgin beech-maple forest in east-central Indiana." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/426369.

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The edaphic and pedologic factors of forest soils and their influence on the naturally occurring climax vegetation in an old-growht forest in east-central Indiana were examined. The northern portion of this woods is a virgin remnant of the presettlement forest that Braun (1950) described as the BeechMaple Forest Region. This remnant is best classified as a sugar maple-American beech-slippery elm association. The undisturbed soils found were the moderately well drained Glynwood soils (Aquic Hapludalfs, fine, illitic, mesic), the somewhat poorly drained Blount soils (Aeric Ochraqualfs, fine, illitic, mesic), the poorly drained Lenawee Variant soils (Typic Haplaquepts, fine, nonacid, mixed,mesic), and the very poorly drained Lenawee (taxajunct) soils (Mollic Haplaquepts, fine-loamy, nonacid, mixed, mesic). The seasonal high water table and internal soil drainage of the soils appear to influence the survival and importance of the dominant tree species. There were 25 tree species sampled.The three most important tree species were sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.), American beech (Fagus qrandifolia Ehrh.), and slippery elm (Ulmus rubra Muhl.)on the Blount, Glynwood, and Lenawee Variant soils. The fourth most important tree species was silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) which was restricted to the lowland-depressional forest type (Lindsey and Schmelz, 1970) inclusion represented by the Lenawee (taxajunct) soils. The distribution of tree species occurring on each of the four soils was statistically examined at the 0.05 level of significance. Sugar maple had a significantly higher mean average basal area on the Glynwood soils; American beech had a significantly higher average number of trees on the Blount soils; and slippery elm had a significantly higher proportion of trees on the Glynwood soils.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

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Jenkins, Anthony Blaine. "Organic carbon and fertility of forest soils on the Allegheny Plateau of West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2486.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 282 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Al-Hawas, Ibrahim A. M. "Clay mineralogy and soil classification of alluvial and upland soils associated with Blackwater and Nottoway rivers in southeastern Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44104.

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Because the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia has not been extensively studied, thirty random samples associated with Blackwater and Nottoway rivers were collected in the spring of 1987 from Surry, Sussex, and Southampton counties. Soil classification as well as mineralogical, chemical, and physical analysis were conducted for all samples.

The purposes of this investigation were to: (1)classify the soils in this area, (2) determine the distribution of sand and clay minerals, (3) examine the weathering effect on clay minerals on different position of the landscape for different parent material sources.

The soils examined classified as follow: Aquic Hapludults 43% > Typic Hapludults 26.6% > Ultic Hapludalfs 10% > Humic Hapludults 3% = Typic Rhodudlts 3% = Aquic Hapludalfs 3% = Typic Udipsamment 3% = Typic Quartzpsamment 3% = Psammentic Hapludalfs. Qualitative analysis of clay minerals revealed that kaolinite and hydroxy interlayer vermiculite were the dominant clay minerals; that montmorillonite, mica, gibbsite quartz, and vermiculite were of lesser quantities; that chlorite, feldspar and interstratified minerals were of trace amounts. Kaolinite represents about 21-70%, HlV 11-60%, montmorillonite 0-20%, mica 0-16%, gibbsite 0-13%, quartz 1-12%, and vermiculite 0-10%. The presence of these minerals were mainly related to the acid reaction of the soil media, which was essentially attributed to Al and H ions in soil solution. From the past history and geological composition of the Piedmont it is assumed that kaolinitic minerals were transported and sedimented in the Coastal Plain. Hydroxy-interlayer vermiculite minerals was weathering from vermiculite because most of the Al was adsorbed by vermiculite to form HIV. Therfore, gibbsite was not precipitated. Montmorillonite was assumed to have formed from mica minerals. That was substantiated by statistical analysis which showed a high negative correlation between gibbsite and vermiculite (r=0.46, n=30) and between montmorillonite and mica (r=-0.6, n=10).

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Mayu, Philippe. "Determining parameters for stiff clays and residual soils using the self-boring pressuremeter." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49859.

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As testing stiff soils in the laboratory often leads to information which is not consistent with field performance, research was undertaken to determine in situ the soil properties. Among the devices which generated interest is the self-boring pressuremeter (SBPM). In this research, two stiff soils of the Commonwealth of Virginia were tested: A residual soil found in Blacksburg and a very stiff, non-fissured, and sensitive clay, of marine origin, known as the Miocene clay of the downtown Richmond area. Testing the residual soil of Blacksburg with the SBPM led to the following new operational approaches: (1) a systematic use of a steel-sheath known as "Chinese lantern" to protect the membrane of the probe, (2) the development of a loading frame providing adequate reaction when self-boring in stiff soils, (3) the development of a new calibration unit for the SBPM which allows to calibrate the probe under conditions more like those encountered in stiff soils and, (4) the development of a high capacity computerized data acquisition system. Testing the residual soil also allowed to establish a sound database for this soil. In the Miocene clay, the laboratory test results indicate that conventional sampling technique which consists in pushing Shelby tubes disturbs significantly the soil and leads to scattered test results. In contrast, tests performed on samples taken from high-quality block samples indicate consistent behavior patterns. SBPM test results in the Miocene clay indicate that the clay exhibits high lateral stresses. They also indicate the existence of an anisotropic state of lateral stress which can be explained from the regional topography. The soil parameters interpreted from the SBPM test results in the Miocene clay compare well with the soil parameters determined in the laboratory on the block samples.
Ph. D.
incomplete_metadata

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Thomas, Pamela J. "Characterization, classification, and productivity studies of typic hapludult mapping units in the southern Piedmont of Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80054.

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Two studies were initiated in the Virginia southern Piedmont to assess characterization, classification, and productivity of soils mapped as Cecil-Pacolet (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults). Effects of erosion on Ap and Bt soil properties and soybean grain yields were studied in Pittsylvania and Lunenburg counties. Relationships between soil properties, soybean yields, and erosion classes were not observed until the soils became severely eroded. Water contents at -10kPa and -1500kPa increased as clay content increased but plant available water remained at 0.09 m³ m⁻³ across erosion classes. Available phosphorus (P) decreased with severity of erosion and was significantly correlated with soybean yield. The highest grain yields were on slightly and moderately eroded soils and were attributed to available P levels above 18 mg P kg⁻¹ critical level for optimum crop production. Low yields on the severely eroded sites corresponded to available P below 18 mg kg⁻¹. A second study on composition and variability of the Cecil-Pacolet map unit in Appomattox County showed large variation in soil properties and taxonomic classes. Variability is attributed to intrusions of mafic materials in the map unit. Variability was extreme within delineated soil bodies and was reflected in taxonomic classification in which up to six taxa can occur within the same delineation. Cecil and Pacolet soils comprise 62 percent of the map unit. Similar soils comprise 70 percent of the map unit and dissimilar soils make up the remaining 30 percent. The map unit is named Pacolet-Cecil and dissimilar soils are included in the mapping unit description.
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Saxton, H. Thomas. "Soil genesis studies of upland soils formed in transported materials overlying the Virginia Piedmont using trend-surface analyses." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063235/.

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Sponaugle, Cara L. "Properties and acid risk assessment of soils in two parts of the Cherry River watershed, West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4425.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 169 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-67).

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Books on the topic "VIRGIN SOIL"

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin soil. New York: New York Review Books, 2000.

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Sholokhov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich. Virgin soil upturned. London: Picador, 1988.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. Independently Published, 2019.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. Independently Published, 2019.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. Independently Published, 2019.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. Independently Published, 2019.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited, 2006.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2010.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2010.

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Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Virgin Soil. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "VIRGIN SOIL"

Perry, Roland N. "Behavioural and physiological assays." In Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes, 177–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0177.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on some of the principal techniques for analysing nematode behaviour and physiology, such as attraction/repulsion plate assays, pluronic gel assays, movement assays, electrophysiology, stylet activity, water content changes, oxygen consumption assays, collection of female sex pheromone, virgin females and males and viability tests, among others.

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Perry, Roland N. "Behavioural and physiological assays." In Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes, 177–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0009.

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Pronko, Victor V., Dmitry Yu Zhuravlev, Tatyana M. Yaroshenko, and Nadezhda F. Klimova. "Fertility Decline in Arable Chernozem and Chestnut Soils in Volga Steppes Versus Their Virgin Analogues." In Advances in Understanding Soil Degradation, 649–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85682-3_29.

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Muchhara, Vanshika B., Lalit S. Thakur, and Avani R. Umatt. "Effect of Density and Carbonates on Thermal Properties of Virgin Soil." In Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01929-7_1.

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Newfield, Timothy P. "‘Verbalist Ingenuity’ and the Evidential Basis for Virgin-Soil Smallpox Epidemics in the Sixth Century: From Iona to Ṣanʿāʾ." In Environmental Histories of the North Atlantic World, 25–82. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ehnaw-eb.5.131270.

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Kaster, Dwight L., and Oscar W. Yates. "The Urban Soils Program in Prince William County, Virgina." In Soil Surveys and Land Use Planning, 126–28. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/1966.soilsurveys.c12.

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Dawson, Terence. "Virgil, Epicureanism, and Unseemly Behaviour." In The Descent of the Soul and the Archaic, 52–72. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054139-5.

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Tarbox, Katherine. "On the Death of the Soul: a Jungian Reading of Mrs. Dalloway." In Virginia Woolf, 89–105. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43083-0_7.

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Dirks, Rita. "Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Dostoevsky: The Sacred Space of the Soul." In Religion, Secularism, and the Spiritual Paths of Virginia Woolf, 151–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32568-8_9.

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Gilliam, Frank S. "Nitrogen Biogeochemistry Research at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA: Soils, Biodiversity and Climate Change." In Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity, 267–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "VIRGIN SOIL"

"Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Groundnut Shell Ash." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-6.

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Abstract. The analysis of GSA for the stabilization of soil samples is the subject of this research paper. In recent years, soil stabilization techniques have been effective in improving the shear strength parameters of poor soils. GSA is a naturally occurring substance that causes human health and environmental issues. Physical properties of soil were calculated, including Atterberg's limits, compaction characteristics, and strength characteristics of virgin soil samples. GSA was applied to the soil in various percentages (2 to 10 percent). The soil sample's intensity increased up to 6% before decreasing. It is clear that 6% of GSA to the soil is an optimum percentage and it leads to an increase in shear strength and bearing capacity in expansive soil.

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Cocjin, Michael, David White, and Susan Gourvenec. "Continuous Characterisation of Near-Surface Soil Strength." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23469.

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A sound understanding of near-surface soil strength is essential for the accurate prediction of the response of structures laid on or shallowly embedded in the seabed. However, characterisation of the uppermost region of the seabed, which is typically very soft and at a low-stress state, is extremely challenging. This paper demonstrates a novel technique for characterising the in situ undrained shear strength of near-surface soils using a newly-developed pile penetrometer. The pile penetrometer is vertically embedded into the near-surface soil and is driven laterally. A simple calculation of the resistance mobilised over the embedded depth of the pile penetrometer is presented along with its application to the continuous measurement of spatial variation in near-surface strength in virgin and disturbed regions of soil.

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Gromovik, A. I., N. S. Gorbunova, I. V. Cherepukhina, and Yu Yu Khatuntseva. "Subtype features of humus dynamics in chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain under conditions of long-term agricultural use." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.26.

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The long-term dynamics of the humus content and reserves in the forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain was studied in a series: virgin land - perennial arable land. To the greatest extent, the transformation of the humus profile of chernozems as a result of plowing is manifested in its upper part. The depth of transformation spread reaches approximately 80-90 cm. In the series of subtypes: podzolic - leached - typical - ordinary chernozems, there are differences in the amount of humus lost. Long-term plowing of these soils leads to the humus content decrease. Therefore, real (t/ha) and apparent (%) humus losses in soils during their long- term plowing can differ significantly. The greatest losses of humus were recorded in leached chernozems – 15 t/ha. In podzolic and ordinary chernozems, the loss of humus reserves was approximately the same and amounted to 13 and 14 t/ha, respectively. Typical arable soils, as a rule, contain 15 t/ha fewer humus reserves than virgin soil. The humus level of chernozems varies significantly in the first years of use, then it stabilizes at a fairly high level according to the new regime of matter and energy circulation in agrocenoses. An objective assessment of changes in the main indicators of the humus state of chernozems during their long-term agricultural use should be carried out not by the percentage of humus but by its reserves, taking into account the corresponding values of the equilibrium addition density.

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Khatuntseva, Yu Yu, I. V. Cherepukhina, N. S. Gorbunova, and A. I. Gromovik. "Composition of microbial communities of leached chernozem depending on agricultural crops." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.04.

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A large role in the creation of soil fertility and water-resistant structure, in the processes of humus synthesis and mineralization, as well as in the provision of agricultural plants with elements of mineral nutrition, belongs to soil microorganisms. For leached chernozem, the influence of field crops on the main groups of microorganisms, which are involved in the formation of effective and potential soil fertility, and associated enzymes was established. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of agricultural plants on the structure of the microbial community of the soil and the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of effective and potential soil fertility. Soil samples were taken from the 0-25 cm layer. They differed in anthropogenic load: virgin soil and soil where crops were cultivated. To count the number of soil microorganisms in the crops and their rhizospheres, we used the method of culturing successive dilutions of the soil suspension on selective nutrient media. The catalase activity of the soil was determined by the gasometric method. It is based on measuring the decay rate of hydrogen peroxide when it is interconnected with the soil in terms of the amount of oxygen released. The method for determining phosphatase activity is based on the quantitative calculation of inorganic phosphorus, which is formed by the breakdown of organic phosphorus compounds under the action of phosphatases.

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Melnichuk, T. N., A. Yu Egovtseva, S. F. Abdurashitov, E. R. Abdurashytova, E. N. Turin, V. V. Gorelova, and A. A. Zubochenko. "Microbiocenosis of southern chernozem under the influence of no-till." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-114.

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The purpose of the research was to assess microbocenosis of the southern chernozem under the influence of no-till and microbial preparations. A metagenomic analysis of the southern chernozem revealed 12 phyla, including 11 bacteria and 1 archaeon. The number of cellulolytic microorganisms increased under the influence of farming systems compared to virgin soil. The use of microbial preparations contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of ecological-trophic groups and the representation of the majority of phyla, which also depended on the farming system.

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Zhukov, Sergey, Vladimir Makarov, Vladimir Belyakov, and Alexander Belyaev. "Investigation of the Relationship between the Cone Index and the Physical and Mechanical Parameters of the Soil of Typical Surfaces of the Movement of Agricultural Tractors and Machines." In 11th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the ISTVS. International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56884/vnzq2520.

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The development of high-performance mobile transport complexes for agricultural purposes is largely based on the results of scientific research. The main direction is to study the mobility properties of robotic complexes in specific natural and climatic conditions of the area. The purpose of this work is to determine the cone index CI for typical surfaces of agricultural machinery movement, based on the physical and mechanical characteristics of agricultural soils. In 2020 year, a large-scale experimental and theoretical study of agricultural soils was conducted for 7 months using a soil penetrometer and equipment for measuring soil density and humidity. The peculiarity of this work is that the study has a spatiotemporal character of changes in the mechanical parameters of soils. Thus, the cone index CI is determined during the agricultural season for five typical plots: the first plot is fallow land located on a slope; the second plot is virgin land; the third section is a plowed field; the fourth section is a dirt road and the fifth section is a dirt road covered with broken bricks. Thus, the study showed a change in the cone index for each site during the year: the first site – 4.8-10.93 kPa; the second site – 5.13-5.32 kPa; the third site – 4.14-4.57 kPa; the fourth site - 4.43 – 11.20 kPa; the fifth site – 5.57 – 5.81 kPa. The data were also approximated and a mathematical model for calculating the cone index from the deformation modulus E, (MPa) was obtained. The obtained mathematical dependencies can be used in the future as the basis for mapping the mobility of any region of the world, as well as in the compilation of the algorithm of the mobile robotic complex.

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AL-MUTAIRI, N. H. "The Biodegradation and the Rheological Properties of Polypropylene/Hyperbranched Polyester Blends for Industrial Applications." In Quality Production Improvement and System Safety. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902691-14.

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Abstract. In this research, four novel types of hyperbranched polyester polymers (HBPs) were used and blended with polypropylene polymer PP, virgin VPP and recycled rPP, using a twin-screw extrusion machine. Hyperbranched polyester was added in different weight ratios (5%, 10%, and 20%). The Fourier transform spectroscopy FTIR, the water contact angle CA, the biodegradation in soil, and the rheological properties (melt flow rate MFR) of the prepared blends were investigated. The results showed that the contact angle of VPP and rPP blends has improved with the addition of HBPs, and in addition, the biodegradation results in soil showed that weight loss increased as the amount of HBPs increased in VPP and rPP blends. The rheological properties, melt flow rate MFR, showed that the addition of HBPs increased the MFR for both PP blends, VPP and rPP. In addition, it was found that the blends' viscosity was decreased and their shear rate was increased. This is an indication that the HBPs work as a processing aid additive by increasing the shear thinning behavior.

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Bostan, Cristian, Loredana Copacean, Luminita Cojocariu, Marinel Nicolae Horablaga, and Alina Agapie. "SITUATION OF PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS IN THE ALPINE BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGION (ROMANIA)." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.38.

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Romania�s physical-geographical and lithological complexity creates a great diversity of climatic and pedological conditions, which determines the richness of the types of ecosystems and habitats, as well as the presence of five biogeographical regions, including the Alpine bioregion. In Romania this biogeographical region includes both Carpathians peaks and coniferous and mixed forests of the Carpathians, but also the intermountain depressions and higher hills along the mountain chain. Various mountains are home to endemic and relic species, virgin and quasi-virgin natural forests, virtually extinct from the rest of the European Union with a special biological diversity. The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the number and distribution of protected natural areas, their area and share in the Alpine biogeographical region of Romania in relation to the entire EU bioregion. The Digital Elevation with spatial resolution model at 25 m and geospatial data were used to develop this study. In Romania, the Alpine bioregion occupies an area of 5.005.266.03 ha, of which 3.726.354.88 ha, respectively 74,42% is included in different categories of protected natural areas: SPA�s = 1.133.419,10 ha; SCI�s = 1.760.940,84 ha; wetland of international importance = 695,93 ha; scientific reservations = 5,77 ha; natural reservations = 137.503,29 ha; biosphere reservations = 85.518,26 ha; national parks = 202.741,98 ha; natural parks = 405.520,97 ha; natural monuments = 8,73 ha. Due to a partial or total overlap of the protected areas, the range of protected areas in the territory (soil footprint) is 2.147.431.78 ha.

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Wilson, Willard. "Waste Combustor Ash Utilization." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2301.

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The incorporation of municipal solid waste combustor (MWC) ash into bituminous pavements has been investigated in the United States since the middle 1970s. Thus far, most, if not all of these projects, have attempted to answer the questions: Is it safe? Is it feasible? Or does it provide an acceptable product? Polk County Solid Waste located in Northwest Minnesota has now completed three Demonstration Research Projects (DRP) utilizing ash from its municipal solid waste combustor as a partial replacement of aggregate in asphalt road paving projects. The results of these projects show no negative environmental or worker safety issues, and demonstrate improved structural performance and greater flexibility from the ash-amended asphalt as compared to conventional asphalt. Polk County has submitted an application to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) to obtain a Case-Specific Beneficial Use Determination (CSBUD), which would allow for continued use of ash in road paving projects without prior MPCA approval. However, concerns from the MPCA Air Quality Division regarding a slight increase in mercury emissions during ash amended asphalt production has resulted in a delay in receiving the CSBUD. Polk County decided to take a different approach. In January 2008, Polk submitted and received approval for their fourth ash utilization DRP. This DRP differs from the first three in that the ash will be used as a component in the Class 5 gravel materials to be used for a Polk County Highway Department road rebuilding project. The project involves a 7.5 mile section of County State Aid Highway (CSAH) 41, which conveniently is located about 10 miles south of the Polk County Landfill, where the ash is stored. The CSAH 41 project includes the complete rebuilding and widening of an existing 7.5 mile paved road section. Ash amended Class 5 gravel would be used in the base course under the asphalt paving, and also in the widening and shouldering sections of the road. The top 2 inches of the widening and shouldering areas would be covered with virgin Class 5 and top soil, so that all ash amended materials would be encapsulated. This has been the procedure followed in previous projects. No ash will be used in the asphalt mix for this project. This paper discusses production, cost, performance and environmental issues associated with this 2008 demonstration research project.

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Chojna, Sara Irena, Arif M. Sikder, Jose Brum, Xin-Chen Liu, Elizabeth Keily, Dustin M. Clifford, and Carlos E. Castano Londono. "GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FE-ENRICHED SOIL OF MEHERRIN, VIRGINIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302664.

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Reports on the topic "VIRGIN SOIL"

Mullins, G. L., Mark M. Alley, S. B. Phillips, and Rory Maguire. Sources of Lime for Acid Soils in Virginia. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/452-510_spes-158p.

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Adams, Mary Beth, Brian Simpson, Charlene Kelly, Jamie L. Schuler, and John Juracko. Stand dynamics of reference plots in the West Virginia long-term soil productivity studies. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-192.

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Biehn, Carrie A. An Investigation of the Adsorption and Desorption Capacities of Bojac Sandy Loam Soil from the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374203.

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Adams, Mary Beth. Site productivity and diversity of the Middle Mountain long-term soil productivity study, West Virginia: Pre-experimental site characterization. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-176.

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Harrison, W., C. J. Joss, and L. E. Martino. Pilot-scale studies of soil vapor extraction and bioventing for remediation of a gasoline spill at Cameron Station, Alexandria, Virginia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10177478.

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Map showing radon potential of rocks and soils in Fairfax County, Virginia. US Geological Survey, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2047.

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Age relations between soils and geology in the coastal plain of Maryland and Virginia. US Geological Survey, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1589a.

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Selected heavy metals and other constituents in soil and stormwater runoff at the Interstate 95 interchange near Atlee, Virginia, April 1993-May 1997. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri984115.

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