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Mutocheluh, Mohamed. "Understanding KSHV vIRF-2-cell interactions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2843/.
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Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) encodes genes with immunomodulatory potential, one of which is vIRF-2 that shares homology to cellular interferon regulatory factors. The innate antiviral mechanism mediating the type I interferons is an essential host cell defence mechanism limiting viral replication. The aim of this study was to determine the range and type of cellular gene sets and associated biological pathways whose expression is deregulated by vIRF-2. HEK 293-derived cell clones were engineered to express doxycycline-inducible vIRF-2. Interferon (IFN) responses were induced with recombinant (r) IFN-α and measured by an IFN stimulated response elements (ISRE) luciferase reporter gene assay. The effects of vIRF-2 on cell transcriptome profile in response to rIFN-α were determined by DNA microarray analysis and confirmed by immunoblot assay. vIRF-2 protein inhibited activation of ISRE-luc by over 50% and significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated the expression of 57/78 (73%) of rIFN-α regulated genes. The DAVID and GSEA software packages revealed vIRF-2 down-regulates the RIG-I-like receptor, JAK-STAT and Ubiquitin ligase pathways and many gene sets involved in antiviral response, transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. Immunoblot assays demonstrated reduced levels of RIG-I/DDX58, TBK-1, p-38, STAT1, pSTAT1, IRF-9 and OAS3. The biological significance of the vIRF-2 anti-IFN property was demonstrated by the rescue of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) replication in vIRF-2 expressing cells treated with rIFN-α; EMCV was titred by plaque assay on L929 cells. These data confirm the role of KSHV vIRF-2 in negative regulation of the IFN-α/β innate immune response by a mechanism dependent on negative regulation of RIG-I/DDX58, STAT1, IRF-9 and OAS3.
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Schmidt, Anna Katharina [Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Fleckenstein. "Mechanism and consequences of interferon γ inhibition by the viral interferon regulatory factor 3 (vIRF-3) of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) = Mechanismus und Auswirkungen der Inhibierung von Interferon γ durch den viralen Interferon-regulatorischen Faktor 3 (vIRF-3) des Kaposi Sarkom-assoziierten Herpesvirus (KSHV) / Anna Katharina Schmidt. Betreuer: Bernhard Fleckenstein." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015475272/34.
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Fowotade, Adeola. "Molecular virology of KSHV : elucidating vIRF2 and vIRF4 function." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813233/.
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The innate type I interferon antiviral response is the first line of defence invoked to limit the spread of viral infections. Hence a number of viruses including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) have evolved defence strategies against this antiviral response. KSHV is the aetiologic agent of KS and almost one quarter of the KSHV genes specify either demonstrated or potential immunomodulatory activity including the four viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs). vIRFs 1, 2 and 3 have previously been shown to inhibit type I IFN signalling, whereas the inhibitory role of vIRF4 is yet to be reported. A previous stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) study coupled to LC-MS/MS identified USP7 and ribosomal proteins as binding partners of both vIRF2 and vIRF4. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of these binding partners in type I IFN signalling and to determine the regulatory mechanisms behind the effects of these partner proteins on the functions of the vIRF2 and vIRF4 proteins. Polysome profiling and microarray studies were carried out on vIRF4 expressing cells and suggested a novel regulatory role for vIRF4 in translation. USP7 was also characterised as a positive regulator of IFN signalling and the mechanism behind this effect was explored.
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Andre, Gaëlle. "Mécanismes de régulation en réponse à la disponibilité en soufre chez Clostridium acetobutylicum et Clostridium perfingens." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066322.
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Au cours de ce travail, nous avons étudié le métabolisme du soufre chez deux clostridies, Clostridium acetobutylicum, une bactérie non-pathogène d’intérêt industriel, et Clostridium perfringens, une bactérie pathogène pour l’homme. Nous avons identifié un mécanisme original de régulation de l’opéron ubiGmccBA responsable de la conversion de la méthionine en cystéine chez C. Acetobutylicum. Cet opéron est régulé par un mécanisme complexe impliquant un ARN antisens dont la synthèse est réprimée par la méthionine via une boîte S. Cet ARN antisens agirait en cis par interférence transcriptionnelle. Chez C. Perfringens, l’expression de l’opéron ubiGmccBAluxS est régulée par une boîte T spécifique de la cystéine, par le petit ARN régulateur virX et par le système VirR-VirS via le petit ARN régulateur, le VR-RNA. Nous avons également montré qu’une carence en cystéine module l’expression des voies de biosynthèse et d’entrée de la cystéine, de protéines impliquées dans la biogenèse des centres [Fe-S], de certaines voies de fermentation et d’utilisation de sources de carbone et de systèmes redox qui pourraient participer à la résistance aux espèces réactives de l’oxygène. Parmi les gènes induits en carence en cystéine, nous avons identifié le régulateur de la biogenèse des centres [Fe-S], Cpe1786, qui contrôle aussi les voies de fermentation et des enzymes de dégradation de composés de l’hôte.
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Hindle, Laura Nambikai. "Investigating the effect of the KSHV vIRF2 and vIRF4 proteins on the interferon response." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4604/.
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The type I IFN response forms part of the innate immune system, which is the first line of defence against invading viruses. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, a gamma herpesvirus, encodes a number of genes that down regulate the type I IFN response. These include four viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs). vIRFs 1, 2 and 3 have been shown to inhibit type I IFN signalling previously, whereas vIRF4 was, until now, not thought to inhibit this pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which vIRF2 inhibits type I IFN signalling and to characterise the effects of the vIRF4 protein on this system. Cell lines were engineered to express inducible vIRF2 or vIRF4 proteins that both demonstrated significant inhibition of JAK-STAT signalling via ISRE-luc reporter assays. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that vIRF2 and vIRF4 could significantly reduce ISGF3:ISRE complex formation. Stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture coupled to LC-MS/MS was employed to facilitate the identification of the vIRF2 and vIRF4 interactomes. USP7 and CBP were identified as binding partners for both viral proteins and their contribution to inhibition of JAK-STAT signalling was explored.
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Ansart, Arnaud. "Épistémologie d’une archéologie fragmentaire : le cas virú-gallinazo, côte nord du Pérou." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040007.
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Le terme virú-gallinazo désigne au XXe siècle un style céramique puis caractérise une culture. Aujourd’hui, le consensus archéologique regroupe les vestiges virú-gallinazo sous la dénomination de « phénomène culturel » et cherche ainsi à le définir. Mais l’épistémologie montre l’aspect fragmentaire sur lequel se fondent ces interprétations.Cette thèse propose alors une approche plus complexe du phénomène. Elle se fonde sur les idées suivantes : l’art ne reflète pas l’intégralité des manifestations culturelles. Enfin la signification d’un objet peut varier selon les contextes dans lesquels il se trouve. Ce travail, en conséquence, entreprend une analyse contextuelle croisée des différentes catégories de vestigesDuring the XXth century, the viru-gallinazo term first refers to ceramic’s style and after it distinguishes a culture. Today, the archaeological consensus includes the viru-gallinazo remains as a"cultural phenomenon" and seeks to define it. But the epistemology shows the fragmented aspect on which are based those interpretations.This thesis proposes then a more complex approach of the viru-gallinazo "cultural phenomenon". It is based on the following ideas: art does not reflect the entirety of cultural events. Finally the meaning of an object may vary according to the context in which it is located. For that reason, this study sets out a crossed contextual analysis of the different categories of remains
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Malage, Katia Graciela Jacques Menezes. "Condá e viri." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/25514.
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Resumo: Na história indígena brasileira, dois caciques permanecem vivos no presente através da documentação existente ou nos locais em que são lembrados. Vitorino Condá e Estevão do Nascimento Viri são os dois chefes indígenas que compõem a temática deste trabalho no sentido de chamar a atenção para alguns aspectos novos, a partir de documentação ainda não analisada sobre estes caciques que atuaram nos Campos de Palmas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as relações estabelecidas entre os referidos chefes com o governo imperial e com as expedições que foram enviadas pela Coroa Portuguesa para explorar os Campos de Palmas. Também foi foco de estudo a relação entre Condá, Viri e indígenas denominados de “selvagens”, índios estes, que representavam uma ameaça à população que se formava na área de abrangência definida. O período de análise delimitou a década de 1840, sendo a pesquisa norteada por dois documentos deste período: uma Justificação e umOfício, ambos de 1844. Tais documentos trazem Condá como um assassino, idéia contrária a grande parte das demais fontes existentes sobre o mesmo. Os resultados indicam que Condá e demais índios de Palmas, ora eram postos como mansos e ora como assassinos, representavam que a violência fazia parte da mansidão e vice versa. A ação deles em colaborar e, em certos momentos, apresentarem-se com certa rebeldia, fazia parte do próprio jogo político no qual atuavam, confirmando-lhes o papel de chefes. Além de manterem estreitas relações com o governo imperial, Condá e Viri garantiram para os seus, parte do território que foram sendo ocupados pelas expedições, que se estabeleceram dentro dos campos de Guarapuava e de Palmas, bem como mantiveram bons laços com estes colonizadores. Concluiu-se que o trabalho realizado com a documentação permitiu avançar no onhecimento a espeito das condições locais em Palmas e sobre a história de Condá e Viri.
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Winkowska, Lucie. "Diagnostika významných virů jabloní." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259690.
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Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) are economically the most important viruses in pome fruit trees, which are distributed worldwide and can caused significantly yield reduction. The major control strategies (namely pathogen detection, exclusion by crop certification or quarantine, control in infected orchards by eradication from infected cultivars and rootstocks, etc.) rely heavily on accurate and sensitive detection methods and on perfect knowledge of pathogens.
In the doctoral thesis the diagnostic method quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was optimized for detection and quantification of four studied viruses. The results suggested that qRT-PCR method was the most reliable technique in comparison with conventional diagnostic methods DAS/I-ELISA and RT-PCR.
In our study the concentration of ASGV, ASPV and ACLSV, measured by qRT-PCR, were stable during vegetation and in different plant tissue. Only the concentration of ApMV changed during vegetation in leaves and inner bark. This result indicates that changes of virus concentration observed by DAS/I-ELISA and RT-PCR in plant tissues are caused by other way (inhibitors, plant senescence, lower sensitivity, ect.) than by changes of virus concentrations in plant.
Under the monitoring (at all 351 trees were tested) it was showed, that studied viruses were more spread in orchards and gardens then in wild apple trees.
Selected virus isolates from wild apple trees and apples from orchards and gardens were sequenced and molecular variability was studied also with already published isolates. However individual isolates of studied viruses were similar. The variability associated with geographic origin or with type of planting has not been confirmed.
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Krope, Jacob Jeffrey. "Leierskapstrategiee vir effektiewe selfbestuur vir graad 12 leerlinge." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12092005-110927.
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Hodson, de Jaramillo Elizabeth. "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Passiflora edulis for Potyvirus resistance." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301691.
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Burgueno, Pedro Osvaldo Cuadra. "Induced responses of Gnaphalium vira-vira and Gnaphalium luteo-album to UV-B radiation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318582.
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Kok, Elana. "Voorkomingsprogramme vir middelmisbruik deur hoerskoolleerders : riglyne vir maatskaplike werkers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16372.
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Thesis (MA(MW))--University of Stellenbosch,2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An exploratory study was done on prevention programmes of substance abuse by high school learners. This was done in order to: explore the factors leading to substance abuse by high school learners; explore the conditions for successful substance abuse programmes and compare it with existing programmes; and to determine how prevention programmes for high school learners can be used in South-African schools. The motivation for this study emerged as a result of the researcher’s involvement in prevention programmes for adolescents in schools and on farms at the South-African Council for Alcohol and Drug Dependency (SANCA) in the Paarl area. The objective of this study is to provide guidelines to social workers for the effective implementation of substance abuse prevention programmes for high school learners. The literature study confirmed the need for effective prevention programmes and highlighted the focus om the factors which leads to substance abuse. Emphasis is placed on risk and protection factors involved with substance abuse. SANCA in Paarl’s adolescent community’s risk and protective factors was investigated, because of the necessity to identify these factors before a prevention programme can be designed. The universum is the grade 10 learners of six schools in the Paarl area. One learner out of each class represented the sample of 48 respondents. The study was done trough a structured questionnaire. A combination of qualitative and quantitative information, through the use of open and close-ended questions, was gathered. The results of this study confirmed the results of the literature study, namely that the most important factor leading to substance abuse, is peer group influence. However, a combination of strategies and programmes are needed to develope a suitable programme for the specific community. The recommendations focus on four areas. Firstly the conditions are described for an effective prevention programme regarding the role of social workers, the use of assessment, evaluation, models, theories and approaches. Secondly, recommendations are made for techniques and general approaches. The third area gives directions for programme content. The last area recommends a possibility for future research: the process, roles and type of training needed to implement an effective and sustainable support group system in schools, must be tested.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Verkennende studie vir voorkomingsprogramme vir middelmisbruik deur ho¨erskoolleerders is gedoen ten einde: die faktore wat tot middele-misbruik deur ho¨erskoolleerders aanleiding gee, te ondersoek; die voorwaardes vir suksesvolle middele-misbruikvoorkomingsprogramme te verken en met bestaande programme in verband te bring; en te bepaal hoe voorkomingsprogramme aan ho¨erskoolleerders in Suid-Afrikaanse skole benut kan word. Die motivering vir die studie het gespruit uit die navorser se betrokkenheid by die Suid- Afrikaanse Raad vir Alkohol- en Dwelmafhanklikes (SANRA) met die aanbied van voorkomingsprogramme vir adolessente, op plase en in skole in die Paarl-omgwing. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om riglyne vir maatskaplike werkers daar te stel vir die effektiewe implementering van voorkomingsprogramme vir middelmisbruik deur ho¨erskoolleerders. Die literatuurstudie het die behoefte aan effektiewe voorkomingsprogramme bevestig en die faktore wat lei tot middelmisbruik is ook uitgelig. Daar is veral gefokus op die risikoen beskermingsfaktore hierby betrokke. Die studie is ingelei deur ’n ondersoek na die risiko- en beskermingsfaktore wat ’n rol speel in die adolessente gemeenskap van SANRA (Paarl), aangesien dit noodsaaklik is om hierdie faktore te identifiseer voordat ’n voorkomingsprogram ontwerp word. Die universum is graad-10 leerders van ses skole in die gebied. Een leerder uit elke klas het die steekproef, van 48 respondente, verteenwoordig. Die ondersoek is aan die hand van ’n gestruktureerde vraelys gerig. Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe inligting is deur middel van ’n kombinasie van oop en geslote vrae ingesamel. Die resultate van hierdie ondersoek het die literatuurstudie bevestig, naamlik dat die hoof faktor wat aanleiding gee tot middelmisbruik, portuurgroepinvloede is. ’n Kombinasie van verskeie strategie¨e is nodig om geskikte programme vir spesifieke gemeenskappe te ontwerp. Die aanbevelings fokus op vier areas, naamlik die voorwaardes vir ’n effektiewe voorkomingsprogram rakende die rol van die maatskaplike werker, die gebruik van assessering, evaluering, modelle, teorie¨e en/of benaderings en aanbevelings ten opsigte van tegnieke, programvoorstelle en programinhoud. Die vierde en laaste area maak ’n aanbeveling vir verdere navorsing: ’n Ondersoek na die proses, rol van en tipe opleiding nodig om ’n effektiewe en volhoubare ondersteuningsgroepstelsel in skole te implementeer.
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Bandalevičiūtė, Marijana. "Stipriai pirminiai moduliai virš žiedų." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050623_152837-34895.
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The purpose of this work is to analyse the analogue of prime modules in commutative case – strongly prime modules over rings in non-commutative case. Strongly prime modules over rings, two-sided and one-sided strongly prime ideals in the rings are examined in the work. Concepts and theorems related to this topic are analysed in the paper. These problems are solved: • Taking the homomorphism of the ring R into ring of endomorphisms of the Abelian group we get all the modules over the ring R. • Annihilators of the nonzero elements of the module over commutative ring coincide and are the prime ideal. • In non-commutative case module is strongly prime only in the case when annihilators its nonzero elements are equivalent. • Finite Cartesian product of strongly prime modules, in which annihilators of the nonzero elements are equivalent, is a strongly prime module.
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Machado, Rita Maria Xavier. "Homem em casa vira Maria." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79845.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T08:03:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 193340.pdf: 452034 bytes, checksum: 21c9dde89bbdad40c5855be9fd195357 (MD5)
Este trabalho buscou investigar o impacto da aposentadoria precoce de homens entre 45 e 55 anos, em seus relacionamentos familiares e conjugais. Para tanto, forma feitas entrevistas e colhidos depoimentos de homens aposentados e, também de algumas mulheres, esposas de aposentados. A análise das representações desses sujeitos sobre vários aspectos de suas vidas, como relacionamentos pessoais e sociais, trabalho, modos de vida, entre outros, obtidas através de suas falas, revelou que para os homens a aposentadoria, precoce ou não, constitui-se em praticamente um rito de passagem, marcando sua entrada numa outra categoria, menos valorizada, do tecido social.
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Greyling, Arne. "Die ontwerp van 'n kursus vir Afrikaans vir spesifieke doeleindes vir eerstejaar-onderwysstudente binne die taakgebaseerde benadering." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86489.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Language Policy for Higher Education (2002) endorses multilingualism and language diversity in tertiary education. The issues relating to multilingualism in tertiary contexts and the design of a vocational language teaching program has not yet been adequately covered in research. Language teaching includes courses for specific purposes for adult learners. This type of teaching for specific purposes has not yet received much attention in Afrikaans second language research. There is currently little or no scientific research on the teaching and learning of Afrikaans as a second language for specific purposes in university context within the framework of the task-based theory. Therefore, this study – to design a vocational language teaching program for education students – was undertaken. Teachers (and education students) should be prepared for effective teaching to be challenged as South Africa is diverse in terms of culture and language, and learners are expected to use language at a high academic level. Linguistic diversity, as found in Western Cape schools, have a direct impact on learners‟ chances of success and education courses should prepare student teachers for teaching in multilingual contexts. Research shows that it is important for the teacher to be able to function in a multilingual context mainly in the foundation and intermediate phases. These are two of the teaching phases that student teachers are trained for in graduate programs. It is important that the education students' language training takes place in such a way that they would be able to function effectively in a multilingual context. The need for further development of Afrikaans as a second language in first-year English-speaking student teachers is especially great since no distinction is made between the two groups – Afrikaans first language speakers and Afrikaans second language speakers – from the second year on. In the second year of undergraduate education courses Afrikaans second language speakers are expected to be able to use Afrikaans at the same level as first language speakers, specifically with the aim of possible teaching in Afrikaans. This study looked at how and to what extent needs analyses contribute to determining the content of a specific purposes course for Afrikaans second language student teachers as they require a unique syllabus due to the fact that the nature of their communication places demands other than that of generic language acquisition. The characteristics of the specific skills that the students need were therefore studied through a needs analysis. Language for specific purposes (LSP) has its own approach to curriculum development and materials design as one of the goals include learning the specific language in limited time. This study will look at how and to what extent the LSP course take students' academic language needs into account. In other words, the principles underlying the design of LSP courses will be studied. The grading and organisation of the content of syllabi often occurred randomly in the past. With the use of needs analyses, the content of the specific purposes syllabi can be specifically determined. By making use of existing research, this study examines the sequencing of content or tasks within a syllabus.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Taalbeleid vir Hoër Onderwys (2002) onderskryf veeltaligheid en taaldiversiteit in tersiêre onderrig. Die vraagstukke rakende veeltaligheid in tersiêre kontekste en die ontwerp van 'n beroepsgerigte taalonderrigprogram ("vocational language teaching programme") is nog nie genoegsaam in navorsing hanteer nie. Die onderrig van tale sluit kursusse vir spesifieke doeleindes aan volwasse leerders in. Hierdie tipe onderrig vir spesifieke doeleindes het nog nie veel aandag binne Afrikaanse tweedetaalnavorsing ontvang nie. Daar word tans min of geen wetenskaplike navorsing oor die onderrig en leer van Afrikaans as tweede taal vir spesifieke doeleindes binne die universiteitskonteks binne die raamwerk van die taakgebaseerde teorie onderneem. Daarom is hierdie studie na die ontwerp van 'n beroepsgerigte taalonderrigprogram vir onderwysstudente onderneem. Aangesien Suid-Afrika divers is ten opsigte van kultuur en taal, moet onderwysers (en onderwysstudente) daarop voorbereid wees dat effektiewe onderrig uitgedaag word, omdat van leerders verwag word om met taal op 'n hoë akademiese vlak om te gaan. Linguistiese diversiteit, soos gevind kan word in Wes-Kaapse skole, het 'n direkte invloed op leerders se kanse op sukses en onderwyskursusse sal leerderonderwysers daarop moet voorberei om in veeltalige kontekste onderrig te kan gee. Navorsing toon dat dit veral in die grondslag- en intermediêre onderrigfases is waar dit vir die onderwyser belangrik is om in 'n veeltalige konteks te kan funksioneer. Dit is twee van die onderrigfases waarvoor onderwysstudente in graad-programme opgelei word. Dit is belangrik dat hierdie onderwysstudente se taalopleiding van so 'n aard is dat hulle suksesvol in 'n veeltalige konteks kan funksioneer. Die behoefte vir die verdere ontwikkeling van Afrikaans as tweedetaal by eerstejaar- Engelssprekende onderwysstudente is veral groot aangesien daar vanaf die tweede jaar in sommige onderwyskursusse geen onderskeid tussen die twee groepe – Afrikaans eerstetaalsprekers en Afrikaans tweedetaalsprekers – getref word nie. In die tweede jaar van voorgraadse opvoedkunde-kursusse word van Afrikaans tweedetaalsprekers verwag om op dieselfde vlak met Afrikaans te kan omgaan as eerstetaalsprekers, spesifiek met die oog op moontlike onderrig in Afrikaans. In hierdie studie word gekyk na hoe en tot watter mate behoefte-analises bydra tot die bepaling van die inhoud van 'n spesifiekedoeleindeskursus vir Afrikaans-tweedetaalonderwysstudente aangesien hulle 'n eiesoortige sillabus benodig as gevolg van die feit dat die aard van hulle kommunikasie ander eise stel as die generiese taalverwerwingskursusse. Daarom word die eienskappe van die spesifieke vaardighede wat die studente benodig, deur middel van 'n behoefte-analise bestudeer. Taal vir spesifieke doeleindes (TSD) het sy eie benadering tot kurrikulumontwikkeling en materiaalontwerp aangesien een van die doelstellings onder meer die aanleer van die spesifieke taal binne beperkte tyd is. In hierdie studie word gekyk na hoe en tot watter mate die TSD-kursus die studente se akademiese taalbehoeftes in ag neem. Daar word met ander woorde na die beginsels wat onderliggend is tot die ontwerp van TSD-kursusse gekyk. Die gradering en ordening van die inhoude vir sillabusse het in die verlede dikwels lukraak plaasgevind. Met behoefte-analises kan spesifiekedoeleindesillabusse se inhoude meer spesifiek bepaal word. Deur gebruik te maak van bestaande navorsing, ondersoek hierdie studie die gradering en ordening van die inhoud of take binne 'n sillabus.
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Le, Moussu Clara. "Des théâtres d'images dans le bocage virois : autels et retables des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles de l'ancienne élection de Vire." Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20066.
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"Théâtres d'images" au coeur de l'église, chargé d'instruire les paroissiens, le retable est aussi l'apologie d'une église triomphante. Né de la volonté de commanditaires zélés et de l'attente d'autorités religieuses soucieuses de la décence de leurs sanctuaires, il est l'oeuvre d'artistes peintres, sculpteurs, doreurs et menuisiers qui, riches de savoir-faire locaux, réinterprètent les grands courants artistiques. Aussi, en s'attachant aux décors d'autels de petites paroisses rurales, cette étude rend compte de deux réalités. Elle analyse la mise en oeuvre des principes définis par le concile de Trente et intéresse l'histoire du goût en Province sous l'Ancien Régime. Enfin, cette synthèse est l'occasion de mettre en lumière un patrimoine méconnu : l'oeuvre peint et sculpté des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles dans l'ancienne élection de Vire"Theatre of picture" in the center of the church, undertaked to educate parishioners, the retable above the high altar vindicates the Church Triomphant too. Originated from the will of devoted sleeping partners and come up to clergy's expectations which is concerned about the decency of its church, the altar is created by painters, sculptors and joiners who are inspired by Parisian models but create original decorations with local know-how. Consequently, this study which concerns the decoration of the altar inside little country church accounts for two realities. First, it explains the implementation of the principles defined by the Concil. Secondly, it interests a history if styles in the provinces under the old regime. Finally, this thesis is an opportunity for bringing an unrecognized patrimony to light : painting and sculpture from the 17th and 18th centuries in the region of Vire
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De, Villiers Jan Adriaan. "Grondbeginsels vir die ontwerp van opvoedkundige rekenaarspeletjies vir die klaskamer." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212008-090059/.
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Polman, Montgomery. "Riglyne vir prestasiebeoordeling vir bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers by plaaslike owerhede." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50085.
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Thesis (MSocialWork)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical and practical framework which can be utilised as a guideline for performance appraisal of occupational social workers employed by local authorities within the Cape Metropole. The study was preceded by a comprehensive literature study whereby the term performance appraisal was explained, the necessity and purpose of performance evaluation, were identified. Furthermore, the characteristics of performance appraisal in social work have been described. These characteristics serve as a basis for this study. An empirical study was then undertaken, which entailed an exploratory study to achieve the aim of this study. The social workers, who are employed by the local authorities within the Cape Metropole, were included in the study. The study was conducted by means of a group administrative questionnaire. Occupational social work is regarded as a relatively new area of specialisation in social work and very little has been written about it. Therefore a brief overview of occupational social work is provided, with specific reference to the U.S.A., Europe and South Africa. Furthermore emphasis is placed on the structural and functional characteristics of an organisation that influences occupational social work. The nature and scope of the social worker's service rendering, as well as the knowledge and skills that is required to render effective services, is discussed. The evaluation of work performance of social workers, the frequency thereof and the persons involved therein, were investigated to determine the nature and scope of the performance appraisal systems that are implemented. Performance appraisal requires the participation of both the supervisor and the social worker. The nature of communication during performance evaluation was identified and the manner in which communication should take place were also obtained. Social workers' opinions in terms of the manner in which they should be allowed to participate during supervision and performance appraisal were also obtained. Social workers' opinions of the valuable aspects of performance appraisal were explored to determine the value of performance evaluation for them. Hence it could be deduced that they experience performance appraisal as valuable and that they have insight into the fact that performance appraisal could contribute to their professional development. The social workers' opinions in terms of the type of principles that should be implemented during performance appraisal were also explored and the outcome of the study showed that the same principles as identified in the literature, are also viewed as important to them. The respondents' opinions in terms of the importance of guidelines for performance evaluation and that it should be conducted in terms of a specific process has been explored, and the results of the study showed that the respondents were positive about the use of guidelines for performance appraisal, which should amongst others include the utilisation of an educational model, evaluation and program. In conclusion, the responses from the occupational social workers of local authorities in the Cape Metropole are discussed and compared with relevant literature. This serves as basis for the recommendations that are made and can be utilised to establish guidelines for performance appraisal for social workers at local authorities within the Cape Metropole. The most important recommendation is that management of local government should utilise the results of this study to establish guidelines for performance appraisal for their occupational social workers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n teoretiese en praktiese raamwerk daar te stel wat as riglyn benut kan word vir prestasiebeoordeling van bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers by plaaslike owerhede binne die Kaapse Metropool. 'n Omvattende literatuurstudie is ten aanvang van die studie gedoen en hiertydens is die noodsaaklikheid en doel van prestasiebeoordeling in maatskaplike werk geïdentifiseer. Verder is die eienskappe wat prestasiebeoordeling in maatskaplike werk kenmerk, beskryf. Hierdie kenmerke dien as onderbou vir die studie. Na die literatuurstudie is 'n empiriese studie onderneem wat behels het dat 'n verkennende studie gedoen is. Die bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers in diens van die plaaslike owerhede binne die Kaapse Metropool is by die ondersoek betrek. Groepgeadministreerde vraelyste is as ondersoekmetode gebruik. Bedryfs-maatskaplike werk word beskou as 'n relatief jong spesialiteitsveld van maatskaplike werk en daar is nog min daaroor geskryf. Daarom word 'n beknopte historiese oorsig van bedryfs-maatskaplike werk gegee met spesifieke verwysing na die VSA, Europa en Suid-Afrika. Verder is daar klem gelê op die strukturele en funksionele eienskappe van organisasies wat bedryfs-maatskaplike werk beïnvloed. Die aard van die dienslewering van die bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers, sowel as die kennis en vaardighede waaroor hulle behoort te beskik, word ook bespreek. Die evaluering van die maatskaplike werkers se werkverrigting, die frekwensie daarvan en die persone daarby betrokke is ondersoek om die aard en omvang van die implementering van 'n stelsel van prestasiebeoordeling te bepaal. Prestasiebeoordeling vereis dat die supervisor en die maatskaplike werker aan prestasiebeoordeling moet deelneem. Die bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers se menings ten opsigte van die redes waarom werkverrigting nie geëvalueer word nie, is ook vasgestel. Die aard van kommunikasie wat tydens die implementering van prestasiebeoordeling gebruik word, is derhalwe geïdentifiseer, en die wyse waarop kommunikasie behoort uitgevoer te word is ondersoek. Die wyse waarop die maatskaplike werkers geleentheid tot deelname aan supervisie en prestasiebeoordeling behoort te verkry, is ook bepaal. Die waarde wat prestasiebeoordeling vir die maatskaplike werker inhou, is ondersoek deur die bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers se menings oor die aspekte wat tydens prestasiebeoordeling vir hulle waarde inhou, vas te stel. Hieruit kan afgelei word dat die bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers prestasiebeoordeling as waardevol beskou en insig openbaar in die feit dat prestasiebeoordeling tot verbeterde werkverrigting en tot hulle professionele ontwikkeling kan bydra. Die respondente se opinie oor die soort beginsels in prestasiebeoordeling is ondersoek en die resultate van die studie was dat dieselfde beginsels as wat in die literatuur geïdentifiseer word, ook deur hulle as belangrik beskou is. Die bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers se menings ten opsigte van die noodsaaklikheid van riglyne vir prestasiebeoordeling en dat dit volgens 'n proses behoort te geskied, is ook vasgestel. Daar is bevind dat die maatskaplike werkers positief ingestel is ten opsigte van die gebruik van 'n stelsel wat die benutting van 'n onderrigmodel, -evaluering en -program insluit en wat sal geskied volgens bepaalde riglyne vir prestasiebeoordeling. Ten slotte word die response van die bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers van die plaaslike owerhede binne die Kaapse Metropool bespreek en vergelyk met relevante literatuur. Dit dien as basis vir die aanbevelings wat gemaak word. Hierdie aanbevelings kan benut word om riglyne daar te stel vir prestasiebeoordeling van bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers by plaaslike owerhede binne die Kaapse Metropool. Die vernaamste aanbeveling is dat die Plaaslike Owerheid die resultate van die studie moet benut om riglyne vir prestasiebeoordeling van bedryfs-maatskaplike werkers saam te stel.
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Scheepers, Elizabeth Isabella R. "Kurrikulumontwerp vir woordverwerking vir onderwysstudente in handelsvakke : ’n didaktiese studie." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1878.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Teacher Training)) -- Cape Technikon, 1991One aspect of modern technology which affects today's society is the use of computers. Against this background a study of curriculation is made and a needs assessment done on word-processing for commercial education students at South African technikons. In order to determine the needs for training in wordprocessing amongst commercial teachers in the Cape Province, permission was obtained from the Cape Department of Education to sent out a questionnaire. A second questionnaire was distributed to lecturers who train commercial teachers at technikons in the Republic of South Africa in order to obtain knowledge and insight which could lead to the establishment of criteria for the tuition of word-processing to the said education students. This study is supported by a continuous literature study. According to the random sample the commercial teachers mentioned regarding word-processing skills as very important and would like to attend a short in-service training course in this respect. Based on feedback on the other questionnaire distributed to lecturers at the five South African technikons currently training commercial teachers, criteria were formulated for the presentation of word-processing to commercial education students. Personal interviews on word-processing were conducted with experts in the field of education in order to verify indicators from both the questionnaires mentioned. With reference to personal interviews, the questionnaires and the literature study a curriculum model for wordprocessing was drawn up to be used during the training of commercial education students at technikons.
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Nilsson, Niklas, John Lindell, and Linus Möller. "Incidenthantering i molnmiljö." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18181.
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Incident response plans are faced with new challenges as organisations expands to the cloud, this thesis aims to highlight these challenges and their potential solutions. Our work has focused on managing the incident response in contrast to earlier work that has been focusing on preventing them.As with any development, security is seldom prioritized. Instead the focus are often aimed towards usability and functionality, which means incident response plans are written, implemented, forgotten and finally becomes obsolete. This could result in an organization losing their ability to produce acceptable forensic images, avoid severe downtime, or prevent similar incidents in the future, which are all important parts of incident response.Traditional incident response plans does not address incidents in the cloud. Thus, an absence of guidelines for managing incidents in the cloud becomes apparent. By compiling literature and performing practical experiments, this thesis exposes weaknesses in traditional incident response plans and demonstrates a need for cloud-specific incident response plans.Based on the conducted experiments, we can conclude that with our cloud-specific incident response plan as a basis, a forensic recovery from a cloud instance can be done in such a way that privacy and confidentiality is maintained. The experiments have also provided a forensically sound method for connecting tools to a cloud instance, we call this approach "Virtual Incident Response Disk" (VIRD).Incidenthanteringsplaner ställs inför nya utmaningar vid en expandering till molnmiljö, detta arbete ämnar att belysa de problem som uppstår vid hantering av incidenter i molnmiljö samt potentiella lösningar. Incidenthantering i denna nya miljö har inte behandlats i någon större utsträckning i tidigare arbeten då forskningens fokus har legat på att förhindra incidenter istället för att hantera dessa.Som med all utveckling är det lätt att säkerhetsarbetet hamnar på efterkälken till förmån för användarvänlighet och funktion. Detta visar sig ofta inom incidenthantering där planer för incidenthantering skrivs och implementeras för att sedan glömmas bort och sedermera bli förlegade. Detta kan medföra att en organisation förlorar förmågan att producera forensiskt godtagbara avbilder vilket är en viktig del av incidenthantering.Då incidenthanteringsplaner ämnade för traditionell servermiljö inte behandlar hanteringen av incidenter i molnmiljö fungerar det inte att applicera dessa på ny teknik såsom molnmiljö. Genom att sammanställa litteratur och utföra praktiska experiment har vi i detta arbete exponerat svagheter i traditionell incidenthantering och påvisat behovet av en molnspecifik incidenthanteringsplan.Utifrån våra utförda experiment kan vi konstatera att med vår molnspecifika incidenthanteringsplan som grund kan en forensisk utvinning från en molninstans ske på så sätt att bevisets integritet och konfidentialitet bibehålls. Baserat på erfarenheter utifrån våra experiment har även en forensiskt godtagbar metod för att ansluta verktyg till en molninstans arbetats fram, vi kallar detta tillvägagångssätt “Virtual Incident Response Disk” (VIRD).
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Abanto, Vargas Vanessa Violeta, Puertas Mayilena Petronila Carbonell, Gonzalez Percy Jesús Carazas, and Cáceres Diego Renato Palma. "Índice de progreso social del distrito de Virú." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12718.
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El producto bruto interno per cápita es considerado hoy el principal indicador
económico que mide el desarrollo de los países; sin embargo, este indicador no representa
plenamente el nivel de satisfacción de las necesidades de la población. Es por ello que nace el
Índice de Progreso Social (IPS) desarrollado por el Social Progress Imperative, el cual cuenta
tres dimensiones: (a) Necesidades Humanas Básicas, (b) Fundamentos del Bienestar, y (c)
Oportunidades, integradas cada una de ellas por cuatro componentes. Este índice tiene como
objetivo medir los resultados de la aplicación de las políticas gubernamentales orientadas a la
satisfacción de estas necesidades.
Bajo esta metodología, se calculó el IPS del distrito de Virú, arrojando como resultado
57.20 y ubicándose en un rango de calificación “Medio bajo”, rango que además es
compartido por las tres dimensiones del índice; debemos precisar que, dentro de las
dimensiones, existen tres componentes que han alcanzado una calificación mayor al rango
promedio (entre “Medio alto”, y “Alto”) y cinco que se encuentran dentro de un rango menor
al promedio (entre “Muy bajo” y “Extremo Bajo); los cuales son analizados frente al Plan de
Desarrollo Concertado del Municipio y otros instrumentos de gobierno. Algunos de estos
compontes se encuentran incluidos de manera directa, con planes de acción e indicadores de
medición, mientras que otros no han sido considerados.
Asimismo, para la realización del presente estudio, dividimos al distrito en dos
sectores que fueron determinados de acuerdo a su ubicación geográfica, tomando como punto
de referencia el corte efectuado por el paso de la carretera panamericana; siendo que el sector
1 (lado este) obtuvo un IPS de 58.95, rango “Medio bajo”; mientras que el sector 2 (lado
oeste) arrojó un IPS de 50.07, rango “Bajo”. Esta diferencia determina distintas carencias
para cada sector, así como diferentes oportunidades de mejora que la gestión gubernamental
deberá tomar en consideración para la elaboración de sus planes de acción.Nowadays, the Gross Domestic Product per capita is considered the main economic indicator that measures the development of the countries. However, this indicator does not totally fully describe the unmet needs of the population. That is why the Social Progress Index (SPI) developed by the Social Progress Imperative is born, which has three dimensions: (a) Basic human needs, (b) Fundamentals of well-being and (c) Opportunities, each one also integrated by four components; The purpose of this indicator is to measure the results of government policies application oriented to the satisfaction of this needs. Under this methodology, the IPS of the district of Virú was calculated, getting a result of 57.20 and placing itself in a "Medium Low" rating range, a range that is also shared by the three dimensions of the index; we must specify that, within the dimensions, there are three components that have achieved a higher rating than the average range (between "Medium High", and "High") and five that are within a lower than average range (between "Very low" "And" Extreme Low); which are analyzed against the Concerted Development Plan of the Municipality and other government instruments. Some of these components are included directly, with action plans and measurement indicators, while others have not been considered. Likewise, in order to make this investigation, we divided the district into two sectors that were determined according to their geographical location, taking as a point of reference the cut made by the passage of the Pan-American highway; being that sector 1 (east side) obtained an SPI of 58.95, "medium low" range; while sector 2 (west side) showed an SPI of 50.07, "Low" range. This difference determines different deficiencies for each sector as well as different opportunities for improvement that government management should take into consideration for the preparation of their action plans.
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SOARES, E. A. "Proteômica quantitativa, livre de marcação, de Carica papaya L. em resposta à doença da meleira do mamoeiro." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7131.
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-29Mamão (C. papaya L), uma fruteira de grande importância econômica mundial, vem sofrendo acentuados prejuízos na pré colheira, sobretudo pela doença da meleira do mamoeiro, caracterizada pela exsudação espontânea de látex aquoso e fluido que oxida e se acumula como uma substância pegajosa nos órgãos da planta. A meleira é causada por uma infecção sinérgica dos vírus PMeV e PMeV2, cuja sintomatologia manifesta-se apenas após a transição juvenil-adulto (florescimento) das plantas. Para entender os mecanismos de interação planta-vírus e a dependência fenológica da sintomatologia, o proteoma de C. papaya foi acessado, via proteômica quantitativa livre de marcação baseada em LC-MS/MS, para plantas infectadas e não infectadas (controle) em quatro diferentes idades (3, 4, 7 e 9 meses pós germinação). Este estudo possibilitou a identificação de 1.623 e a quantificação de 1.609 proteínas, cuja comparação de abundâncias revelou uma elevação nos níveis de proteínas relacionadas à fotossíntese e redução nos níveis de proteínas relacionadas à atividade de caspase-like, 26S-proteassomo e remodelamento de parede celular no período assintomático e anterior ao florescimento. O surgimento dos sintomas após o florescimento (7 meses pós germinação) foi acompanhado de uma redução no acúmulo de proteínas relacionadas à fotossíntese e elevação no acúmulo de proteínas relacionadas ao metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídeos, aminoácidos, proteínas, nucleotídeos e ácidos nucléicos. Além do acúmulo de proteínas envolvidas em resposta a estresse, sinalização, transporte e parede celular. O somatório destes resultados aponta para a existência de um mecanismo de tolerância incompleto na fase assintomática e anterior ao florescimento, com uma sinalização por ROS via cloroplasto seguido de um sistema ineficiente na contenção da infecção sistêmica pela depleção da atividade caspásica, proteassomal, e de remodelamento de parede. Este mecanismo de tolerância incompleta no pré florescimento ganha novos elementos com a transição juvenil-adulto, que com uma infecção já instalada de forma sistêmica, origina os sintomas de resposta necrótica e clorótica tardios. A inibição nos processos de remodelamento de parede celular anteriores ao florescimento acarreta no enfraquecimento dos laticíferos, que se rompem quando em desequilíbrio osmótico, gerando o aspecto melado do mamoeiro doente.
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Botes, Engela. "Riglyne vir omgewingsjoernaliste." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52440.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is calculated that the biosphere is worth between $16 and $54 trillion. The environment, however, is constantly under threat of proposed development that focuses on recreational, industrial, commercial and residential developments. The environment is an unobtrusive subject. Members of the public can seldom gain firsthand experience about those activities and actions that influence the environment. Therefore, the public relies heavily on the media to inform them of the general state of the environment. This thesis aims to provide guidelines to journalists who work in the field of environmental reporting. Various models of the communication of science, according to which environmental journalists present their work, are discussed. Sustainable journalism is presented as a solution in the debate between objective and subjective reporting. Environmental journalists have diverse sources to tap in search of credible articles. Attention is given to the specific relationship between the media, scientists and lobby groups. Attention is also given to the process of interviewing sources. Certain issues and activities generate more media attention than others. This is discussed with reference to news subjects, agenda setting and the framing of messages. Attention is given to the issues that make a subject newsworthy, ie risk journalism, local input, human interest, conflict and visual impact.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die waarde van die biosfeer word geskat tussen $16 en $54 triljoen. Die omgewing word daagliks in gedrang gebring deur voorgestelde ontwikkeling wat fokus op ontspanning, industriële, kommersiëleen residensiële uitbreidings. Omdat die omgewing 'n onopvallende ("unobtrusive")onderwerp is, steun die publiek swaar op die media om hulle in te lig oor die belangrikheid en invloed van gebeurtenisse in die omgewing wat hulle nie self kan ervaar nie. Daarom speel omgewingsjoernalistiek 'n baie spesifieke rol in die bewusmaking van die publiek oor aspekte wat die omgewing bedreig of interessant maak. Dit moet ook die publiek aanspoor tot direkte omgewingsvriendelikeaksies. Riglyne word in hierdie verhandeling uiteengesit in 'n poging om tot hulp te wees vir joernaliste wat die omgewing hul belangstellingsveldwil maak. Die verskillende modelle van wetenskaplike kommunikasie, waarvolgens omgewingsjoernaliste hul werk aanbied, word bespreek. Volhoubare joernalistiek word as oplossing aangebied in die debat oor objektiewe en subjektiewe verslaggewing. Die verskillende bronne wat omgewingsjoernaliste kan tap om nuuswaardige artikels te kan skryf, word bespreek. Daar word veral gekyk na die media se verhouding en wisselwerking met wetenskaplikes en drukgroepe. Die proses van onderhoudsvoering word ook bespreek. Die suksesvolle gebruik van nuusonderwerpe, asook agendastelling en die raming van artikels om 'n bepaalde boodskap oor te dra, word bespreek om lig te werp op die vraag waarom sekere omgewingsverwante gebeure meer media-aandag genereer as andere Aandag word gegee aan die faktore wat nuuswaardigheid beïnvloed, soos die onmiddellikheid van nuus, risiko-joernalistiek, plaaslike inhoud, die menslike nuushoek, konflik en beeldmateriaal.
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Viljoen, Coralie. "Huweliksverryking vir plaaswerkers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20867.
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Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Marriage enrichment was developed to equip couples with the necessary skills and knowledge to help them achieve a happy marriage. It is successful with respect to the improvement of the marriage relationship and the encouragement of marital satisfaction. The marriage enrichment programmes that were developed up till now, were developed for the use of residents of First World countries. The goal of this study was to identify farm workers’ experience of marriage and their needs with respect to marriage, in order to make recommendations with regard to elements that could be included in a marriage enrichment programme for farm workers. A qualitative research design was used, as semi-structured interviews with the help of an interview schedule were conducted with thirteen farm workers who live and work on two farms in different geographical areas around Stellenbosch. Information was gathered by separately interviewing marriage partners, in order to ensure that conversations were not influenced by the presence of the marriage partner. Participants not only consisted of legally married couples, but also couples who were involved in a long-term relationship. The literature study focused on the circumstances of farm workers in the Western Cape. It also focused on theories underpinning current marriage enrichment programmes, and discussed and described the content of selected current marriage enrichment programmes. General challenges facing couples and which are typically included in marriage enrichment programmes were also discussed. Three themes emerged during findings and conclusions of the study. These include various sub-themes arising from the alcohol abuse of farm workers, and distinctive qualities of happy and unhappy couples. Recommendations were made with regard to these themes, while the theories on which current marriage enrichment programmes were based, as well as its exercises and elements were kept in mind.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huweliksverryking is ontwikkel om egpare met die nodige kennis en vaardighede toe te rus ter bereiking van ‘n gelukkige huwelik. Dit is doeltreffend ten opsigte van die verbetering van die huweliksverhouding en die bevordering van huwelikstevredenheid. Die huweliksverrykings-programme wat egter wel ontwikkel is, is vir die gebruik van inwoners van Eerste Wêreld-lande ontwikkel. Die doel van hierdie studie was om plaaswerkers se ervaring van die huwelik en hul behoeftes ten opsigte van die huwelik te identifiseer, sodat aanbevelings gemaak kan word ten opsigte van elemente wat ingesluit kan word in ‘n huweliksverrykingsprogram vir plaaswerkers. ‘n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is benut, aangesien semi-geskeduleerde onderhoude aan die hand van ‘n onderhoudskedule gevoer is met dertien plaaswerkers wat woon en werk op twee plase in verskillende geografiese areas buite Stellenbosch. Onderhoude met huweliksmaats het apart van mekaar plaasgevind, om te verseker dat gesprekke nie deur die teenwoordigheid van die huweliksmaat beïnvloed kon word nie. Deelnemers het nie net bestaan uit wettiglik getroude egpare nie, maar ook paartjies wat in ‘n langtermynverhouding betrokke is. Die literatuurstudie het gefokus op die omstandighede van Wes-Kaapse plaaswerkers. Dit het ook gefokus op teorieë waarop bestaande huweliksverrykingsprogramme gebaseer is, en het verskeie geselekteerde bestaande huweliksverrykingsprogramme se inhoud bepaal en omskryf. Algemene uitdagings waarmee egpare te doen kry, en wat tipies in huweliksverrykingsprogramme bespreek word, is ook bespreek. Tydens bevindinge en gevolgtrekkings van die studie het drie temas na vore gekom. Dit sluit in verskeie sub-temas ten opsigte van alkoholmisbruik tussen plaaswerkers en die onderskeie eienskappe van gelukkige en ongelukkige egpare. Die aanbevelings is ten opsigte van hierdie temas gemaak, met inagneming van bestaande huweliksverrykingsprogramme se elemente, oefeninge en die teorieë waarop dit gebaseer is.
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Duvenhage, Annamarie. "Wiskundemateriaal vir multigraadonderrig." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1942.
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Die tesis is voorgelê ter verwerwing van die graad: Magister in Opvoedkunde
in die Fakulteit Onderwys en Sosiale Wetenskappe
aan die Kaapse Skiereiland Universiteit van Tegnologie
2014This study attempted to address the extremely poor results for Mathematics and total lack of relevant teaching and learning material in multi-grade schools. In the case of multi-grade classes, the teacher has to cope with a large variety of development levels, grades and subjects in one classroom. Challenges that arise as a result of multi-grade teaching require instructional materials with unique characteristics and learners and teachers who develop the skills to put this material to use successfully. During the study of the relevant literature, evidence was found that proved that the learner–material approach offers the best outcomes within the unique circumstances of multi-grade teaching. This approach shifts the focus to the teaching materials and the learners while the teacher facilitates the process. In both multi-grade teaching and Mathematics teaching, this method holds benefits for learners and teachers. It teaches the learners to accept responsibility for their own learning and to know at all times what to do because the material provides clear guidance, giving the teacher more time in class to help those who need it. After a literature study and a context analysis, design principles were established with which the above material should comply. By this means, scientific criteria can be developed against which future materials would be measured. The Centre for Multigrade Education (CMGE) has undertaken to develop the necessary prototype Mathematics material. Using this material, the researcher could put the validity of the design principles and the expected usefulness of the material to the test. This brings together the theory and practice in a remarkable manner. The primary objective of the study was to improve quality, not only of the prototype, but also of future teaching and learning material.
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Du, Rosel Amaury. "La noblesse de la région de Vire, 1598-1789 : étude sociologique et démographique." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20071.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la petite noblesse viroise en Basse-Normandie. La thèse est divisée en six parties : la première partie tente de dénombrer cette noblesse. Il en ressort qu'au 17ème siècle, la noblesse de Normandie est la plus importante. Mais un fort déclin démographique intervient au 18ème siècle qui est dû en partie à l'augmentation du célibat des cadets et à l'âge plus tardif du mariage des filles. L'analyse des revenus de cette noblesse montre qu'il s'agit bien d'une noblesse pauvre et rurale. Le noble laboureur n'est pas une légende. La troisième partie s'attarde sur le mode de vie et de l'éducation d'un noble. Les trois dernières parties tentent de comprendre les mécanismes successoraux et les stratégies matrimoniales. Il apparaît que la principale cause de l'appauvrissement des lignages cadets est bien la conséquence du partage noble, même si la coutume protège mieux les détenteurs de fief. Il existe d'autres causes à l'appauvrissement de cette noblesse, comme la pratique désastreuse des procès. Les conséquences de cette pauvreté sont entre autres la marginalisation, la perte de l'identité nobiliaire, et plus grave encore, la criminalitéThe item of this thesis is on the research of the nobility in Vire in Basse-Normandie. The thesis is divided in six parts : the first part tries to count this nobility. In the 17th century, the nobility in Normandy is most important, but in the 18th century, large demographic decline occurs : due to the increase of the single life of the youngest and if the late weddings of the girls. The analysis of the wages of this nobility shows that it's a poor and rural nobility. The noble plongman isn't a legend. The third part talks about the way of life and the education of the noble man. The three last parts try to understand the successoral mechanism and the matrimonial strategies. The main reason of imporesichment of the lineage of the youngests is the real consequence of the share of a noble succession, if the tradition protects more the fief hodler, other reasons exist as the disastrous practice of the proceedings. The consequences of this poverty are marginalized social groups, the loss of noble identity and more secondly criminality
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THOREUX, MICHEL. "Caracterisation moleculaire d'un variant naturel vif du virus hiv-2rod." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20913.
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Briceño, Jesús. "Recent Discoveries of the Paijanense in The Upper Chicama, Moche and Virú Valleys, Northern Perú: New Perspectives on the First Hunter-Gatherers in the Andes of South America." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113514.
Full textAbstract:
We present newly-registered Paiján sites in the interior and upper parts of the Chicama, Moche and Virú valleys, with strong tiesto the highland region. The research indicates that Paiján hunter-gatherers were not only a coastal group whose subsistence was basedon marine resources. They also occupied diverse ecological environments preferring springs with high mobility across the Andes and exploiting diverse resources, such as white-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and raw materials for producing lithic tools.En este artículo se presenta el registro de nuevos sitios paijanenses al interior y parte alta de los valles de Chicama, Moche y Virú, más vinculados con la región de la sierra, lo que evidencia, de manera consistente, que estos grupos de cazadores-recolectores no se establecieron solo en la costa y basaron su subsistencia en los recursos marinos, sino que ocuparon diversos ambientes ecológicos siempre relacionados con fuentes de agua y tuvieron un amplio grado de movilidad de manera longitudinal y transversal a lo largo de los cursos de ríos y quebradas, con lo que pudieron aprovechar una mayor diversidad de recursos, entre ellos el venado gris de cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus) y materias primas para la elaboración de herramientas líticas.
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Grobbelaar, Anita Marlisse. "Riglyne vir 'n proaktiewe begeleidingsprogram vir ouers met kleuters / Anita M. Grobbelaar." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/305.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to establish the knowledge and learning needs of parents with toddlers in
order to formulate guidelines for a pro-active parental support programme. The topic
represents a response to the need for information and skills expressed by numerous parents
in the researcher's private practice. Contemporary parents continue to be confronted by the
significance of the responsibility of parenthood. They also continue to experience learning
deficiencies regarding their role as parents in spite of living in an age of information and
technology.
Intervention research was undertaken. The principal findings of this investigation were the
following: parents participating in this investigation expressed the need for guidance that take
into account two specific factors, namely that the program should be based on a Christian
perspective and that the guidance should take the specific developmental phase of the child
into consideration - the toddler phase in this case. Themes were also identified that these
parents would like to see included in such a programme. These were: discipline,
developmental phase, moral values and character development, emotional needs of toddlers,
parental involvement in children's play, the uniqueness of every child, conflict management
and communication, parental style, children and marriage, and aspects in the adult's world
with a negative impact upon parental status. These themes were used as guidelines to
compile a prototype parental support programme. This program was subjected to a pilot study
involving three separate groups of parents. Guidelines were continuously evaluated and
adapted where necessary. A final global evaluation confirmed the suitability of the program
for further development and testing.Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Nogueira, Leana. "Riglyne vir 'n MIV/VIGS-groepwerk-voorkomingsprogram vir die plaaswerkergemeenskap / Leana Nogueira." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1085.
Full textAbstract:
HIV/AIDS mainly is a health problem, which is accompanied by social and economic
implications worldwide and is seen as a pandemic that negatively affects South Africa.
The agricultural labour force, specifically the farm worker community, is also negatively
affected by it. However, few research reports are available pertaining to this problem in
this section of the population
Based on the above, the researcher investigated the attitudes and level of knowledge of the
farm worker community with regard to HIV/AIDS. During the investigation it was
established that knowledge was lacking and a misperception regarding the HI virus
prevailed in the farm worker community.
A needs assessment was executed in order to establish what information the farm workers
wish to receive and whether they would be willing to attend group assemblies. Initially,
the farm workers were not familiar with the term 'group work', but once it was explained
to them it was established that the farm workers did indeed feel a need for a group work
programme. A prevention programme was compiled in accordance with the needs of the
farm workers, which included giving information on HIV/AIDS as well as teaching them
life skills. An attempt was made to compile the programme in a culture sensitive manner
so that information could reach the farm workers at their level of functioning.
The aim of the investigation was:
To establish the attitudes, convictions and level of knowledge of black farm
workers with regard to HIV/AIDS by means of a literature study and empirical
investigation; and
To compile an HIV/AIDS group work prevention programme based on a literature
study and empirical research.
In conclusion, it can be said that the research has proved that knowledge pertaining to the
virus is lacking among the farm worker community and that it is essential to change their
attitudes.
Group work, as a method of social work, can be utilised with remarkable success to bring
about positive changes regarding HIV/AIDS in this sector.Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Du, Toit Charlene. "Riglyne vir effektiewe onderwys in afkampusonderwysprogramme vir praktiserende onderwysers / C. du Toit." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4485.
Full textAbstract:
The problem being investigated in this thesis is to understand and explain why some Setswana speaking students in the ACE-programme for Life Orientation who have voluntarily registered for a decentralised off-campus education programme at the NWU, continue to demand personal, face-to-face communication with their lecturers during the course of their studies.
„Off-campus education‟ (also known as „distance education‟ and / or „decentralised education‟) is usually implemented in an attempt to afford more students the opportunity to improve their qualifications and skills – especially in the case of those students who, for a variety of reasons, may not be in a position to enrol for fulltime contact training. Off-campus education could help to serve the divergent education-related needs of poor, less privileged, geographically isolated, difficult-to-reach and deep rural communities. It could also assist with the teaching and learning of new knowledge and skills as far as its integrated use of contemporary technological developments is concerned. Besides UNISA, the North-West University is at present the biggest supplier of off-campus education programmes to practising teachers in the country.
Despite the exponential increase in educational and technological developments in the late 20th and early 21st century, information and communication technology – within a broader South African context – is still not within reach of all the NWU‟s off-campus education students. Recent attempts to integrate contact education principles in off-campus education, led to the development of the (well-known) hybrid, namely „flexi-education‟. Over the past seven years or so, this state of affairs has slowly developed to the point where the number of registered, off-campus African education students at the NWU who insist (despite paper-based, electronic and mobile learning support) on demanding personal, face-to-face contact with their lecturers, has increased rapidly. It would furthermore seem that the use of, for example, internet and communication technology is increasing the existing gap between the African education student and his / her lecturer. This growing gap has already resulted in some registered African education students feeling increasingly isolated. The problem with the use of ICT in off-campus education is understood by some as leading to a situation where the ICT being implemented may, one day soon, replace the lecturer during scheduled contact facilitation sessions. Should that happen, it could mean that interactive communication and the social presence of the lecturer during scheduled contact facilitation sessions may be compromised and even permanently forfeited.
The available body of scholarship does not adequately address the perceptions of students with regard to the importance of (a) the temporal-spatial, simultaneous presence of their lecturers and (b) social interactions during scheduled contact facilitation sessions. From the available literature, it is also not clear: why some students may want to entertain and maintain such perceptions, what the attitude of students with regard to social interaction and the social presence of their lecturers might be, or what role ICT could be playing in the life-world of off-campus students in South Africa.
In an attempt to solve this intellectual conundrum and with a view to effecting naturalistic generalisation (and not statistical generalisation) I have decided, in light of the above, to implement and follow a multi-analytical research design (mixed methods, multi-analysis design) (Onwuegbuzie et al., 2009: passim; 117). Instead of me seeking to generalise my own research findings, I have decided to leave it to my readers to generalise the findings from their own experiences in the past (Onwuegbuzie et al., 2009: 120). This approach represents a kind of „fuzzy generalisation‟ (Ekiz, 2006:73) in the sense that something that has happened in one place could just as well be demonstrated to have happened somewhere else as well (ibid.). I have, therefore, undertaken both a quantitative as well as qualitative study in order to understand why Setswana speaking education students in the ACE-programme in Life Orientation would continue to demand personal, face-to-face contact with their lecturers, despite all the teaching and learning support that they are offered along the way. I have completed my research on the basis of (and in view of) my research aims. The same applies to the data that I have managed to capture and interpret. On the basis of these data, certain strategic guidelines for effective education in off-campus education programmes for practising teachers have then been drafted.
My most important research findings include: Off-campus education is purposively delivered to the client, e.g. to the Setswana speaking student in his / her natural surroundings. Off-campus education should strive to care for the student and his / her contextualised needs. An authentic encounter between the off-campus lecturer and student should be allowed to take place. These encountering opportunities could assist in liberating the Setswana speaking student from all moral and ethical obligation of having to meet his / her lecturer and talking to him / her personally. No more moral burdening or social indebtedness should be placed on students to attend the scheduled contact facilitation sessions. The Setswana speaking student should be accompanied to feel and experience that s/he is unconditionally accepted and respected in his / her particular situation and locale. The Setswana speaking student should be able to feel and experience on a particularly deep interpersonal level the security that s/he has the right to belong to a particular off-campus education community (that is not only viewed as a communal society, but also managed as one). The University as service provider ought to create intimate, interactive spaces during scheduled contact facilitation sessions for all off-campus lecturers in order to afford their Setswana speaking students the opportunity to realise their ontic, social yearning for belonghesion. The Setswana speaking student experiences off-campus education as a process of social unity, as well as a social, communal learning community, together with his / her lecturers and fellow students. For this reason, scheduled contact facilitation sessions should be focusing (given the transactional nature of off-campus education) on communal, „perfect-fit education for us‟. Within a communal „perfect-fit‟ education community, the Setswana speaking student should be accompanied to adopt his / her reason for existence in the following manner: “We are, therefore I am.” Given the transactional nature of scheduled contact facilitation sessions (that should be focusing on transactional proximity, openness and sincerity within this communal „perfect-fit education for us‟) the Setswana speaking student does not wish the use of computer and internet technology to replace their ontic and socially cohesive, essential yearning for communal humanity and fellowship. It would seem that Setswana speaking students may not, necessarily, be less than ready for the implementation of ICT in their off-campus education programmes because they cannot afford it, but mainly because they do not yet regard computer and internet technology as part of their cultural furniture. Any attempt at implementing ICT in off-campus education should be considered and managed by universities with great circumspect, so that these students‟ social, ontic, and cohesively essential yearning and ever intensifying, deepening, socially-mutual attaching, fixative and reciprocally trusting attraction could be properly accounted for, and so that it may be managed satisfactorily on a curricular level. Off-campus education should, therefore, be based on the realisation of ontic „We-ness‟ where the members of this community continue to depend on each other and where the supply and delivery of off-campus education is constantly reformed and fine-tuned so that it may reflect an authentic collective learning community. Off-campus education should be focusing on a collectivist, communally searching, epistemological approach where human beings are constantly relating to their fellow human beings, playing different social roles and taking full responsibility for whatever may be needed to realise these students‟ off-campus studies successfully.Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Keyser, Helane. "Ondersoek na 'n model vir die opleiding van leksikograwe vir verklarende woordeboeke." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53539.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the past work on theoretical lexicography was often done simply "incidentally", usually flowing from research in pure linguistics. In the course of time theoretical lexicography and the compilation of dictionaries developed into a fully fledged discipline. The successful lexicographer requires particular characteristics and skills of a high quality. It appears from discussions with editors of dictionaries that even the best academic training does not necessarily produce an excellent lexicographer, as the compilation of dictionaries is a process that requires the skilful integration of theory, practice and language intuition. This study has tried to identify the knowledge, characteristics and skills that are necessary in order to train prospective lexicographers. An attempt has been made, by way of a selective literature review and conducting interviews with people engaged in the practice of lexicography, to design a model for the training of lexicographers. The study has shown that the training of lexicographers should not focus only on the theoretical aspects, but that in-service training or experience with a publisher of dictionaries is very important. A proposal is made on the subjects that should receive attention in the training of lexicographers. As part of the training model every prospective lexicographer should receive grounding in the development of management skills. A model for the compilation of dictionaries should emphasise the importance of a well thought-through conceptualisation of a plan for a dictionary as part of the lexicographical process. Lexicographers should be trained in the lexicographical process, from the collection of data to the preparation of the dictionary for publication. The purpose of the dictionary should also be identified as part of the planning phase. Prospective lexicographers must, among other things, build up an extensive knowledge of metalexicography, the general theory of lexicography, the management and planning of a dictionary project, the lexicographical process (from the collection of data to the publication and evaluation of dictionaries), aspects regarding the theories of semantics, morphology, phonology and syntax, and computer lexicography. Finally, a recommendation is made that certain components of lexicography training should also be undertaken at technikons rather than only at universities - this proposition should be researched further.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Werk in die teoretiese leksikografie is in die verlede dikwels bloot "toevallig" gedoen vanuit navorsing wat gewoonlik veral in die suiwer taalkunde gedoen is. Die teoretiese leksikografie en die skryf van woordeboeke het mettertyd ontwikkel tot 'n volwaardige dissipline. Sekere eienskappe en vaardighede van hoogstaande gehalte word benodig om 'n suksesvolle leksikograaf te wees. Uit gesprekke met woordeboekredakteurs blyk dit duidelik dat selfs die beste akademiese opleiding nie noodwendig 'n voortreflike leksikograaf saloplewer nie, aangesien die skryf van 'n woordeboek 'n proses is waardeur teorie, praktyk en taalintuïsie vaardig ineengevleg moet word. Hierdie studie het gepoog om die kennis, eienskappe en vaardighede te identifiseer wat nodig is om 'n voornemende leksikograaf te onderrig. Deur middel van 'n selektiewe literatuurstudie en persoonlike onderhoude met persone in die praktyk, is gepoog om 'n model daar te stel vir die opleiding van leksikograwe. Die studie het getoon dat leksikograwe se opleiding nie net op die teoretiese aspekte mag fokus nie, maar dat indiensopleiding of ondervinding by 'n woordeboekuitgewer van groot belang is. 'n Voorstel word gemaak oor die onderwerpe wat aandag behoort te geniet in die opleiding van 'n leksikograaf. As deel van die opleidingsmodel behoort elke voornemende leksikograaf onderlê te word in die ontwikkeling van bestuursvaardighede. 'n Model vir die samestelling van woordeboeke behoort klem te lê op die belangrikheid van 'n weldeurdagte woordeboekkonseptualiseringsplan as deel van die leksikografiese proses. Leksikograwe behoort in die leksikografiese proses onderrig te word, vanaf die verkryging van data tot die voorbereiding vir publikasie van die woordeboek. Die doel van die woordeboek moet ook geïdentifiseer word as deel van die beplanningsfase. Voornemende leksikograwe moet onder andere 'n deeglike kennis opdoen van die metaleksikografie, algemene leksikografieteorie, bestuur en beplanning van 'n woordeboekprojek, die leksikografiese proses (van die verkryging van data tot die uitgee van die woordeboek en die evaluering daarvan), aspekte van die teorie van semantiek, morfologie, fonologie en sintaksis en rekenaarleksikografie. Ten slotte word 'n aanbeveling gemaak dat bepaalde komponente van leksikografie-opleiding dalk ook by technikons en nie net by universiteite hoort nie - hierdie opmerking behoort verder nagevors te word.
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Steenkamp, Mathys M. "'n Besluitsteunstelsel vir die optimum sagte vrugte kultivar keuse vir produksie-eenhede." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/22002.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of improving the net farm income of production units are an economical reality. One of the most important factors determining the profitability of deciduous fruit like apples and pears is the difference between the market price and the production of different cultivars. The profitability of production units is therefore determined by the cultivar composition. A decision support system is proposed for production units in the deciduous fruit industry to reach the optimal cultivar composition and an implementation plan of how to reach this optimal composition. The purpose of this study will include the optimising and adjustment of different cultivars to reach the highest possible profitability within the ranges of the available resources. The study will also contain all the relevant facts and information which are needed to make a choice between the different cultivars. The decision making process of deciduous fruit producers could be assisted with a decision support system or model. The use of such a decision support system or model to reach the optimal cultivar composition could lead to economic advantages for deciduous fruit producers. A wide range of choices regarding certain procedures and methods are found in the decision making process. Modelling and simulation are some of these methods that are used in the agricultural industry to assist the industry on a micro and macro level. Linear programming is one of these modelling methods which can be used to determine the optimal cultivar choice. Linear programming involves the creating and solving of optimisation problems with linear objective functions and linear constraints. linear programming is a very powerful tool that can be applied in many business situations. The optimal cultivar choice is only theoretical if this composition could not be simulated in a model over a certain period of time to detennine the economical feasibility of the proposed cultivar composition. The end results of such an optimisation problem provide to the user of this linear programming model a powerful tool to assist producers in its decisions regarding cultivar choices. The average result of a 90% increase in profitability over the group for whom the study was conducted emphasized the support that this model can give to deciduous fruit producers in making the correct cultivar choice decisions
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is 'n ekonomiese realiteit vir enige produksie-eenheid om sy netta boerdery inkomste so haag as moontlik per hektaar te kry. Die grootste faktor wat die winsgewendheid van sagtevrugte soos byvoorbeeld appels en pere beinvloed, is die verskil in markpryse en produksie tussen die verskillende kultivars. Die kultivarsamestelling van produksieeenhede bepaal die winsgewendheid van so 'n eenheid. Om oplossings vir optimale kultivarwysigingstrategiee te bekom word 'n besluitnemingsondersteuningstelsel vir die sagte vrugte produksie-eenhede voorgestel. Die doel van die studie is vir die optimalisering van verskillende kultivars, of kultivarwysigings, om wins te maksimeer binne die grense van beskikbare infrastruktuur. Die studie sal alle relevante inligting en feite bevat wat in ag geneem moet word wanneer die keuse tussen kultivars gemaak word. Die besluitnemingsproses van sagtevrugte produsente kan ondersteun word met 'n besluitnemingsondersteuningstelsel of -model. Die gebruik van 'n besluitnemingsondersteuningstelsel of -model, en keuses tussen kultivars vir toekomstige aanplantings te maak, kan tot ekonomiese voordele vir die produsente lei. 'n Wye reeks van keuses in terme van benaderings, prosedures en metodes word in die besluitnemingsproses gevind. Modellering en simulasie vorm deel van hierdie metodes wat help am verskillende landbou industriee of sisteme op 'n mikro sowel as makro vlak te verstaan. Lineere programmering is een van hierdie modellering metodes wat gebruik kan word om 'n optimale samesteliing van kultivars te verkry. Uneare programmering is 'n optimaliseringstegniek waarin beide die doelwit en aile beperking5 as 'n reeks van lineere vergelykings uitgedruk word. Uneare programmering spreek dus die optimaliseringsprobleem binne sekere beperkinge direk aan en word daarom universeel as waarskynlik die algemeenste en wydste optimaliseringstegniek gebruik. Die optima Ie kultivarsamestelling is slegs teoreties van aard indien hierdie kultivarsamestelling nie in 'n model gesimuleer kan word oor 'n sekere tydperk, sodat die ekonomiese haalbaarheid van so 'n verandering geregverdig kan word nie. Die eindresultaat van hierdie optmaliseringsprobleem bied aan die gebruiker van hierdie lineere programmeringsmodel 'n kragtige instrument wat die produsent kan ondersteun met sy besluitneming rakende die optimale kultivarsamestelling . Die navorsingstudie se groepsgemiddelde resultaat van 90% winsverbetering, binne die raamwerk van beperkinge wat gebruik is, bied voldoende ondersteuning vir die effektiwiteit van die optimaliseringsmodel wat ontwikkel is.
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Henwood, Roland David. "Politieke risiko-analise as hulpmiddel vir politieke besluitnemers : elektrisiteitsvoorsiening vir Suid-Afrika." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53409.
Full textAbstract:
The objective with this study is to determine if political risk analysis is of value for
the political decision-maker and also how political risk can be identified and
factored into political decision-making. Electricity supply in South Africa was used
to test the assumptions and findings related to political risk and decision-making.
Political risk analysis was also not used in the traditional way to determine
economic, investment or business risk, but rather to determine if the methods
underlying political risk analysis are of any value to political decision-makers in
deciding policy and policy-actions.
The value of this study lies in determining a systematic and representative body
of information and practice on political risk analysis to serve as tool and guideline
for political decision-making. Political risk is used in the context of political
decision-making, based on informed decision-making with a sensitivity towards
forecasting, anticipation and prioritising of decisions.
Different approaches to political risk, focussing on effective systems functioning,
early warning and traditional political risk analysis were selected. From this a
framework for the analysis of policy decisions and actions related to electricity
supply in South Africa was developed. The analysis determined that the negative
consequences of flawed decisions can be prevented, or can at least be limited if
informed decisions are taken, based on an understanding of possible future
outcomes and the implications thereof.
The study concludes that the analytical framework based on political risk analysis
is a valuable tool to assist political decision-makers. The flexible analytical
framework developed in this study provides evidence of the value and use of
political risk analysis as a tool to assist political decision-makers, that will also
have value in policy relevant areas such as the provision of water, youth
unemployment, development and education in South Africa.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Political Sciences
MA
Unrestricted
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Akil, Dona. "Etudes de deux protéines chaperonnes des acides nucléiques de virus de l’immunodéficience humaine type 1 : Vif et la protéine nucléocapside." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P602.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail de ma thèse porte sur l’étude des protéines chaperonnes des acides nucléiques chez le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine VIH-1.Ces protéines sont au nombre de trois : Tat, Vif et la Nucléocapside. Je me suis concentrée sur les deux dernières citées : Vif, dont j’ai réalisé une étude structurale et fonctionnelle en partant du gène, j’ai réussi à produire et purifier la protéine, que je l’ai caractérisée par des méthodes structurales comme la diffusion de lumière et le dichroïsme circulaire. J’ai étudié les interactions de cette protéine avec les acides nucléiques par spectroscopie de fluorescence et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN). Et finalement j’ai participé aux tests d’activités chaperonnes. Pour la nucléocapside, qui est une protéine déjà connue au sein du laboratoire, j’ai examiné son rôle de protéine chaperonne lors de l’initiation de la transcription inverse. J’ai mis en évidence par RMN une interaction très controversée entre l’ARN génomique virale et l’ARNtLys3 qui joue le rôle d’amorce pour l’initiation de la transcription inversePas de résumé en anglais
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Wong, Ka-ho Danny, and 王嘉豪. "Quantitation of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29938855.
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Davidovitsch, Fernando. "Rikud vira-lata: metáforas dos borramentos entre tradição e contemporaneidade na cena da dança." Escola de Dança, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/16047.
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A presente pesquisa tem como abordagem os modos como a ideia de híbrido e/ou borramentos de fronteiras entre tradição e contemporaneidade foi construída no trabalho de dança, de autoria própria, Rikud Vira-Lata, que é o objeto de investigação neste estudo. Rikud Vira-Lata (rikud significa dança em hebraico) é um trabalho artístico que, por meio de uma autobiografia de um corpo judeubrasileirobrasileirojudeu na contemporaneidade, coloca em discussão temas como borras culturais, tradição israelita, corpo e identidade. Este estudo aporta-se na compreensão de que metáfora não está apenas restrita ao sistema linguístico verbal, mas que está, também, atrelada às nossas experiências corporais diárias, sendo uma ação cognitiva e que, assim, agimos por meio do procedimento metafórico. Como metodologia realizou-se a observação dos vídeos dos resultantes coreográficos em Rikud Vira-Lata entre os anos de 2011 e 2013 e foi feito o levantamento e revisão bibliográfica para o estudo dos substratos conceituais que referenciam esta investigação artística. Os principais teóricos que subjazem os aportes conceituais nesta pesquisa são das áreas de Estudos Culturais (CANCLINI, 2011, HALL, 2006), Ciências Cognitivas (LAKOFF e JHONSON, 2002), Artes Cênicas (ALENCAR, 2007a, 2007b), Estudos do Corpo (RENGEL, 2007a, 2007b, 2009, DOMENICI, 2004, KATZ e GREINER, 2005, GREINER, 2005) e Semiótica (PLAZA, 2010, SANTAELLA, 1990). O objetivo de tal pesquisa foi, então, analisar alguns resultantes coreográficos do trabalho artístico de dança Rikud Vira-Lata, desenvolvido entre os anos de 2011 e 2013, a fim de identificar como a metáfora do híbrido e do borramento entre tradição e contemporaneidade traduz-se através de um sistema de signos próprios da dança.
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Ward, Willie (Willem Jacobus). "Organisasie-innovasie vir omgewingsbestuur." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52981.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The complexity of environmental problems and the demands that these make on organisations to create integrated management outcomes in a participative way in a multilevel context with many role-players, have highlighted the search for new innovative organisational forms. Organisations have specific structural characteristics with regard to complexity, formalisation and (de)centralisation, that correspond with their core activities and their external circumstances. The traditional bureaucracy, as an organisational structure, is a rigid and hierarchical system that is based on formal rules, complex management systems and centralised decision-making. The spread of postmodernism highlighted the restrictions of bureaucracies and started a process, throughout the world, that is transforming organisations into flatter, less formal structures. The focus of this study was to determine to which extent organisations in the field of sustainable development adapt to new realities and experiment with innovative organisational forms. Greenpeace, as an international environmental organisation, a Representative Forum, as an Agenda 21 type institutional mechanism for interest groups in the integrated development planning processes at local government level, and Water Catchment Management Agencies, as organisational institutional form for the integrated management of all aspects with regard to water resources, were analysed as case studies. The case studies confirm the increase in and application of multilevel network type organisational forms in the field of natural resources management. It highlights a common vision, processes that work towards reaching consensus and the forming of partnerships. The rise of the network organisation, its advantages and potential problems, are finally discussed with a view to the future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kompleksiteit van omgewingprobleme en die vereistes wat dit stel aan organisasies om op 'n deelnemende wyse in 'n multivlak en multi-rolspeler konteks ge·'ntegreerde bestuursuitkomste te bewerkstellig, het die fokus op die soeke na nuwe innoverende organisasievorme laat val. Organisasies het bepaalde strukturele eienskappe in terme van kompleksiteit, formalisasie en (de)sentralisasie wat grootliks aanpas by hulle kernbedrywighede en die eksterne omstandighede waarin hulle hulself bevind. Die tradisionele burokrasie as organisasievorm is 'n rigiede en hierarqiese sisteem wat geskoei is op sentrale besluitneming, formele reels en komplekse bestuurstelsels. Met die koms van postmodernisme het die beperkinge van die reuse burokrasiee aan die lig gekom en is daar, regoor die wereld, 'n proses aan die gang gesit wat talle organisasies in platter, minder formele en losser strukture verander. In die studie is ondersoek ingestel tot watter mate organisasies in die veld van volhoubare omgewingsbestuur by die nuwe realiteite aanpas en met nuwe innoverende organisasievorme eksperimenteer. Greenpeace, as internasionale omgewingsorganisasie, 'n Verteenwoordige Forum as Agenda 21-tipe institusionele meganisme vir belangegroepe in die geYntegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanningsprosesse op plaaslike regeringsvlak, en Wateropvanggebied-bestuursagentskappe as organisatoriese institusionele vorm vir die qemteqreerde bestuur van aile aspekte wat met waterhulpbronne te make het, is as gevallestudies ontleed. Die gevallestudies bevestig die toenemde voorkoms en aanwending van multivlak netwerk-tipe organisasievorme op die gebied van natuurlike hulpbronbestuur wat die klem laat val op 'n samebindende visie, konsensus-soekende prosesse en venootskapsvorming. Die opkoms van die netwerkorganisasie met sy voordele sowel as die potensiele probleme, word ten slotte in 'n toekomsblik beskou.
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Wies, Effi [Verfasser]. "Funktionelle Analyse des KSHV-kodierten vIRF-3 : Interferonantagonismus und Onkogenese / vorgelegt von Effi Wies." 2009. http://d-nb.info/997265760/34.
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Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila. "Initiating lateral gene transfer : analysis of the VirA/VirG two component system in vivo /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3070198.
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Schoeman, Johannes Jacobus. "Riglyne vir kurrikulumontwerp vir omgewingsgesondheid." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11052.
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Vaculík, Petr. "Molekulárně-biologická charakterizace M viru bramboru a viru svinutky bramboru." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297173.
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The main aims of diploma thesis were: 1) The sequence analysis of the Czech isolate of Potato virus M (PVM) VIRUBRA 4/009 and phylogenetic analysis of PVM coat proteins sequences 2) The bacterial expression of recombinant triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of PVM derived from the Czech isolate VIRUBRA 4/007 3) The construction of expression cassette of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) coat protein and its transformation into A. tumefaciens for transgenic PLRV resistant plant formation In theoretical part of the thesis the taxonomic classification, morphology, genomic structure and virus transmission are discussed. Furthermore, the main rules concerning the bacterial expression of recombinant proteins and construction of transgenic plants using A. tumefaciens are described. Methodical part is devoted to description of generally used molecular biological and immunochemical methods. The following results were obtained in the thesis: The complete nucleotide sequences of open reading frames coding for three movement proteins (Triple gene block -TGB), coat protein and NA-binding protein of PVM isolate VIRUBRA 4/009; phylogenetic analysis was performed; the TGB1 protein was expressed in bacterial cells and will be used for polyclonal antibodies raising. Finally, the expression cassette containing the PLRV...
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Du, Toit Leon Ronald. "Riglyne vir 'n personeelontwikkelingsprogram vir skole vir serebraal- en leergestremdes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11535.
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M. Ed. (Education Management)Schools for Specialisted Education cater for pupils who suffer from a wide range of disabilities. At these schools the staff component is diverse in order to cater for all the needs of the pupils. Because of the diversity of staff members, which include teaching staff, therapists, nursing staff, hostel staff, administrative staff etcetera, special care must be taken to address the staff development needs of all staff members. The purpose of this study therefore had two main objectives, namely : (1) To do a survey and establish exactly what is being done in practice regarding staff development at schools for Cerebral Palsied and Learning Disabled. (2) To draw up guidelines to assist principals when planning their annual staff development and in-service training programme. It was found that very few schools for Specialised Education plan specifically for the needs of a diverse staff, but rather include topics that will interest most staff members as a group. Staff members also expressed the need to be included in the planning stages to ensure that their needs are addressed and that they are empowered to perform their tasks to the best of their ability. After a general overview of the essence of any staff development programme, more specific guidelines are given to assist principals of schools for Specialised Education and schools for Cerebral Palsied and Learning Disabled in particular.
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Senekal, Wilhelmina Johanna. "Kurrikulumontwerpbeginsels vir 'n brugkursus vir volwassenes." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7335.
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D.Ed.The training and development opportunities available in Human Resources in a country play an important role regarding the growth and progress of such a country and its people. The parameters wherein training and development is conducted determine to a large extend the direction the country takes towards the efficient productivity of individuals. In South Africa, in the past, the political system of apartheid, which created unequal opportunities between different races, played a major adverse role in the education and training facilities of its employable population. As a result common education standards became a victim of political expediency, and the school system created a forum of unequal education. After research conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council in 1980 to investigate the education system in South Africa it was concluded that it is impossible to implement a system focussed on equal quality education overnight. It is not until after the first multi-cultural election in the history of South Africa in 1994 that this situation started changing. The National Qualifications Framework and The South African Qualifications Authority was established. That brought about major change in the education and training system in the country, and it also shifted the emphasis to lifelong learning. It became apparent that for the quickest beneficial results a program of adult education had to be initiated to work hand in hand with the more gradual development of equal education at undergraduate levels. The shift that needs to be made from the traditional school system to the training of adults is however a difficult one. Adult education is not yet established in South Africa.
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"Riglyne vir 'n vakkurrikulum vir toegepaste vliegtuigonderhoudteorie." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12938.
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"Opleidingsprogramme vir volwasseneleerders: ‘n selfdoenmodule vir leerbegeleiers." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5999.
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M.Ed.The adult in today's society, is increasingly aware of his/her shortcomings regarding existing training skills and knowledge structures, as well as the need to supplement or refresh in order to keep up with demands. Conventional training methods alone cannot supply in the demand for competent educators to train the increasing number of adult learners, with their unique needs and approach to learning. The purpose of the study is the design of a self-study module as a possible training method for adult educators, as it is regarded as a cost-effective method to develop these educators by means of distance education and due to its availability regardless of their socio-economic background of the prospective educators. A study of literature and descriptive research was conducted to determine the structure and requirements of a selfstudy module. Relevant models of training program design were also studied. The information obtained was used to develop a selfstudy module dealing with the designing of training programs for adult learners, based on the Wheeler/KrUger model (1979). The following issues were addressed in the selfstudy module: A situation analysis, the planning of learning experiences for these adult learners, the setting of goals and objectives, the selection of teaching and learning opportunities, the development of teaching strategies, and evaluation of the training program. The selfstudy module is preceded by a short pretest for the prospective adult ducator. Each topic is succeeded by a selftest to assist the adult educator in determining his/her progress. On completion of the module he/she should be equipped to design a training program for adult learners. Although the designed module has not been tested, the conclusion could be made that selfstudy modules as a teaching method could supply in the demand for educators of adults. Self study modules seem specially appropriate in the South African setting with its geographically scattered society and varying academic and economic backgrounds.
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Schoeman, Gerhardus Henoch. "'n Bestuursmodel vir 'n skool vir gesigsgestremdes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10198.
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M.Ed.Because special Education and therefore also the education of visually impaired children, is an expensive undertaking, it is of great importance that every school for the visually impaired functions as effective as possible. In the light of this urgency, research was therefore done to determine the most effective way to manage a school for visually impaired children under the authority of the Department of Education and Training. Before a model for the management of a school for the visually impaired could be developed, attention was given to the historical development of the education of the visually impaired in the Republic of South Africa. This is followed by focussing on the present situation concerning the education of Black visually disabled children. Attention was given to the areas to be managed at such a school, namely: staff, Pupils, Parents and Community, Curriculum, Buildings and Physical assets and Methods and Procedures. Reference was also made to the present management situation at these schools under the authority of the Department of Education and Training and to the managerial functions to be performed by a principal of a school for visually impaired children. Management by objectives and its value for Educational Management was also considered. Finally, the Biblical-Christian perspective on science, management in general and Educational Management in particular, was also considered. The model for the management of a school for the visually impaired from this perspective was suggested. Because of the lack of space the model could be applied to only one management area, namely, staff. It can however be adapted to also suit the management of the other areas. With this model "in the hand" the Christian principal and the management team of a school for the visually impaired, should be able to manage the staff and other areas of the school (more) effectively. They should be able to transfer meaningful and formative education to the pupils entrusted to them and also experience a sense of deep inner satisfaction, because they know that they are busy with a task God has called them for, doing it in the way He wants it to be done.
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Vaculík, Petr. "Biotechnologické využití rostlinných virů." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351027.
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The latest model of tertiary structure of capsid protein of potato virus X (PVX CP) was used as a template to design new insertion sites suitable for the preparation of PVX-based antigen presentation system. Based on this model, seven insertion sites (A-G) located in putative surface loops were tested. As an antigen inserted into these sites was used 17 amino acids long epitope derived from human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein (E7 epitope) fused with either 6xHis tag or StrepII tag in both possible orientations (6xHis-E7 and E7-6xHis, StrepII-E7 and E7-StrepII). Prior to plant expression, modified PVX CPs were expressed in Escherichia coli MC1061. The results showed that only PVX CP carrying StrepII-E7 or E7-StrepII in the insertion site A formed virus particles. The results from transient expression experiments with modified PVX CPs in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that only the insertion site A (located between 24th and 25th amino acid in the PVX CP) could tolerate all tested inserts. Importantly, viral particles were detected only in the presence of StrepII tag and their stability was affected by the insert orientation (StrepII-E7 vs. E7-StrepII) as only the viral particles presenting E7-StrepII could be purified. Besides the preparation of PVX-based antigen presentation system, an...
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Swartz, Elizabeth Maria-Magdalena. "Taal vir spesiale doeleindes : 'n rasionaal vir 'n Afrikaanskursus vir studente in die regte." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9099.
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M.A. (African Languages)Problems regarding language requirements set by legislation, the law profession and academic institutions, are discussed. The main purpose of the study is to do a needs analysis of law students' needs, to communicate in Afrikaans, to make a conclusion ofneeds that have to be addressed and to lay down guidelines for a concept syllabus. The presumption is made that present Afrikaans courses for law students at universities, do not make provision for their specific needs. The implementation phases are discussed, with a special focus on the communicative needs ofthe target groups. The development of language for special purposes is discussed. Special attention is focussed on authentic materials, a frequency analysis and a special register. The importance of a needs analysis is stressed. The development of the functional notional approach and its advantages is discussed. Learner-centredness and learner needs are emphasized. A number of language syllabuses . ~. are mentioned and the conclusion is reached that grammar should form the basis of a syllabus, with notional, functional and situational specifications centering around it. A number of existing language courses for law students were studied. The lack of a communicative approach in many of these courses is pointed out. It is suggested that serious consideration must be given to a new approach towards existing courses in Afrikaans for law students and that a rationale be developed to determine communicative needs, contents of the course and the principles as set out in the functional-notional approach.
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Aldum, Heleen. "Omgee vir die leerder as kriterium vir skooleffektiwiteit." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6350.
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D.Ed.Major concern has been expressed both nationally and internationally about the effectiveness of schools. Programmes have been put in place to increase school effectiveness, but these seem to have had very little effect. Why have these programmes not increased school effectiveness? Perhaps the answer lies in the fact that most researchers have not asked the stakeholders themselves about their needs regarding school effectiveness. This study has been undertaken in an attempt to provide some answers. This study followed a qualitative research method: administering and processing open-ended questionnaires. There is a need teachers who show evidence of specific caring characteristics such as, inter alia, helpfulness, patience, availability, kindness and responsibility. A number of guidelines and recommendations (based on stakeholder needs identified in this study) on how to develop a caring attitude in schools are suggested. Further research is strongly recommended into aspects such as: needs of learners of different ages and cultures; views of the teachers, principles and parents specifically on school effectiveness in South Africa. PROBLEM: The restructuring of schools and the continuing low pass rate of school-leavers leads one to consider the following question: Is carinq a determining factor in school effectiveness and if so, to what extent are key players aware of it and do they consciously apply it? AIM: To investigate attitudes of key players regarding caring for the learner as a prerequisite for school effectiveness. To investigate the viability of its application in real schools. The research that resulted was exploratory, descriptive and contextual. A data analysis indicates that in present-day schools there is a greater need for individual care than is at present being provided.there is a need teachers who show evidence of specific caring characteristics such as, inter alia, helpfulness, patience, availability, kindness and responsibility. A number of guidelines and recommendations (based on stakeholder needs identified in this study) on how to develop a caring attitude in schools are suggested. Further research is strongly recommended into aspects such as: needs of learners of different ages and cultures; views of the teachers, principles and parents specifically on school effectiveness in South Africa.