Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virémies de bas niveau'
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Palich, Romain. "Impact de la résistance virale acquise dans le passé sur les stratégies antirétrovirales actuelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS493.
Full textIn the field of HIV management, today in France, three situations continue to concern clinicians: 1) persistent low-level viremia, despite prolonged antiretroviral treatment and good self-reported compliance, 2) persistence or clearance in viral reservoir of resistance mutations selected in the past, and 3) optimal drug-reduced antiretroviral treatment in virally suppressed patients. In a first work, we showed that 72% of patients with persistent low-level viremia, with good self-reported compliance, had adequate plasma antiretroviral concentrations, and no past viral resistance explaining the persistent replication. Two years after inclusion, 72% of patients maintained low-level replication without virologic failure. In a second work, we showed the persistence of the M184V mutation, acquired in the past, in 67% of patients with suppressed viremia >5 years (detection threshold: 1%), as well as the progressive clearance of the mutation in the HIV-DNA reservoir. The two factors associated with the persistence of M184V were the duration and the level of replication under 3TC/FTC in the past. In a third work, we showed the virological efficacy of dual therapies given 5 or 4 days a week (virological success: 91% at W96), in a population highly exposed to antiretroviral treatment. Overall, these findings support the optimization of strategies, in order to reduce the exposure to antiretrovirals, including in patients with a long virological and therapeutic history
TOUATI, Sid-Ahmed-Ali. "Méthodes d'optimisations de programmes bas niveau." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665897.
Full textO'Donnell, Ciaran. "Compilation de haut niveau pour les machines de bas niveau /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357781912.
Full textThiaville, Louis. "Réseaux neuromimétiques pour la vision bas-niveau." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0092.
Full textPlyer, Aurélien. "Architectures massivement parallèles et vision artificielle bas-niveau." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820700.
Full textPlyer, Aurélien. "Architectures massivement parallèles en vision artificielle bas niveau." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_plyer.pdf.
Full textIn this work we study the gain offered by massively parallel architecture for low-level vision processing. Reviewing the recent evolutions of computer architectures, we underline the massively parallel solutions which are now available to every programmer, the GPU. Exploiting the computing power of these solutions requires a change in programming methodology. However, as far as low-level vision is concerned, we show that most problems can be solved using a restricted number of programming patterns. Finally, we propose a new model to evaluate the complexity of solutions developed on GPUs. Then we apply these programming principles to various low-level vision problems. The first one is optical flow (OF) estimation, which is at the core of many video processing problems. We present an OF estimation on GPU, called FOLKI, which allows good estimation quality on various real-world video sequences with unprecedented computing performance. An application of this work concerns particle image velocimetry, a measurement technique of paramount importance for experimental fluid mechanics. Then we turn toward super-resolution (SR). We first introduce an original and very fast solution, which uses the FOLKI optical flow estimate for image registration. Then various solutions of increasing computational complexity are proposed, which lead to better resolution and robustness. Using these techniques we show very original SR results on video with complex motions (walking person, moving vehicle). Finally the last chapter shows on-going work on 3D measurement contexts in experimental physics and robotics
Laporte, Vincent. "Vérification d’analyses statiques pour langages de bas niveau." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S078/document.
Full textStatic analysis of programs enables to study the possible behaviours of programs without running them. Static analysers may be used to guarantee that the execution of a program cannot result in a run-time error. Such analysis tools are themselves programs: they may have bugs. So as to increase the confidence in the results of an analysis, we study in this thesis how the implementation of static analysers can be formally proved correct. In particular, we build abstract interpreters within the Coq proof assistant and prove them correct. Namely, we formally establish that analysis results characterize all possible executions of the analysed program. Such abstract interpreters are integrated to the formally verified CompCert compiler, when relevant ; this enables to guarantee that safety properties that are proved on source code also hold for the corresponding compiled code. We focus on the analysis of programs written in low-level languages. Namely, languages which feature little or no abstractions (variables, functions, objects, types…) or abstractions that the programmer is allowed to break. This hampers the task of a static analyser which thus cannot rely on these abstractions to yield precise results. We discuss in particular how to automatically recover the control-flow graph of binary self-modifying programs, and how to automatically prove that a program written in C (in which pointer arithmetic is pervasive) cannot produce a run-time error
Boubekeur, Ahmed. "Conception d'architectures intégrées de traitement d'image de bas niveau." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341394.
Full textWeigl, Konrad. "Application des algorithmes neuromimetiques a la vision bas niveau." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4736.
Full textLoncelle, Jérôme. "Contribution des réseaux connexionnistes au traitement d'image bas niveau." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112287.
Full textCardoso, Vanderlei Andrei. "Opérateurs rétiniens spatio-temporels pour la vision "bas-niveau"." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112093.
Full textThis work concerns the study of spatio-temporal operators on focal plane arrays. The first chapter of the thesis analyzes the various spatiotemporal operators and their integration within the retina. This survey has been illustrated by the conception of a retina for the tracking of less-than-one-pixel target detection. The algorithm implanted in this retina is constituted of a complex filtering and an operator of lateral inhibition with threshold. The integration of these operators was possible by developing a functional simulator that permitted to choose operators and to evaluate the influence of second order phenomena as the charge injection on the global performances of the circuit. The focal plane array has been implanted in CMOS 0. 8 mM technology. In the first appendix of the thesis is presented an original analog operator for synchronous detection operating from a rate of 10 kHz to 1 MHz. This operator has been implanted in CMOS 0. 6 mM technology
Wilke, Pierre. "Compilation formellement vérifiée de code C de bas-niveau." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S088/document.
Full textThis thesis presents an extension of the CompCert compiler that aims at providing formal guarantees about the compilation of more programs than CompCert does. The CompCert compiler compiles C code into assembly code for various architectures and provides formal guarantees about the behaviour of the compiled assembly program. It states that whenever the C program has a defined semantics, the generated assembly program behaves similarly. However, the theorem does not provide any guarantee when the source program has undefined semantics, or, in C parlance, when it exhibits undefined behaviour, even though those behaviours actually happen in real-world code. This thesis exhibits a number of C idioms, that occur in real-life code and whose behaviour is undefined according to the C standard. Because they happen in real programs, our goal is to enhance the CompCert verified compiler so that it also provides formal guarantees for those programs. To that end, we propose a memory model for CompCert that makes pointer arithmetic and uninitialised data manipulation defined, introducing a notion of symbolic values that capture the meaning of otherwise undefined idioms. We adapt the whole memory model of CompCert with this new formalism and adapt the semantics of all the intermediate languages. We prove that our enhanced semantics subsumes that of CompCert. Moreover, we show that these symbolic semantics capture the behaviour of the previously undefined C idioms. The proof of semantic preservation from CompCert needs to be reworked to cope with our model. We therefore generalize important proof techniques such as memory injections, which enable us to port the whole proof of CompCert to our new memory model, therefore providing formal guarantees for more programs
Boubekeur, Ahmed Saucier Gabrièle. "Conception d'architectures integrees de traitement d'image de bas niveau." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341394.
Full textHadachy, Mohamed El. "Diagnostic du vieillessement de la connectique encartable dorée bas-niveau." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20240.
Full textThe first part of this manuscript defines the models governing the theory of the electric contacts and also presents a list of known degradation mechanisms for spring contacts used for printed circuit boards. The second and third parts are dedicated to the surface state expertise of these male and female industrial connectors after long exploitation times (between 30 and 10 years) using on one hand, AFM, EDX BEM, IRTF and UV light analysis to identify the main degradation effects and on the other hand, Kelvin Probe and Acoustic Microscopy in an attempt to test new investigation tools. Pollution appears to be the most relevant default compared to erosion, oxidation or coating delaminations. The fourth part is dedicated to the conception and to the implementation of a measurement system of the electric contact resistance in a configuration similar to the real connector one. For that purpose, a HE9 pin is used to be pressed to the male contact part under test. The measure of the corresponding electric resistance is made according to the contact strength level which is adjustable and controlled. Lastly we reproduce pollutions mechanisms (by spin coating) since it has been highlighted previously as the main ageing process, in order to measure its impact on the contact resistance and also on the reliability of electrical contact. This study shows the interest of this kind of measurement to detect the ageing effects for spring contacts on printed circuit boards
ALVES, DE BARROS MARCELO. "Traitement bas niveau d'images en temps reel et circuits reconfigurables." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112307.
Full textAmhaz, Hawraa. "Traitement d'images bas niveau intégré dans un capteur de vision CMOS." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838399.
Full textPREMONT, GUY. "Photothyristors pnpn et recuit simule optoelectronique pour la vision bas-niveau." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112287.
Full textSoëte, Thomas. "Couche logicielle bas niveau efficace pour interface radio à faisceaux agiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10179/document.
Full textThe work presented in this paper are placed in the context of wireless networks without infrastructure (Ad Hoc) involving the use of sector antennas in a 60 GHz radio channel. The antenna consists of several simple antennas; each intended for a particular sector and may be mechanically switched to activate a single sector. It is thus possible to choose the area of transmitting or receiving data. This type of antenna nevertheless suffers from a problem with this mechanical switching: it cannot be done instantly. At each change of sector, a small amount of time is lost, which reduces the efficiency. This problem is particularly important when the switching time is around the time needed to send a packet: more than half of the bandwidth can be wasted. The state of the art solutions for supporting sector antennas generally do not take into account this switching time and therefore are not adapted to this problem. The thesis is that by taking into account the switching time, it is possible to produce an efficient and adapted protocol stack to this type of antennas. We therefore propose a new optimized protocol stack including the two lower layers of the OSI model. It then remains interoperable with other systems
Mokri, Hind. "Problématique de l’évaluation neuropsychologique du sujet âgé de bas niveau d’études." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22076/document.
Full textThe effect of education on cognitive performances and neuropsychological assessment outcomes has been well documented so far. Indeed, the assessment of cognitive performance of individuals with low and very low educational level remains a major clinical challenge for several reasons. Firstly, conventional cognitive assessment tools used with elderly patients are not suitable for illiterate or poorly instructed individuals. Secondly, traditional norms used to identify strengths and weaknesses of cognitive performance are not sensible enough to detect cognitive impairments among illiterate or scarcely instructed individuals. Therefore, how to improve the neuropsychological assessment of individuals with low formal educational level is the main research question of this doctoral thesis. To adequately answer to this prior question, four studies have been conducted. The aim of the first study presented in this thesis was to investigate the specific effect of literacy acquisition on cognitive performances independently of education. For this work, we used data collected from the Coyoacán study, a Mexican population-based cohort which presents an important sample of uneducated participants. The main finding of this study was that participants who never attended school but counting with informal literacy abilities, presented better performances for all cognitive tests, except for the Isaacs Set test (IST), compared to their uneducated illiterate counterparts. These findings illustrate the specific effect of literacy skills acquisition on cognitive performances independently of the influence of schooling. The lack of adapted comparative norms is the second major challenge of neuropsychological assessment of individuals with low-educational level. Consequently, our second study aimed at establishing comparative norms for the MMSE, the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test and the IST, three tests widely used for cognitive evaluation in elderly people. Of note, these norms were specifically established for the Mexican elderly population, which presents a high rate of illiteracy and low-educational level. Finally, a third study aiming at establishing comparative norms for a new visuo-spatial memory-test: the goblets test. For this study, we used data collected from the AMI cohort study which is conducted in rural areas in the South-West of France. Within this third study we also studied the validity of this test in detecting dementia illness. These comparative norms are necessary to interpret cognitive scores. However, as age and education are major risk factors for dementia, correcting for these demographic variables to improve the accuracy of detection or prediction of dementia may be questionable. Consistently with other studies showing that dementia detection accuracy is compromised when corrected scores are used; findings of our last study showed that regarding dementia prediction accuracy, participants developing dementia, in the short term, are better classified when using uncorrected scores for age and education than the corrected ones. To conclude, cognitive assessment of elderly individuals with low-educational level remains still a major clinical barrier to correctly diagnose dementia. However, besides providing clinicians with several pragmatic inputs such as cognitive tests and appropriated comparative norms, we believe that our findings will encourage clinical reflection regarding the use of these scores
Belakhdar, Rahma. "Etude des mécanismes de fretting dans les contacts électriques bas-niveau étamés." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112305.
Full textLow-power tinned electrical contacts are widely used in the connections within embedded electronic systems. Their reliability is questioned by a wear phenomenon called fretting corresponding to a multiphysical and essentially vibratory solicitation. Despite a significant number of studies on this topic, the mechanisms governing this mode of degradation are still imperfectly characterized because they involve parameters of different physical nature giving rise to complex interactions. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge concerning the deterioration of the electric properties of these low-power contacts subject to fretting following a tribologic and electric approach. The proposed work is based on an experimental device allowing the collecting of relevant measures in a simplified scenario-case study. Thus, the analysis of the contact degradation is insured by the tracking of the value of the electrical resistance and the forces of friction in a test full. A special device can detect and count the electrical micro shutdowns occurring. An analysis after the fact of the surface roughness by a form measuring instrument complements the experimental study. In this work, many trials were conducted to study the influence on the degradation by fretting parameters as the supporting force of contact, the amplitude or the frequency of vibration. The results have been faced with different models encountered in the literature. The data collected helped to identify wear criteria based on energy bases and tribological
Li, François-Xavier. "Anticipation-coi͏̈ncidence à bas niveau de contrainte : sources d'information et couplage d'intensité." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22062.
Full textAmmenouche, Samir. "Etude de l'interaction bas niveau entre le parallélisme d'instructions et les caches." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0054.
Full textThe scheduling problems (of instructions or tasks) that are studied in the litterature consider a well knowledge of execution time of each instruction. However, adding a cache to a processor does not permit in advance to know the access delay to the memory hierarchy. The uncertainty of the data localisation in memory hierarchy induces uncertainty of the memory instruction delays. Thus, the studied theorical scheduling models are simple, and they only consider fixed latency for memory instructions. In fact, the cache effects on instruction scheduling vary the program execution time inducing the impossibility to perform a temporal analysis of the generated code and then a resource under-utilisation. We propose an optimisation that takes into account the cache effects during the compilation time. Then, we combine the linear prefetch optimisation with it. Moreover, we note that the addition of the data prefetch instructions permits to overlap the memory access latency. However, litterature describes only linear access prefetch and does not offer alternative for the non-linear accesses. In this context, we propose an analysis method of the accessed address stream based on the spectral analysis. It permits to detect the repetitive patterns if they exist. Based on these repetitive patterns, data becomes prediction possible. This may leads to prefetch repetitive irregular patterns. Finally, the granularity of data accesses is often neglected when the prefetch optimisation is applied. However, this parameter can be used to propose an adapted optimisation. Indeed, in opposition to the classical fine level granularity of data prefetching, we propose to prefetch at large grain granularity. In other word, instead of prefetching cache-lines, we propose to prefetch a whole memory block. We perform experiments on the sparse matrix vector multiplication. In addition, we developed a test of data regularity to classify the matrices
Da, Rugna Jérôme. "De l'usage des méthodes bas niveau pour la recherche d'image par le contenu." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00070811.
Full textl'apport des méthodes bas niveau.
Après avoir discuté des différentes approches existantes, nous rappelons le fossé sémantique
entre les attentes de l'utilisateur et ce que proposent réellement les systèmes de recherche. La
plupart de ceux-ci reposent sur une étape préalable de segmentation dont la validité et la robustesse
se doivent d'être étudiées. Nous proposons alors un protocole d'évaluation objective et un
exemple concret de mise en oeuvre. L'originalité consiste à ne pas comparer une segmentation à
une référence théorique mais à juger objectivement sa stabilité.
La troisième partie de ce document introduit trois contributions ponctuelles susceptibles
d'améliorer la chaîne de recherche. Dans un premier temps, un détecteur de flou permet d'extraire
une méta-information portée par l'image, les zones nettes a priori de focalisation. Ensuite
nous exposons un descripteur basé sur l'extraction de régions émergentes sur le seul critère couleur.
Cette extraction, conjuguée avec des distances adaptées, peut permettre par exemple un
pré-filtrage couleur en amont de la phase de recherche de similarité proprement dite. Finalement,
nous introduisons brièvement une algèbre d'histogrammes pour exploiter au mieux l'information
contenue dans ce type de descripteurs, via un langage de requêtes spécifique.
COLDEFY, FRANCOIS. "Champs markoviens et méthodes variationnelles appliqués à des tâches de vision bas niveau." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112145.
Full textDa, Rugna Jérôme. "De l'usage des méthodes bas niveau pour la recherche d'images par le contenu." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4015.
Full textThe matter of this work is content based image retrievaland more precisely the contribution of the low level methods. After having discussed the various existing approaches, we recall the semantic gap between the user expectations and what really the systems of research propose. Most of these approaches rely on a preliminary step of segmentation whose validity and robustness must be studied. Then we propose a protocol of evaluation and a practical example of benchmarks. The originality consists in not comparing a segmentation with a theoretical reference but judging its stability objectively. The third part of this document introduces three specific contributions likely to improve the chain of research. Initially, a detector of blur allows to extract a meta-data carried by the image: the unblur regions, a priori of focusing. Secondly, we expose a descriptor based on the extraction of emergent areas using only the color criteria. This process, combined with adapted distances, may allow for example a color pre-filtering before the step of similarity research. Finally, we briefly introduce an algebra of histograms able as well as possible to exploit the information contained in this type of descriptors, via a specific query language
Alamarguy, David. "Etude de couches moléculaires organiques pour la protection des contacts électriques bas niveau." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112046.
Full textThis work concerns the study of a permanent organic coating for gold low level electrical contacts improvement. The aim of the coating is to ensure low friction and high corrosion protection while maintaining good electrical properties of the protected contact. It was performed in collaboration with chemists (university of namur, belgium, university of nice, and solvay, italy) in the framework of a european contract of the 5th framework programme. The main idea was to elaborate a novel type of coating involving a grafted layer and a free layer. The interactions of the molecules with the metallic substrate were studied. Various characterisation tools were used : xps, contact angles, afm and afm in conductive mode. The effect of various fluorinated thiol molecules was studied. The corrosion protection of the various layers was evaluated by exposing the protected coupons to a 4-gas test. At the same time mechanical and electrical properties were investigated. Large amplitude friction tests and low amplitude ones (fretting) were performed. It was shown that efficient protection against corrosion was obtained only when a mixed layer of codeposited thiol molecules was grafted on the surface. The process of coating deposition was transposed to connector terminals which were then submitted to the standardised industrial specifications. A formulation was found that gave outstanding results. It was shown in parallel that the layers displayed particular mechanical and electrical properties which were then studied both at the macroscopic and microscopic scale. A patent on the process and its application was deposited
Collet, Anne-Claire. "Implication relative des traits de haut niveau et de bas niveau des stimuli dans la catégorisation, chez l'homme et le singe." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30118/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we explored the relative contributions of high level and low level features of stimuli used in object categorization tasks. This work consists of three studies in human and monkey. The originality of this thesis lies in stimuli construction. Our first study aimed to characterize neural correlates of image recognition in monkey, using ECoG recordings. For that purpose we developped a categorization task using SWIFT technique (technique created by Roger Koenig and Rufin VanRullen). Stimuli were visual sequences in which object contours (semantic content, high level feature) were cyclically modulated while luminance, contrasts and spatial frequencies (low level features) remained stable. By analyzing evoked potentials, we brought to light a late electrophysiological activity, in an " all or none " fashion, specifically related to the target recognition in monkey. But because in real condition objects are never isolated, we explored in a second study contextual congruency effect in visual categorization task in humans and monkeys. We compared the contribution of Fourier transform amplitude spectrum to this congruency effect in the both species. We found a strategy divergence showing that monkeys were more sensitive to the low level features of stimuli than humans. Finally, in the last study, we tried to quantify multisensory semantic congruency effect, during a audiovisual categorization task in humans. In that experiment, we equalized a maximum of low level features, in both sensory modalities which were always jointly stimulated. In the visual domain, we used again the SWIFT technique, whereas in auditory domain we used a snippets randomization technique. We highlighted a large multisensory gain in congruent trials (i.e. image and sound related to the same object), specifically linked to the semantic content of stimuli. This thesis offers new perspectives both for comparative cognition between human and non human primates and for the importance of controlling the physical features of stimuli used in object recognition tasks
Wotawa, Nicolas. "Système visuel cortical de bas niveau et perception du mouvement: une caractérisation par IRM." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071516.
Full textUne première partie concerne l´identification individuelle des aires visuelles de bas niveau. Nous détaillons la méthode de cartographie rétinotopique par IRM fonctionnelle (IRMf) que nous avons developpée, depuis la conception des stimuli visuels à l´analyse anatomo-fonctionnelle finale. Par ailleurs, une localisation fonctionnelle du complexe hMT/V5+ est obtenue par un paradigme en bloc. Ces méthodes, optimisées suivant certains paramètres de la stimulation, permettent d´extraire pour tout individu des Régions d´Intérêt homogènes.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une caractérisation fonctionnelle des différentes aires visuelles primaires. En se fondant sur le paradigme récent d´IRM d´adaptation qui permet d´étudier la sensibilité d´une région cérébrale à des variations quantitatives d´un paramètre de la stimulation, nous démontrons une différenciation de la sensibilité à la direction du mouvement dans les aires etudiées.
Enfin, nous décrivons une expérience combinant les modalités d´IRMf et d´IRM de diffusion (IRMd) dans le but d´étudier la connectivité anatomique au sein du cortex visuel primaire. Cette caractérisation, établie en s´appuyant sur des algorithmes récents de cartographie des fibres de matière blanche, donne des indices sur le réseau d´aires notamment impliquées dans le traitement du mouvement visuel.
Ballaz, Cécile. "Recherche visuelle : intégration des informations visuo-posturales et mnésiques en vision de bas niveau." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE29023.
Full textMartin-Herrero, Julio. "Techniques de bas niveau en traitement d'images pour la télédetection des milieux non homogènes." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13166.
Full textAhmim, Smail. "Conversion de la chaleur fatale de bas niveau en énergie électrique par effet magnétocalorique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST015.
Full textThe main objective of my thesis is the design and development of a device suitable to recover, and scavenge, low grade heat to produce electrical energy and thus supply small autonomous systems (μW to mW). The developed generator converts energy in three steps. First of all, thermal energy is converted into magnetic energy through a thermodynamic cycle operated by a magnetocaloric material. This first conversion is closely linked to the second, conversion of magnetic energy into mechanical energy, because the displacement of the magnetocaloric material also controls the applied field and the heat exchanges with the reservoirs. It is the interweaving of these two cycles, thermodynamic and dynamic, which allows the system to self-oscillate. The mechanical energy of the pseudo-oscillating system is converted into electrical energy via piezoelectric elements. My experimental, theoretical and numerical works aimed to maximize the electrical energy recovered while ensuring the self-oscillation of the structure. All devices developed are able to self-oscillate for temperature difference of 35 °C while producing electrical energy. Our most efficient prototype has an energy of 10.6 μJ per cycle for a frequency of 0.41 Hz, i.e. a power of 4.2 μW (240 μW/cm3). This work, especially, focuses on the cycles associated with energy conversion
Sutour, Camille. "Vision nocturne numérique : restauration automatique et recalage multimodal des images à bas niveau de lumière." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0099/document.
Full textNight vision for helicopter pilots is artificially enhanced by a night vision system. It consists in a light intensifier (LI) coupled with a numerical camera, and an infrared camera. The goal of this thesis is to improve this device by analyzing the defaults in order to correct them.The first part consists in reducing the noise level on the LI images. This requires to evaluate the nature of the noise corrupting these images, so an automatic noise estimation method has been developed. The estimation is based on a non parametric detection of homogeneous areas.Then the noise statistics are estimated using these homogeneous regions by performing a robust l`1 estimation of the noise level function.The LI images can then be denoised using the noise estimation. We have developed in the second part a denoising algorithm that combines the non local means with variational methods by applying an adaptive regularization weighted by a non local data fidelity term. Then this algorithm is adapted to video denoising using the redundancy provided by the sequences, hence guaranteeing temporel stability and preservation of the fine structures.Finally, in the third part data from the optical and infrared sensors are registered. We propose an edge based multimodal registration metric. Combined with a gradient ascent resolution and a temporel scheme, the proposed method allows robust registration of the two modalities for later fusion
Torres, Rémi. "Développements et performances d'un spectromètre Ge bas bruit de fond au niveau de la mer." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10579.
Full textPoulain, Christophe. "Etude et modelisation des contacts electriques bas niveau des contacteurs electromagnetiques en regime statique et dynamique." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066751.
Full textLE, GALL CLAIRE. "Etude des phenomenes de degradation dans les contacts electriques bas niveau soumis a des micro-vibrations." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112533.
Full textQUEGUINER, CHARLES. "Influence des traitements de bas niveau sur les performances d'un systeme de reconnaissance de l'ecriture manuscrite." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10130.
Full textBruni, Camillo. "Towards self-aware virtual machines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10021/document.
Full textHigh-level languages implement reflection which allows a language runtime to inspect and alter its own execution and state. These high-level languages typically run on top of virtual machines (VMs) which have been built to create an abstraction layer over hardware. Due to the isolating nature of the VM, reflection is generally limited to the language-side. Several research VMs overcome this limitation and provide a unified model where there is no more a clear distinction between language-side and VM-side. In such a language runtime it is possible to reflectively modify VM components from language-side as they reside on the same abstraction layer. In this dissertation we follow the same global direction towards a unified language-runtime and self-aware VM. However, instead of looking for a holistic solution we focus on a minimal approach. Instead of using a custom tailored language runtime we use dynamic native code activation from language-side on top of an existing VM. We first present Benzo our framework for dynamic native code activation. Benzo provides a generic but low-level interface to the VM internals. Based on this framework we then evaluate several applications that typically require direct VM support. We show first how Benzo is used to build an efficient Foreign Function Interface, allowing for a more structured access to VM internal functions. To evaluate the limitations of Benzo we target two more applications: dynamic primitives and a language-side JIT compiler. Both of them require a tight interaction with the underlying VM
Pot, Gerardus Petrus Maria. "Arm Leiden : levensstandaard, bedeling en bedeelden, 1750-1854 /." Hilversum : Verloren, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37096751g.
Full textTzvetanov, Tzvetomir. "Etude psychophysique et modélisation des traitements de bas niveau sous-tendant la vision des contours des objets." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004179.
Full textKarypidis, Charalampos. "Asymétries en perception et traitement de bas niveau : traces auditives, mémoire a court terme et représentations mentales." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487590.
Full textMartel-Brisson, Nicolas. "Approche non supervisée de segmentation de bas niveau dans un cadre de surveillance vidéo d'environnements non contrôlés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29093/29093.pdf.
Full textZahirazami, Shahram. "Architecture reconfigurable : conception et evaluation d'un systeme reconfigurable pour le traitement bas niveau d'images en temps reel." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112213.
Full textTorres, Lucio Domingo. "Elaboration et validation de LAPMAM : processeur parallèle SIMD/MIMD dédié au traitement bas et moyen niveau d'images." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10293.
Full textMa, Qiang. "Etude sur le transport d'énergie thermique à bas niveau à longues distances par procédé d'absorption ammoniac-eau." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS016.
Full textIn this thesis, the object is to evaluate the potentials and the performances of the ammonia-water absorption processes in the transportation of low-grade thermal energy over long distance. First of all, it contains the already employed systems for the transportation of low-grade thermal energy over long distance and understands their limitations. After this state-of-the-art introduction, the mathematical model of the ammonia-water absorption system is presented. The analysis of the performance of the transportation of low-grade thermal energy over long distance with this kind of systems is detailed. The output temperatures ranges are presented. The impact of the transportation process on the performance is studied. The investment cost of the transportation pipes was evaluated. Novel ammonia-water absorption cycles are proposed for the revalorization of the low-grade thermal energy. And then, a small-scale prototype is installed to experimentally verifier the thermodynamic feasibility. In order to complete the study, the economical analysis is realized
Macé, Olivier. "Sommes de trois carrés en deux variables et représentation de bas degré pour le niveau des courbes réelles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006239.
Full textKazemi, Kamran. "L' intégration d'information bas et haut-niveau pour la segmentation optimisée d'images cérébrales 3D chez l'enfant nouveau-né." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED004.
Full textIn this thesis, as the first step, we created a neonatal brain probabilistic atlas consisting of atlas template and probabilistic models for brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and skull. The atlas is created based on high resolution T1 Magnetic Resonance images of 7 individuals with gestational ages between 39 and 42 weeks at date of examination. The atlas template was evaluated by i) determining the deviation of characteristic anatomical landmarks and ii) the total amount of local deformation needed for the different brain tissues to meet the normalized neonatal image. In the second part of the thesis, we constructed a neonatal cerebral MR image simulator based on our created 3D digital neonatal neurocranial phantom. The created neonatal brain phantom consists of 9 different tissue types: scalp, skull, fat, muscle, dura mater, gray matter, myelinated white matter, non-myelinated white matter and CSF. The digital phantom was used to map simulated nuclear magnetic resonance signal intensities to simulate MR images of the newborns' head. The simulated images with controlled degradation of image data may serve as an evaluation data set for evaluating neonatal MRI analysis methods, e. G. Segmentation/registration algorithms. In the last part of this thesis, we developed an automatic tissue segmentation method for newborn brains from magnetic resonance images. We applied an atlas based algorithm for brain, CSF and skull segmentation of the newborns from 3D T1 weighted MR images. We used the segmentation method based on EM algorithm and Markov random filed which is implemented in SPM toolbox and its VBM toolbox in conjunction with our created probabilistic atlas as prior information. The results demonstrate that our method realizes a tool capable to segment reliably brain, CSF and skull from MRI of neonates
GUESSAB, SYLVIE. "Etude de films de polyacrylonitrile post-traites en vue d'une utilisation comme revetements de contacts electriques bas-niveau." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066152.
Full textGuironnet, Mickaël. "Méthodes de résumé de vidéo à partir d'informations bas niveau, du mouvement de caméra ou de l'attention visuelle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10155.
Full textThe growing volume of video leads to the need of new tools for indexing. One of the possible tools is video summary which provides a fast overview to the user. The objective of this thesis is to extract from visual information, a summary containing the “message” of video. We chose to study three new methods of video summary using different types of visual features. The first method of summary rests on low level features (color, orientation and motion). The combination of these features which is based on a fuzzy inference system allows a hierarchical summary to be built. We show the interest of such a summary in an application of query by example. The second method of summary is built from camera motion. This higher level feature is thought by the filmmaker and so induces information on the content. A method of camera motion classification based on Transferable Belief Model is achieved. The method of summary is elaborated according to rules about the magnitude and the chain of the identified motions. The third method of summary is developed from visual attention. To know the places where the glance is directed during the video playback is higher level information and relevant to create the summary. A spatio-temporal attention model is proposed, and then used to detect the change of content in time in order to build the summary
Antoine, Corinne. "Etude de la réactivité à la douleur et des conduites auto et hétéro-agressives chez 78 enfants autistes de bas niveau et 30 enfants autistes de haut niveau." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T004.
Full textDubar, Christophe. "Mise en œuvre d'un processeur de vision : conception de circuits intégrés spécifiques pour l'implantation de l'algorithmie de bas-niveau." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI246.
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